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In response to recent calls for promoting the contextual intelligence of sport psychology practitioners, the aim of the current study was to obtain the first-person competitive experiences of kendo fighters (i.e., kenshi). Existential phenomenological interviews were conducted with eight competitive Japanese-American kenshi residing in the United States. The findings of thematic analysis indicated that the participants possessed a strong commitment to earning ippon (i.e., a valid point), which was achieved by a subjective synchronization of mind, sword, and body in the execution of a strike against an opponent. They considered this to be a transformative experience, which elevated them perceptually out of the sporting context to a momentary sense of "cutting" the opponent with a real sword. The current findings also offer sport psychology consultants possible context-specific insights (e.g., importance of seme) and strategies (e.g., management of attentional focus, self-regulation techniques) for assisting kenshi in preparing for competitive situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of handheld regalia in showcasing rank and prestige among Yoruba elites, particularly in Ọ̀wọ̀, emphasizing the significance of objects like swords, staffs, and beaded adornments in ceremonial and ritual contexts. It also discusses the cultural history of Ọ̀wọ̀'s hierarchy, the evolution of these symbolic objects from weaponry to regalia, and the ongoing collaboration between artists and titleholders to innovate within traditional practices.

The oldest known European fight book, Royal Armouries MS I.33 has puzzled scholars and sword fighting enthusiasts alike with its occasionally strange looking illustrations. This paper argues that some of them contain multiple view planes or perspectives ‘folded’ into one, as it also occurs elsewhere in contemporary Gothic manuscript painting. To the modern observer who has no first-hand experience of the type of sword fighting depicted, these specialised drawing conventions are difficult to identify and, consequently, to decode. By comparing ostensibly similar situations as they are illustrated in later fight books that employ different artistic means, this paper suggests a new way of looking at I.33’s illustrations that could be relevant beyond the examples discussed here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the methods used by pre-Islamic poets in employing metonymy to describe the power of a sword strike. The scholarly significance of this topic lies in uncovering the rhetorical features and poetic formations used to depict a sword strike among pre-Islamic poets, exploring various expressions for a single meaning, identifying the sources from which these metonymies were derived, and the contexts in which they appeared. The research methodology adopted in this study is the inductive- analytical method, which involves collecting specific instances, classifying them, deriving overarching general principles governing these instances, and then analyzing them to elucidate the components that contributed to their creativity, interpret their contents and implications, and examine their artistic and aesthetic qualities as well as the underlying meanings. The research plan consists of an introduction, followed by a preamble divided into two sections: the relationship between Arabs and their swords, and the importance of metonymy in rhetorical studies. These are followed by two main chapters: the first discusses the metonymy related to the power of a sword strike through its physical or moral impact on humans, while the second chapter examines the metonymy related to the power of a sword strike through other methods. The plan concludes with a conclusion that includes the main findings. Among the key findings of the Study: The metonymic imagery for the power of a sword strike in pre-Islamic poetry was conveyed through multiple methods. Poets' criteria for judging the power of a strike were inspired by the effects of these strikes on various elements from their surrounding environment. These methods were found to fall into two categories: the first focused on measuring the power of a strike through its impact on the human body, while the second described the power of the strike without involving the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stiffness of headed stud shear connectors and distribution of longitudinal shear forces in long sword connections In integral bridge structures, long sword connections are often carried out with many headed studs arranged one behind the other. In such connections the influences from the flexibility of the headed studs lead to a non‐linear distribution of the longitudinal shear forces which is important for the design, particularly in the serviceability limit state and in the limit state of fatigue. The basis for the calculation of such connections is the knowledge of the stiffness of the stud connectors in the ultimate and in the serviceability limit states. Therefore, experimental results, and relations to describe the slip‐behaviour published in the literature are re‐evaluated. The investigations show that in long sword connections the first studs are subjected to very high shear forces, which become relevant for the verifications in the limit states of serviceability and fatigue. A simplified method for a realistic determination of the longitudinal shear forces is presented which considers the relevant parameters e. g. spring stiffness of the studs, the number of studs in a row and the stiffness of the sword and the surrounding concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are considerable studies have been carried out on the characteristics, typologies, and useful features of Bronze Age swords. However, a comprehensive evaluation of these findings has not been made in Troy, which is one of the most important Bronze Age centers in Western Anatolia. Especially the marble and ivory sword pommels, which were found in almost every period of the Troy excavations since Heinrich Schliemann’s excavations, were not evaluated as a whole, and also partially misinterpreted. Contrary to the previous examples, the pommel, found outside of the citadel during the 2019 Troy excavations indicates the widespread use of the aforementioned finds. From the 1871 Heinrich Schliemann excavations until the recent excavations, 21 sword pommels were found in Troy. Particularly, the semi-engraved pommel found in the excavations carried out by in 1988-2005 shows that one of the workshops where these swords were produced was probably in Troy. It seems unlikely that this semi-engraved sample, which stands out as a strong evidence of domestic production, was imported in its current form. The fact that this product is produced in Troy means that we have added a new one to the Mycenaean imitation products produced in Troy. Sword pommels were found quite a lot during excavations, existence of rich weapon production technology in Troy combined with the moat and strong walls shows that Troy could also have an important place in sword production. In this article, the hilt heads of the swords found in the Troy excavations were re-evaluated and interpreted.

