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ObjectiveMethodResultsConclusions\nKEYPOINTSTransitioning to university brings challenges and stress that could be mitigated through self-care practices and knowledge and use of mental health services. This study examined these variables in first-year students at an Australian university, exploring any differences between international and domestic students and whether demographic variables and psychological distress influence knowledge and use of mental health services and self-care practices.Participants were 821 first-year students (77.6% female, 25.2% international, Mage = 20.7, SDage = 5.54 years). Measures included the Mental Health Literacy Scale, purpose-written questions about awareness, confidence, and engagement with mental health services, self-care knowledge and use, and PsyCheck. T-tests examined differences between domestic and international students. Hierarchical regression analysis assessed relationships between demographic factors, psychological distress, and mental health-related variables.Compared with international students, domestic students had greater awareness, confidence, and engagement in mental health services, and better self-care knowledge. Demographic variables were associated with mental health outcomes, with limited model strength. Psychological distress was associated with less knowledge and confidence in accessing mental health services yet higher engagement with services, and lower self-care knowledge and use.The findings underscore the need for targeted mental health resources, particularly for international students and those experiencing higher psychological distress.What is already known about this topic:(1) Mental health issues are widespread among university students, but students often display limited knowledge of where to seek help, low engagement in help-seeking, and self-care.(2) Demographic factors such as age and gender, and barriers such as stigma and embarrassment, are associated with general mental health literacy and help-seeking behaviours among university students.(3) International students often show lower levels of awareness and engagement in seeking mental health support than domestic students.What this topic adds:(1) This topic provides up-to-date insights on the state of knowledge and use of mental health services, as well as self-care practices among first-year university students.(2) The study found that domestic students exhibited greater awareness, confidence, and engagement in mental health services, and better self-care knowledge than international students.(3) The study found that first-year students with higher levels of psychological distress had lower knowledge and confidence in accessing mental health services, more engagement with these services, and poorer self-care practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Issue Addressed: The university campus environment is unique and complex, with students and staff members experiencing increasing levels of stress and anxiety over time. One intervention being used internationally to alleviate stress and anxiety is an Animal Assisted Intervention (AAI). This research aimed to explore Australian university students' and staff members' perspectives on an AAI prior to implementation. Methods: This study used an explanatory mixed methods approach. Student participants were recruited through posts on a university's subject sites and via social media. University staff member participants were recruited through emails from managers or department newsletters. Data were collected through an online anonymous survey and subsequent semi‐structured interviews. Quantitative data were analysed with SPSS and qualitative data were analysed via thematic analysis. Results: Data included 344 survey responses and 45 semi‐structured interviews. Survey responses indicated a large majority of participants believe an AAI could promote health on campus. This was due to the range of benefits participants felt an AAI could have on campus (such as reducing stress and anxiety, providing opportunities for a break from work or study, social benefits, and enhancing the university environment). In interviews, participants suggested an AAI could contribute towards a positive university environment and help promote other services on campus; provided it considers those not interested in participating. So What?: If implemented sustainably, an AAI has potential to contribute towards a positive university environment for both staff and students, by potentially reducing the high rates of stress and anxiety the university community are currently experiencing. An AAI could also help to raise awareness of other health services on campus, further contributing towards promoting positive mental health and wellbeing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline in college student mental health has been articulated by counseling center directors and administrators in higher education and has been thoroughly documented by research. Counseling centers have responded with diverse functions and services to holistically address the emotional and behavioral health needs of students. Beyond clinical services, counseling centers have developed services involving comprehensive prevention/outreach, case management, consultation, and collaboration. The question remains: how do students view the importance of such services and functions? The present study addresses this question as follow-up to past research and data that have illuminated the comprehensive nature of campus counseling center services. Findings in this study indicate that students who used campus counseling services, as well as students-in-general, agreed with the importance of the full range of comprehensive counseling center services. Specific responses to service preferences were also investigated (e.g., 24–7 Helpline, counseling services should be free to students). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Almost a third of college students experience significant mental health concerns, but many do not receive adequate services. This study investigated barriers to mental health services among college students screened in a student health center primary care service. Method: Students (N = 1662) presenting for primary care completed mental health screenings and a barrier measure in the student health center of a university. Latent class analysis created barrier profiles. Results: Three barrier profiles were identified (none, logistical, all barriers). Profiles related to gender (p <.001), with logistical/all barrier profiles more likely amongst female students. No significant difference found by race. Students with higher depression scores were more likely to report logistical barriers than no barriers (p <.001). Conclusion: Programs must address multiple barriers to successfully engage students in treatment. Tailored interventions, including in primary care, should assess and respond to individual barriers, not just common ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is the first to report the results of a scan of the official webpages of all public and private colleges and universities in the state of Oregon, including but not limited to student health services webpages and student handbooks, to identify available services, policies, and educational information on HPV vaccination. The purpose is to describe vaccination services (with a focus on the HPV vaccine), prevention efforts, and institutional policies on vaccination on college and university websites in Oregon. An online scan was conducted from September to November 2020 to collect and describe data from college/university websites across Oregon. Colleges/universities were obtained from the National Center for Education Statistics website. The final sample included 48 colleges/universities. Twenty colleges/universities have a health center with 11 providing the HPV vaccine on campus: most are large public universities and non-religious private colleges. A few religious private universities and one community college offer the vaccine on campus. More than half (n = 26) of Oregon colleges/universities had a webpage specifically designated for immunization information, but only 11 mentioned the HPV vaccine on their immunization webpage. Twelve colleges/universities recommend, and none require the vaccine. Information on HPV vaccination services and education was limited on college/university websites, especially on community college and religious private university websites. Most colleges/universities with a student health center recommend and offer the HPV vaccine on campus. College/university websites may be a low-cost and effective medium to increase HPV vaccination awareness, encourage immunizations, and prevent HPV-associated cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractBackground: First-generation college students struggle to navigate the college experience. Prior research suggests that social capital plays a critical role in college success such that students benefit from building networks of support within the university.Objective: We investigated whether social capital, in the form of engagement with university services, had positive implications for college students’ mental health and academic performance, particularly for first-generation college students.Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with both first- and continuing-generation students attending a Hispanic Serving Institution to gain a qualitative, in-depth understanding of the extent to which students took advantage of university services, and whether such engagement promoted their mental health and academic success. Results: Narratives revealed that first-generation students felt uniquely overwhelmed and could benefit from building connections and seeking support. Students emphasized the positive impact of community connections.Conclusion: University-wide programming focused on community building may improve first-generation students’ college experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Implementing research evidence into clinical practice is challenging. This study aim was to explore implementation of two intrapartum trials with compelling findings: BUMPES (position in second stage of labour in nulliparous women with epidural), and RESPITE (remifentanil intravenous patient-controlled analgesia). Methods: A qualitative interview study set in UK National Health Service Trusts and Universities. Purposively sampled investigators from RESPITE and BUMPES trials and clinicians providing intrapartum care: midwives, anaesthetists, and obstetricians, were recruited using existing networks and snowball sampling. