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ABSTRACT Background Aim Methods Results Conclusion Energy‐based photoelectric and ultrasonic devices are essential for skin rejuvenation and resurfacing in the field of plastic surgery and dermatology. Both functionality and appearance are impacted by factors that cause skin to age, and various energy types have variable skin penetration depths and modes of transmission.The objective is to advise safe and efficient antiaging treatment while precisely and sensitively controlling and assessing the extent of thermal damage to tissues caused by different kinds of energy‐based devices.A literature search was conducted on PubMed to review the mechanisms of action and thermal effects of photoelectric and ultrasonic devices in skin remodeling applications.This paper reviews the thermal effects of energy‐based devices in skin resurfacing applications, including the tissue level and molecular biochemical level. It seeks to summarize the distribution form, depth of action, and influencing factors of thermal effects in combination with the mechanisms of action of various types of devices.Accurate control of thermal damage is crucial for safe and effective skin remodeling treatments. Thorough investigation of molecular biochemical indicators and signaling pathways is needed for real‐time monitoring and prevention of severe thermal injury. Ongoing research and technological advancements will improve the accuracy and control of thermal damage during treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many morphological and histological changes take place in aging skin. Topical tretinoin is the gold standard anti-aging agent used to reduce signs of aging through stimulation of epidermal growth and differentiation and inhibition of collagenase. Objective: The aim of this systematic review is to summarize studies evaluating the efficacy of tretinoin compared with other topical medications and cosmeceuticals in reducing the appearance of skin aging. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Embase databases from conception to December 2023. Studies were included if they compared anti-aging outcomes of topical medications with those of topical tretinoin (also called all-trans retinoic acid and retinoic acid). Studies were excluded if they compared non-topical anti-aging treatments with tretinoin or were conducted on animal models. Results: The literature search resulted in 25 studies that met all inclusion and exclusion criteria. The most common study comparators to tretinoin included other forms of vitamin A. Outcomes were reported on the basis of visual reduction of aging signs, histological assessment of the epidermis and dermis, and protein expression. Although comparators to tretinoin had variable efficacy (greater in 7 studies, equivalent in 13 studies, and less in 3 studies), most studies found the comparator to be less irritating and better tolerated by patients than tretinoin. Discussion: Tretinoin is currently the gold standard therapy for the treatment of photoaging, but its poor tolerability often limits its use. Unfortunately, given that most studies comparing topical therapies with tretinoin are of poor quality and/or demonstrate bias, there is a lack of substantial evidence to support an alternative first-line therapy. However, given there are some data to support the efficacy of retinoid precursors, namely retinaldehyde, pro-retinal nanoparticles, and conjugated alpha-hydroxy acid and retinoid (AHA-ret), these agents can be considered a second-line option for anti-aging treatment in patients who cannot tolerate tretinoin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-psychotropic cannabinoid with multiple pharmacological properties. Cannabidiol has attracted growing attention in the cosmetic industry, with an increasing number of CBD-containing skincare products on the market in recent years. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence on the use of CBD for cosmetic purposes. Following an overview of CBD and the endocannabinoid system in the skin, we summarize pre-clinical and clinical studies that address the potential of CBD in cosmetic dermatology. Available in vitro and in vivo evidence suggests that CBD has anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, anti-acne, wound-healing, and anti-aging properties. However, only a few clinical studies have been conducted on the use of CBD in the skin. In addition, there is a critical need to develop an efficient drug-delivery system for topical/transdermal application of CBD. Further research, including clinical and pharmacokinetic studies, are needed to fully evaluate the role of CBD in cosmetic dermatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A supplemented collagen peptide composition (SCPC) containing microbe-fermented collagen peptide, collagen tripeptide, elastin peptide, and sodium hyaluronate was investigated to determine its effects on skin aging, skin elasticity, and tissue regeneration in zebrafish. β-Galactosidase activity was inhibited, while telomerase activity was elevated, by exposure to 0.977 μL/mL of SCPC in an H 2 O 2 -induced aging zebrafish model, indicating that SCPC can delay cell senescence. Expression of the collagen I gene col1a1a was up-regulated by exposure to 62.5 μL/mL of SCPC, indicating that SCPC can improve skin elasticity. Regrowth of the injured caudal fin was enhanced by exposure to only 0.122 μL/mL of SCPC. These improvements to skin aging, elasticity, and tissue regeneration in zebrafish suggest that this SCPC has potential as a functional food with beneficial effects on skin health and aging resistance in humans. [Display omitted] • Zebrafish were used for building animal models. • Effects of the supplemented collagen peptide composition on the skin. • Inhibiting β-galactosidase activity and elevated telomerase activity. • Up-regulated the expression of collagen I gene col1a1a. • Enhanced the regrowth of injured caudal fin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In skin aging, it has been hypothesized that aging fibroblasts accumulate within the epidermal basal layer, dermis, and subcutaneous fat, causing abnormal tissue remodeling and extracellular matrix dysfunction, thereby inducing an aging-related secretory phenotype (SASP). A new treatment for skin aging involves the specific elimination of senescent skin cells, especially fibroblasts within the dermis and keratinocytes in the basal layer. This requires the identification of specific protein markers of senescent cells, such as ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase subunit M2 B (RRM2B), which is upregulated in various malignancies in response to DNA stress damage. However, the behavior and role of RRM2B in skin aging remain unclear. Therefore, we examined whether RRM2B functions as a senescence marker using a human dermal fibroblast model of aging. In a model of cellular senescence induced by replicative aging and exposure to ionizing radiation or UVB, RRM2B was upregulated at the gene and protein levels. This was correlated with decreased uptake of the senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity and proliferation marker bromodeoxyuridine. RRM2B upregulation was concurrent with the increased expression of SASP factor genes. Furthermore, using fluorescence flow cytometry, RRM2B-positive cells were recovered more frequently in the aging cell population. In aging human skin, RRM2B was also found to be more abundant in the dermis and epidermal basal layer than other proteins. Therefore, RRM2B may serve as a clinical marker to identify senescent skin cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is documented sex disparity in cutaneous melanoma incidence and mortality, increasing disproportionately with age and in the male sex. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. While biological sex differences and inherent immune response variability have been assessed in tumor cells, the role of the tumor-surrounding microenvironment, contextually in aging, has been overlooked. Here, we show that skin fibroblasts undergo age-mediated, sex-dependent changes in their proliferation, senescence, ROS levels, and stress response. We find that aged male fibroblasts selectively drive an invasive, therapy-resistant phenotype in melanoma cells and promote metastasis in aged male mice by increasing AXL expression. Intrinsic aging in male fibroblasts mediated by EZH2 decline increases BMP2 secretion, which in turn drives the slower-cycling, highly invasive, and therapy-resistant melanoma cell phenotype, characteristic of the aged male TME. Inhibition of BMP2 activity blocks the emergence of invasive phenotypes and sensitizes melanoma cells to BRAF/MEK inhibition. [Display omitted] • Skin fibroblasts show age- and sex-specific changes in proliferation and stress response • Male fibroblasts age faster due to elevated ROS levels • BMP2 is secreted in the aged male dermal microenvironment • BMP2 promotes slow-cycling, invasive, targeted therapy-resistant melanoma tumors Aging-driven and sex-dependent molecular changes in skin fibroblasts drive the emergence of invasive and therapy-resistant melanomas in male mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The integrated behaviour of multiple senescent cell types within a single human tissue leading to the development of malignancy is unclear. Patients with Familial Melanoma Syndrome (FMS) have heterozygous germline defects in the CDKN2A gene coding for the cyclin inhibitor p16INK4a. Melanocytes within skin biopsies from FMS patients express