Extremely large floods that far exceed previously observed records are often considered virtually "impossible", yet they are an ever-present threat similar to the sword suspended over the head of Damocles in the classical Greek anecdote. Neglecting such floods may lead to emergency situations where society is unprepared and to disastrous consequences. Four reasons why extremely large floods are often considered next to impossible are explored here, including physical (e.g. climate change), psychological, socio-economic and combined reasons. It is argued that the risk associated with an "impossible" flood may often be larger than expected and that a bottom-up approach should be adopted that starts from the people affected and explores possibilities of risk management, giving high priority to social in addition to economic risks. Suggestions are given for managing this risk of a flood considered impossible by addressing the diverse causes of the presumed impossibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a book titled "A Cambridge Spy: Jan-Willem Van Den Braak: Hitler's Spy against Churchill" by Nigel West. The book explores the life of Jan Ter Braak, a Dutch journalist and Nazi sympathizer who spied for the Germans during World War II. The author debunks myths surrounding Ter Braak's identity and actions, revealing that he was not a German spy, assassin, or murderer as previously believed. The book also examines the failures of MI5 in apprehending Ter Braak and highlights missed opportunities in the investigation. [Extracted from the article]

Summary: A new genus and species of anguinid nematode, Cotylenchus cleo gen. n., sp. n., was recovered from leaves of the western sword fern, Polystichum munitum , growing in rainforests in several locations of Olympic National Park, Washington State, USA. This new anguinid nematode induced distinct necrotic and chlorotic symptoms on fern leaves characterised by yellowing, light to brown areas between veins. The new species is characterised by a long and slender body, six incisures in the lateral field, robust stylet (12.0-13.5 μ m) with large and rounded knobs, pyriform to elongate and abutting basal pharyngeal bulb, and long conical tail with pointed terminus; females having posteriorly located vulva (V = 74-80%) and well-developed post-vulval uterine sac (26-59 μ m) and males having spicules 20-23 μ m long. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 18S rRNA and the D2-D3 expansion segments of the 28S rRNA genes showed that this anguinid nematode formed a separate evolutionary lineage different from all other Anguinidae taxa. The new species was also characterised by sequencing the ITS rRNA and COI genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Höyük is the property of Turkish Historical Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The "ceremonial" forms of swords and daggers—that is, bladed weapons decorated with precious metals—occupy a special place in the culture of the early nomads. For the Scythian period, we know at least 76 ceremonial objects from 61 sites, corresponding to 3.5% of the total sample. More than half of the finds come from the northern Black Sea region (mainly Ukraine). Ceremonial forms are represented in all morphological categories (from daggers to extra-long swords), but their distribution is slightly different. Most akinakai belong to the average and long swords. Most Scythian akinakai in Eurasia belong to the dagger and short sword groups. Although most Scythian swords and daggers fall into the Middle Scythian period, most ceremonial forms belong to the last phase of Classical Scythian culture. This period is a veritable "golden autumn" of Scythia with its huge royal burial mounds and abundance of gold, perfectly illustrating our argument that conspicuous consumption coincides with periods of political and social instability. After the peak of the proliferation of ceremonial akinakai in the third quarter of the 4th century BC, we observe a generation later the complete disappearance of Classical Scythian culture, along with its characteristic weapons, horse harnesses, and animal style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A metallurgical study was performed on a 16th–17th century "rapier" sword manufactured in Caino (northern Italy). Metallographic investigations and Vickers microhardness measurements indicate that the rapier was forged by assembling via hammer-welding different hypoeutectoid and near eutectoid steel bars. The rapier blade was heat treated by slack-quenching to increase its hardness, especially near the blade tip, improving the thrusting performance. The chemical composition of slag inclusions was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray dispersive spectroscopy. Compositional data of slag inclusions were analyzed by a multivariate statistical strategy aimed to distinguish and classify slag inclusions on the basis of their origin. It was estimated that the temperature reached during the finery and forging processes was at least 1270 °C and 1160 °C, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The