Search

The research is devoted to the conflictual linguistic personality of a hater as one of the types of cybercommunication which are rapidly gaining popularity, namely, hating as a purposeful type of speech aggression on the Internet. The relevance of the proposed research is determined by the need to consider a new communicative reality in the modern Internet space and identify new forms of communication between members of the network community. The aim of the study is to describe the characteristic features of hating in modern Internet discourse, identify stereotypical features of haters, and consider the ideas about haters in the linguistic consciousness of communicants. The material was the scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists on virtual linguistic personality, as well as more than 300 interactions from popular Russian-language Internet chats where communicants resort to various speech strategies and tactics. The authors used linguisticcultural, linguistic-pragmatic, descriptive methods, as well as elements of contextual-situational and intentional analysis. Synchronous Internet discourse is presented as a media platform for interaction, as well as the verbal and non-verbal impact of communication participants on each other and on a wide audience of users in general. The main characteristics of the modern cognitive and communicative space of the Internet (hypertextuality, virtuality, crealization, etc.) are highlighted and described in detail, and the characteristics of the speech behavior of the main virtual linguistic and cultural types are given. As a result of the study of one of the key linguistic and cultural types - the conflicting linguistic personality of a hater - the following characteristics of his speech behavior were revealed: a dynamic manipulative scenario, targeting and subjectivity, an attitude towards obtaining a perlocutionary effect when achieving the goal of pleasure, satisfaction, and selfadmiration that the hater needs. It is also shown that, as a rule, famous and popular personalities are chosen as the object of cyber aggression for the manifestation of online hating; there is no objective assessment or criticism in the comments of the haters, their speech activity is exclusively destructive. The prospect of further research is related to the application of the proposed integrative approach to the study of other types of cyber aggression: flaming, trolling, cyberbullying, etc.

The relevance of the study is due to the lack of methodological complexes designed to develop linguistic intuition among foreigners studying the Russian language at pre-university stage. Foreign students at the initial level of education usually use linguistic intuition formed in their native language, but observations show that a full-fledged linguistic intuition in Russian-language speech communication is based on the automatic use of elements and constructions of the Russian language. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for consistent use of tasks that contribute to the automated speech skills and stimulate linguistic guess in the process of teaching Russian as foreign language. The following methods were applied: observation of the communicative activities of students learning the Russian language with the proposed methodology, analysis and synthesis of results, as well as observation in order to identify difficulties in achieving automaticity of speech skills and the use of linguistic intuition. The research was conducted at the elementary and basic levels of teaching the Russian language to Iranian students of medical and biological specialties at the Preparatory Faculty of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. A methodology has been developed, based on the system of phonetic, lexical-grammatical and text tasks for classroom and independent work. The training complex uses elements of critical thinking to form and improve speech and cognitive skills that will help foreign students develop the ability to independently solve various communicative problems. Provided that tasks for developing intuition are regularly completed at classroom, it seems promising to achieve freedom of speech behavior of foreign students in communicative acts of various types.

The article is devoted to the topical issue of optimizing programs related to the training of an education manager in order to increase his communicative competence, as well as a “plot” explanation of the importance of the genre studies course in this process. Having analyzed the textbooks and educational management course programs existing in modern pedagogical science with a view to developing the communicative competence of managers, the authors noted that the analysis of their speech behavior remains unexamined. Thus, there is a certain imbalance between the increasing needs for qualified personnel and the lack of innovative approaches in training managers capable of managing tasks, resources, people, information, quality, projects and organizational changes in this area. In terms of speech development of a manager, at best, such disciplines as «speech culture», «pedagogical rhetoric», or training in certain types of speech genres in pedagogical discourse are offered. It is concluded that from a methodology perspective, the mandatory inclusion in management education programs of a genre studies course related to improving the manager’s speech activity and increasing the status of his linguistic personality as the main tool of his information, analytical and practical activities should help correct the current situation.