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was underpinned by Capability Opportunity Motivation Behaviour Change Framework. Results: Twenty-nine interview participants across 19 maternity units: 11 clinical academics, 10 midwives, 4 obstetricians, 4 anaesthetists. Most (25/29) were aware of one or both trials. BUMPES had been implemented in 4/19 units (one original trial site) and RESPITE in 3/19 units (two trial sites). Access to sufficient resources, training, exposure to interventions, support from leaders, and post-trial dissemination and implementation activities all facilitated uptake of interventions. Some clinicians were opposed to the intervention or disagreed with trial conclusions. However competing priorities in terms of staff time and a plethora of initiatives in maternity care, emerged as a key barrier to implementation. Conclusions: Compelling trial findings were not implemented widely, and numerous barriers and facilitators were identified. Large-scale improvement programmes and evidence-based national guidelines may mean single trials have limited potential to change practice. There is a need to examine how intervention implementation is prioritised to optimise safety outcomes in the context of workforce restrictions, limited resources and large arrays of competing priorities including statutory requirements, that have increased in maternity care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of social pressure and the enhancement of mental health awareness, the mental health issues of college students have become increasingly prominent, attracting social attention. Mental health counseling services, as an important way to alleviate students’ psychological stress, are facing the dual challenges of a shortage of professionals and growing service demands. In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in the field of mental health has gradually risen, and its advantages in data analysis, pattern recognition, and natural language processing provide new solutions for mental health counseling services. However, existing research still faces problems such as insufficient understanding and limited emotional interaction capabilities in practical applications. This paper delves into the application of AI technology in mental health counseling services for college students and innovates and improves upon the deficiencies in existing research. The study focuses on two main areas: First, word vector generation technologies based on statistics and language models are used according to different application scenarios, and their effectiveness in the analysis of mental health counseling texts is compared. Second, an improved Seq2Seq model is proposed to enhance the emotional understanding and interaction capabilities of emotional dialogue generation algorithms in mental health counseling. This study not only provides technological support for college mental health counseling services but also opens new research directions and perspectives for the application of AI in the field of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context Methods Results Conclusion At the beginning of clinical practice, medical students face complex end‐of‐life (EoL) decisions, such as limiting life‐sustaining therapies, which may precipitate emotionally charged moral dilemmas. Previous research shows these dilemmas may cause identity dissonance and impact students' personal and professional development. Despite the prevalence of such dilemmas, medical educators have limited insight into how students navigate these often emotional experiences. This study explores how medical students make sense of and deal with moral dilemmas lived during EoL's care.This cross‐sectional qualitative study used thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke) to analyse interviews with 11 Brazilian final‐year medical students. The interviews followed the drawing of a rich picture representing moral dilemmas experienced by medical students when engaging with EoL care. The reporting of this study follows the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research (SRQR).Participants highlighted four main themes when engaging with EoL care: ‘experiencing death’, ‘making decisions at the end‐of‐life’, ‘connecting versus detaching: an upsetting dilemma’ and ‘being transformed’. They described the emotional overwhelm of experiencing death and the uncertainty in navigating EoL decisions. The central moral dilemma faced was whether to connect with or detach from patients. This dilemma was lived in the context of a hidden curriculum that preaches emotional distancing as a coping mechanism. Developing the moral courage to overcome this barrier and choosing to connect became a transformative experience, significantly impacting their personal and professional development and reinforcing their commitment to patient‐centred care.Connecting with patients in EoL care involves breaking cultural norms to establish meaningful connections with patients aiming for compassionate care. This process may lead to identity dissonance and also represents an opportunity for transformative learning. Educators can support this transformative process by legitimating students' connections with patients, teaching emotional regulation strategies, and leveraging personal experiences to foster trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) is a type of problem-based learning. While IBL aims at reflecting the work of practicing researchers, only some students will pursue an academic career. We therefore designed a course that provides opportunities for IBL by applying participant observation to internship work experience inside and outside academia. Using this internship course as an example, we investigated, how master's students in health science executed an IBL assignment regarding the application of participant observation and presentation of findings. In addition, the understanding of occupational fields provided through the IBL assignment was examined. To determine whether learning objectives were met, a document analysis of IBL assignments comprising presentation slides and field protocols was performed. Within content analysis, a category grid was used examining (a) suitability of chosen research objectives, (b) execution of field protocols, (c) sufficiency of reporting and (d) extent of reflection. 49 IBL assignments from the years 2020–2022 were included. Sides of IBL observations were: (a) organizations providing health care (n = 28); (b) administrations of health care (n = 8); and (c) research institutes (n = 13). Within students' field protocols, the level of detail of descriptions differed. 30 assignments included reflection on the methods used and research experience. In about a third of IBL assignments, indication of observation type, theoretical background and data analysis was missing. Using participant observation of internship work-experience for IBL can serve as a teaching tool for students to develop methodological skills. For future courses, we developed a checklist to strengthen reporting, reflection and use of theory. As internships are often integrated in degree programs in health sciences similar courses could be implemented in different programs, given qualified methodological guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text provides a summary of the winners of the 2023 Military Health System Research Symposium (MHSRS) awards. The awards recognize outstanding research accomplishments in the field of military health system research. The recipients of the Distinguished Service Award were Mr. Richard D. Branson and Dr. Thomas A. Davis. Dr. Steven E. Wilson received the Outstanding Research Accomplishment—Individual/Academia award for his research on vision injuries. Four different teams were awarded the Outstanding Research Accomplishment—Team for their significant research contributions. The text also mentions the winners of the Young Investigator Competition and the MHSRS Poster Competition. The winners come from various institutions and organizations, showcasing a diverse range of research and expertise. [Extracted from the article]

Prostate cancer is a common and serious disease among American men, but it has a high survival rate when detected early. This editorial discusses the factors that contribute to the progression of prostate cancer and its lethality, including abnormalities in the androgen receptor pathway, microRNA, and the bony microenvironment. The authors suggest potential targets for therapy to improve survival in men with advanced prostate cancer. The document also includes information about funding and conflicts of interest, as well as a disclaimer that the views expressed are solely those of the authors. References to other articles and studies on prostate cancer treatment are provided. [Extracted from the article]