huge scale of the cultural relics unearthed from the Haihun Marquis tomb provides a lot of references for later studies on political, economic, social, and cultural information of the Western Han Dynasty. Research shows that more than 500 jade were unearthed from the Haihun Marquis tomb, including 31 jade sword fixtures. This paper analyzes the artistic connotation of 10 jade sword fixtures of Haihun Marquis through formalistic analysis. The relationship between form and content is mutual tolerance and transformation. Using Feldman's model of formalistic art criticism from description, analysis, interpretation, and judgment to analyze the jade sword fixture of Haihun Marquis. The jade sword fixture of Haihun Marquis is divided into three types, mostly rectangular with both ends bent down and slightly rolled. There are five main types of decoration patterns on the jade sword fixture of Haihun Marquis, mainly with hornless dragon pattern and beast face pattern, and the rest are mostly combined decoration patterns. There are three kinds of composition of jade sword fixtures of Haihun Marquis, mostly symmetrical and "S" - shaped compositions. Through this research, the public will have more understanding of the jade sword fixture of Haihun Marquis and enhance society's understanding of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In two recent studies in Nature , Hör et al. 1 and Chambers et al. 2 report that ubiquitin-like conjugation in bacteria antagonizes phage replication. In two recent studies in Nature , Hör et al. and Chambers et al. report that ubiquitin-like conjugation in bacteria antagonizes phage replication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study is the increased interest of modern researchers in the field of humanities in the problems of interaction between language, culture, and thinking, as well as the need to study in this aspect the interdisciplinary notion of the concept from the position of literature studies. The purpose of the study is to investigate the concepts of "power" and "death" as key units in the conceptual framework of Kazakh writer Yessenberlin's novel The Nomads: The Charmed Sword, and to determine the features of their reflection in the individual author's language picture of the world. The leading method is the method of conceptual analysis, which makes it possible to identify and comprehensively consider concepts in both individual authors and the national picture of the world of the Kazakh people. Within the research, the hierarchical structure of the conceptual framework of Yessenberlin historical novel is presented. The authors calculated associative rows of the concepts composing the novel's conceptual framework and made conclusions concerning the relationships between the studied concepts, as well as the meaning of the central concepts "power" and "death" and the distinction between historical facts and artistic fiction. The main statements and conclusions can be used in the process of teaching philological disciplines in higher education institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, a recently identified form of non-apoptotic cell death, is distinguished by its dependence on iron-triggered lipid peroxidation and accumulation of iron. It has been linked to various disorders, including the development of tumours. Interestingly, ferroptosis appears to exhibit a dual role in the context of tumour growth. This article provides a thorough exploration of the inherent ambivalence within ferroptosis, encompassing both its facilitation and inhibition of tumorous proliferation. It examines potential therapeutic targets associated with ferroptosis, the susceptibility of cancerous cells to ferroptosis, strategies to enhance the efficacy of existing cancer treatments, the interaction between ferroptosis and the immune response to tumours, and the fundamental mechanisms governing ferroptosis-induced tumour progression. A comprehensive understanding of how ferroptosis contributes to tumour biology and the strategic management of its dual nature are crucial for maximizing its therapeutic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focuses on developing a robust and efficient system for suspicious activity detection in adverse weather conditions using the YOLOv7 model. The proposed system intends to annotate potentially hazardous actions within difficult environmental variables such as rain, fog, and crowded settings, including instances of gun use, fighting, and holding weapons like swords. We have designed the model to perform well in challenging weather circumstances, boosting its applicability in real-world scenarios, by utilizing the cutting-edge YOLOv7 architecture. We demonstrate the system's effectiveness in reliably detecting and localizing suspicious actions through thorough testing and evaluation, even in challenging weather and busy locations. The research advances public safety measures by developing a tool that can improve security monitoring and reaction under adverse weather situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since at least the nineteenth