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In this paper, SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -Ca(Sr/Zn)O-Na 2 O-F system glasses with varying CaO:SrO and CaO:ZnO ratios were prepared by traditional melting method, which combined the remineralization properties of bioglass with the special functions of Zn2+ and Sr2+. The evolution of glass composition and its thermal properties, network structure, and biological properties was investigated by DSC, FTIR, and biological experiment. The results showed that all the extracts of glass powder could promote the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs). Among them, the two kinds of glass containing 6 wt% SrO and only 2 wt% ZnO had the greatest potential to accelerate the bone tissue reconstruction. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining histological results showed that 3 months after the two kinds of glass were implanted in the animal model of periapical inflammation, the bone matrix formed a good seal in the apical foramen, and new bone and capillaries were formed in the apical area, which has a clinical application and transformation prospect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ceramic materials studied in this paper consist of finely dispersed crystalline phases embedded in a glassy matrix, which is similar to glass-ceramic materials, porcelain, and VC products. The strength depends then not only on the properties of the individual crystalline phases but also on their interactions and the matrix. Differences in mechanical properties for materials with similar chemical compositions are most likely related to diverging microstructures. Crystal orientation, grain-size distribution and shape, the ratio of the glass matrix to the crystalline phase, and homogeneity control the flexural strength of glass-ceramic materials. The subject of the study is whiteware ceramic materials from the SiO 2 –Al 2 O 3 –Na 2 O–K 2 O–MgO–SrO system, fired similarly to the regime used for VC products. The effect of the type of alkali oxide and the share of SrO were tested. This paper presents the results of hot-stage microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with a micro-analyzer (SEM-EDS) and biaxial flexural strength measurements. Additionally, nanoindentation technique was used to access local mechanical properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthomonas species infect many important crops and cause huge yield loss. These pathogens deliver transcription activator-like (TAL) effectors into the cytoplasm of plant cells. TAL effectors move to host nuclei, directly bind to the promoters of host susceptible genes, and activate their transcription. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TAL effectors induce host transcription remain unclear. We herein demonstrated that TAL effectors interacted with the SIMILAR TO RCD ONE (SRO) family proteins OsSRO1a and OsSRO1b in nuclei. A transactivation assay using rice protoplasts indicated that OsSRO1a and OsSRO1b enhanced the activation of the OsSWEET14 promoter by the TAL effector AvrXa7. The AvrXa7-mediated expression of OsSWEET14 was significantly reduced in ossro1a mutants. However, the overexpression of OsSRO1a increased disease resistance by up-regulating the expression of defense-related genes, such as WRKY62 and PBZ1. This was attributed to OsSRO1a and OsSRO1b also enhancing the transcriptional activity of WRKY45, a direct regulator of WRKY62 expression. Therefore, OsSRO1a and OsSRO1b appear to positively contribute to transcription mediated by bacterial TAL effectors and rice transcription factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deep sowing is a traditional method for drought resistance in maize production, and mesocotyl elongation is strongly associated with the ability of maize to germinate from deep soil. However, little is known about the functional genes and mechanisms regulating maize mesocotyl elongation. In the present study, we identified a plant‐specific SIMILAR TO RCD‐ONE (SRO) protein family member, ZmSRO1e, involved in maize mesocotyl elongation. The expression of ZmSRO1e is strongly inhibited upon transfer from dark to white light. The loss‐of‐function zmsro1e mutant exhibited a dramatically shorter mesocotyl than the wild‐type in both constant light and darkness, while overexpression of ZmSRO1e significantly promoted mesocotyl elongation, indicating that ZmSRO1e positively regulates mesocotyl elongation. We showed that ZmSRO1e physically interacted with ZmbZIP61, an ortholog of Arabidopsis ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5 (HY5) and showed a function similar to that of HY5 in regulating photomorphogenesis. We found that ZmSRO1e repressed the transcriptional activity of ZmbZIP61 toward target genes involved in the regulation of cell expansion, such as ZmEXPB4 and ZmEXPB6, by interfering with the binding of ZmbZIP61 to the promoters of target genes. Our results provide a new understanding of the mechanism by which SRO regulates photomorphogenesis and highlight its potential application in deep sowing‐resistant breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate the use of SrO/TiO2 nano‐catalysts in the one‐pot production of valuable products (such as fatty acid methyl esters, oxygenates, hydrocarbons, and aromatics) from Chlorella vulgaris microalgae through a supercritical process. The research focused on examining the impact of the factors, the SrO to TiO2 ratio, preparation method, and calcination temperature on the catalytic performance. Two calcination temperatures (600°C and 850°C), two Sr:Ti molar ratios (1 and 2), and two catalyst preparation methods (photochemical and impregnation) were considered. The catalysts were characterized using Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, x‐ray crystallography, and Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller techniques. The evaluation of catalyst performance primarily focused on the production of value‐added products, particularly fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). The results indicated that the catalyst prepared using the photochemical method with a Sr:Ti molar ratio of 2 and calcined at 850°C exhibited superior performance in terms of FAMEs and oxygenates production. It was demonstrated that the catalyst prepared using the photochemical method with higher Sr:Ti ratio had better performances in the production of biodiesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline earth metal oxide (MgO, CaO, SrO) catalysts supported on BEA zeolite were prepared by a wet impregnation method and tested in the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol towards the formation of biodiesel (FAMEs—fatty acid methyl esters). To assess the influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the catalytic activity in the tested reaction, a BEA zeolite carrier material with different Si/Al ratios was used. The prepared catalysts were tested in the transesterification reaction at temperatures of 180 °C and 220 °C using a molar ratio of methanol/oil reagents of 9:1. The transesterification process was carried out for 2 h with the catalyst mass of 0.5 g. The oil conversion value and efficiency towards FAME formation were determined using the HPLC technique. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using the following research techniques: CO2-TPD, XRD, BET, FTIR, and SEM-EDS. The results of the catalytic activity showed that higher activity in the tested process was confirmed for the catalysts supported on the BEA zeolite characterized by the highest silica/alumina ratio for the reaction carried out at a temperature of 220 °C. The most active zeolite catalyst was the 10% CaO/BEA system (Si/Al = 300), which showed the highest triglyceride (TG) conversion of 90.5% and the second highest FAME yield of 94.6% in the transesterification reaction carried out at 220 °C. The high activity of this system is associated with its alkalinity, high value of the specific surface area, the size of the active phase crystallites, and its characteristic sorption properties in relation to methanol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SrO has attracted attention for its use as a heterogeneous catalyst in producing biodiesel from transesterification owing to its high alkaline character and low solubility in methanol. In studies conducted in this decade, reaction conditions such as the methanol–oil molar ratio, reaction time, catalyst loading and temperature have been optimized in these systems. Furthermore, several works have been carried out to improve the physicochemical properties and increase the leaching resistance of this material. Thus, the new trends in using SrO in transesterification reactions are that this oxide should be supported or combined with Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2, or Fe2O3, CaO, metal–organic frameworks, zeolites or La2O3. It has been observed that strontium can form mixed crystalline phases with these oxides by increasing the (M2+O2−) pairs and Lewis basicity of the oxygens, resulting in increased basicity and catalytic activity. Moreover, the transition metal oxides may provide Lewis acidity. Hence, these strontium‐containing catalytic systems have demonstrated a bifunctionality that can perform esterification and transesterification reactions at the same time. In addition, the combination of these oxides decreases the leaching of the catalyst. Other materials such as metal–organic frameworks, zeolites, and La2O3 have been studied as SrO supports, showing that they can be used in oil transesterification reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article works with a definition of care that encompasses expansive models of kinship and collective and communal life. Specifically, it explores representations of such interdependencies in the liminal space of the single‐room occupancy hotel (SRO) through the literary and artistic creations of two understudied African American artists. Fiction writer Robert Dean Pharr and visual artist Frederick Weston created their work in SROs in New York City beginning in the 1960s, during a time of massive transformation of the city's built environment in the name of urban renewal. Their novels and artwork, respectively, provide some of the only uncovered (to date) literary and cultural representations of New York City's SROs. Pharr's and Weston's works memorialize rituals of survival that center care and interdependencies over and against competitive individualism and a climate of uncare. Further, both explicitly articulate this vision by working with conceptual and material waste. Trash is their literal and metaphoric medium. These artists relied upon what is seen as surplus value by the city. But as Pharr and Weston use it, trash offers a critique of negative assumptions about the lives of SRO residents. The pandemic has shocked us into awareness of our inescapable interdependencies. Therefore, it behooves us to revisit these understudied, early proponents of care—an ethics that today's mutual aid and other liberation movements often center. Pharr's and Weston's documentation and interpretation of care offer us ways to survive within our current environments in crisis without repeating the death‐making logic and history of urban renewal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, school resource officers (SROs) and their role in the context of school safety have become a popular topic of research. In this study, we analyze data from 31,156 students from over 100 schools in Kentucky to better understand how students perceive SROs in their school environment. The findings reveal that males, students who liked having an SRO at their school, students who saw their SRO at several locations on campus during the typical school day, and students who viewed their SRO as more than a law enforcer had a higher opinion of the SRO working at their school. Interestingly, school-level variables had no impact on these relationships. Implications for policy and future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background SRO (Similar to RCD1) genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth, development, and in responding to environmental stresses. However, genome-wide identification and functional characterization of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so far. Results A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton species. Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct structure. Syntenic and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribution of GaSRO, GrSRO, GhSRO, and GbSRO genes on A2, D5 genomes, Gh-At, Gh-Dt, Gb-At, and Gb-Dt subgenomes, respectively. Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO genes. In promoter analysis, several elements responsive to the growth, development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes, implying gene induction during cotton growth and development. Several miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO genes. Organ-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more tissues. In addition, specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes during ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental processes. Conclusion The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton.