The prevalence of diabetes is rising globally these days. Multidisciplinary teamwork for diabetes patients in nursing care is essential to preventing both acute and long-term complications. Additionally, this method of providing services will give students access to modern medical practice while they are in school. 120 students were enrolled in the post-piloted courses and 133 students took the pre-test. Through the Erasmus+ project with international cooperation, we established a "student-run free clinic for diabetic patients" to support the treatment of diabetes, which makes use of the goal attainment scale method and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health framework. Students are ready to offer free services for educational opportunities for other new generations of medical students and medical care to diabetic patients, according to the questionnaire for the student evaluation of the quality insurance of the piloted courses. In addition to offering diabetic patients and their families access to ongoing medical education, the "student-run free clinic for diabetic patients" also offers diabetic patients medical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the rapid advancement of technology, online health care services are becoming increasingly prominent. This study aims to investigate medical students' perceptions, attitudes, and readiness to adopt online health care services. Methods: Based on a literature review, this study constructed a conceptual model describing the relationships among medical students' perception, personality traits, and usage intention, grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model and Technology Readiness Index (TRI). The data for this study were collected from January to February 2023 through a questionnaire survey at Wenzhou Medical University, China. The proposed hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling through AMOS software. Results: Out of the 340 respondents, 281 (82.6%) validly responded. Among these, 58.4% of medical students agreed and strongly agreed with the intention to become an online doctor. Within the TRI's motivational factors, optimism positively and significantly affected perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Innovativeness also significantly enhanced PEOU. Among the inhibitory factors, insecurity was found to have a negative and statistically significant influence on PU. The rest of the dimensions did not have a significant effect on either PU or PEOU. Importantly, both PU and PEOU demonstrated a direct and substantial effect on usage intention. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the significance of comprehending medical students' readiness to adopt the role of online doctors in shaping the future of health care. By equipping medical students with the necessary skills and competencies, health care institutions can effectively leverage the full potential of online health care services while ensuring the provision of high-quality, accessible, and patient-centered care in the digital era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Developing the clinical reasoning skills necessary to becoming an astute diagnostician is essential for medical students. While some medical schools offer longitudinal opportunities for students to practice clinical reasoning during the preclinical curriculum, there remains a paucity of literature fully describing what that curriculum looks like. As a result, medical educators struggle to know what an effective clinical reasoning curriculum should look like, how it should be delivered, how it should be assessed, or what faculty development is necessary to be successful. We present our Introduction to Clinical Reasoning course that is offered throughout the preclinical curriculum of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences. The course introduces clinical reasoning through interactive lectures and 28 case-based small group activities over 15 months. The curriculum is grounded in script theory with a focus on diagnostic reasoning. Specific emphasis is placed on building the student's semantic competence, constructing problem lists, comparing and contrasting similar diagnoses, constructing a summary statement, and formulating a prioritized differential diagnosis the student can defend. Several complementary methods of assessment are utilized across the curriculum. These include assessments of participation, knowledge, and application. The course leverages clinical faculty, graduate medical education trainees, and senior medical students as small group facilitators. Feedback from students and faculty consistently identifies the course as a highly effective and engaging way to teach clinical reasoning. Conclusion Our Introduction to Clinical Reasoning course offers students repeated exposure to well-selected cases to promote their development of clinical reasoning. The course is an example of how clinical reasoning can be taught across the preclinical curriculum without extensive faculty training in medical education or clinical reasoning theory. The course can be adapted into different instructional formats to cover a variety of topics to provide the early learner with sequential exposure and practice in diagnostic reasoning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The field of psychodermatology, which explores the relationship between psychological factors and skin conditions, is an important area of study in medical education and clinical practice. However, healthcare professionals often lack confidence and training in managing psychocutaneous conditions. Studies have shown a high demand for continuing medical education (CME) programs focused on psychodermatology, and initiatives such as video mentoring and clinical skills lessons have shown promise in improving provider expertise and patient outcomes. Challenges in integrating psychodermatology into mainstream CME programs include resource scarcity and patient stigma, which can be addressed through innovative educational strategies and interdisciplinary collaboration. Expanding education in psychodermatology is crucial for providing personalized, patient-centered care. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents the findings of a survey conducted at an outdoor football game to understand sun protection behaviors and barriers among spectators. The survey had a response rate of 90.6% and included questions on demographics, sun protection habits, barriers to use, and history of skin examination. The results showed that older individuals used more sun protection methods compared to younger individuals, and women were more likely to use sunscreen and get skin checks by a dermatologist. The overall rate of sunscreen use was high, but participants aged 18-23 and men were less likely to use sun protection. The article suggests targeted interventions to promote sun safety, increase skin health literacy among college-aged students, and encourage more men to adopt sun-protective practices. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: University psychological counselling services represent a frontline defence to detect, treat or refer students with a wide range of (clinical and non‐clinical) difficulties. Nevertheless, only few studies describe their impact on academic self‐efficacy and report follow‐up data. Evidence on students' actual access to further psychological support in times of hardship is also scant and most needed. This study aimed to fill these gaps, exploring the stability of improvement in clinical conditions in a wide sample of university students and reporting post‐intervention referrals to mental health services. Methods: In a longitudinal study, 218 students who accessed a psychological counselling service at the University of Milano‐Bicocca between 2015 and 2019 completed an assessment at the beginning (T0), conclusion (T1) and 6 months after (T2) a brief cognitive behavioural intervention. The assessment included psychological symptoms, general distress, emotion dysregulation and academic self‐efficacy. Information about students' choices to continue a psychological intervention in other services was also collected and contrasted with the counsellor's indication. Results: At follow‐up, the improvement in academic self‐efficacy remained stable, with more than 60% of the students maintaining a reliable clinical change, and nearly half of them reporting having accessed (or being willing to contact) a mental health service outside the university services. Conclusion: These findings highlight the key role of counselling services in addressing students' distress and academic performances in the long term and in building bridges with mental health services outside the university system for students who need longer and specialised treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic required a “rethinking and retooling” of many educational interactions, especially in schools that offer primarily face-to-face educational models. The sudden necessity for altering teaching formats and styles created challenges and opportunities for faculty and their students. There is little understanding of the impact the abrupt switch had on faculty and students, or the process by which the transition took place. The purpose of this study was to develop a theory about the impact on and the processes used by faculty for implementing online education in response to the pandemic. A total of 24 faculty members from a private southeastern university in the United States that primarily uses a face-to-face educational model were interviewed. The grounded theory methods of Corbin and Strauss (2015) and Charmaz (2014) were used to inform the inquiry. The unexpected transition to online teaching impacted faculty and students personally, professionally, and academically. Faculty readiness to teach online was highly dependent on perceptions of self-efficacy, which in turn affected their perceptions of the transition. Study findings reinforce the need for university administrators to provide faculty with structured pedagogical support, specifically, technological and instructional design assistance, dedicated time to learn and incorporate instructional changes, and mental health services to care for themselves and their students during times of crisis. Determining the process by which the transition took place provides insight regarding both transition facilitators and barriers, which can inform future educational delivery and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is gaining prominence in the field of medicine with potential benefits in diagnosis, treatment, and medical education. However, the extent to which medical students are informed about AI, their attitudes toward the integration of AI with medicine, and their engagement in AI-related practices remains an essential aspect yet to be explored. Aims and Objectives: This study aims at assessing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of AI among medical students in a tertiary care hospital and understanding the perspectives of students toward AI as a teaching tool and in medical practice. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study using an online survey consisting of closed-ended questions under categories of demographical data, knowledge, attitude, practice, and discussion among medical students of a government medical college and hospital in Kallakurichi. Results: Among 150 participants of the study, 74.16% were found to have a basic knowledge of AI cumulatively. 49.33% of the participants reported that they expected a positive impact of AI in health care; 14.0% shared that AI could have a negative impact on existing healthcare practices; and the remaining 36.67% were impartial toward the outcome of AI integration. 10.67% of participants were extremely confident in their AI skills in medical practice; 26% reported that they were somewhat confident; 45.33% believed that they could adapt if needed; and 18% were uncertain of it. Finally, 17.33% were accepting toward AI evaluating their clinical skills, 36.0% were in strong denial of AI-based evaluation, and 46.67% agreed that it could be useful in some specific cases. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study highlights the current level of knowledge and attitudes of medical students toward AI. Incorporating AI tools and knowledge into medical education may lead to more informed and positively inclined future health-care professionals who can harness the potential benefits of AI in health care and advance medical knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) contribute significantly among underlying reasons of morbidity and mortality in the health-care system. ADR reporting is the core of pharmacovigilance program but still insufficient reporting by health professionals exists in various part of our country. Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of undergraduate medical students about ADR and pharmacovigilance. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study. Questionnaire was comprising 21 questions to evaluate the KAP of pharmacovigilance among undergraduate medical students. Descriptive statistics were analyzed and analysis of variance test was applied for statistical difference between the groups. Results: One hundred and eighty-six students participated in the study. The average score of 2nd year, 3rd year, and 4th year for knowledge was (4.50, 5.15, and 4.59) and for attitude was (5.37, 5.70, and 5.59) and for practice was (1.14, 1.78, and 1.36). There is a significant difference in average score between groups for knowledge and attitude, but not for practice. They have higher attitude and knowledge, but poor practice regarding pharmacovigilance. Conclusion: Respondent of the study was not completely aware of pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. There is an increased need to create awareness and to train students about pharmacovigilance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical decision-making is often evaluated in the literature through deontological and teleological approaches, commonly referred to as ethical positions. Ethical decision-making requires an awareness of ethical sensitivity and ethical dilemmas. It involves understanding the emotional experiences of others and assisting them. In cases of alexithymia, where there is difficulty in understanding and expressing emotional experiences, empathy may be limited, and emotions may not be effectively used. In this research, the impact of the level of alexithymia on ethical positions in students of the School of Health Services, along with demographic variables, was evaluated. In this descriptive research using a quantitative research approach, data was obtained using the "Ethical Position Scale-EPQ" and the "Toronto Alexithymia Scale-TAS." Analysis was performed using the reliability testing, t-test, One-Way ANOVA Test, LSD multiple comparison test, and Pearson Correlation and Regression Analysis test were used. In ethical decision-making, it has been found that women are more idealistic than men, while men tend to be more alexithymic and deficient in outward thinking. As students' levels of alexithymia increase, they are determined to adopt a more relativistic approach. It has been observed that relativism increases and idealism decreases significantly among individuals with high alexithymia scores. These findings indicate that the level of alexithymia has a significant impact on ethical positions. The fact that individuals with high levels of alexithymia adopt a subjective position that is less concerned with the consequences of an action on others and resembles egoism suggests that these individuals may have difficulty in empathizing due to emotional inadequacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health professionals have always had essential duties in earthquake events experienced from the past to the present. Possible earthquake expectations make sustainable earthquake awareness and attitudes of students, who are future healthcare professionals, influential. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship between the earthquake knowledge level of university students and their sustainable earthquake awareness levels. A descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2023 with 546 students in the School of Health Services. Data were collected using the Student Information Form, Earthquake Knowledge Level Scale, and Sustainable Earthquake Awareness Scale. Percentage means standard deviations, Mann-Whitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis analysis, Bonferroni correction, Tamhane's T2 test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used for data evaluation. Before answering the study questions, informed consent was obtained from the students after obtaining ethical committee approval. Among the participants, 82.1% were female, with a mean age of 20.78 ± 2.17. 55.7% of the students had experienced an earthquake, 19.2% had lost a loved one in an earthquake, and 5.5% had participated in earthquake response efforts. Students' earthquake knowledge level was found to be above the midpoint, while sustainable earthquake awareness was found to be below the midpoint. The level of earthquake knowledge, knowledge of the distribution of earthquake zones and knowledge of earthquake effects were higher in those who took part in the earthquake. In males, knowledge of the distribution of earthquake zones was significantly higher. Knowledge of earthquake effects was significantly higher in those who experienced an earthquake and those who lost a relative in an earthquake. A positively moderate and significant correlation was found between earthquake knowledge level and sustainable earthquake awareness. The earthquake knowledge level of the students is medium, while their sustainable earthquake awareness needs to be higher. As the level of earthquake knowledge increases, sustainable earthquake awareness rises. The effect of earthquake experience on knowledge and awareness shows that applied training will contribute to sustainable earthquake awareness in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Implications for School Health Policy, Practice, and Equity Conclusion The COVID‐19 pandemic significantly impacted students' education, mental health, and social well‐being. Our research explores the experiences and perceptions of teachers and counselors of the psychological impact of COVID‐19 school closures on secondary school students after returning to school.In this qualitative study, 21 teachers and counselors in Iran were purposefully involved and interviewed in‐depth using a semi‐structured format. The data was analyzed using Van Manen's 6‐step phenomenological method, and Lincoln and Guba's criteria were implemented to maintain accuracy and trustworthiness.We have identified 15 categories and 6 themes. These themes encompass issues such as low self‐esteem due to emotional or psychological damage, instability within schools, challenges faced by students with family problems, lack of motivation and patience among students, frustration experienced by students, and emotional detachment.To effectively guide and educate students, teachers and counselors must prioritize the psychological well‐being of students absent from school due to illness or pandemics. They must also take adequate measures to address any arising psychological complications.Teachers and counselors must recognize and consider the psychological consequences of students absent; this will help develop effective measures to address and alleviate psychological complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that up to 1 in 20 people in the United States may have a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), or the array of physical, cognitive, emotional, and social disorders caused by exposure to alcohol during prenatal development (May et al., JAMA 319:474–82, 2018). While this condition is present in a broad range of individuals and families, it has not previously been examined in the military community, where cultural factors including an increased prevalence of alcohol misuse may pose a unique set of challenges (Health.mil, Alcohol misuse, 2024). The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), in conjunction with FASD United, hosted the second annual Workshop on Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevention and Clinical Guidelines Research on 20 September 2023 in Washington, DC. Organized as part of a four-year, federally-funded health services research initiative on FASD in the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Military Health System (MHS), the