A growing number of higher-education institutions are implementing synchronous hybrid delivery, which provides both online and on-campus learners with simultaneous instruction, especially for facilitating discussions in Active Learning (AL) contexts. However, learners face difficulties in picking up social cues and gaining free access to speaking rights due to the geometrical misalignment of individuals mediated through screens. We assume that the cultivation of discussions is allowed by ensuring the spatial localization of learners similar to that in a physical space. This study aims to design a synchronous hybrid learning environment, called Mirror Campus (MC), suitable for the AL scenario that connects physical and cyberspaces by providing spatial localization of learners. We hypothesize that the MC promotes discussion-oriented behaviors, and eventually enhances applied skills for group tasks, related to discussion, creativity, decision-making, and interdependence. We conducted an experiment with five different groups, where four participants in each group were asked to discuss a given topic for fifteen minutes, and clarified that the occurrences of facing behaviors, intervening, and simultaneous utterances in the MC were significantly increased compared to a conventional video conferencing. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the significance of the spatial localization of learners to facilitate discussion-oriented behaviors such as facing and speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University. Philology Series is the property of L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reveals the main aspects of using the language of a particular linguistic community when mastering the sociolinguistic rules of speech communication that characterize a given society, as well as understanding the impact of social factors on the speech behavior of participants in communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article deals with the subgenre ‘address’ in the speech behavior of members of the Soviet intelligentsia. The research is based on 9 Soviet plays of V. Azernikov, S. Aleshin, A. Arbuzov, L. Zorin, S. Mikhalkov, M. Roshchin. The character’s education, profession, the author’s description, the actual speech portrait of the character (lexical, stylistic, communicative content), moral qualities of the character were important criteria for definition of a member of intelligentsia. All the selected characters were divided into three generational groups. The analysis showed that the subgenre “address” is a polyfunctional communicative unit, one of the components of the genres “greeting”, “farewell”, “congratulation”, “gratitude”, “apology”, “compliment”, “consolation”, “reproach”, “argument”, “declaration of love”. Addresses with possessive pronouns, ameliorative adjectives, metaphors and precedent names are actively used in the speech of members of the intelligentsia.

The article examines the features of political discourse within the framework of the military conflict in Ukraine. The relevance of the study is due to the need to identify communicative and speech strategies and their tactics in the positions of opposing sides to resolve the conflict. The purpose of the article is to analyze the strategies and tactics of the communicative behavior of politicians in a military conflict based on the material of reports at the thematic and linguistic levels. The work was carried out using the method of contextual analysis, descriptive method. The research material was the texts of speeches by the official representative of Russia to the UN General Assembly and the EU representative to the European Commission. The authors come to the conclusion that the communicative behavior of politicians within the framework of non-controversial speeches has its own characteristics at the thematic as well as at the linguistic level. The topic of Ursula von der Leyen’s speeches during this period is reduced to the general theme “The future of Europe”, where the main threat to the future may be “Russian aggression” along with the energy crisis. In the speeches of S.V. Lavrov’s main topic is “the policy of the “collective West”” and “The Ukrainian regime”. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that in official speeches there are emotional evaluative vocabulary, periphrases, evaluative adjectives, metaphorical models that implement such communicative and speech tactics as persuasion, condemnation, appeal to facts, support for the affected state, promises using the techniques of “reference to authorities”, “reinforcement”, “quoting”, “giving examples”, “introducing elements of informality” and others. The authors of the article show that the ethno-cultural specificity of the communicative behavior of politicians involved in the military conflict of countries on the part of European politicians is manifested in such features as “preservation of democracy”, “protection of democratic values” from autocrats. The Russian side in its speeches appeals to the preservation of traditional values calls for the fight against discrimination on religious grounds, with aggressive derussification.

Rationale is the search for an answer to the question that concerns many today, whether it is possible to ensure the security of the individual and the state as a whole by means of language in a communicative space filled with threats of a different nature. The aim of the study is to prove that raising of speech culture level as an extremely relevant field of knowledge and a sphere of practical competences in the face of new challenges of modernity should become the subject of closer comprehension not only of specialists but also of the native speakers of the Russian language, since the contemporary speech is one of the components of national well-being. Materials and methods. The data used are works on the culture of speech, orthology, and communicativism, legislative acts, as well as various linguistic factual materials inherent in modern discourse. The analysis was carried out by means of descriptive, stylistic, statistical, and contextual methods; the study of the factual material was carried out by means of observation and questioning. Results. The results of the study showed that improving the speech culture of modern Russian speakers cannot an aim, and the approach to solving this problem is formalized and not aligned with the new reality. In the current conditions, when communicative activity becomes difficult to regulate, a special life-saving means is the speech culture of a person, often in the literal sense of the word, ensuring his or her physical survival. Results application. The results might be applied in the course “Russian Language and Speech Culture” as well as might be useful for the teachers who teach this cycle of disciplines in institutions of higher education.