Background: SRO (Similar to RCD1) genes family is largely recognized for their importance in the growth, development, and in responding to environmental stresses. However, genome-wide identification and functional characterization of SRO genes from cotton species have not been reported so far. Results: A total of 36 SRO genes were identified from four cotton species. Phylogenetic analysis divided these genes into three groups with distinct structure. Syntenic and chromosomal distribution analysis indicated uneven distribution of GaSRO, GrSRO, GhSRO, and GbSRO genes on A2, D5 genomes, Gh-At, Gh-Dt, Gb-At, and Gb-Dt subgenomes, respectively. Gene duplication analysis revealed the presence of six duplicated gene pairs among GhSRO genes. In promoter analysis, several elements responsive to the growth, development and hormones were found in GhSRO genes, implying gene induction during cotton growth and development. Several miRNAs responsive to plant growth and abiotic stress were predicted to target 12 GhSRO genes. Organ-specific expression profiling demonstrated the roles of GhSRO genes in one or more tissues. In addition, specific expression pattern of some GhSRO genes during ovule development depicted their involvement in these developmental processes. Conclusion: The data presented in this report laid a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of SRO genes in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the link between zero-tolerance policies and the school-to-prison pipeline from the perspective of school resource officers. Zero-tolerance policies are disciplinary measures that exacerbate the school-to-prison pipeline by treating students like potential criminals and forcing them out of the educational system. Prior research has investigated the perspectives of students, teachers, principals, and the general public regarding school resource officers. However, there exists a research gap concerning the perceptions of school resource officers themselves regarding their role within the educational system. Semi-structured interviews were completed with a purposive sample (n = 25) of school resources officers from the Midwest. Some SROs emphasized the counselor/mentor role to provide emotional support to students, others were more inclined toward problem-solving or law enforcement and focused on rules enforcement. SROs express diverse views on the impact of zero-tolerance policies, with some acknowledging harm to students' success and others displaying indifference or cynicism, often attributing responsibility to parents, teachers, or the students themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alkaline earth metal oxide (MgO, CaO, SrO) catalysts supported on BEA zeolite were prepared by a wet impregnation method and tested in the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol towards the formation of biodiesel (FAMEs—fatty acid methyl esters). To assess the influence of the SiO2/Al2O3 ratio on the catalytic activity in the tested reaction, a BEA zeolite carrier material with different Si/Al ratios was used. The prepared catalysts were tested in the transesterification reaction at temperatures of 180 °C and 220 °C using a molar ratio of methanol/oil reagents of 9:1. The transesterification process was carried out for 2 h with the catalyst mass of 0.5 g. The oil conversion value and efficiency towards FAME formation were determined using the HPLC technique. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were determined using the following research techniques: CO2-TPD, XRD, BET, FTIR, and SEM-EDS. The results of the catalytic activity showed that higher activity in the tested process was confirmed for the catalysts supported on the BEA zeolite characterized by the highest silica/alumina ratio for the reaction carried out at a temperature of 220 °C. The most active zeolite catalyst was the 10% CaO/BEA system (Si/Al = 300), which showed the highest triglyceride (TG) conversion of 90.5% and the second highest FAME yield of 94.6% in the transesterification reaction carried out at 220 °C. The high activity of this system is associated with its alkalinity, high value of the specific surface area, the size of the active phase crystallites, and its characteristic sorption properties in relation to methanol.

In this research, the effect of strontium oxide (SrO) and hydroxyapatite (HA) on the properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) have been studied. MTA contained 20% SiO2, 60% CaO, and 2% Al2O3. Bi2O3 and SrO have been added with 18% (w/w) total percentage. MTA was prepared with a sol-gel process using a weak base (NH3) as a catalyst and calcined at 1000 °C for 3 h. The effect of HA was investigated by adding various percentages (3, 6, and 9%) on the MTA modified with 5% SrO. The modified MTA (MTA-SrO-HA) products were hydrated using water with the MTA to water weight ratio of 3:1. The results showed that tricalcium silicate (C3S), dicalcium silicate (C2S), Bi2O3, and strontium silicate peaks were detected in the XRD patterns. An increase in the intensity in the infrared spectra of CaO occurred after hybridization with HA. In addition, bonding of Ca-O-Si appeared at 879 and 995 cm−1, indicating the formation of cement. MTA modified with 5% SrO and 6% HA showed similar compressive strength to the commercial MTA (ProRoot brand). Furthermore, MTA-SrO5/HA6 showed a strong interface interaction with dentin adheres without any gaps, indicating a potential dental material for the future.