significantly less p16INK4a but express higher levels of the DNA‐damage protein 훾H2AX a than fibroblastic cells. However, patient fibroblasts also exhibit defects since senescent cells do not increase in the skin during ageing and fibroblasts isolated from the skin of patients have increased replicative capacity compared to control fibroblasts in vitro, culminating in abnormal nuclear morphology. Patient derived fibroblasts also secreted less SASP than control cells. Predisposition of FMS patients to melanoma may therefore result from integrated dysregulation of senescence in multiple cell types in vivo. The inherently greater levels of DNA damage and the overdependence of melanocytes on p16 for cell cycle inhibition after DNA damage makes them exquisitely susceptible to malignant transformation. This may be accentuated by senescence‐related defects in fibroblasts, in particular reduced SASP secretion that hinders recruitment of T cells in the steady state and thus reduces cutaneous immunosurveillance in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advancements in high-resolution imaging have significantly improved our understanding of microstructural changes in the skin and their relationship to the aging process. Line Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography (LC-OCT) provides detailed 3D insights into various skin layers, including the papillary dermis and its fibrous network. In this study, a deep learning model utilizing a 3D ResNet-18 network was trained to predict chronological age from LC-OCT images of 100 healthy Caucasian female volunteers, aged 20 to 70 years. The AI-based protocol focused on regions of interest delineated between the segmented dermal-epidermal junction and the superficial dermis, exploiting complex patterns within the collagen network for age prediction. The model achieved a mean absolute error of 4.2 years and exhibited a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.937 with actual ages. Furthermore, there was a notable correlation (r = 0.87) between quantified clinical scoring, encompassing parameters such as firmness, elasticity, density, and wrinkle appearance, and the ages predicted by deep learning model. This strong correlation underscores how integrating emerging imaging technologies with deep learning can accelerate aging research and deepen our understanding of how alterations in skin microstructure are related to visible signs of aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cellular senescence is an established cause of cell and tissue aging. Senescent cells have been shown to increase in multiple organs during aging, including the skin. Here we hypothesized that senescent cells residing in the skin can spread senescence to distant organs, thereby accelerating systemic aging processes. To explore this hypothesis, we initially observed an increase in several markers of senescence in the skin of aging mice. Subsequently, we conducted experiments wherein senescent fibroblasts were transplanted into the dermis of young mice and assessed various age‐associated parameters. Our findings reveal that the presence of senescent cells in the dermal layer of young mice leads to increased senescence in both proximal and distal host tissues, alongside increased frailty, and impaired musculoskeletal function. Additionally, there was a significant decline in cognitive function, concomitant with increased expression of senescence‐associated markers within the hippocampus brain area. These results support the concept that the accumulation of senescent cells in the skin can exert remote effects on other organs including the brain, potentially explaining links between skin and brain disorders and diseases and, contributing to physical and cognitive decline associated with aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single‐cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics enable unprecedented insight into cellular and molecular pathways implicated in human skin aging and regeneration. Senescent cells are individual cells that are irreversibly cell cycle arrested and can accumulate across the human lifespan due to cell‐intrinsic and ‐extrinsic stressors. With an atlas of single‐cell RNA‐sequencing and spatial transcriptomics, epidermal and dermal senescence and its effects were investigated, with a focus on melanocytes and fibroblasts. Photoaging due to ultraviolet light exposure was associated with higher burdens of senescent cells, a sign of biological aging, compared to chronological aging. A skin‐specific cellular senescence gene set, termed SenSkin™, was curated and confirmed to be elevated in the context of photoaging, chronological aging, and non‐replicating CDKN1A+ (p21) cells. In the epidermis, senescent melanocytes were associated with elevated melanin synthesis, suggesting haphazard pigmentation, while in the dermis, senescent reticular dermal fibroblasts were associated with decreased collagen and elastic fiber synthesis. Spatial analysis revealed the tendency for senescent cells to cluster, particularly in photoaged skin. This work proposes a strategy for characterizing age‐related skin dysfunction through the lens of cellular senescence and suggests a role for senescent epidermal cells (i.e., melanocytes) and senescent dermal cells (i.e., reticular dermal fibroblasts) in age‐related skin sequelae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased prevalence of skin ageing is a growing concern due to an ageing global population and has both sociological and psychological implications. The use of more clinically predictive in vitro methods for dermatological research is becoming commonplace due to initiatives and the cost of clinical testing. In this study, we utilise a well‐defined and characterised bioengineered skin construct as a tool to investigate the cellular and molecular dynamics involved in skin ageing from a dermal perspective. Through incorporation of ageing fibroblasts into the dermal compartment we demonstrate the significant impact of dermal‐epidermal crosstalk on the overlying epidermal epithelium. We characterise the paracrine nature of dermal‐epidermal communication and the impact this has during skin ageing. Soluble factors, such as inflammatory cytokines released as a consequence of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) from ageing fibroblasts, are known to play a pivotal role in skin ageing. Here, we demonstrate their effect on epidermal morphology and thickness, but not keratinocyte differentiation or tissue structure. Through a novel in vitro strategy utilising bioengineered tissue constructs, this study offers a unique reductionist approach to study epidermal and dermal compartments in isolation and tandem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Aims Methods Results Conclusions Keratin hydrolysates are active components used in food supplements to alleviate aging signs on skin, hair, and nails.This randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study evaluates a novel keratin hydrolysate obtained from poultry feathers. This feather keratin hydrolysate (FKH) results in a characteristic mix of free L‐amino acids (≥ 83.5%). FKH was administered as a food supplement to a panel of adult women showing aging physiological signs.Participants were randomly assigned in three groups to receive daily dosages of 500 or 1000 mg of FKH or placebo for 90 days. Parameters of skin roughness, wrinkle features, deep skin moisturization, skin maximum elongation and elasticity, skin thickness, skin anisotropy, skin density, gloss of skin, hair and nails, and nail hardness were evaluated. Subjects also answered a questionnaire related to the treatment efficacy perception.Both FKH treatments showed a significant improvement of all parameters compared to day 0 and to placebo, with an exception for fiber anisotropy and fiber density which showed a significant improvement compared to day 0 and a tendency to improve compared to placebo. These measurements were bolstered by the results of a self‐assessment questionnaire, showing an overall set of positive answers for both treatments compared to placebo.Oral supplementation of FKH for 90 days is associated with an improvement in the appearance of facial skin, hair, and nails. This study highlights the benefits of free L‐amino acids mix as potential aminobiotics and not just as building blocks of proteins, suggesting a new perspective of nutricosmetic food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermal damage is inducible by several factors including UV exposure, oxidative stress and inflammation exacerbating skin senescence and degradation of the skin elastic fibers accumulated in ageing accordingly. Which, phenolics of food hydroxycinnamates with a myriad of health benefits are potentially applicable for ageing treatment. Particularly those of food hydroxycinnamic acids, i.e., caffeic, sinapic and rosmarinic acids, that would be efficient against skin ageing. Effectiveness of caffeic, sinapic and rosmarinic acids alleviating ageing was indicated in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) and co-culture of human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and HDF. Caffeic acid was exhibited as the strongest (p < 0.01) anti-senescent phenolic examined. The studied food hydroxycinnamic acids were shown to induce collagen synthesis in aged HDF with the noted activities inhibiting MMP-1 and IL-6. Their photoaging protections were proved in the co-culture model with significant (p < 0.001) inhibitions against IL-6, IL-8, MMP-1 and MMP-9 (collagen and elastin degrading