The article studies speech behavior of the class of Soviet intelligentsia in communicative situations of flirting. The research is based on Soviet comedy plays of the 1960s–1970s: “Dobryaki”, “Entsiklopedisty”, “Tranzit”, “Pokrovskie vorota”, “Teatral’naya fantaziya” by Leonid Zorin and “Vozmozhny varianty” by Valentin Azernikov. The relevance of the topic is related to the increased interest ofmodern linguistics in the verbal means typical of romantic discourse in general and of the genre of flirting in particular. Authors of dramatic texts create a speech portrait of the characters and place them in different communicative situations using speech genres and their verbal means of actualization, appropriated for the social group to which the character belongs. The semantic content of the lexeme “flirt” includes the following main features: ambiguity, elements of comic genres and play. The article presents the subgenres of the speech genre of flirting: compliment, gratitude, hint, joke. The author describes the revealed verbal means which actualize the speech genre of flirting in the speech of the class of Soviet intelligentsia. They are complicated and ambiguous constructions, polysemous words, lexical repetitions, use of plural “you”, vocabulary with positive semantics in assessing moral qualities, precedent statements. Stage directions describing characters’ intonation, gestures and movements are treated as supporting means of modeling of the non-verbal behavior in flirting.

The article off ers the development of the complex methodology for the study of the speech behavior of the intelligentsia characters. The material of the research is the plays and screenplays of the 60–80s of the 20th century by the Soviet authors such as Valentin Azernikov, Alexei Arbuzov, Vladimir Arro, Emil Braginsky and Eldar Ryazanov, Alexander Vampilov, Alexander Volodin and Leonid Zorin, and others. The article considers methodological approaches to the study of the speech behavior of literary characters belonging to the same social group. Patterns of linguistic persona and patterns of speech behavior are analyzed. The main defi nitions applied within the scope of the approaches are linguistic, speech, communicative, or discursive persona; linguistic, verbal, communicative, or discursive behavior, as well as units of description of speech behavior: speech acts, parameters, actions, steps, speech or communicative strategies and tactics, speech genres, speech acts and speech behavior patterns. The approaches under consideration are discovered to have points of convergence, the prospects of developing the research are outlined. It is concluded to be necessary to conduct a contrastive study, namely, to compare the communicative features of the behavior of the members of diff erent social groups in typical communicative situations and to identify specifi c patterns of speech behavior, which the authors use in creating the intelligentsia characters of the 60–80s of the 20th century. The prospects of the study include the consideration of various communicative situations with the participation of only intelligentsia members, or an intelligentsia character and a member of another social group; formal and informal communication situations, the status of communicants, communication participants complying with etiquette norms, emotionality and reasonableness of communication, ways of expressing evaluation, infl uence on the organization of communication, as well as other linguistic and extralinguistic factors, should be taken into account in the study.

The speech of business coaches is distinguished by the speaker's desire to influence the mind of the recipient through the use of various linguistic means. The addresser takes into account not only the goal of communication (informing, attracting attention / entertainment, persuasion), but also its synthetic character, which combines vertical and horizontal vectors. The speaker is trying to gain and keep the sympathy of the audience, get its support, understanding, and trust by complexly influencing the feelings, emotions, and subconscious of the addressee, as well as by demonstrating belonging to the "In-group". One of the features of Irina Khakamada's speech as a business coach is the use of special colloquial vocabulary (youth slang, argot, vulgarisms, obscene vocabulary).