Recent advances in nanotechnology applications require the processing of high-quality thin films. A systematic study of the optimization of Pulsed deposition parameters for (110) oriented tetragonal PZT thin films is reported in this work. Prior to film deposition, a highly tetragonal Pb(Zr0.5, Ti0.95) or PZT 05/95 was selected to be deposited on (110) oriented Strontium titanate, SrTiO3 substrate, STO(110) to insure small compressive misfit strain. Unlike SRO, the LSOM bottom electrode was then successfully grown at 620 °C, 1.0 J/cm2 and a target-substrate distance of 3.9 cm. Finally, deposition parameters of PZT were progressively optimized through monitoring film morphological changes. Monocrystalline PZT films of different thicknesses with layer-by-layer growth mode were finally realized at a deposition temperature of 550 °C, laser energy of 1.0 J/cm2, background pressure of 200 mTorr O2, while deposition rate was 3 Hz and target-substrate distance of 3.1 cm. The optimal film growth rate was finally estimated to be 0.3 nm/100 Pulses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity and S-tolerance of monometallic and bimetallic Ir–Pd catalysts with different atomic ratio (Ir/Pd = 0.5, 1 and 2) and the same total metal content (1 wt%) supported on SiO2–Al2O3 were studied in the hydroconversion of decalin. In the absence of sulfur, bimetallic catalysts showed less activity and selectivity to decalin ring opening products compared to the iridium monometallic catalyst. However they exhibited a greater tolerance to thiophene poisoning (S = 10 ppm). The catalysts with Ir/Pd = 1 and 2 (atomic ratio), with similar metal dispersion, had better resistance to sulfur. The optimal ratio found, Ir/Pd = 1, could be related to the formation of bimetallic particles and an adequate acidity. The total acidity of the catalysts decreased with an increasing Ir/Pd atomic ratio. The addition of sulfur did not significantly modify the selectivity to ring opening products but reduced the formation of dehydrogenated (undesirable) and cracking products. The distribution of the cracking products confirmed that in the absence of S the metallic function controls the decalin ring opening mechanism, except with the monometallic Pd catalyst. With the addition of S the acid function predominates because the activity results correlate with the acidity of the catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first of its kind Strontium oxide–Magnesium Oxide–Indium oxide (SMI) nanocomposites were synthesized utilizing a bio-mediated method with E u p h o r b i a t i r u c a l l i latex as a reducing agent, followed by calcination. Synthesis of SMI NCs is confirmed by Bragg reflections of SrO, MgO, and In 2 O 3 , among them peaks belonging to In 2 O 3 are observed to be prominent. The crystallite size, and other parameters like dislocation density, strain, structural factor, and crystallinity were estimated. Due to lower surface energy and the adhesion of particles with weak forces, morphology of the surface contains a larger degree of agglomeration. The direct energy band gap was determined to be 3.18 eV. Furthermore, the PL (photoluminescence) emission spectra, CIE, and CCT coordinates strongly indicate high-intensity emission in the region of blue color. Dusting of powder reveals latent fingerprints. Synthesized SMI nanocomposite exhibits highly-resolved patterns in the form of ridges used to analyze specific latent fingerprints with clarity. Thus, the recently synthesized nanocomposite may have been used in forensics, fluorescence labeling, and blue light emission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barium-strontium niobate Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 epitaxial thin films with SrRuO3 epitaxial bottom electrode were sputtered on MgO(001) substrates by RF cathode deposition in an oxygen atmosphere. The produced Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6/SrRuO3/MgO is a high quality heterostructure without any impurity phases. The formation of domains with two orientations is observed in the Sr0.5Ba0.5Nb2O6 layer. In both layers of the heterostructure, there are rather strong deformations of unit cells. Hysteresis in the ε'/ε0(T, f) temperature dependences was found at the room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Herein, intense red electroluminescence (674 nm) in a La 0.7 Sr 0.3 MnO 3 (LSMO)-SrRuO 3 (SRO) thin films heterostructure obtained by RF-magnetron sputtering is reported for the first time. This novel phenomenon may open a new door in the field of optoelectronics and new generation devices based on multiferroic heterostructure. The structural properties were analyzed using grazing incidence x-ray diffraction demonstrating a rhombohedral structure for LSMO with (024) preferential orientation and an orthorhombic structure for SRO films with (121) preferential orientation. Raman and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results demonstrated a mix of phases present in LSMO thin films. The thickness analysis was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in cross section and the thickness was found to be 123 nm and 49 nm for LSMO and SRO, respectively. XPS analysis for LSMO revealed that point defects associate to Mn cations and oxygen vacancies modify the total electrical conductivity and due to Mott transitions, suggest a p-type semiconductor behavior. For the SRO film, the XPS analysis demonstrated a change in the stoichiometry of the film surface, which provides a large amount of oxygen vacancies indicating a metal oxide transition with effects that involve multiple degrees of freedom (charge, spin, and lattice). The electrical behavior observed in the heterostructure corresponds to a metal-semiconductor junction showing a Schottky conduction mechanism in positive bias and a space charge limited conduction mechanism in negative bias. The red electroluminescence