workshop provided a forum for exploring the initiative's focus and progress; examining current knowledge and practice in the research and clinical spheres; and identifying potential strategies to further improve prevention, screening, diagnosis, interventions, and family support. Building off of the 2022 workshop that covered the state of the science surrounding prenatal alcohol exposure and FASD, the 2023 focused primarily on FASD and efforts aimed at identification and management (Koehlmoos et al., BMC Proc 17 Suppl 12:19, 2023). One hundred and thirty attendees from academia, healthcare, federal agencies, and patient advocacy organizations gathered to share research findings; learn from lived experiences; and discuss initiatives to advance research, screening, and services for at-risk pregnant women as well as families and caregivers supporting individuals with FASD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMaterials and methodsResultsConclusionsTo evaluate the prevalence of psychosocial factors in higher education students with musculoskeletal pain and whether these factors are associated with physical function.Participants were higher education students with musculoskeletal pain. The data were collected using questionnaires: the Patient-Specific Functional Scale, the Short Form of the Örebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (ÖMPSQ-SF) and the Mental Health Index (MHI-5). The associations were analysed using a generalised linear model, adjusted for the region of Finnish Student Health Service in Finland, age, level of education and field of study.A total of 242 women and 104 men (N = 346, mean age 28 ± 8 years) participated in the study. The prevalence of psychosocial factors varied from 16% to 25% among women and 14% to 18% among men, depending on the measurement tool used. Psychosocial factors were associated with lower physical function in women (p = .011) and men (p < .001) when measured with ÖMPSQ-SF, but not with MHI-5.Psychosocial factors are prevalent among higher education students experiencing musculoskeletal pain. Furthermore, psychosocial factors exhibit an association with lower physical function when assessed using the ÖMPSQ-SF but not when using the MHI-5. These findings emphasise the importance of addressing psychosocial factors through screening in direct access physiotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shift to remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic presented significant mental health challenges for college students, particularly for students with minoritized identities. The current study used quantitative and qualitative methods to examine how psychological distress and barriers to mental healthcare shifted for first-generation college students (FGCS) as the pandemic affected campuses in Spring 2020. FGCS across three college settings (N = 314) responded to surveys in December 2019 and again following the onset of the pandemic in May/June 2020. A sub-sample of 28 participants also provided in-depth interviews . Results showed an increase in depressive symptoms and perceived stress following the onset of the pandemic, with Latinx and female FGCS reporting greater increases in stress compared to other groups. FGCS were significantly less confident in their knowledge about where to seek mental health support following the onset of the pandemic, and mental healthcare utilization dropped significantly as well. Interviews highlighted specific stressors contributing to mental health, as well as key barriers to mental healthcare that intensified during the pandemic. These findings inform our understanding of the mental health needs of college students with minoritized identities, and have implications for policies and procedures around provision of mental health services on university campuses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Design Methods Data Sources Results Conclusion Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care Impact Reporting Method To synthesize evidence on healthcare professionals' experiences of competencies in mentoring undergraduate healthcare, social care and medical students during their interprofessional clinical practice.This review was conducted by the JBI methodology for systematic reviews of qualitative evidence.Studies were included if they were based on the phenomenon of interest and used qualitative or mixed methods (qualitative share). The included studies were critically appraised using the standardized JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist. Qualitative research findings were extracted and synthesized using the meta‐aggregation approach.Five databases (CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Medic and ProQuest) were systematically searched from each database's inception on 28 June 2023.A total of 5164 studies were initially screened, and 25 were identified for inclusion in this review. Three synthesized findings were identified: competencies related to (1) preparing for and developing interprofessional clinical practice, (2) supporting the learning process in interprofessional clinical practice and (3) creating an interprofessional mentor identity.Although competent mentors are essential to implementing and developing interprofessional clinical practice, some mentors find interprofessional mentoring challenging. High‐quality interprofessional mentoring requires specific competence that differs from profession‐specific and individual mentoring.To ensure that interprofessional clinical practice is of high quality and strengthens students' professional and interprofessional growth, special attention should be given to mentors' interprofessional mentoring competence, and a range of opportunities and organizational structures should be provided for competence development.This systematic review provides insights into the specific competencies required for interprofessional mentoring. These findings can support healthcare professionals, educators and policymakers in developing interprofessional clinical practice and mentoring competence.This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis (PRISMA) statement and ENTREQ reporting guidelines.No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to Identify the quality of working life and its impact on the quality of health services provided at the Yemeni University of Science and Technology Hospital, the research used the descriptive approach (case study and the study was limited All workers at the University of Science and Technology Hospital (medical and administrative) amounting to (1150) individuals, where a simple random sample of them (297) individuals was chosen, and a soft sample was chosen from the beneficiaries (patients) whose number reached (247) individuals. The study tool was The questionnaire and for analyzing the data, the research used the SPSS program ، and the study reached several results, most notably. The level of quality of working life In general (average). Opportunities for promotion and career advancement, wages and bonuses). The level of quality of health services in general (high) from the point of view of the hospital staff as well as the beneficiaries (patients). -There is a statistically significant effect for each of the eight dimensions of the quality of working life on the quality of health services for the employees of the University of Science and Technology Hospital. Acceptance – the second main hypothesis, which states that "there are no statistically significant differences between the opinions of the study sample about the level of quality of work life due to the following variables (type, academic qualification, nature of work, job title, years. Experience). - Accepting the third main hypothesis, which states that “there are no statistically significant differences between the opinions of the study sample about the level of quality of health services provided due to the following variables (type, academic qualification, nature of work, job title، years of experience. -There are statistically significant differences between the responses of the sample members (workers and beneficiaries) towards the level of quality of health services provided with regard to the two dimensions. (tangibility) (reliability) The differences were in favor of the beneficiaries. There are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the respondents (workers and beneficiaries) towards the level of quality of health services provided with regard to the dimensions of (response) (safety) (empathy) (quality of health services provided), thus rejecting the fourth main hypothesis and accepting the alternative hypothesis، which states that there are Statistically significant differences between the opinions of employees and beneficiaries about the level of quality of health services provided at the University of Science and Technology Hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of college students in many ways, especially a decrease in leisure time exercise and an increase in sedentary behavior resulting in an increase in stress, particularly in college students enrolled at a Hispanic-serving Institution in New York City. The objective of this quantitative study was to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' physical activity, sedentary behavior, and perceived stress. A questionnaire was administered to 883 college students to collect leisure exercise and sedentary behavior prior to March 2020 and in April 2022, along with the impact of the pandemic on stress in April 2022. Findings indicated that the closures and isolation guidelines during the pandemic negatively impacted Black, Indigenous, and people of color's (BIPOC) physical activity and sedentary behavior similarly to their White peers. Without the facilities and services that higher education institutions normally provide, such as recreational and fitness programming, college students were left on their own to find ways to maintain their active routines, which resulted in higher levels of stress after 2 years of campus closures. Governmental