Copyright of Opera Slavica is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the article is to analyze the dominant speech behavior of groups of parliamentarians, depending on the national and cultural specifics of the sender of the text, using the methodology adopted in Implicit Pragmalinguistics. The text of each speech is divided into small syntactic groups, which in Implicit Pragmalinguistics are considered the standard units of the analysis. In total, more than three thousand such units were analyzed during the study period. The material for the study of the politicians’ speech behavior was the texts of the speeches of 20 politicians speaking in English and Russian, presented in the period from 2019 to 2020 in their national parliaments, the British Parliament and the State Duma. The analysis shows that the majority of politicians are distinguished by a dominant type of behavior, which is expressed in the manifestation of a bright individuality. A successful politician is always a talented leader and organizer who has the prevalence of character traits that are associated with independence, decisiveness, authoritarianism and focus not only on himself/herself, but also on the audience. All selected groups of the politicians showed great confidence in what they are talking about, which indicates the signs of a successful and professional leader. In the course of a comparative analysis, we came to the conclusion that dominance in the speech of the politicians is manifested differently and depends on the nationality of the parliamentarians. Thus, the Russian-speaking politicians of both sexes confirm their collectivist cultural orientation in speech behavior, and the British generally follow the principles of individualism; the Russian-speaking female politicians are a little more categorical and confident in their speeches than the English-speaking ones.

В настоящее время анализ механизмов политического дискурса представляется нам особенно актуальным, поскольку он играет важную роль в создании общей картины мировой политики и в выявлении основных тенденций, способствующих созданию современного миропорядка. С другой стороны, результаты изучения риторических портретов лидеров разных стран могут иметь как практическое, так и утилитарное значение, а также могут быть использованы при обучении лингвистическим дисциплинам. Целью данного исследования является сравнительный анализ дискурсов современных политических лидеров, составление риторических портретов американских и французских президентов, выявление общих черт, характерных для политического дискурса, а также установление различий в риторике указанных выше упомянутые политические деятели. В ходе исследования использовались следующие методы: метод сплошной выборки, анализ статистических данных, анализ дискурса, лексический и синтаксический анализ. Исследование позволило составить сравнительные риторические портреты Д. Трампа и Э. Макрона, что представляется нам важным для создания их политического имиджа в целом, а также для анализа степени влияния этих политических лидеров на современной политической арене.

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Philology: Science & Education is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

В статье рассматривается речевое поведение отправителя сообщения с точки зрения скрытой прагмалингвистики, научного направления, занимающегося вопросами скрытого (неосознаваемого) речевого воздействия. Сопоставляются речевое поведение и речевая деятельность коммуникантов. Автор делает акцент на стратегической составляющей речевого поведения человека. Стратегии актуализируются в речи в виде одного из планов-вариантов, рассматриваются как типы речевого поведения. Приводится классификация стратегий скрытого воздействия, раскрывается механизм их функционирования. Анализ стратегий в речевом поведении отправителя сообщения позволяет диагностировать некоторые личностные свойства как отдельного автора, так социальной группы в целом, а также выявлять доминирующие линии речевого воздействия на получателя сообщения.

The article is devoted to the dominant strategies of the discourse of state power. The relevance of the study is due to the interest of modern scientists in the anthropocentric scientific paradigm. The focus is on the individuals and their individual qualities associated with the phenomenon of domination. The work was carried out in line with the Implicit Pragminguistics. To carry out an objective pragmalinguistic analysis, as the research material the texts that have the largest possible number of similar features were selected, for example, text content (all analyzed texts are devoted to issues related to the problems of state power), year of the presentation (2018-2020), age (50-57), gender (five men and five women) and nationality (Russian-speaking) authors; and also the similarity of addressees (speeches of the addressees at the meetings of the national Parliament of Russia). The analysis is carried out according to two dominant strategies: “Participation / non-participation of communicants in a speech event” and “Certain / uncertain speech behavior of an author in a speech event”. To confirm the diagnosed personality traits, the references are made to the memoirs of the contemporaries of the representative of the state power whose texts of speeches were submitted for analysis, and we can say that the results are objective and find confirmation in the words of their acquaintances, friends and families, as well as in their biographies. The analysis shows that the majority of the representatives of the state power have a dominant type of behavior, a pronounced individuality and are talented leaders and organizers. You can also highlight such traits of their professional personalities as determination, independence, authoritarianism and focus on the listener. Almost all the representatives of the state power have a lot of confidence in their words, as this is the main trait of a good leader.