century, the Maratha warrior-king Shivaji (r. 1674–80) has served as a central symbol in Indian politics. This article interrogates his legacy through the lens of his famous sword, the Bhavani Talvar. At least three swords have been identified as this weapon since the nineteenth century; by analysing each of these claims in turn, I consider how the discourse around Shivaji's sword(s) traces the evolving legacy of Shivaji himself. Interested less in the historical merits of these claims than in the socio-political work they perform, I seek to uncover why the last of these three, now in London, has become essentially synonymous with the Bhavani Talvar in the popular sphere. Ultimately, I attribute this preference to the object's political resonance: supposedly given to the Prince of Wales by a descendant of Shivaji in 1875, the object has been a rallying cry for Indian politicians of diverse ideological persuasions, who, in demanding its return, have sought to position themselves as the heirs to Shivaji and the healers of a nation still ailing from colonial wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses lacrosse in the Great Lakes region, characterized by the use of a single racket, distinct from the Iroquois variant. The oldest surviving racket, collected by G. C. Beltrami in 1823, is presently preserved at the Caffi Museum in Bergamo, Italy. The Beltrami racket holds considerable cultural significance, not just as the oldest known lacrosse racket from 1823, but also for its unique characteristics. It is about half the size of a typical racket found in the Great Lakes region, and its distinctive features include an indentation at the top of the narrow inner side of the shaft, a pattern of engraved triangles, and a series of fire marks that repeatedly form the number 12. These features conceptually connect it to other items in the same collection, like the ball-headed club, the antler sword club, and the Wabeno double-headed drum. The racket's characteristics imply that it was likely owned by a member of the Wabenowin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BOTICA, Ivan - NEKIĆ, Antun. A Feather or a Sword? About count Novak and His Glagolitic Missal. The paper deals with the life of count Novak Disislavić of the Mogorović kindred, a Croatian nobleman who served as a knight of the Hungarian king Louis of Anjou. It examines his military engagements and cultural contributions and challenges the conventional view of Croatian paleo-Slavic studies, which identifies him primarily as the scribe of the "Missal of count Novak" of 1368. From an early age, Novak actively participated in all of king Louis' military campaigns, demonstrating bravery during sieges and even saving the king himself during a hunt. His bravery was rewarded with possessions, honors and a prestigious position as a knight at the royal court from 1350 at latest. Apart from his military exploits, Novak's role as a judge and advisor in the Kingdom of Dalmatia and Croatia after the expulsion of the Venetians from the eastern Adriatic coast in 1358 strengthened his standing in Croatian society. His cultural contribution is the aforementioned Glagolitic missal, which, as noted in the colophon (f. 269), is attributed to him as the author due to the indication "napisah". This missal is considered one of the exemplary Croatian Glagolitic missals and served as one of the models for the first Glagolitic incunabula in 1483. These are precisely the reasons why Novak could not have transcribed the missal personally, as the production of such a cultural work is extremely complex. As a patron, he was directly involved in its creation and possibly supervised its production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of covert radio agents operating behind enemy lines during World War II has recently taken on a life of its own. In the last five years, there have been no fewer than 16 books written on the subject. It is difficult to pinpoint the reason for the lingering popularity of this genre. Perhaps it is the mystery associated with spies, secrets, clandestine radios, and sabotage, which has been the grist of historical novels and movies for over 80 years. It may also be the fact that highly classified files and documents have been slowly released to the public over the years. Several of the recent authors cite in the prefaces of their books that they are using original information recently uncovered or unclassified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses two different books. The first book, "Mastery of Words and Swords: Negotiating Intellectual Masculinities in Modern China, 1890s-1930s," by Jun Lei, focuses on the study of masculinity in China during a period of transition. The book examines how Chinese male intellectuals sought to reformulate and perform modern manhood ideals in response to colonial discourses and imperialist invasions. The second book, "The Oxford Handbook of South Korean Politics," edited by JeongHun Han, Ramon Pacheco Pardo, and Youngho Cho, explores various aspects of South Korean politics and provides valuable insights into the country's political and economic dynamics. Both books contribute to the fields of Chinese studies, postcolonial studies, and gender and sexuality studies, and offer informative and inspiring perspectives for readers interested in these topics. [Extracted from the article]