enzymes). Which, caffeic acid was demonstrated as the most potent photoaging agent among its counterparts. Caffeic, sinapic and rosmarinic acids were proved to be the efficient nutrients for ageing treatment. These functional food hydroxycinnamates are proven on their anti-senescent and photoprotection activities, and capable to maintain homeostasis of dermal cells. Food-derived hydroxycinnamic acids are therefore recommended for innovative product alleviates skin ageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arthospira platensis and Spirulina platensis microalgae are a rich source of pro-health metabolites (% d.m.): proteins (50.0–71.3/46.0–63.0), carbohydrates (16.0–20.0/12.0–17.0), fats (0.9–14.2/6.4–14.3), polyphenolic compounds and phenols (7.3–33.2/7.8–44.5 and 4.2/0.3 mg GAE/g), and flavonoids (1.9/0.2 QUE/g) used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations. This review summarises the research on the chemical profile, therapeutic effects in dermatological problems, application of Arthrospira and Spirulina microalgae, and contraindications to their use. The pro-health properties of these microalgae were analysed based on the relevant literature from 2019 to 2024. The antiviral mechanism of microalgal activity involves the inhibition of viral replication and enhancement of immunity. The anti-acne activity is attributed to alkaloids, alkanes, phenols, alkenes, phycocyanins, phthalates, tannins, carboxylic and phthalic acids, saponins, and steroids. The antibacterial activity generally depends on the components and structure of the bacterial cell wall. Their healing effect results from the inhibition of inflammatory and apoptotic processes, reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines, stimulation of angiogenesis, and proliferation of fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The photoprotective action is regulated by amino acids, phlorotannins, carotenoids, mycosporins, and polyphenols inhibiting the production of tyrosinase, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and free oxygen radicals in fibroblasts and the stimulation of collagen production. Microalgae are promising molecular ingredients in innovative formulations of parapharmaceuticals and cosmetics used in the prophylaxis and therapy of dermatological problems. This review shows the application of spirulina-based commercial skin-care products as well as the safety and contraindications of spirulina use. Furthermore, the main directions for future studies of the pro-health suitability of microalgae exerting multidirectional effects on human skin are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objectives: Facial photoaging is a type of facial skin aging induced mainly by exogenous factors (ultraviolet radiation) and often manifests itself in the form of hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, roughness, increase in fine lines/wrinkles, and enlarged pores. Recently, picosecond lasers have become an emerging option for the treatment of facial photoaging, and long‐pulse alexandrite lasers (LPAL) have demonstrated promising potential in the treatment of photoaging‐related symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of picosecond alexandrite laser (PSAL) with diffractive lens array (DLA) combined with LPAL for facial photoaging. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 20 Chinese female patients with facial photoaging who received PSAL with DLA combined with LPAL during a 1‐year period. All patients were treated every 4 weeks for a total of three treatments. Objective indicators of facial photoaging and patient satisfaction were evaluated before each treatment, and pain scores and adverse effects were recorded after each treatment. Results: Compared with baseline, patients showed significant differences in all facial photoaging indices (p < 0.01). After receiving three treatments, there was a 20.1% decrease in the pigmentation index, a 23.9% decrease in the erythema index, a 34.5% decrease in the texture index, a 28.4% decrease in the fine lines index, a 56% decrease in the pore index, a 9.3% elevation and a 17.1% decrease in elasticity R2 and F4, respectively, and a 55% decrease in sebum content. The mean satisfaction score for the three treatments was 4.67 (3.33, 5.00), and the mean visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score was 7.00. No serious adverse effects such as post‐inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH), hypopigmentation, or blistering were observed at the treatment site during the treatment period. Conclusion: PSAL with DLA combined with LPAL for the treatment of facial photoaging with significant efficacy, high patient satisfaction, and minimal adverse effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We sought to review the biology and clinical benefits of genistein, a plant-derived isoflavone with emphasis on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. The focus is on assessing its impact on skin health and aesthetics as well as bone density and cardiovascular and metabolic functions. Methods: This narrative review used PubMed to collect studies relating to the biology and clinical effects of genistein on postmenopausal signs and symptoms, including bone density loss, metabolic issues and symptoms, and skin aging. Articles were selected based on relevance to the scope of genistein's influence on estrogen receptors and their downstream effects. This review included in vitro, in vivo, animal, and human studies. Results: According to the current literature, genistein demonstrates efficacy in mitigating menopausal signs and symptoms such as hot flashes, bone density loss and rate of osteoporosis, and skin aging. It shows a protective effect against cardiovascular diseases by improving lipid profiles, weight changes, and reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. It also displays benefits in increasing bone mineral density but has not displayed the side effects commonly associated with estrogen replacement. Regarding skin health, genistein appears to enhance photoprotection, wound healing, elasticity, and hydration, inhibits skin cancer, and reduces wrinkles. Conclusion: Genistein acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) with benefits across a spectrum of menopausal signs and symptoms, presenting a viable alternative to estrogen replacement in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. Its utility extends to improving cardiovascular health, bone density, and skin quality, making it a comprehensive treatment option for peri and postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Aims Patients/Methods Results Conclusions Skin biorevitalization involves multiple intradermal injections to enhance skin quality, but precise dermal targeting can be challenging due to variations in skin thickness smaller, less painful needles with fewer skin reactions are attractive options.This study evaluates a new Micro‐Needle device's performance and safety in comparison with the classic needle used in skin biorevitalization.Subjects with facial and neck skin aging were enrolled. Safety outcomes, including immediate and local tolerability, were assessed. Performance outcomes measured skin radiance, wrinkles and photoaging grade, hydration, subepidermal low echogenic band, dermis thickness, and skin elasticity. Both subjects and investigators recorded Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale scores.Micro‐Needle injections demonstrated superior performance compared to the classic needle, influenced by the specific skin zones and thickness. Micro‐Needle was superior for skin wrinkles at D49 for periorbital zone and nasolabial folds by −14.5% (p = 0.01) and −15% (p = 0.004), respectively, and for neck by 9.6% (p = 0.0008). The Nanosoft device showed a faster improvement for skin hydration at D42 for the cheek zone (p = 0.04) and at D75 for the neck area (p = 0.01); and for skin radiance at D75 (p = 0.03) and at D120 (p = 0.0098). Ex vivo studies confirmed the Micro‐Needle's accuracy in product placement in the dermis. Adverse events were milder with Micro‐Needle and no serious adverse events occurred.Both needles significantly improved skin quality, but Micro‐Needle enhanced the outcomes of skin biorevitalization procedures, particularly in terms of skin wrinkle reduction, elasticity, and overall skin hydration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this is to examine the visualization, dynamicity, and collaborative networking of scientific production on visible light (VL) and skin aging through scientometric analysis. Materials and Methods: This research consisted of a cross‐sectional and descriptive design with a scientometric approach that examined the publication trends and collaborative patterns among authors and institutions from 2018 to 2023. A comprehensive search strategy was also employed by using specific keywords related to VL and skin aging. In this case, several indicators were employed, including scholarly output, view count, field‐weighted citation impact (FWCI), and citation count. The analyses were performed by using SciVal software and R Studio version 4.3.2. Results: A total of 180 sources were identified, with 280 documents generated, indicating an annual growth rate of 6.72%. The documents, averaging 3.25 years in age, received an average of 12.14 citations, revealing their impact. Additionally, collaborations were evident, with a ratio of 5.6 coauthors per paper and 25.71% consisting of international collaborations. In terms of institutions, there were notable disparities in scholarly