The formulation of the topic and the related issues are determined by the main requirements concerning one of the language functions, particularly the communicative one which plays a leading role in human communication. The theory of the socio-cultural approach is based on understanding the social nature of language. The communication process involves the use of the social context forming a broad socio-cultural context of the interaction of subjects in communication, along with the cultural one. The sociolinguistic component, the embodiment of the ethnosocial linguistic culture, acts as an external and internal condition for speech activity. The article discusses the main approaches to the research of the social role of language in communication, presented by the works of famous scientists. Language as one of the main tools of human communication is inherently a social phenomenon. Its functioning is determined by such social factors as cultural norms, traditions, values of different societies. Additionally, the society itself contains differences between native speakers: their age, gender differences, social status, level of culture and education, region of residence, as well as differences in speech behavior depending on the situation and participants in communication. The sociality of the language determines the linguistic changes assimilated by society and manifested in speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with the study of male and female speech behavior of British parliamentarians in the discussion of Brexit problems by various mass media. It is emphasized that the need to study the gender specifics of the speech behavior of women and men politicians commenting on Brexit in order to attract public attention is due to the extreme importance of media discourse. It determines the “agenda” of both an individual and various social institutions of modern society, on the one hand, and growing research interest in gender discourse studies, on the other. It is shown that institutionalization and ritualization form the basis of the gender manifestation of each individual’s belonging to a particular gender, and the generation and use of discourse cannot be studied outside the gender factor. The novelty and purpose of the study is to identify and analyze the complex linguistic gender specificity of the speech behavior of British politicians in political media discourse. The results of the analysis of the morphological, semantic and stylistic specifics of the speech behavior of British parliamentarians, when discussing Brexit in political media discourse in accordance with the gender of politicians are presented. The influence of social and psychological factors on the choice of pragmacommunicative design of the discursive space of the addressee, as well as the correlation of gender, pragmalinguistic tools and the effect of communicative dominance, have been proved.

The study of speech behavior today seems relevant and appropriate within the framework of the rapid development and implementation of high technologies in all spheres of modern society, since not all technological innovations are perceived positively. Thus, the communication strategies that form the verbal behavior of representatives of the scientific community are of particular interest. Therefore, this article aims at studying the speech behavior of German speakers in a media discourse based on the material of one of the most famous events aimed at popularizing current scientific achievements, the TED-Conference. It is proposed to analyze speech behavior in line with the pragmalinguistic approach, within which various parameters of the communicative situation are taken into account. The study identified three communication strategies that actualize the speech behavior of the speakers: attraction strategies, strategies for presenting new knowledge and persuasion strategies. The attraction strategy is based on two tactics - the tactics of attracting and the tactics of retention of attention. The attraction strategy in the popular science discourse is inextricably linked with the strategy of presenting new knowledge, consisting of the tactics of explanation and the tactics of considering information from a new angle. The third strategy is represented by three tactics: tactics of pointing at a favorable perspective, tactics of illustration and tactics of contrastive analysis. Each tactic contains a certain set of communicative steps, the combination of which has a predicted speech effect on the participants in communication. Thus, the study of the pragmalinguistic aspect of speech behavior in scientific discourse allows us to analyze the program of communicative interaction and identify tools for effective speech exposure.

The article discusses the issues of conducting authorship diagnostic studies in order to identify the gender of the anonymous text author. The concept of gender is considered as a conventional social construct, comprising the ideas about culturally conditioned model of masculinity or femininity, which are currently accepted by Russian society. The corpus of more than 1 000 written texts of mainly political discourse, written by people with different gender affiliations, serves as the material that enables to justify the possibility of application quantitative analysis method, based on frequency characteristics of semantically independent words, belonging to lexical-and- grammatical classes of words: pronouns, particles, prepositions, conjunctions and parenthesis. The method under consideration is aimed at identification and analyzing unevident implied signs, which can’t be revealed whilst superficial analysis. Frequent, persistent occurrence of these signs in the texts of political discourse enables to regard them as highly informative quantitative characteristics of written speech of the authors belonging to different gender groups. It is stated, the results of application the quantitative model of author’s gender identification, represented in the paper, are more reliable if they are used in combination with traditional linguistic model, which presupposes the analysis of linguistic, speech, textual, semantic, psycholinguistic and social characteristics of texts. The article outlines the prospects of speech diagnostics of a person on the basis of gender for the development of author’s forensic examination.