effect is discussed considering both a radiative recombination process occurred at the interface due to the presence of Mn2+ ions and an energy transfer mechanism assisted by the migration of the high amount of oxygen vacancies present in the interface. • Red electroluminescence was obtained for the first time in a LSMO-SRO heterostructure. • The electrical behavior is attributed to a Mott transition effect in the LSMO. • The electroluminescence effect is discussed considering the presence of Mn2+ ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to offer a better understanding of the unique structural, mechanical, optical and nuclear radiation attenuation properties exhibited by newly produced (B 2 O 3) (70-x) (SrO) x (Na 2 O) 10) (BaO) 10 (CaO) 10 glasses, where x = 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 %. For this purpose, after The XRD measurements confirmed the non-crystalline nature of the glass structures, it was noted that the substitution of B 2 O 3 with SrO increased the density of SrO glasses in the range of 2.915 g/cm3- 3.304 g/cm3. It was also found that the addition of SrO to barium borate glasses improved their mechanical properties such as Vickers microhardness and yield stress, and the elastic modulus of the glasses decreased. The DSC curves obtained showed that the glass transition temperature increased with the addition of SrO. The direct and indirect band energies of SrO glasses, whose bond structures were evaluated by FTIR and optical properties by UV measurements, were found to decrease in the range of 3.42 eV–3.02 eV and 3.32eV–2.62eV. The nuclear radiation shielding capacities of Sr glasses were then investigated by gamma ray and fast neutron transmission experiments. For gamma-ray transmission experiments, a 133Ba radioisotope was used in combination with an HPGe detector, while a 241Am/Be source and a gas proportional detector were used for neutron absorption experiments. With the addition of SrO, the MAC values of Sr0–Sr4 glasses have shown an increase in the range 0.5116–0.0999 cm2/g and 0.7386–0.1008 cm2/g. Sr glasses has been found to be effective in the attenuation of fast neutrons, and it is even superior to conventional neutron absorbers. • Five glasses in the following compositions have been manufactured: B 2 O 3 –SrO–Na 2 O–BaO–CaO. • The structural, thermal and optical studies were performed by XRD, FTIR, TGA/DSC and UV–Vis measurements. • The addition of SrO enhances the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values. • The glasses' capacity to protect against photons is improved by the addition of SrO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addition of SrO in combination with a hydration technique were used to modify eggshell-derived CaO catalysts for transesterification of Jatropha oil with methanol. A Box-Behnken design of experiment was employed to determine the optimal conditions. The results showed that the maximum methyl ester content of 99.71% could be achieved with the catalyst having 7 mmol/g of SrO at 65 °C, 89.8 min, MeOH:oil molar ratio of 27.6:1, and catalyst amount of 4.77 wt%. At these conditions, the catalyst remained active with methyl ester content of ca. 90% for several cycles and gradually deactivated due to the losses of active metals.

SUMMARY: Plants experiencing abiotic stress react by generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), compounds that, if allowed to accumulate to excess, repress plant growth and development. Anthocyanins induced by abiotic stress are strong antioxidants that neutralize ROS, whereas their over‐accumulation retards plant growth. Although the mechanism of anthocyanin synthesis has been revealed, how plants balance anthocyanin synthesis under abiotic stress to maintain ROS homeostasis is unknown. Here, ROS‐related proteins, SIMILAR TO RCD‐ONEs (SROs), were analysed in Zea mays (maize), and all six SRO1 genes were inducible by a variety of abiotic stress agents. The constitutive expression of one of these genes, ZmSRO1e, in maize as well as in Arabidopsis thaliana increased the sensitivity of the plant to abiotic stress, but repressed anthocyanin biosynthesis and ROS scavenging activity. Loss‐of‐function mutation of ZmSRO1e enhanced ROS tolerance and anthocyanin accumulation. We showed that ZmSRO1e competed with ZmR1 (a core basic helix‐loop‐helix subunit of the MYB–bHLH–WD40 transcriptional activation complex) for binding with ZmPL1 (a core MYB subunit of the complex). Thus, during the constitutive expression of ZmSRO1e, the formation of the complex was compromised, leading to the repression of genes, such as ZmA4 (encoding dihydroflavonol reductase), associated with anthocyanin synthesis. Overall, the results have revealed a mechanism that allows the products of maize SRO1e to participate in the abiotic stress response. Significance Statement: The SRO family is a plant‐specific group of proteins involved in the abiotic stress response, but the function and molecular mechanisms of maize SRO proteins in abiotic stress are unclear. In this study, we found that ZmSRO1e, the most stress responsive of all maize SROs, repressed anthocyanin synthesis and was involved in the maintenance of ROS homeostasis, which is important for balancing plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The resistance switching behavior of SRO/SZO/Pt devices is investigated in room temperature (RT). First, it was manufactured as a single cell to see its electrical characteristics, and it was operated by bipolar resistive switching (BRS). In addition, to analyze the switching mechanism of the cell deposited at room temperature, an area dependence test and a temperature dependence test were performed. As a result, in the low resistance state (LRS) there was no area-dependent and temperature-dependent, whereas in the high resistance state (HRS), the area-dependent and temperature-dependent local conduction filament model was estimated. In addition, an 8 × 8 array is fabricated using a room-temperature process that is commercially advantageous. The electrical characteristics are excellent; stable retention characteristics (125 °C, 2 h) and stable switching cycle (109) operations are observed, which are applicable to next-generation memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of strontian (SrO) content on the phase composition, microstructure, thermal shock resistance, and sintering properties of CaZrO3 were evaluated. CaZrO3 with different SrO contents (0, 1, 2, 4 wt.