Li et al. and Freitas et al. recently identified 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), a sterol produced through the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, as a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from ferroptosis, a cell death pathway triggered by iron-catalyzed phospholipid peroxidation. 1,2 Li et al. and Freitas et al. recently identified 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC), a sterol produced through the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway, as a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cells from ferroptosis, a cell death pathway triggered by iron-catalyzed phospholipid peroxidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"A Cultural History of the Medieval Sword: Power, Piety and Play" by Robert W. Jones is a comprehensive exploration of the cultural significance of medieval swords. The book covers various aspects of swords, including their metaphysical qualities, inscriptions, and symbolism. It also delves into the power dynamics associated with swords, such as their use in rituals and inaugurations. The author examines the falchion, a type of sword that has been understudied, and discusses the non-noble ownership and use of swords in urban spaces. The book also explores the acquisition of martial skill through training and the practical use of swords, as well as their portrayal in modern recreations and popular culture. While the book has some flaws, it offers a valuable and well-rounded perspective on medieval swords as cultural artifacts. [Extracted from the article]

Apuleius' tale of Cupid and Psyche is shown to feature detailed knowledge of ancient magic integrated into the plot, especially the magic of the so-called 'Sword of Dardanus' spell and of other papyri with Middle Platonic content. A recently published gemstone from Perugia testifies to the wide distribution of the 'Sword'. Apuleius' allusion to the erotic spell involves both Cupid and Venus torturing Psyche. Although Venus' intentions are to prevent the bond between the lovers, her actions inadvertently echo those depicted in the 'Sword' and contribute to the couple's eternal union. Ancient magic is therefore shown to be potent and effective, despite Venus' plans. This is a methodology Apuleius is known to use widely, for example in his obvious allusions to, and adaptations of, Hellenistic poetry in the story. Magic joins poetry and philosophy as a category of texts shown to be playfully integrated into Apuleius' construction of the plot of Cupid and Psyche. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

James M. Buchanan's politics-as-exchange retrospectively conceptualized formal institutions emerging from bilateral agreements to establish reciprocal rights and prospectively guided constitutional entrepreneurs to broker Pareto-superior reforms that had unanimous consent. Buchanan believed this conceptualization of politics-as-exchange was necessitated by his ontological–methodological individualism and would initiate a new era of consensual politics, but it is argued it led to illiberal conclusions that reflected dissonance between his Kantian individualism and Humean subjectivism. It meant, for example, that slavery was characterized as a bilateral agreement between very unequal parties and it is argued it logically implied abolition required the consent of slaveowners. But Buchanan's ontology was compatible with the introduction into his framework of a right of exit that would have differentiated between exchanges with and without the sword to produce a consistent liberal constitutionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities is the property of Riwayat: Educational Journal of History & Humanities and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arts Magazine is the property of Thamar University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Extremely large floods, or mega-floods, are often considered virtually 'impossible', yet are an ever-present threat similar to the sword suspended over the head of Damocles in the classical Greek anecdote. Neglecting such floods may lead to emergency situations where society is unprepared, and to disastrous consequences. Four reasons why extremely large floods are often considered next to impossible are explored here, including physical (e.g. climate change), psychological, socio-economic and combined reasons. It is argued that the risk associated with an 'impossible' flood may often be larger than expected, and that a bottom-up approach should be adopted that starts from the people affected and explores possibilities of risk management, giving high priority to social in addition to economic risks. Suggestions are given for managing this risk of a flood considered impossible by addressing the diverse causes of the presumed impossibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

