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Copyright of Hudební Výchova is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• This study is the first time attempting to convert music to biomolecules. • A novel notion termed musical protein (MP) –– the protein defined by music –– is proposed. • A computational strategy to map the time sequence of music onto the spatial architecture of proteins is described. • Some designed MPs are confirmed to have biological functions. Music, the ubiquitous language across human cultures, is traditionally considered as a form of art but has been linked to biomolecules in recent years. However, previous efforts have only been addressed on sonification of nucleic acids and proteins to produce so-called life music, the soundscape from the basic building blocks of life. In this study, we attempted to, for the first time, conduct a reverse operation of this process, i.e. conversion of music to protein (CoMtP). A novel notion termed musical protein (MP) –– the protein defined by music –– was proposed and, on this basis, we described a computational strategy to map the time sequence of music onto the spatial architecture of proteins, which considered that each note in the stave of a music (target) can be simply characterized by two acoustical quantities and that each residue in the primary sequence of a protein (hit) was represented by amino acid descriptors. A simulated annealing (SA) algorithm was applied to iteratively generate the best matched MP hit for a music target and structural bioinformatics was then used to model spatial advanced structure for the resulting MP. We also demonstrated that some small MPs derived from music segments may have potential biological functions, which, for example, can serve as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) to inhibit clinical bacterial strains with moderate or high antibacterial potency. This work may benefit many aspects; for example, it would open a door for the hearing-impaired persons to 'listen' music in a biological vision and could be a mean of exposing students to the concepts of biomolecules at an earlier age through the use of auditory characteristics. The CoMtP would also facilitate the rational design of proteins with biological and medicinal significance. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A group of twelfth-century timbers was found re-used as joists in a mid sixteenth-century house on the Lincolnshire Wolds. It is suggested that they were first prepared for use in the nearby priory of Sixhills and dendro-provenancing indicates they are likely to have come from trees in Sherwood Forest. The timber is notably straight-grown. The fine condition of the timber allowed conclusions to be drawn about the tools used to hew it. The joists seem to have originated in a stave structure. The wider evidence for this form of building in England is reviewed and evidence for comparable stave buildings, including the church at Greensted, is considered. It is argued that stave construction was rarely used because of the careful preparation required and the quantity of timber needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oak barrels serve two purposes in the production of distilled spirits: storage containers and reaction vessels. It is the latter function which bestows barrel aged spirits with their unique and highly sought after flavour profiles. However, achieving consistent flavour profiles between barrels is notoriously difficult as no two barrels are comprised of the same source of oak. Source variation is due to a range of factors, beginning with the genetic and topographical background of the oak tree from which the barrel staves originate, the spatial region of the tree from which the stave was taken and continuing through each step of the barrel production process. In this review, we detail each source of variation and highlight how this variation affects the reactants present in the barrel staves. The effect of pyrolysis on biomass is explored and how this knowledge relates to barrels that undergo the practices of toasting and charring is discussed. We also detail the significance of variation in the availability of reactants during the maturation process. The goal of writing this review is to identify areas of needed research, stimulate research and encourage investigation into the possibility of creating barrels with more consistent properties. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of the Institute of Brewing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institute of Brewing & Distilling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The temperature rise of air when it passes through the air channel of a photovoltaic thermal (PVT) system is exponential. Hence, for a constant available heat transfer area, the rise in air temperature in the trailing portion of the air channel is lower when compared with the temperature rise in the initial portion of the channel. This problem was addressed in the present work by introducing three longitudinal staves (vertical thin metal sheets) in the trailing portion of the air channel and the performance of a single pass PVT air system was investigated experimentally. The experiments were conducted in the location of Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India during the months of June to November in the year of 2017. The experimental results also demonstrate that the use of longitudinal staves in the trailing portion effectively increase the air outlet temperature. For an air inlet temperature of 29 °C, the maximum possible outlet air temperature with and without staves was about 34 °C and 30.7 °C respectively. An indigenous PVT