%) was synthesized by solid-state reaction. Zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) were used as raw materials, and SrO was added in varying contents. The SrO content played a key role in densification and grain refinement during the sintering process. Ceramic with relative density up to 90.82% and greatest flexural strength (252.82 MPa) was obtained by adding 4 wt.% strontia. Additionally, the SrO content affected the microstructures of the samples after sintering and quenching with liquid nitrogen. Furthermore, a significant effect on the densification process and the crack propagation mode transition was also observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since their origination in the 1950s, school resource officers (SROs) have become increasingly commonplace in schools throughout the United States. In turn, researchers have developed a considerable base of empirical work on SRO roles and how these roles motivate action in public schools. A large part of this empirical work has focused on roles that fall outside conventional law enforcement duties such as when officers act as mentors, counselors, and educators. However, this line of research has not yet investigated the motivations for why SROs engage in non-law enforcement roles. The purpose of the current study is to draw from 26 interviews with SROs to explore the motivations for engaging in non-law enforcement roles and activities in public schools. Findings illustrate that SROs identify the overarching motivation of non-law enforcement as 'bridging the gap,' where they seek out at-risk students and connect them to necessary resources in the school and community. We find that SROs engage in building four types of bridges. The findings also suggest that SROs draw from a community-oriented policing framework to explain this motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this GGA study, electronic and magnetic properties were investigated with the implementation of the FP-LAPW method within the framework of DFT. Resulting compounds Ag0.125Sr0.875O and Au0.125Sr0.875O were formed by substituting transition metal atoms silver and gold in strontium oxide with 12.5% concentration. Formation energy values show the compounds are stable in the ground state. Volume optimization curves predict the doped compounds are stable in the ferromagnetic phase. Total DOS and band structure plots display half-metallicity at the Fermi level, and also magnetic moment was found in the supercells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SRO (SIMILAR TO RCD ONE), a type of plant-specific small protein family, play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in response to biotic/abiotic stresses. Although characterization of SROs have been performed in model plants, little is known about their function in wheat, especially under stress conditions. In this study, 30 SRO genes were identified from the wheat genome (TaSRO). They were phylogenetically separated into two groups with distinct structures. The cis -regulatory elements in the promoter region of TaSROs were analyzed and numerous elements functionally associated with stress responding and hormones were interpreted, implying the reason for induction expression patterns of TaSROs during abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat. Whole-genome replication events in the SRO gene family of wheat and seven other species (Arabidopsis thaliana , rice, maize, barley, soybean, upland cotton, and cucumber) were analyzed, resulting in 1, 12, 9, 23, 6, 5, and 3 of gene pairs, respectively. The tissue-specific expression pattern profiling revealed that most TaSROs are highly expressed in one or more tissues and may play an important role in wheat growth and development. In addition, qRT-PCR results further confirmed that these TaSRO genes are involved in wheat stress response. In summary, our study laid a theoretical basis for molecular function deciphering of TaSROs , especially in plant hormones and biotic/abiotic stress responses. • We identified and classified firstly the SRO gene family in wheat genome. • We analyze the expression profile of the TaSRO genes in many different environments, including growth and development processes, abiotic and biological stress. • The qRT-PCR analysis indicated that the TaSRO genes are involved in the response of wheat plants to biological stress and abiotic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicophosphate glasses with variable divalent ion dopants (Zn2+, Sr2+ or Cu2+) were prepared via melt annealing route. Parent and doped glasses were thermally heat-treated through a two-step regime to be converted into their glass–ceramic derivatives. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectral data were recorded for parent glasses and their glass–ceramics derivatives to identify the structural building units which reveal vibrational bands due to both main phosphate and some silicate groups and to verify the bioactivity behavior after immersion in diluted phosphate solution. X-ray diffraction studies indicate the formation of different phosphate and silicate crystalline phases in the derived glass–ceramics which varied with the type of dopant oxide. SEM investigations of the glass–ceramics before and after immersion in phosphate solution showed multicomponent microcrystalline textures in the studied micrographs before immersion. Nodular-shaped microcrystalline features were identified after immersion in phosphate solution referring to the formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite. The undoped glass–ceramic is identified to crystallize in almost equal silicate and phosphate phases, while with the dopant ZnO, SrO or CuO, the crystalline phases are only of phosphates, while the silicate phase is assumed to be retained in the surrounding remaining vitreous boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the green production of biodiesel, in this study, a novel magnetic mesoporous support (Fe@C) was obtained from MIL–Fe(100) carbonization. Strontium oxide (SrO) was then loaded on Fe@C to synthesize the sufficient, easy separable and environmentally friendly heterogeneous basic catalyst (Fe@C–Sr) for transesterification on the purpose of biodiesel production. In order to obtain the optimal synthesis method, effects of the activation temperature and SrO loading amount on catalytic activity were evaluated. In addition, Fe@C and Fe@C–Sr were characterized by means of X–ray diffraction (XRD), N 2 adsorption–desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), Hammett indicator method, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and X–ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). To assess the catalytic behavior of Fe@C–Sr, transesterification parameters of catalyst amount, molar ratio of methanol to oil, reaction time, and reaction temperature were investigated and optimized. Meanwhile, based on the optimal transesterification parameters, the reusability and resistant ability to free fatty acid and free water were further concerned to explore the catalyst stability. Image 10686 • Pore size of MIL-Fe (100) is expanded to mesoprous size after being carbonized. • SrO addition enhances the saturation magnetism of Fe@C. • Fe@C-Sr is more sensitive to free fatty acid compared to free water in reaction. • Fe@C is an ideal magnetic mesoporous support with paramagnetic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subsolidus phase equilibria of the CuO – SrO – ZnO system were determined at 900 °C in air. The pseudoternary section does not contain ternary oxide phases but is made of 5 three-phase regions and 2 narrow two-phase regions linked to a Sr14Cu24-xZnxO41-y solid solution. The maximum solubility of Zn in this phase is limited to x ≈ 0.1, but this low doping level results in a significant decrease of the electrical resistivity by about one order of magnitude compared to the undoped compound. The other binary oxide phases SrZnO2,Sr2CuO3, and SrCuO2 do not form solid solutions extending into the ternary system. SrZnO2 was found to decompose upon contact with ambient air.

This research presents a method for computing daily, monthly and annual runoff volume (annual inflow) for Gamesman dam catchment area on Bastora stream in Erbil Governorate. The procedure is developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service (SCS) which depends on physical parameters of the catchment area and daily rainfall depth data in Shaqlawa Meteorological station within the catchment area. The advantage of this method is being straightforward to apply, and the physical parameters are easily determined. The runoff depth and volume was computed upon collecting and determining physical parameters (such as drainage area, land uses, soil type and soil infiltration rate) for the catchment area. The results were compared with estimated depth and volume of runoff suggested by (Sogreah) empirical equation used in the design planning report for Gomspan dam prepared by the Project’s Consultancy team. The results of the comparison revealed the fact that the depth and volume of runoff was over estimated in the planning report.

The effect of the SrO addition on the microstructure and structure of the glazes from the SiO2–Al2O3–CaO–MgO–K2O system was investigated in this study. The results were obtained by testing the ability of the frits crystallization, the stability of the crystallizing phases during the single-step fast-firing cycle depending on their chemical composition and the effect of addition of strontium oxide. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curves showed that all glazes crystallized, and diopside and anorthite were mainly identified as dominant phases in the obtained glazes, while the size and amount of each depended on the amount of SrO introduced. The thermal characteristic of the frits was carried out using DSC, and crystalline phases were determined by X-ray diffractometry. The glaze microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Additional information on the microstructure of frits was derived from spectroscopic studies in the mid-infrared range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The historical bottleneck for truly high scale integrated photonics is the light emitter. The lack of monolithically integrable light sources increases costs and reduces scalability. Quantum phenomena found in embedded Si particles in the nanometer scale is a way of overcoming the limitations for bulk Si to emit light. Integrable light sources based in Si nanoparticles can be obtained by different CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) -compatible materials and techniques. Such materials in combination with Si3N4 photonic elements allow for integrated Si photonics, in which photodetectors can also be included directly in standard Si wafers, taking advantage of the emission in the visible range by the embedded Si nanocrystals/nanoparticles. We present the advances and perspectives on seamless monolithic integration of CMOS-compatible visible light emitters, photonic elements, and photodetectors, which are shown to be viable and promising well within the technological limits imposed by standard fabrication methods.