EARLY MEDIEVAL SWORDS have been a popular subject of historic and archaeological study in recent years. Swords have been found within the wealthiest early Anglo-Saxon furnished burials (the 5th–7th centuries ad) and have been recorded as highly decorated objects representing social status. From both archaeological and literary evidence, early medieval swords have been considered as likely 'heirloom status objects', curated and inherited over multiple generations. However, until recently there has been no direct study of the curation of swords. This is due to the problematic chronological nature of sword components, and because almost all are from burial contexts of the early Anglo-Saxon period. This study analysed graves containing swords from Kentish cemeteries of the 5th–7th centuries AD, and identified two examples of potential curation strategies through sword scabbard pieces chronologically older than the depositional context or individual within the grave. The evidence supports the belief that swords were recognisable heirlooms within early medieval communities, displaying the biography of the weapon, owner, and family. The recognition of an heirloom sword within a burial tableau would have been a socially noticeable action, affecting the collective memory of the mourners gathered at the funeral during a time of social and political stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Pen, The Sword, and the Law: Dueling and Democracy in Uruguay" by David S. Parker explores the historical significance of dueling in Uruguayan political culture. Parker argues that dueling, rather than being an archaic practice, served as a modern solution to the tensions inherent in democracy. From 1920 to 1992, dueling was actually permitted under specified circumstances in Uruguay, providing a means for political combatants to settle disputes and stabilize the country's democracy. While acknowledging the distortions and limitations of dueling, Parker's book raises important questions about regulating public discourse in modern democracies. [Extracted from the article]

This paper elucidates the willingness of an autocrat to push through institutional reforms in a context where traditional authorities represented by religious clerics are averse to them and where the military control the means of repression and can potentially stage a coup. We show that although the autocrat always wants to co-opt the military, this is not necessarily true of the clerics. Exclusive co-option of the military obtains where the loyalty of the autocrat's army is strong while the organizational strength of religious movements is rather low. Radical institutional reforms can then be implemented. Empirically, the dominant regime in contemporary Muslim countries is the regime of double co-option where the autocrat resorts to a double-edged tactic: pleasing the official clerics by slowing the pace of reforms and ensuring the loyalty of the military so as to put down clerics-led rebellions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document, published in the journal CardioVascular & Interventional Radiology, discusses a technique called the Crossing Sword Technique for stabilizing the jejunum during percutaneous jejunostomy. Jejunostomy tubes are used to provide enteral nutritional support to patients who cannot undergo percutaneous gastrostomy. However, percutaneous jejunostomy can be challenging due to the mobility of the jejunum. The Crossing Sword Technique involves using multiple 22-gauge needles to immobilize the jejunum and facilitate catheter placement. The technique has been found to be particularly useful in patients without a prior history of surgically placed jejunostomy tubes. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Hidalguía is the property of Revista Hidalguia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Eighth Crusade was launched by Saint Louis against Tunis in Summer 1270. For a few months, the French kingdom and its allies posed a serious threat to the Hafsid regime. Even though they ultimately failed to conquer the capital city, they heavily weakened the rule of al-Mustanṣir (r. 1249–77), emptying his coffers and damaging his prestige. In this paper, we first inventoried the points at stake. Then, we identified the rationale behind the expedition, evaluated the balance of the armed forces, and measured the losses and gains for each side. Second, the sources showed how the authors could depict the situation and assess its aftermath, depending on their political agenda. The Hafsid thurifers tended to minimize the sultan's impotency, while others (e.g., the Mamluks) sometimes harshly criticized it. Third, the courtiers resorted to poetry and satirized "al-Franṣīṣ" for his setback of the Seventh Crusade (1248–1254) which he had led too. They mocked him in famous epigrams that we translated and analyzed. In conclusion, we examined why they concealed the blow. The Literati of the Restoration (ca 1370–1488) strove to portray al-Mustanṣir as a model king for the First Golden Age (until 1277) in a long