activities and impact metrics, highlighting the diversity of the research landscape. Meanwhile, journals, such as Photodermatology, Photoimmunology and Photomedicine, revealed a substantial impact (FWCI 2.05). Overall, the impact of the journals showed a general upward trend, reflecting dynamicity and variability over time. Conclusion: An annual growth rate of 6.72% was found, with 180 sources and 280 papers on VL and skin aging. Moreover, international collaborations, the positive impact in leading journals, and the distribution patterns identified through scientometric laws underscored the vitality and complexity of the field. These results offer valuable insights into guiding future research in this multidisciplinary field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring personal ultraviolet (UV) exposure facilitates risk mitigation against UV‐induced skin aging and skin cancer, the most common malignancy in North America, Europe, and Australia. UV radiometers convey real‐time information on local UV irradiance, while UV dosimeters count accumulated UV exposure over time. These devices can help users manage exposure levels in order to reach a healthy daily dose of UV light required for vitamin D production without exceeding erythemal limits that would increase skin cancer risk. However, personal UV detectors still suffer from several limitations. Wearable electronic UV sensors are relatively bulky, heavy, and expensive, while the more commonly used on‐skin disposable colorimetric UV sensors suffer from short service life, skin discomfort, and high accumulated costs when used daily as recommended. Intradermal colorimetric UV nanosensors can overcome these limitations, offering long‐term, comfortable, and inexpensive naked‐eye colorimetric indication of intradermal UV irradiance. Now, a new generation of UV‐sensing intradermal pigments with an improved design offers better tunability, stability, and biocompatibility. These UV‐photochromic nanosensors may be operated as UV dosimeters or simple sunscreen efficacy monitors, depending on the formulation, and can remain functional and re‐usable in the dermis for years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin aging and photoaging is a process that may appear at a relatively early age, causing an aesthetic problem. Common signs of skin aging include wrinkles, dyspigmentation, and decreased elasticity. Aim: Aim of this article is to study the effectiveness and safety of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) for skin rejuvenation. Methods: Thirty Syrian female patients aged 25–50 participated in this study and were diagnosed with moderate to severe melasma and wrinkles. The patients were divided into two groups and received LLLT with a wavelength of 660 nm emitting a continuous wave. The power density and dose used were 15.6 mW/cm2, and 3 J/cm2 respectively, and the laser effective area was 32 cm2. The evaluation was done before, during, and after 12 treatment sessions, based on photographs, in addition to the modified Melasma Area Severity Index (MASI), Pinch test, and Fitzpatrick's classification of facial wrinkling at baseline. Results: Comparing before, and after treatment, and between the two groups, revealed a significant improvement in skin rejuvenation, with a statistical significance (p < 0.05). Additional outcome measures included assessments of patient satisfaction scores, and no adverse effects or re‐pigmentation were reported. Conclusions: Our results suggest that LLLT may be a useful and safe therapeutic option in treating melasma, skin elasticity, and wrinkle improvement, which we advised to be integrated into treatment, and follow‐up programs in cosmetics and dermatology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Topical tretinoin is the mainstay of treatment for photoageing, despite the risk of skin irritation. Cosmetic combination anti‐ageing formulations may offer similar efficacy to tretinoin, while improving on tolerability. We aim to demonstrate facial appearance benefits of a novel triple‐active cosmetic formulation containing 4‐hexylresorcinol, retinyl propionate, and niacinamide and to identify transcriptomic biomarkers underpinning these benefits. Methods: A cosmetic prototype formulation containing 4‐hexylresorcinol, retinyl propionate, and niacinamide was evaluated ex vivo and in a clinical study. For ex vivo experiments, the cosmetic formulation was applied for 3 days to healthy surgical discard skin from female donors aged 31–51 years, with tissues harvested for gene expression and histologic analyses. In the clinical study, females aged 47–66 years with moderate‐to‐severe overall visual photodamage on the face applied either topical 0.02% tretinoin or the cosmetic formulation to the face for 16 weeks and to forearms for 1 week, with forearm biopsies taken for gene expression analyses. Visual grading for facial photodamage and VISIA‐CR images was taken throughout the clinical study. Safety was visually assessed during site visits, and adverse event monitoring was conducted throughout. Results: Gene expression analyses in both studies revealed modulation of pathways associated with skin rejuvenation, with several genes of interest identified due to being implicated in ageing and differentially expressed following the application of the cosmetic formulation. Reversal of a consensus skin ageing gene signature was observed with the cosmetic formulation and tretinoin in the ex vivo and clinical studies. Both the cosmetic formulation and tretinoin clinically improved the overall appearance of photoageing, crow's feet, lines, wrinkles, and pores. Adverse event reporting showed that the cosmetic formulation caused less skin irritation than tretinoin. Conclusion: In a double‐blind clinical study, the novel triple‐active cosmetic combination formulation improved the visual appearance of photoageing similarly to prescription tretinoin. The cosmetic formulation and tretinoin reversed a consensus gene signature associated with ageing. Together with adverse event reporting, these results suggest that the cosmetic formulation may be a well‐tolerated and efficacious alternative to tretinoin for improving the visual features of photoageing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advancements in understanding skin aging mechanisms, which encompass both external and internal aging processes, have spurred the development of innovative treatments primarily aimed at improving cosmetic appearance. These findings offer the potential for the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed at achieving long-term, non-therapy-dependent clinical benefits, including the reversal of aging and the mitigation of associated health conditions. Realizing this goal requires further research to establish the safety and efficacy of targeting aging-related skin changes, such as pigmentation, wrinkling, and collagen loss. Systematic investigation is needed to identify the most effective interventions and determine optimal anti-aging treatment strategies. These reviews highlight the features and possible mechanisms of skin aging, as well as the latest progress and future direction of skin aging research, to provide a theoretical basis for new practical anti-skin aging strategies. [Display omitted] • Skin aging is not only affected by genetic, and chronological but also by extrinsic (environmental). • Possible mechanisms and potential targets for aging-related skin changes were reported. • The latest progress and future development direction of skin aging research were conclusions. • The theoretical basis for new practical anti-skin aging strategies was provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin represents the main barrier against the external environment, but also plays a role in human relations, as one of the prime determinants of beauty, resulting in a high consumer demand for skincare-related pharmaceutical products. Given the importance of skin aging in both medical and social spheres, the present research aims to characterize microscopic changes in human skin composition due to intrinsic aging (as opposed to aging influenced by external factors) via histological analysis of a photoprotected body region. Samples from 25 autopsies were taken from the periumbilical area and classified into four age groups: group 1 (0–12 years), group 2 (13–25 years), group 3 (26–54 years), and group 4 (≥ 55 years). Different traditional histological (hematoxylin–eosin, Masson's trichrome, orcein, toluidine, Alcian blue, and Feulgen reaction) and immunohistochemical (CK20, CD1a, Ki67, and CD31) stains were performed. A total of 1879 images photographed with a Leica DM3000 optical microscope were morphometrically analyzed using Image ProPlus 7.0 for further statistical analysis with GraphPad 9.0. Our results showed a reduction in epidermis thickness, interdigitation and mitotic indexes, while melanocyte count was raised. Papillary but not reticular dermis showed increased thickness with aging. Specifically, in the papillary layer mast cells and glycosaminoglycans were expanded, whereas the reticular dermis displayed a diminution in glycosaminoglycans and elastic fibers. Moreover, total cellularity and vascularization of both dermises were diminished with aging. This morphometric analysis of photoprotected areas reveals that intrinsic aging significantly influences human skin composition. This study paves the way for further research into the molecular basis underpinning these alterations, and into potential antiaging strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of