This work is devoted to the pragmalinguistic component of students’ speech. The purpose of the study is to determine this component in the speech of communicants in a speech event. Analysis of various approaches to the age-related periodization of this group of subjects allowed us to dwell on the period of early adulthood and to conduct a study of their verbal behavior. The hypothetical deductive method, the method of quantitative calculation, the method of linguistic observation and description, the method of pragmalinguistic experiment were used during the process. Students’ social and humanitarian directions selected from social networks were used as a factual material. The data obtained in the digital and percentage are presented in the table. Individual number of small syntactic groups, actualization of speech plans, absolute speech indicator were identified. The average speech indicator is shown, which reflects the stereotypical speech behavior of the student’s language group. In the conclusions, the individual socio-specific features of the speech behavior of this group of students are clearly expressed.

This article is devoted to the study of verbal aggression. This question has been little studied in modern linguistics so far. The study analyzed the statements of Donald Trump and Joe Biden in the framework of political discourse. Types of verbal aggression were identified using the methods of content analysis, discourse analysis and pragmalinguistic analysis. In addition, the characteristics of the linguistic personalities of Donald Trump and Joe Biden in terms of their use of tools to actualize verbal aggression are identified. Language, speech and communication means are distinguished as well. The results of the conducted investigation show that verbal aggression is often used by language personalities in combination with other communication tactics. In turn, verbal aggression is a means of implementing various communication strategies. Prospects for further research are the development of a classification of verbal aggression, as well as a comprehensive scheme for analyzing this phenomenon in speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. To develop approaches to identify and critically evaluate latent mechanisms in political practices of modern public actors.Methodology. The main methods of research are: institutional, normative, comparative analysis, extrapolating and predictive method, system approach, overt observation.Results. Actor, attributive and instrumental models for identifying and interpreting latent mechanisms of public policy are defined as well as a range of directions for integrating public and latent phenomena in relevant political discourse.Research implications. The research results contribute to the theory of public decision-making and political communication.

The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting research of verbal communication behavior and identification of its peculiarities in different language cultures. The basic unit of communication crucial for the analysis of communicative behavior is called speech behavior pattern (SPB). The SPB analysis includes the following major factors to be concerned with: definition of illocutionary purpose of the SPB in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage, description of basic grammatical constructions belonging to SBP and identification of communicative-pragmatic factors important for choice of a specific utterance. Utterances that constitute a certain SBP are organized into a field with a prototypical center and a gradually formed periphery, referred to as communicative-pragmatic field (CPF). The practical implementation of this methodology consists in describing peculiarities of the speech behavior pattern of agreement and refusal in the German discourse. The language data are taken from the existing German corpora.

The training of foreign students in the Russian language as a means of obtaining higher education in Russian universities presumes the consideration of values, norms and rules of speech behavior that distinguish speakers of different languages and cultures. For this purpose, the article reveals the peculiarity of interpersonal discourse and pedagogical traditions that have developed in the countries of the so-called Confucian area: China, Vietnam, Korea and Japan. On this basis, the conclusion is made about the importance of developing the ethno-cultural competence of teachers, which is necessary for joint educational activities in this audience. In the developing of the polylingual educational space, the ethno-cultural competence of the teacher becomes one of the “points of growth” in the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language.

he article addresses the issue of teaching the culture of speech communication and behavior in the process of teaching Russian as a foreign language to Iranian students-philologists. The authors substantiate the necessity of singling out the category of speech etiquette and speech behavior in the process of teaching the Russian language and the importance of knowledge about the norms of communication accepted in the Russian linguacultural community and in intercultural communication. The article states that teaching the Russian language in the Iranian classes with an emphasis on the stylistically correct formulation of speech and taking into account the socio-cultural factor will contribute to the achievement of a high level of professionalism and will allow to prepare philologists in the field of intercultural communication. The authors suggest methodological recommendations on teaching the culture of Russian speech communication in the Iranian classes based on their experience of teaching Russian as a foreign language.