series of sovereigns that stretched over more than two centuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a cold, windy night, in a sealed, fire-lit room, the mysterious killer carbon monoxide sneaks into the human body in an attempt to take human life. In a time of crisis, the oxygen army defeats the killer. While celebrating his victory, Brother Oxygen discovers that the body is producing carbon monoxide! Shocked, he wants to find out the reason. After the explanation of the little Brother Carbon Monoxide, he learns that carbon monoxide acts as signaling molecules in the body and is responsible for running errands. He also controls the release of neurotransmitter in brain central, responsible for switching valve work. Finally, the two sides understand each other and turn swords into ploughshares. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

War clubs were the preferred fighting weapon because Native American warriors could increase their social status by killing their enemies in single combat. In Mississippian art, they were often depicted in conjunction with images and symbols of war. One type of club, now called a sword club, appears to have originated in the South and perhaps in Mexico. They were also popular among the Iroquois and northern New England tribes. Gunstock clubs, found in the western Great Lakes region and Eastern Prairies, are generally considered a western variant of the sword club. The ball-headed club was also a western variant of the sword club and was common from the mid and northern Atlantic coast to the western Great Lakes. In this context, this article analyses the three war clubs purchased by Beltrami in 1823 in the upper Mississippi and Red River area: a sword club, a ball club, and a gunstock club, now in the Caffi Museum in Bergamo, Italy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The “ceremonial” forms of swords and daggers—that is, bladed weapons decorated with precious metals—occupy a special place in the culture of the early nomads. For the Scythian period, we know at least 76 ceremonial objects from 61 sites, corresponding to 3.5% of the total sample. More than half of the finds come from the northern Black Sea region (mainly Ukraine). Ceremonial forms are represented in all morphological categories (from daggers to extra-long swords), but their distribution is slightly different. Most akinakai belong to the average and long swords. Most Scythian akinakai in Eurasia belong to the dagger and short sword groups. Although most Scythian swords and daggers fall into the Middle Scythian period, most ceremonial forms belong to the last phase of Classical Scythian culture. This period is a veritable “golden autumn” of Scythia with its huge royal burial mounds and abundance of gold, perfectly illustrating our argument that conspicuous consumption coincides with periods of political and social instability. After the peak of the proliferation of ceremonial akinakai in the third quarter of the 4th century BC, we observe a generation later the complete disappearance of Classical Scythian culture, along with its characteristic weapons, horse harnesses, and animal style.

The article informs about a letter to the editor expressing appreciation for Bruce Cameron's balanced article on the inventor of the tank. Topics include the contrasting views presented in Rear-Admiral Sir Murray Sueter's book, "The Evolution of the Tank," available at the Royal United Services Institute of Victoria's library, and an invitation to explore the institute's extensive military collection, featuring items like illustrations from an engineer with the Sudan Expedition in 1885.

This article discusses the challenges faced when using intra-operative neuro-monitoring (IONM) techniques in conjunction with electro-encephalogram (EEG) monitoring during surgeries. The authors present two case studies where the monitoring of depth of anesthesia (DOA) was hindered by artifacts caused by IONM techniques. They highlight the limitations of processed EEG (pEEG) monitors in detecting artifacts and suggest steps to mitigate the problem, such as ensuring proper electrode impedance and placement, and using additional electrodes for EEG assessment. The article emphasizes the importance of being aware of the implications of artifact production in IONM techniques on DOA monitoring. [Extracted from the article]

The claim that the historical Jesus was a violent revolutionary has seen a revival in recent years with the work of Dale Martin and Fernando Bermejo-Rubio. Central to their case is the datum that Jesus's disciples were armed at the time of his arrest in anticipation of their active participation in an end-time battle. However, whilst it can be established that it is likely that the disciples did carry bladed implements that could be used as weapons, when the literary and material-cultural evidence is scrutinised more closely, it is unreasonable to infer that these were intended to be used for apocalyptic ends or that the disciples or anyone else would see them as evidence of military intent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]