ageing on the body and its association with skin harm and frailty in relation to multimorbidity, comorbidity and polypharmacy is clearly described in the literature. The ageing population globally brings with it the challenge for healthcare professionals of managing individuals with increasingly complex and inter-related needs. This article considers ageing skin and skin tears within the context of frailty as a syndrome. It discusses what frailty is understood to be, how to recognise and assess for it, and how to consider risk and prevention of harm to the skin of the ageing person with frailty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oxidative stress is a primary contributor to human skin aging, while antioxidants are known to mitigate skin damage related to aging processes. In this study, we investigated the possible action of trifluoromethyl phenethyl mesalazine (TFM), an antioxidizing agent, on skin aging processes, including skin wrinkles and pigmentation. Our data revealed that TFM exerted a strong free radical scavenging capability and notably inhibited melanin production. Moreover, TFM downregulated the UV-induced production of matrix metalloproteinase-1 and interleukin-6 in cultured human skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, in a clinical study with 24 women, TFM significantly reduced skin wrinkles and improved skin brightness compared to a placebo. These findings highlight the previously unrecognized effects of TFM on skin health by mitigating skin aging processes associated with oxidative damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Senescent cells accumulate with age and contribute to age‐related diseases and organ dysfunctions. Early evidence suggests that removal of senescent cells using senolytic drugs improves the aging phenotype in mice and may improve the health of individuals with chronic diseases. Signs of skin aging, including wrinkles, and sagging, occur largely due to the accumulation of senescent fibroblasts within the dermis; However, there is currently no skin treatment that eliminates senescent cells. In this study, human fibroblasts subjected to replicative aging and ionizing radiation exposure are used to screen plant extracts for potential senescent cell‐destructive and/or senescent cell‐forming activities. Angelica acutiloba—a traditional Chinese herbal medicine—selectively kills senescent cells without affecting the proliferating cells. Among the major components of this herb, ligustilide shows promising senescent cell‐destructive properties, and selectively eliminates senescent cells by inducing an apoptosis. Moreover, ligustilide markedly inhibits senescence‐associated secretory phenotypes. Administration of ligustilide to mouse skin eliminates senescent cells and increases dermal collagen density and subcutaneous adipose tissue content; it selectively promotes death of senescent cells without affecting non‐senescent cells. These results provide evidence that a natural compound—ligustilide—may exhibit therapeutic effects on the skin aging phenotype by specifically inducing apoptosis in senescent cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced nurse practitioner Michelle McLean delves into the benefits of poly-L-lactic acid filler (PLLA) for skin rejuvenation and restoration as patients demand a 'less is more' approach to facial aesthetics. A recent surge in patients wanting to restore or preserve a youthful appearance has seen a surge in popularity for collagen stimulators due to their association with high levels of patient satisfaction, long-lasting efficiency, minor adverse events and sound safety profile (Christen, 2022). Patients are increasingly opting for a 'less is more' visual aesthetic, hoping to achieve subtle, natural-looking, undetectable results. To meet patient goals, clinicians are utilising combination approaches in facial aesthetics, utilising products with PLLA because of its desirable results. PLLA is a powerful, well-tolerated tool for clinicians to employ for the non-surgical augmentation of the ageing face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties of skin change during aging but the relationships between structure and mechanical function remain poorly understood. Previous work has shown that young skin exhibits a substantial decrease in tissue volume, a large macro-scale Poisson's ratio, and an increase in micro-scale collagen fiber alignment during mechanical stretch. In this study, label-free multiphoton microscopy was used to quantify how the microstructure and fiber kinematics of aged mouse skin affect its mechanical function. In an unloaded state, aged skin was found to have less collagen alignment and more non-enzymatic collagen fiber crosslinks. Skin samples were then loaded in uniaxial tension and aged skin exhibited a lower mechanical stiffness compared to young skin. Aged tissue also demonstrated less volume reduction and a lower macro-scale Poisson's ratio at 10% uniaxial strain, but not at 20% strain. The magnitude of 3D fiber realignment in the direction of loading was not different between age groups, and the amount of realignment in young and aged skin was less than expected based on theoretical fiber kinematics affine to the local deformation. These findings provide key insights on how the collagen fiber microstructure changes with age, and how those changes affect the mechanical function of skin, findings which may help guide wound healing or anti-aging treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion Clinical assessment of wrinkle depth is essential for efficacy evaluations of anti‐ageing products. Standardized photographic scales, representative of different wrinkle depths are often used by experts to assign subjects reliable grades. These tools, based on real pictures, usually exist as hard copies (printed books or sheets) for in vivo gradings. Our project aims at developing a methodology to create digital standardized computer‐generated scales, allowing photograph and real‐life gradings, and providing raters with greater comfort, accessibility, and flexibility in their construction, thanks to the artificial intelligence significative contribution.A completely new approach, based on machine learning, allows the creation of Standardized ColorFace® AI‐based Wrinkle Assessment (SCAWA) scales. Instead of using real photographs, the scale images are computer‐generated. A generative adversarial network (GAN) is trained to create realistic wrinkle samples that are finely controllable by exploring the GAN latent space. Finally, the scale images are selected among hundreds of artificial images depicting natural wrinkle appearances, such as the illustrated wrinkle evolution is well‐detailed (small gaps between grades), morphologically stable, and mathematically linear according to a criterion of wrinkle conspicuous depth.The created 12‐point scale for crow's feet wrinkle evaluation on ColorFace® pictures is proven to be realistic, linear, and robustly and accurately usable for photograph assessments. The scale coherence in terms of image ranking has been validated, as well as its reliability and acceptability in real conditions of use. Additionally, the wrinkle grades obtained by the SCAWA scale are well correlated (R = 0.94) with the ones obtained by the Skin Aging Atlas on the same pictures. The AI methodology and digital format brought also interesting side results, such as an enhanced harmonization between experts and a higher representativeness, that is, a decrease of out‐of‐range pictures.SCAWA scale makes the most of machine learning to provide an innovative digital tool to ease wrinkles in visual assessment of pictures, while optimizing linearity, homogeneity, and accuracy aspects. The experts' enthusiastic feedback about the scale format and quality is promising regarding the adaptation of the methodology to other signs and a larger distribution of this tool in the market of cosmetic product efficacy assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ageing is defined as the progressive loss of tissue function and regenerative capacity and is caused by both intrinsic factors i.e. the natural accumulation of damage, and extrinsic factors i.e. damage from environmental stressors. Cellular senescence, in brief, is an irreversible exit from the cell cycle that occurs primarily in response to excessive cellular damage, such as from ultraviolet (UV) exposure and oxidative stress, and it has been comprehensively demonstrated to contribute to tissue and organismal ageing. In this review, we will focus on the skin, an organ which acts as an essential protective barrier against injury, insults, and infection. We will explore the evidence for the existence and contribution of cellular senescence to skin ageing. We discuss the known molecular mechanisms driving senescence in the skin, with a focus on the dysregulation of the master growth regulator, mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1). We explore the interplay of dysregulated mTORC1 with lysosomes and how they contribute to senescence phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusion To evaluate the relationship between premenstrual disorders (PMD) and age, we analyzed the prevalence and severity of psycho‐emotional and physical symptoms in a representative sample of Brazilian women.This observational and retrospective study analyzed data from Brazilian women aged 20–49 years from five regions of the country who reported premenstrual symptoms. Participants completed a premenstrual symptom screening questionnaire and self‐reported the presence and