This paper considers the issues of predicative analytics using various methods and algorithms for predicting speech based on statistical data, as well as speech recognition using neural network learning systems. It presents the probabilistic elements of text and speech behavior, which must be taken into account in creating a speech-recognition algorithm and issuing recommendations for speech improvement. A sentence analysis algorithm is proposed to convert a spoken acoustic signal into a string of symbols and words. The principles of operation of modern speech recognition systems are analyzed. A technique is proposed for processing speech phrases using mathematical algorithms with an assessment of signal levels, which makes it possible to determine the degree of influence of individual characteristics of the speech apparatus. An assessment of the severity of abnormal symptoms in subjects with speech impairments has been carried out and a method for quantitative assessment of the size of the deviation of symptoms in these subjects has been proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to demonstrate a consistent methodology for conducting research of verbal communication behavior and identification of its peculiarities in different language cultures. The basic unit of communication crucial for the analysis of communicative behavior is called speech behavior pattern (SPB). The SPB analysis includes the following major factors to be concerned with: definition of illocutionary purpose of the SPB in terms of Natural Semantic Metalanguage, description of basic grammatical constructions belonging to SBP and identification of communicative-pragmatic factors important for choice of a specific utterance. Utterances that constitute a certain SBP are organized into a field with a prototypical center and a gradually formed periphery, referred to as communicativepragmatic field (CPF). The practical implementation of this methodology consists in describing peculiarities of the speech behavior patterns of AGREEMENT and REFUSAL in the German discourse. The language data are taken from the existing German corpora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article attempts to analyze the linguistic identity and describe fragments of the speech portrait of the eminent Russian media critic Kirill Razlogov. A comprehensive linguo-pragmatic analysis of speech means - carriers of pragmatic meaning, united by one type of discourse - media critical discourse, allows, through the interpretation of its individual elements (pragmatic meanings and meanings, updated by the author of the texts, K.E. Razlogov) to reveal their individually and conventionally conditioned features of positioning in relation to the objects and subjects they represent (including the recipients of the text), to analyze the main dominants of the critic's evaluation of various fragments of reality, to diagnose his individual personality qualities. The proposed hierarchical model of the language personality is regarded in a multi-stage approach to its study - from a concept to the language, from the language to speech (discourse), from speech to national pragmatics, and national communication. In this sense, the category of "the media critic's linguistic personality" is considered as a universal intercultural concept with a nuclear and peripheral zone. The nuclear characteristics include common signs of the speech activity of the media critic: high professionalism, linguistic culture, dedication to the profession, straightforwardness, openness, courage. At the peripheral level, there are characteristics of a linguistic personality, within the signs of media communication are manifested: emotiveness and expressiveness. At the level of verbalization of positive and negative emotions, the following emotionally expressive dominants are distinguished: the prevalence of a critical attitude to reality, the relative incontinence of discourse manifestations of emotion, external indifference of behavior, dependence on contextual background, openness/straightforwardness. Speech behavior of K.E. Razlogov is distinguished by persistence and perseverance, prudence, constancy, tact, a tendency to underestimate the level of awareness and interest of the reader. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Linguistics as well as any other science has been developing systematically, bringing absolutely new objects into the sphere of its interests. The contemporary linguistics studies, among other subjects, the phenomena of everyday speech actions of communicants which in the recent past were not considered to be the object of linguistic research. Linguistics has been recently paying special attention to a number of socio-pragmatic categories which emphasize the significance of language as the basic instrument of communication. Both politeness and impoliteness as its logical antipode seem to be among the most dynamically developing objects of research by contemporary pragmaticians and sociolinguistists. Taking into consideration the publications of the last decade, the article systematizes the achievements of foreign linguists in impoliteness research. Firstly, the article briefly surveys the early, so called "post-Brown-Levinsonian" linguistic works on impoliteness. Secondly, the article surveys a number of contemporary discourse theories of impoliteness, including the so-called "post-modern" and sociological (interactional) approaches to the study of politeness / impoliteness. The author pays special attention to the point of main disagreements between impoliteness theorists, in particular, to the point of taking / not taking into account intentions of producers of impolite / rude utterances and the point of terminological duality: what type of speech actions should be called ruden and what type of speech actions should be called impolite.