A novel super-regenerative wake-up receiver for underwater communication systems is presented. Optimized wake-up receiver design for underwater communications plays an important role in increasing the deployment duration of sensor nodes through reduced power consumption. In this work, the super-regenerative oscillator (SRO) based receiver is designed to receive 20 kHz underwater acoustic signal. To enable high sensitivity without compromising the loop gain, a novel current-reuse SRO architecture is proposed using adaptive bulk biasing to increase negative transconductance - G m under the same biasing current with improved sensitivity and start-up time. Differential input transistors with dynamic threshold control techniques are used to increase input transconductance and improve the gain without the need of a front-end low noise amplifier. A differential switch-controlled charge-pump is adopted to provide the quenching mechanism for the SRO. Furthermore, additional digital automatic gain control, frequency-lock loop, and common mode feedback are designed to improve the SRO immunity under process–voltage–temperature variations. The proposed super-regenerative receiver is implemented in TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology with center frequency of 20 kHz. It achieves sensitivity of − 83 dBm with data rate of 100 kbps and power consumption of 114 μW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congratulations! Your executives are ready to go Digital. Is your PMO ready to become Digital? PMOs have proven their success and their worth in the industry; we do not need to reprove this fact. This series of three articles will explore the need for PMOs to digitalize themselves and evolve towards their organizations' needs in order to support their organization digital transformation. In the first article, the authors will shed light on PMOs today and explore, what it means for PMOs to digitalize themselves and the areas of focus to achieve a DTPMO (Digital PMO). In the second article, we will explore how DTPMOs can shift the current thinking to forward thinking and facilitate their organization digital transformation to move from a project base focus to a product base focus. In the last article, the authors will focus on the ultimate future destination for the digital office to become the core unit in their organizations to connect all CoE's (Center of Excellence) and sustain a product/platform-based organization. Furthermore, we will share a case study that explores the digitalization journey, and how one organization was successful in their transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A low power, high sensitivity, super-regenerative (SR) receiver for wireless body area networks (WBANs) is proposed in this brief. To enable high sensitivity while maintaining low power consumption, a two-step periodically quenching controller with automatic negative transconductance (${-G}_{{m}} $) controller is designed for tuning the biasing current of the super-regenerative oscillator (SRO) at twice the data rate of the input signal. To reduce the power consumption without compromising the loop gain, a novel cross-coupled SRO architecture using gm-boosting, adaptive bulk biasing, and dynamic threshold control techniques is presented. The proposed super-regenerative receiver with a center frequency of 2.4-GHz is implemented in 180-nm CMOS technology. Simulation results show that this receiver achieves a BER of ${2}{\times }{10}^{{-3} }$ at SNR = 12 dB and sensitivity of −87 dBm at 3.3 Mb/s while consuming 398 ${\mu }\text{W}$. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Furfural can be reduced to furfuryl alcohol using methanol as H-transfer and alkaline earth metal oxides catalysts. • The reduction occurs in the liquid-phase under mild conditions with high yield. • The specific activity of catalysts follows the rank SrO > CaO > MgO. • The activity rank is parallel to the basic strength rank of catalysts. • The stronger basicity leads to different mechanisms for methanol activation. DRIFT characterization and DFT calculation were carried out to clarify the previously unexplored use of methanol as a H-transfer agent for the liquid-phase Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reduction of biomass-derived furfural using alkaline earth oxide catalysts (MgO, CaO, SrO). Methanol adsorption mechanism has been studied in detail and the energy correlated to the process has been theoretically calculated for each of the prepared catalyst to investigate the relative performances of the three basic oxides. Although, the higher-surface-area MgO displayed an exceptionally high activity for the H-transfer process at low temperatures, CaO and SrO were found to be the catalysts with the highest specific productivity per unit surface area and unit basic site. The different specific productivities of the three catalysts was explained by DRIFT with different adsorption mode selectivities (3 different modes for MgO versus only 1 for CaO and SrO, with the production of only the active methoxide), which may indicate a different methanol activation with regard to the H-transfer toward the carbonyl moiety of FAL. Furthermore, higher SrO than CaO productivity can be explained by the different basicity, which in turn leads to differences in the main methanol activation pathways. DFT calculations make it possible to gain further insight into the role of the basic strength on methanol activation and H-transfer reaction suggesting the increased ability of activating the alcohol via formation of the methoxide ion being the key factor in modulating the catalyst activity rather than the polarization of the aldehydic carbonyl group due to the coordination onto the M3C site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]