severity of their symptoms. Among 23 104 women reporting does premenstrual symptoms, 38.91% (n = 8990) experienced PMD caused functional impairment. Finally, 5121 participants agreed to complete the adapted version of the screening questionnaire.The age group distribution was 20–29 (46.7%), 30–39 (38.3%), and 40–49 years (15%). The most prevalent and severe physical symptom was acne/oily skin in participants aged 20–29 years and headache in women aged 30–49 years. Regarding psycho‐emotional symptoms, the most prevalent was anxiety/tension in women aged 20–29 years and 40–49 years and irritability/anger in those aged 30–39 years. Irritability/anger was the most severe symptom in all groups.PMD significantly impacts the quality of life of Brazilian women with varying intensity. Physical symptoms associated with PMD vary with age, while psycho‐emotional symptoms, particularly irritability/anger and anxiety, were intense in Brazilian women of reproductive age. These findings inform early diagnosis and individualized treatment approaches for PMD, addressing the needs of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aging paradox highlights the coexistence of increased life expectancy with a persistent desire to maintain a youthful appearance, driven by biological, psychological, and social factors. Advances in healthcare have extended human lifespans, yet societal pressure to appear youthful remains strong. Understanding the genetic, epigenetic, and environmental contributors to skin aging is crucial for optimising aesthetic procedures. Methods: This literature review synthesises research on the aging paradox, genetic influences on skin aging, and the effectiveness of non-surgical aesthetic interventions. The review involved a comprehensive search across databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and Scopus using keywords like "aging paradox", "genetic imprint", "non-surgical aesthetics", "epigenetics", and "anti-aging treatments". Studies were selected based on relevance, credibility, recency, and diversity of perspectives. Results: The review identified 64 studies relevant to the aging paradox and non-surgical interventions. These studies underscore the significant roles of genetic variations and epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and microRNA regulation, in determining aging trajectories and treatment responses. The proposed "PERSONAL" (Personalised Epigenetic Regime for Skin Optimisation, Nurturing Aesthetic Longevity) paradigm advocates for a comprehensive, personalised approach, integrating genetic and epigenetic profiling to tailor treatments to individual needs. Conclusions: By leveraging the complex interplay of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, practitioners can enhance the precision and efficacy of non-surgical aesthetic interventions, improving patient satisfaction and promoting long-term skin health. Continuous monitoring and iterative adjustments within this paradigm are essential for achieving optimal outcomes. Level of evidence: Level 4, therapeutic study [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Backgrounds Aims Methods Results Conclusions With the increasing demand for beauty and a healthy lifespan, studies regarding anti‐skin aging have drawn much more attention than ever before. Skin cellular senescence, the primary cause of skin aging, is characterized by a cell cycle arrest in proliferating cells along with a senescence‐associated secretory phenotype (SASP), which can be triggered by various internal or external stimuli.Recent studies have made significant progress in the fields of anti‐senescence and anti‐aging. However, little is known about the roles and functions of natural compounds, particularly flavonoids, in skin cellular senescence studies.In this study, using strategies including ionizing radiation (IR), senescence‐associated β galactosidase assay (SA‐β‐Gal), immunofluorescence (IF), flow cytometry, PCR array, as well as in vivo experiments, we investigated the effects and roles of troxerutin (Trx), a natural flavonoid, in skin keratinocyte senescence.We found that Trx delays skin keratinocyte senescence induced by IR. Mechanistically, Trx protects the skin keratinocyte cells from senescence by alleviating reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and DNA damage caused by IR. In addition, Trx was also proved to relieve skin senescence and SASP secretion in vivo induced by IR stimulation.Altogether, our findings pointed to a new function of Trx in delaying stress‐induced skin keratinocyte senescence, and should thus provide theoretical foundations for exploring novel strategies against skin aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study evaluates the feasibility and impact of conveying personalized sun protection message supported by a UV photograph of the face in Switzerland. Methods: 440 adults from 14 private and public sites associated with high sun exposure received a skin cancer prevention intervention composed of a facial UV-filtered photograph and individual counselling by a trained registered nurse. Pre-/post intervention surveys assessed sun protection of participants, their skin cancer risk and reasons for behavioural change. Results: The range of facial UV spots' count per individual was very broad (0-590) and mainly determined by phototype, followed by age. Three months after the intervention, 61% of participants positively changed their sun protection habit both during leisure and at work. Use of all sun protection means increased. No factor could be specifically associated to that propension for change. The individualized message was perceived as the main motivation for change. Conclusion: Personalized sun protection messages supported by a facial UV photograph led to significant favourable behavioural change in a highly sun-exposed population of adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Particulate matter (PM) is a harmful air pollutant composed of chemicals and metals which affects human health by penetrating both the respiratory system and skin, causing oxidative stress and inflammation. This review investigates the association between PM and skin disease, focusing on the underlying molecular mechanisms and specific disease pathways involved. Studies have shown that PM exposure is positively associated with skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne, and skin aging. PM-induced oxidative stress damages lipids, proteins, and DNA, impairing cellular functions and triggering inflammatory responses through pathways like aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), NF-κB, and MAPK. This leads to increased production of inflammatory cytokines and exacerbates skin conditions. PM exposure exacerbates AD by triggering inflammation and barrier disruption. It disrupts keratinocyte differentiation and increases pro-inflammatory cytokines in psoriasis. In acne, it increases sebum production and inflammatory biomarkers. It accelerates skin aging by degrading ECM proteins and increasing MMP-1 and COX2. In conclusion, PM compromises skin health by penetrating skin barriers, inducing oxidative stress and inflammation through mechanisms like ROS generation and activation of key pathways, leading to cellular damage, apoptosis, and autophagy. This highlights the need for protective measures and targeted treatments to mitigate PM-induced skin damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New active ingredients, including those of plant origin, which could protect the skin against various harmful factors, such as UV radiation and free radicals responsible for skin ageing, are still being sought. The present study was focused on the antioxidant activity of Hippophaë rhamnoides L. and Vaccinium oxycoccos L. fruit glycolic extracts. Investigations were also carried out to evaluate the effect of UVA radiation and the storage of the sea buckthorn and European cranberry extracts at an elevated temperature of 50 °C on their interactions with free radicals. The kinetics of the interactions of the extracts with DPPH were assessed using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The sea buckthorn and European cranberry extracts quench the EPR signal of DPPH free radicals, which indicates their antioxidant potential. The EPR method further showed that a mixture of sea buckthorn and cranberry extracts in a volume ratio of 2:1 was more potent in quenching free radicals compared to a mixture of these extracts in a ratio of 1:2. Our findings demonstrate that long-term UVA radiation exposure reduces the ability of sea buckthorn and cranberry extracts to interact with free radicals. Moreover, storage at elevated temperatures does not affect the interaction of sea buckthorn extract with free radicals, while it alters the ability of cranberry extract to interact with free radicals. This study has demonstrated that an important factor in maintaining the ability to scavenge radicals is the storage of raw materials under appropriate conditions. H. rhamnoides and V. oxycoccos extracts can be used as valuable raw materials with antioxidant properties in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skin aging has been associated with the onset of various skin issues, and recent studies have identified an increase in Cdc42 activity in naturally aging mice. While previous literature has suggested that CASIN, a specific inhibitor of Cdc42 activity, may possess anti‐aging properties, its specific effects on the epidermis and dermis, as well as the underlying mechanisms in naturally aging mice, remain unclear. Our study