and higher education leadership should better consider the impact of closing their college campuses and limiting access to essential services on college student health and well-being in future acute health crises, particularly among the most vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to develop a mobile application to assess the psychological well-being of university students. Material and Methods: Using an innovative and interdisciplinary approach, this study follows a rigorous methodology from September 2022 to June 2023. The development of the mobile application followed a systematic and structured process to ensure functionality, usability, and reliability. Throughout all stages of development, professional support was sought from information technology to ensure the technical robustness, reliability, and effectiveness of the application. The study embraces four developmental stages including needs identification, technical development, intervention design, and promotion. These stages ensure a studentcentered approach, while the application itself offers insights into depression, anxiety, stress, relationship violence attitudes, addiction, Internet addiction, sleep quality, and eating disorders. Results: A unique and all-inclusive mobile application was created to assess and enhance the psychological well-being of university students. With the real-time emotion monitoring feature of the application, students may keep an eye on their present emotional states and develop selfawareness. If long-term negative emotions are detected, the early warning system is activated and implemented. It provides uninterrupted referrals to qualified professionals for immediate response and support in emergency situations and an enhanced feedback mechanism for user complaints and suggestions. It also provides sensitive evaluation and triage processes by creating an anonymous system record to provide instant support, when necessary. The application also includes stress management guidance for students. Conclusion: This application provides real-time data that offers mental health professionals a comprehensive overview of students' psychological states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dysmenorrhea and its associated pain disable adolescents in their daily activities and also affect the social and mental behavior. The vehement practice of self-medication alarms health-care professionals for conducting periodic awareness programs. Aims and Objectives: We aimed to assess the knowledge about dysmenorrhea and to compare the level of understanding and practices among medical students. Materials and Methods: It was a prospective, observational, cross-sectional, and questionnaire-based study conducted among medical students in a tertiary care hospital. Results: There was no difference in distribution regarding knowledge and attitude of the study population toward dysmenorrhea among the three groups regarding treatment of dysmenorrhea and health education. In contrast, response about contraindications and adverse effects of medications used was observed in only half of the 1st-year students. Half of the study participants, daily activities were affected and led to absenteeism. The negative emotions such as depression, anger, anxiety, and irritability are most noted and the majority of the students felt like distancing themselves during menstruation. Conclusion: The present study concludes that dysmenorrhea, a major problem among adolescents, had an impact on the quality of life including psychological disturbances. Thus, the awareness patterns and practices need to be analyzed periodically among adolescents for better improvement and management of dysmenorrhea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin is an important barrier of the human body, which offers protection from pathogens, UV radiation, and chemical and mechanical injury. Solar UV radiation is the major cause of extrinsic skin aging and it leads to many acute and chronic cutaneous reactions. Dermoscope is an instrument that helps to visualize the morphological features unseen to the naked eye, using the principle of transillumination and magnification of skin. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to study the skin changes associated with sun exposure on the lateral and medial aspects of the forearm using dermoscope. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study of 82 1st-year MBBS students belonging to 18-25 years of age was conducted at Government Medical College, Thrissur, after getting ethics committee approval. Sample size calculated was 76. With the help of a questionnaire, personal details and details related to the sun exposure habits of the subjects were obtained. Dermoscopic photographs of the lateral and medial side of the forearm were taken after informed consent. Results: Chi-square test showed significant changes in pigmentation pattern and hair pattern on the lateral side of the forearm among subjects who had sun exposure for more than half an hour which was not found on the medial side. Conclusion: Photoaged skin appears coarse with uneven pigmentation. Dermoscopy allows the assessment of subtle morphological features of skin aging. Monitoring skin changes due to sun exposure among our population helps in the early identification of abnormal patterns with sun exposure which needs immediate medical attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This narrative review will explore the evolution of the Exercise is Medicine on Campus (EIM-OC) initiative, in general, while focusing specifically on the EIM-OC program at a gold-level recognized university through three main research questions. Established in 2016, this referral-based program offers a physical activity assessment and promotion element that incorporates yearly EIM-OC-supported events aimed at positively affecting academics, retention, and other related markers of individual participants. Interdisciplinary and cross-campus partnerships support this program with referral pathways, wellness event collaborations, participant interventions, and financial support. This EIM-OC program seeks to expand beyond student health services and other entry areas toward a self-referral model supported by trained mentors. The EIM-OC program supports the educational and professional development of individuals training to be health professionals while inspiring participants to consider a positive view of aging through movement as a healthy, normal part of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveCommunity college students engage in more risky sexual behavior compared to their four-year counterparts, yet have access to fewer reproductive health services. The study's purpose was to examine whether California Community College student health centers' participation in Family PACT, a state publicly-funded family planning program, increased reproductive health services to community colleges students.ParticipantsCalifornia community college student health centers.MethodsBivariate analyses of student health centers with and without Family PACT participation and qualitative analysis of five participating campuses.ResultsAmong the 60 colleges in the study, 25 student health centers participated in the Family PACT program. Family PACT campuses reported greater provision of sexual and reproductive health services and higher levels of staffing and revenue.ConclusionsKey benefits of Family PACT participation among community colleges include expansion of sexual and reproductive health services to an underserved population and increased student health centers' financial sustainability.

To investigate the impact of public health emergencies on the prevalence of suicidal ideation among healthcare workers (HCWs) and medical students. The prevalence of suicidal ideation among HCWs and medical students was searched for analysis. The platforms included PubMed, medRVix, bioRvix, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and Web of Science. Interrupted time-series analysis was employed to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the prevalence and trends of suicidal ideation. To account for autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity, Newey-West standard errors were utilized with a lag of order one. Seventy studies with 145,641 HCWs and medical students from 30 countries were included in the final analysis, with 30 studies before COVID-19 and 40 studies during the pandemic. Before the pandemic outbreak (April 2020), the monthly increasing rate was 0.063 % (95 % CI: −0.009 %, 0.135 %, z = 1.73, P = 0.084). The tendency of suicidal ideation prevalence increased by 1.116 % (95%CI: 0.888 %, 1.344 %, z = 9.60, P < 0.001). In other words, the calculated monthly growth rate of suicidal ideation after the pandemic outbreak is 1.179 % (95%CI: 0.968 %, 1.391 %, z = 10.93, P < 0.001) per month. The overall growing trend of prevalence of suicidal ideation during the pandemic is 1.896 % per month in America; 1.590 % in Europe; 0.443 % (95%CI: 0.213 %, 0.673 %, z = 3.77, P < 0.001) in Asia; 1.055 % in HCWs; and 0.645 % in medical students. This study highlights that the COVID-19 pandemic can significantly impact the prevalence of suicidal ideation among HCWs and medical students, and the prevalence showed an upward trend. • Suicidal ideation is a common psychological problem in HCWs and medical students. • The prevalence of suicidal ideation of HCWs and medical students showed an upward trend. • An increasing trend of suicidal ideation was associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. • The paper speculated that public health emergencies can affect the suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study is part of the Student Counselling Outcomes Research and Evaluation (SCORE) initiative that is pooling university counselling service data to improve datasets and evidence for counselling in this sector. This study aimed to explore university counselling staff views about which data should be included in a national minimum data standard (MDS) to provide evidence for counselling in the sector. Method: Semi‐structured focus groups were conducted with university counselling staff including counsellors, service leaders and mental health advisors. They explored data to include in an MDS, current data collection practices, service and sector level data collection barriers. Two researchers performed content analysis involving identifying fields for inclusion. Thematic analysis was used to identify contextual issues surrounding data collection. Ten focus groups were conducted with 41 participants across 26 university counselling services. Results: Content analysis identified fields of information for the MDS within the categories of student characteristics, demographics, clinical assessment and service evaluation. Thematic analysis explored context and culture surrounding data collection, barriers and facilitators, institutional influence and ideal data collection practices. This highlights the need for service support and training around data collection, clear processes, and adequate IT infrastructure and staff resources. Discussion: These findings will inform the development of an MDS as part of the SCORE study. The next stage will involve further development of the MDS and piloting in services. The longer term aim is to implement an MDS across university counselling services, enabling the growth of evidence for the sector which may allow increased funding and service provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experience mental health concerns at a higher prevalence rate than the general population, yet mental health professionals have limited education, training and experience in counselling individuals with ASD. Methods: To better understand the unique mental health concerns this population encounters, this qualitative study explored the experiences of 102 college students with ASD as they considered, attended and stopped counselling. Results: Specifically, this study investigated the motives the participants reported for attending counselling, the reasons professionals indicated that the participants should attend counselling, the barriers the participants were confronted with in seeking counselling and the causes for terminating counselling. Conclusion: Based on these findings, implications for counselling this population and future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of horticultural therapy to university campuses has gradually become an effective way to promote college students' interaction with nature, improve their health and increase the quality of their study environment. However, many current studies have focused on measuring and evaluating the physical and mental health benefits of horticultural therapy programmes for college students, while less attention has been paid to exploring how to implement such programmes in a planned and sustainable manner. The main purpose of this study is to construct an evaluation system for the implementation of horticultural therapy programmes on university campuses, so as to better guide the sustainable development of campus horticultural therapy. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the Delphi method were combined in this study. Delphi method was used to carry out two rounds of consultation for 10 experts, to select and revise indicators at all levels and establish an evaluation system. Expert and college student opinions were combined to determine the weight of indicators at each level using AHP. The evaluation system constructed by Delphi method included 4 indicators in the criteria layer and 12 indicators in the indicator layer. The weight analysis of AHP showed that horticultural therapy plan (0.341) was most important in the criteria layer, followed by the natural healing environment (0.289), the horticultural therapy team (0.190) and post-maintenance management (0.180). In conclusion, the evaluation system constructed systematically sorts out the elements of conducting horticultural therapy programmes on Chinese university campuses, which has good application and promotion value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In California, all four-year public colleges have adopted 100% smoke-/tobacco-free policies (TFP) whereas community colleges (CCs), particularly rural CCs, are less likely to have tobacco-free environments. This raises concerns about health equity, particularly because smoking prevalence is higher in rural areas compared to urban. We examined policy adoption barriers and facilitators for rural California CCs with the aim of providing lessons learned to support TFP adoption by rural CCs and improve conditions for student health and well-being.Methods: A multiple case study of four CCs in California with (n = 2) and without (n = 2) TFPs was conducted. Semi-structured interviews with 12 campus and community stakeholders, school administrative data, and policy-relevant documents were analyzed at the case level with comparison across cases to identify key barriers, facilitators and campus-specific experiences. Results: All four CCs shared similar barriers to policy adoption including concerns about wildfires, individual rights, and fear of marginalizing people who smoke on campus. These CCs have experienced serious wildfires in the last ten years, have high community smoking prevalence, and fewer school resources for student health. For the two tobacco-free CCs, long-term wildfire mitigation efforts along with leadership support, campus/community partnerships and a collective approach involving diverse campus sectors were essential facilitators in successful TFP adoption. Conclusion: Study results underscore contextual pressures and campus dynamics that impact tobacco control efforts at colleges in rural communities. Strategies to advance college TFP adoption and implementation should recognize rural cultural and community priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consultations with children and their families are complex and require soft skills. However, there is a gap in the medical curriculum concerning these skills, especially as encounter training is often adult-centered. We developed, validated, and applied simulation scenarios that prioritize active participation of children to train soft skills in child-centered care for undergraduate medical students. This is a methodological study to develop three scenarios and a checklist of what is expected. The content was validated by 18 experts. A pre-test was carried out for adjustments. Then, the simulations were applied and evaluated by 18 medical undergraduate students. They included the participation of 6 pediatric simulated patients aged 9–12 years trained by a drama teacher. According to the results, the scenarios and checklist proved to be valid instruments in content terms (ICV-I > 0.8). The scripts were followed by the simulated pediatric patients, but they had difficulty mimicking a hypoactive state. Some were anxious, but everyone enjoyed participating in the feedback. The simulated parents had difficulty participating and giving space to the child's speech. Participants assessed that the simulations performed as they were proposed and, after experimenting them, felt more prepared. The simulations provided an opportunity for students to practice soft skills by interacting with children in a safe environment. Using children as simulated patients is feasible but presents some challenges. Our study has expanded the ways in which children's health content can be taught. We are investigating whether this training leads to better patient outcomes in real clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The diet quality of the US population is significantly unhealthy, with critical long-term implications for the nation's health. A few studies have explored diet quality in the future primary care workforce. This cross-sectional study quantifies the diet quality of medical students and primary care residents at a Midwestern college of medicine in the United States. Methods: 250 medical students and 148 primary care residents were surveyed electronically utilizing the Rapid Eating Assessment for Participants—Shortened Version (REAP-S). The survey consists of 13 questions that can be scored on a scale from 1 to 3, along with 3 questions that are not scored. The average REAP-S score for a US omnivorous diet is 32 (range 13 to 39) with higher scores indicating a higher quality diet. We obtained average REAP-S scores for all respondents and descriptive summary statistics for individual REAP-S items. Students' REAP-S total scores were compared to those of residents and the interaction between student/resident status and BMI category on REAP-S total scores were analyzed using analyses of variance. Differences between students and residents on BMI categories and other outcomes (individual REAP-S items, pandemic dietary and weight changes) were analyzed using Chi-Square Tests of Independence or Fisher's Exact Tests. Results: Medical students (n = 99; 39.6% response rate) had a significantly higher mean REAP-S score (30.5, SD = 3.9) than primary care residents (n = 72; 49% response rate) (mean = 28.6, SD = 3.9; p = 0.006). Total mean REAP-S scores were significantly higher for those with BMI < 25 (mean = 30.8, SD = 3.7) than for those with BMI > = 25 (mean = 28.3, SD = 4.0; p < 0.001). There was not a statistically significant interaction between role (student vs. resident) and BMI category on total REAP-S scores (p = 0.39). Most respondents (89.3%) indicated that they were willing to improve their diet. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the diet quality of surveyed medical students and primary care residents, as quantified by the REAP-S, is suboptimal. Early detection and improvement of diet quality may be necessary for our medical profession trainees to avert potential long-term adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes, and to optimize the health of our future primary care workforce. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Sleep Condition Indicator (SCI), an insomnia measurement tool based on the updated Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria with sound psychometric properties when applied in various populations, was evaluated here among healthcare students longitudinally, to demonstrate its measurement properties and invariance in this particularly high-risk population. Methods: Healthcare students of a Chinese university were recruited into this two-wave longitudinal study, completing the simplified Chinese version of the SCI (SCI-SC), Chinese Regularity, Satisfaction, Alertness, Timing, Efficiency, Duration (RU_SATED-C) scale, Chinese Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4-C), and sociodemographic variables questionnaire (Q-SV) between September and November 2022. Structural validity, measurement invariance (MI), convergent and discriminant validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability of the SCI-SC were examined. Subgroups of gender, age, home location, part-time job, physical exercise, and stress-coping strategy were surveyed twice to test cross-sectional and longitudinal MI. Results: We identified 343 valid responses (62.9% female, mean age = 19.650 ± 1.414 years) with a time interval of seven days. The two-factor structure was considered satisfactory (comparative fit index = 0.953–0.989, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.931–0.984, root means square error of approximation = 0.040–0.092, standardized root mean square residual = 0.039–0.054), which mostly endorsed strict invariance except for part-time job subgroups, hence establishing longitudinal invariance. The SCI-SC presented acceptable convergent validity with the RU_SATED-C scale (r ≥ 0.500), discriminant validity with the PHQ-4-C (0.300 ≤ r < 0.500), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.811–0.835, McDonald's omega = 0.805–0.832), and test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.829). Conclusion: The SCI-SC is an appropriate screening instrument available for assessing insomnia symptoms among healthcare students, and the promising measurement properties provide additional evidence about validity and reliability for detecting insomnia in healthcare students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

University represents a time of both great uncertainty and change as well as a time of opportunity and learning. University students represent a population both at a higher risk of experiencing poormental health and diagnosis and a population with relatively greater access and communication of both mental health literacy resources and mental health support services. Despite this, we consistently see low intention of help-seeking for mental health services or health services, with a clear preference shown for personal contacts such as friends or parents. To understand help-seeking intentions and their relationship with well-being, the current study explored two core hypotheses, when assessing a broad range of help-seeking options, the likelihood of seeking support froma range of sources will cluster together to create help-seeking groupings that can be further explored (1) and that across these help-seeking factors, there would be difference in intention score across students who fall within "at-risk," "low," or "normal to high" well-being groupings (2). Through a series of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a subsample (N = 178) and final confirmatory factor analysis (N = 1597) identified five helpseeking factors: Intimate Partner (single item), Personal Relations (friends, parents, and other relatives), External Health Service (external mental health provider and health provider), University Health Service (university mental health and health provider), and Digital and Distal Professional (digital apps, websites or forums, telehealth, religious leaders, and phone or online emergency services). To address hypothesis 2, a multivariate analysis of covariance was run to assess help-seeking intentions across factors between students with "at-risk" (N = 453), "low" (N = 484), or "normal to high" (N = 563) well-being scores. Although significant differences were found between groups on almost all help-seeking factors (except External Health Service), the differences between groups were small. However, consistently those with "normal to high" well-being demonstrated higher intention to seek help compared to "low" and "at-risk" groups. Across all groups, Personal Relations demonstrated the highest average help-seeking intention score and, in addition to supporting findings in previous literature, represents a potential "lowest hanging fruit" of help-seeking source for university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to examine whether online interactive communication education using video materials was as effective as face-to-face education among healthcare college students. Methods: The participants were healthcare college students who were enrolled in study programs to obtain national medical licenses. They participated in lectures and exercises on healthcare communication, both online (n = 139) and face-to-face (n = 132). Listening skills, understanding, and confidence in healthcare communication were assessed using a self-assessed tool. Results: From the two-way ANOVA result, the interaction effects between group (online, face-to-face) and time (Time 1, Time 2, Time 3) were not statistically significant. The main effect of time increased significantly from Time1 to Time 3 on understanding of communication with patients (Hedges'g = 0.51, 95%CI 0.27–0.75), confidence in communication with patients (g = 0.40, 95%CI 0.16–0.64), and confidence in clinical practice (g = 0.49, 95%CI 0.25, 0.73), while the score of listening skills had no significant change (Hedges'g = 0.09, 95%CI − 0.03 to 0.45). Conclusions: The results show that online communication education with video materials and active exercises is as effective in improving students' confidence as face-to-face. It will be necessary to modify the content of this educational program to improve skills as well as confidence in communication. Trial registration: Not Applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Pakistani Youth and Their Current Financial Needs. Do We Have a Plan?" discusses the financial crisis in Pakistan, particularly affecting the youth due to inflation, rising debt, and lack of financial resources. The article highlights the impact of financial stress on mental health, academic performance, and overall well-being of students. It also introduces SHAW Pakistan, an initiative providing health promotion, counseling, and e-mental health services to students in Pakistan. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of addressing financial stress among students through coping mechanisms and seeking professional assistance. [Extracted from the article]

Many people are experiencing serious health-related suffering that would benefit from palliative care. However, this service is inaccessible or underdeveloped in many parts of the world. One of the main starting points for introducing or developing palliative care services is improving awareness and participation in palliative care in the community. A group of clinicians from diverse backgrounds discussed how to implement this and this paper is a culmination of ideas arising from these conversations. For awareness building, social media campaigns, awareness at food festivals, national palliative care day programs, sharing stories and testimonials to stimulate conversations regarding palliative care and a "human library" project were described. For improving community participation, community volunteer development programs, the "adopt a grandma" initiative, medical student palliative care project, workshops and training for non-communicable diseases and community nursing cross-specialty collaborations are suggested. It is hoped that these proposals will stimulate further ideas and support the implementation of palliative care in different settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Integration of supportive, palliative, and hospice care with other medical and non-medical specialties" provides a comprehensive overview of various research articles and case reports related to palliative medicine. The articles cover topics such as the readiness of hospice and oncology staff to offer spiritual support, the relationship between spiritual care and compassion among clergy and hospice staff, the standard of patient care for Alzheimer's disease in Brunei Darussalam, and the quality of life for colorectal cancer patients in Poland. The article emphasizes the importance of palliative care in different settings and addresses specific challenges in providing care for patients with certain conditions. It also highlights a conference in Poland that aimed to promote interdisciplinary collaboration and improve the quality of care for patients and their families. [Extracted from the article]

Objectives: Examines whether a personality characteristic, need for approval, moderates the relationship between harassment exposure and alcohol misuse over time in a college sample, and compare the results between genders. Participants: Six waves of data (fall 2011 to fall 2015) were collected from 1,240 study participants sampled from eight colleges and universities in the Midwestern United States. Methods: Two-level mixed modeling was conducted separately for exposure to sexual and generalized harassment and modeled separately for women and men. Results: In men only, need for approval significantly moderated the relationship between generalized harassment and binge drinking over time, where a higher need for approval put male students at increased risk. Conclusions: Harassment is a risk factor contributing to high levels of drinking among college students. School counseling centers and mental health professionals should take this factor into consideration, as well as individual personality characteristics when addressing student health and wellness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]