data monitoring system was developed with ATMEL MEGA 2560 microcontroller to monitor PV cell temperature, air inlet and outlet temperatures, current and voltage of the PV system and pressure drop. Highlights • Outlet air temperature is increased by using staves in the trailing portion of air channel of PVT system. • The difference in PV temperature is increased to 10 °C with staves from 5 °C without staves. • PV panel temperature decreased in the trailing portion due to the presence of staves. • The PV power yield is increased by 2 W in PVT system with staves. • PVT data monitoring system was developed with ATMEL MEGA 2560 microcontroller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The structural design of silicon-based particle detectors is governed by competing demands of reducing mass while maximizing stability and accuracy. These demands can only be met by fiber reinforced composite laminates (CFRP). As detecting sensors and electronics become lower mass, the motivation to reduce structure as a proportion of overall mass pushes modern detector structures to the lower limits of composite ply thickness, while demanding maximum stiffness. However, classical approaches to composite laminate design require symmetric laminates and flat structures, in order to minimize warping during fabrication. This constraint of symmetry in laminate design, and a “flat plate” approach to fabrication, results in more massive structures. This study presents an approach to fabricating stable and accurate, geometrically complex composite structures by bonding warped, asymmetric, but ultra-thin component laminates together in an accurate tool, achieving final overall precision normally associated with planar structures. This technique has been used to fabricate a prototype “I-beam” that supports two layers of detecting elements, while being up to 20times stiffer and up to 30% lower mass than comparable, independent planar structures (typically known as “staves”). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Preparing for the high luminosity LHC phase, the ATLAS experiment will upgrade its Pixel Detector with the installation of a new pixel layer. The new sub detector, called the Insertable B-Layer (IBL), will be installed during the LHC first shut down in 2013–2014, in between the innermost current pixel layer and the beampipe. To cope with the high radiation and pixel occupancy due to the proximity to the interaction point, a new readout chip FE-I4 and two different silicon sensor technologies, planar and 3D have been developed. Furthermore, the physics performance should be improved through the reduction of pixel size and a new mechanical support using lightweight staves. Two pre-series staves were made in order to qualify the assembly procedure, the loaded module electrical integrity and the readout chain before going into production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An electronic tongue based on voltammetric sensors has been used to discriminate between red wines aged in oak barrels and red wines matured in steel tanks in contact with oak wood chips. The quality of wines has also been analyzed by means of conventional chemical methods. Principal component analysis has demonstrated that both methods allow discriminating wines according to the type of ageing. Moreover, partial least squares (PLS) regression has demonstrated that measurements carried out with the electronic system allow establishing prediction models that are capable to infer the methodology used to age wines. Good correlations have been found between the signals obtained with the electronic tongue and the chemical parameters. Moreover, the electrochemical signals have been successfully employed to estimate chemical parameters related to the polyphenolic content or the pH such as the tannins content. Both the calibration and the validation values obtained by using partial least squares (PLS2) regression method, indicate a good-quality model performance (slope near 1, off set near 0 and large correlation between sensors and categorized variables). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The barrel part of the ATLAS pixel detector consists of 112 carbon–carbon structures called “staves” with 13 hybrid detector modules being glued on each stave. The demands on the glue joints are high, both in terms of mechanical precision and thermal contact. To achieve this precision, a custom-made semi-automated mounting machine has been constructed in Wuppertal, which provides a precision in the order of tens of microns. As this is the last stage of the detector assembly providing an opportunity for comprehensive tests, a detailed procedure has been defined for assessing both mechanical and electrical properties. This note gives an overview of the procedure for affixation and tests, and summarizes the first results of the production. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A new silicon detector was designed by the CDF collaboration for Run IIb of the Tevatron at Fermilab. The main building block of the new detector is a "supermodule" or "stave", an innovative, compact and lightweight structure of several readout hybrids and sensors with a bus cable running directly underneath the sensors to carry power, data, and control signals to and from the hybrids. The hybrids use a new, radiation-hard readout chip, the SVX4 chip. A number of SVX4 chips, readout hybrids, sensors, and supermodules were produced and tested in preproduction. The performance (including radiation-hardness) and yield of these components met or exceeded all design goals. The detector design goals, solutions, and performance results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]