The article presents an analysis of online interactions among teenagers. The development of online communication is an important factor in the process of formation and reproduction of new social ties and relationships. Continuous online communication is becoming an important feature of everyday life. Online communication affects communication in general, developing its new requirements and standards. The polymetodic research consists of a questionnaire survey method and a content analysis method. The questionnaire was conducted among 50 teenagers aged 13-15, studying in schools of Ekaterinburg and regularly using the Internet to communicate with peers. A content analysis of online dialogs (n = 40) presented by the survey participants was also conducted. The research data proclaims social networks to be the most efficient tool of communication among modern teenagers. The most popular one is Vkontakte, which is used to chat and learn modern vocabulary. The daily routine, including the learning process, is the main topic of communication. Teenagers hardly change their speech behavior, since online and offline communication occurs mainly in the same reference groups. Teenagers also use audio-visual materials, emojis, stickers, etc., to complete their messages and express their emotional state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important dimension of linguistic variation is formality. This study investigates the role of social distance between interlocutors. Twenty-five native Dutch speakers retold eight short films to confederates, who acted either formally or informally. Speakers were familiarized with the informal confederates, whereas the formal confederates remained strangers. Results show that the two types of interlocutors elicited different versions of the same stories. Formal interlocutors (i. e. large social distance) elicited lower articulation rates, and more nouns and prepositions, both indicators of explicit information. Speakers addressing the informal interlocutors, to whom social distance was small, however, provided more explicit information with an involved character (i. e. adjectives with subjective meanings). They also used the word and more often as a gap filler or as a way to keep the floor. Furthermore, a small social distance elicited more laughter, interjections, first-person pronouns and direct speech, which are all indicators of involvement, empathy and subjectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the phenomenon of human speech behavior is considered in its connection with such non-linguistic disciplines as: biology, psychology, logics. These branches of scientific knowledge provide basic data for the study of verbal behavior in linguistics. These data include information on factors that affect the behavior of living beings, what role in the formation of human behavioral characteristics plays the ability to abstract and demands. Psychology also provides the linguist with developments on the expectations theory, type of expectations determines the intensity of speech efforts to meet its communication needs. Active or inactive speech manner with age becomes a speech habit, i.e., nuance of the verbal behavior. The article presents the confirmation of the hypothesis of active verbal behavior dominance of womenoutsiders of Victorian era. Throughout their life, they had to overcome rejection and condemnation of the Victorian society. In their writings on medicine and geography Victorians F. Nightingale and M. Kingsley, who contradicted generally accepted standards, actualized much more intense impact on their contemporaries in the choice of speech acting emphasis signals than their malecontemporaries. Such a manner of speech interaction with contemporaries had developed in these women by adulthood (35-40 years) due to the negative experience of interaction with the contemporary society.

The purpose of this article is to identify the implicit information of political subtext using linguistic expertise. The main methods of research are: observation, synthesis, interpretation of results, discursive analysis. The results of the study are the identification of lexical and stylistic means of expression, which help to create the implicit information in the poetic text. The research results contribute to the theory of linguistic expertise and discourse analysis.

In recent decades, the resentment of the language, spoken by the Bulgarian politicians, is growing. The article suggests that the reason for this lays in the poor speech culture of the politicians. The official speeches are overrun with Turkish words, slang and forbidden words. In order to demonstrate their pseudo language proficiency, the speakers use English words and cite Latin sentences without any mastery, and this makes their speech even more inappropriate. The author defends the school language education by saying that adolescents spend with their teachers much less time than watching TV. However, the author reproaches those mother tongue teachers who turn the Bulgarian language classes into classes for teaching literature. The article criticises the publicly speaking people who perceive democracy as time when any violation of the regular language usage is allowed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]