revealed that CASIN demonstrated the ability to increase epidermal and dermal thickness, enhance dermal‐epidermal junction, and stimulate collagen and elastic fiber synthesis in 9‐, 15‐, and 24‐month‐old C57BL/6 mice in vivo. Moreover, CASIN was found to enhance the proliferation, differentiation, and colony formation and restore the cytoskeletal morphology of primary keratinocytes in naturally aging skin in vitro. Furthermore, the anti‐aging properties of CASIN on primary fibroblasts in aging mice were mediated by the ribosomal protein RPL4 using proteomic sequencing, influencing collagen synthesis and cytoskeletal morphology both in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, both subcutaneous injection and topical application exhibited anti‐aging effects for a duration of 21 days. Additionally, CASIN exhibited anti‐inflammatory properties, while reduced expression of RPL4 was associated with increased inflammation in the skin of naturally aging mice. Taken together, our results unveil a novel function of RPL4 in skin aging, providing a foundational basis for future investigations into ribosomal proteins. And CASIN shows promise as a potential anti‐aging agent for naturally aging mouse skin, suggesting potential applications in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evidence of the correlation between cellular senescence and aging has increased in research with animal models. These models have been intentionally generated to target and regulate cellular senescent cells with the promoter activity of p16Ink4a or p19Arf, genes that are highly expressed in aging cells. However, the senolytic efficiency in various organs and cells from these models represents unexpected variation and diversity in some cases. We have generated a novel knock‐in model, p16tdT‐hDTR mice, which possess tdTomato and human diphtheria toxin receptor (hDTR) downstream of Cdkn2a, an endogenous p16Ink4a gene. We successfully demonstrated that p16‐derived tdTomato and hDTR expressions are observed in these mouse embryo fibroblasts and following treatment with diphtheria toxin (DT) eliminates those cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated the efficacy of eliminating p16‐positive cells in vivo, and also observed a tendency to decrease their cutaneous SA‐β‐gal activity after subcutaneous DT injection into p16tdT‐hDTR mice. In particular, comprehensive gene expression analysis in skin revealed that upregulated genes related to lipid metabolisms with aging exhibited remarkable expressions under the senolysis. These results clearly unveiled p16‐positive senescent cells contribute to age‐related changes in skin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusion Skin aging research often focuses on the dermis, overlooking the significance of the retinacular cutis (RC) in aging. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy, safety, and effect of an injectable solution containing hyaluronic acid, amino acids, and peptides, on facial sagging and laxity by targeting the RC.This single‐center observational study recruited 28 female volunteers aged 25–65 years. The participants received four monthly injections of the studied solution. Objective measures included skin hydration, elasticity, color, thickness, collagen density evaluated via DermaLab Combo and high‐resolution ultrasound imaging. Subjective measures included participant satisfaction evaluated using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS). Adverse effects were monitored throughout the study period.Significant improvements were observed in skin hydration, elasticity, and collagen density after treatment. Hydration increased by 25.9% at T1 (30 days after last session), sustaining a 15.9% increase at T2 (120 days after last session). Elasticity improved by 29.2% at T1 and 20.7% at T2. Collagen density increased by 20.27% at T1 and 16.71% at T2. Self‐reported GAIS scores showed consistent increases. Adverse effects were minimal and included only transient ecchymosis and mild pain.Injections of the solution had a substantial hydrating effect, enhanced elasticity, and increased collagen density in the RC and dermis. Results persisted at the 120‐day follow‐up, indicating sustained benefits. Hence, this injectable solution may offer a safe and effective non‐invasive treatment option for improving skin laxity and sagging, targeting the RC and other deep connective tissue such as retaining ligaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aging leads to biochemical and biomechanical changes in skin, with biological and functional consequences. Despite extensive literature on skin aging, there is a lack of studies which investigate the maturation of the tissue and connect the microscopic changes in the skin to its macroscopic biomechanical behavior as it evolves over time. The present work addresses this knowledge gap using multiscale characterization of skin in a murine model considering newborn, adult and aged mice. Monotonic uniaxial loading, tension relaxation with change of bath, and loading to failure tests were performed on murine skin samples from different age groups, complemented by inflation experiments and atomic force microscopy indentation measurements. In parallel, skin samples were characterized using histological and biochemical techniques to assess tissue morphology, collagen organization, as well as collagen content and cross-linking. We show that 1-week-old skin differs across nearly all measured parameters from adult skin, showing reduced strain stiffening and tensile strength, a thinner dermis, lower collagen content and altered crosslinking patterns. Surprisingly, adult and aged skin were similar across most biomechanical parameters in the physiologic loading range, while aged skin had lower tensile strength and lower stiffening behavior at large force values. This correlates with altered collagen content and cross-links. Based on a computational model, differences in mechanocoupled stimuli in the skin of the different age groups were calculated, pointing to a potential biological significance of the age-induced biomechanical changes in regulating the local biophysical environment of dermal cells. Skin microstructure and the emerging mechanical properties change with age, leading to biological, functional and health-related consequences. Despite extensive literature on skin aging, only very limited quantitative data are available on microstructural changes and the corresponding macroscopic biomechanical behavior as they evolve over time. This work provides a wide-range multiscale mechanical characterization of skin of newborn, adult and aged mice, and quantifies microstructural correlations in tissue morphology, collagen content, organization and cross-linking. Remarkably, aged skin retained normal hydration and normal biomechanical function in the physiological loading range but showed significantly reduced properties at super-physiological loading. Our data show that age-related microstructural differences have a profound effect not only on tissue-level properties but also on the cell-level biophysical environment. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aimed to determine whether a polyphenol-rich cranberry beverage affects skin properties, lipids, and the microbiome in women using a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over design. Twenty-two women with Fitzpatrick skin types 2–3 were randomized to drink a cranberry beverage or placebo for six weeks. After a 21-day washout, they consumed the opposite beverage for six weeks. Six weeks of cranberry beverage significantly reduced UVB-induced erythema, improved net elasticity on the face and forearm, smoothness on the face, and gross elasticity on the forearm compared to the placebo. When stratified by age, these effects of the cranberry beverage were primarily observed in women >40 years old. SOD activities were improved after six weeks of cranberry beverage consumption compared to the placebo, while glutathione peroxide and TNF-α were improved compared to baseline. These effects were found to differ by age group. Skin lipid composition was modulated by both the cranberry beverage and the placebo. Cranberry beverages did not change α- or β-diversity but altered the abundance of several skin microbes at the species and strain level. Consumption of a cranberry beverage for six weeks improved specific skin properties and oxidative stress and modulated skin lipids and microbiome compared to placebo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In populations with chronic disease, skin autofluorescence (SAF), a measure of long-term fluorescent advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) accumulation in body tissues, has been associated with vascular endothelial function, measured using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). The primary aim of this study was to quantify the relationship between endothelial function and tissue accumulation of AGEs in adults from the general population to determine whether SAF could be used as a marker to predict early impairment of the endothelium. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 125 participants (median age: 28.5 y, IQR: 24.4–36.0; 54% women). Endothelial function was measured by fasting FMD. Skin AGEs were measured as SAF using an AGE Reader. Participant anthropometry, blood pressure, and blood biomarkers were also measured. Associations were evaluated using multivariable regression analysis and were adjusted for significant covariates. Results: FMD was inversely correlated with SAF (ρ = -0.50, P < 0.001) and chronological age (ρ = -0.51, P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, SAF, chronological age, and male sex were independently associated with reduced FMD (B [95% CI]; -2.60 [-4.40, -0.80]; -0.10 [-0.16, -0.03]; 1.40 [0.14, 2.67], respectively), with the multivariable model adjusted R2 = 0.31, P < 0.001. Conclusions: Higher skin AGE levels, as measured by SAF, were associated with lower FMD values, in a predominantly young, healthy population. Additionally, older age and male participants exhibited significantly lower FMD values, corresponding with compromised endothelial function. These results suggest that SAF, a simple and inexpensive marker, could be used to predict endothelial impairment before the emergence of any structural artery pathophysiology or classic cardiovascular disease risk markers. Trial registration: The study was prospectively registered with the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000821897) and concurrently entered into the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform under the same ID number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Methods Results Conclusion The complex ecosystem of the skin microbiome is essential for skin health by acting as a primary defense against infections, regulating immune responses, and maintaining barrier integrity. This literature review aims to consolidate existing information on the skin microbiome, focusing on its composition, functionality, importance, and its impact on skin aging.An exhaustive exploration of scholarly literature was performed utilizing electronic databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, focusing on studies published between 2011 and 2024. Keywords included “skin microbiome,” “skin microbiota,” and “aging skin.” Studies involving human subjects that focused on the skin microbiome's relationship with skin health were included. Out of 100 initially identified studies, 70 met the inclusion criteria and were reviewed.Studies showed that aging is associated with a reduction in the variety of microorganisms of the skin microbiome, leading to an increased susceptibility to skin conditions. Consequently, this underlines the interest in bacteriotherapy, mainly topical probiotics, to reinforce the skin microbiome in older adults, suggesting improvements in skin health and a reduction in age‐related skin conditions. Further exploration is needed into the microbiome's role in skin health and the development of innovative, microbe‐based skincare products. Biotherapeutic approaches, including the use of phages, endolysins, probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and microbiome transplantation, can restore balance and enhance skin health. This article also addresses regulatory standards in the EU and the USA that ensure the safety and effectiveness of microbial skincare products.This review underscores the need to advance research on the skin microbiome's role in cosmetic enhancements and tailored skincare solutions, highlighting a great interest in leveraging microbial communities for dermatological benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Methods Results Conclusions To elucidate the anti‐ageing mechanism of the combination of eight ingredients on the skin from a multidimensional view of the skin.The target pathway mechanisms of composition to delay skin ageing were investigated by a network pharmacology approach and experimentally validated at three levels: epidermal, dermal, and tissue.We identified 24 statistically significant skin ageing‐related pathways, encompassing crucial processes such as epidermal barrier repair, dermal collagen and elastin production, inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as well as modulation of acetylcholine and acetylcholine receptor binding. Furthermore, our in vitro experimental findings exhibited the following outcomes: the composition promotes fibroblast proliferation and the expression of barrier‐related genes in the epidermis; it also stimulated the expression of collagen I, collagen III, and elastic fibre while inhibiting ROS and β‐Gal levels in HDF cells within the dermis. Additionally, Spilanthol in the Acmella oleracea extract contained in the composition demonstrated neuro‐relaxing activity in Zebrafish embryo, suggesting its potential as an anti‐wrinkle ingredient at the hypodermis level.In vitro experiments validated the anti‐ageing mechanism of composition at multiple skin levels. This framework can be extended to unravel the functional mechanisms of other clinically validated compositions, including traditional folk recipes utilized in cosmeceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Our facial skin hosts millions of microorganisms, primarily bacteria, crucial for skin health by maintaining the physical barrier, modulating immune response, and metabolizing bioactive materials. Aging significantly influences the composition and function of the facial microbiome, impacting skin immunity, hydration, and inflammation, highlighting potential avenues for interventions targeting aging-related facial microbes amidst changes in skin physiological properties. Results: We conducted a multi-center and deep sequencing survey to investigate the intricate interplay of aging, skin physio-optical conditions, and facial microbiome. Leveraging a newly-generated dataset of 2737 species-level metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), our integrative analysis highlighted aging as the primary driver, influencing both facial microbiome composition and key skin characteristics, including moisture, sebum production, gloss, pH, elasticity, and sensitivity. Further mediation analysis revealed that skin characteristics significantly impacted the microbiome, mostly as a mediator of aging. Utilizing this dataset, we uncovered two consistent cutotypes across sampling cities and identified aging-related microbial MAGs. Additionally, a Facial Aging Index (FAI) was formulated based on the microbiome, uncovering the cutotype-dependent effects of unhealthy lifestyles on skin aging. Finally, we distinguished aging related microbial pathways influenced by lifestyles with cutotype-dependent effect. Conclusions: Together, our findings emphasize aging's central role in facial microbiome dynamics, and support personalized skin microbiome interventions by targeting lifestyle, skin properties, and aging-related microbial factors. 8-x6JkQezK-S195ofXGtyG Video Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Aims Participants/Methods Results Conclusions Injectable fillers for soft tissue augmentation stand out as one of the most favored procedures in the field of aesthetic medicine, especially in addressing the clinical signs of skin aging. Among soft tissue fillers, non‐permanent fillers have been safely used in numerous medical applications for several decades.The aim of this post‐market observational, open‐label, uncontrolled, multicentered, prospective study (PMS) was to evaluate the effects of an injectable poly‐L‐lactic acid‐based collagen stimulator (Lanluma®, the study product).This analysis is based on the clinical outcomes data (safety and effectiveness) collected from investigators and participants between the first injection (T0, September 2022) and 9 months thereafter (T3, June 2023) in the treatment of five body‐contouring areas.Overall, 70 participants had 99 treatment sessions of the neck (31%), upper arm (20%), hand (17%), thigh (16%) and décolleté (15%). Lumps (neck, upper arm, hand) and nodules (neck, hand, thigh) were the most frequent adverse events (AEs) reported by investigators. All were treatment related. None were serious, severe or fatal. No AEs were reported following treatment of the décolleté. Both investigators and participants reported high levels of satisfaction during the nine‐month follow‐up period with the treatments in five body areas.These positive clinical outcomes can be attributed to a proper implementation of best practices and recommendations, and the rheological properties of the study product. This 9‐month follow‐up analysis should be reconsidered in light of the study's objectives for the final analysis at the 25‐month follow‐up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Background Objective Methods Results Conclusion Skin aging is characterized by an imbalance between the generation and degradation of extracellular matrix molecules (ECM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the primary enzymes responsible for ECM breakdown. Intrinsic and extrinsic stimuli can induce different MMPs. However, there is limited literature especially on the summary of skin MMPs and potential inhibitors.We aim to focus on the upregulation of MMP expression or activity in skin cells following exposure to UV radiation. We also would like to offer valuable insights into potential clinical applications of MMP inhibitors for mitigating skin aging.This article presents the summary of prior research, which involved an extensive literature search across diverse academic databases including Web of Science and PubMed.Our findings offer a comprehensive insight into the effects of MMPs on skin aging after UV irradiation, including their substrate preferences and distinct roles in this process. Additionally, a comprehensive list of natural plant and animal extracts, proteins, polypeptides, amino acids, as well as natural and synthetic compounds that serve as inhibitors for MMPs is compiled.Skin aging is a complex process influenced by environmental factors and MMPs. Research focuses on UV‐induced skin damage and the formation of Advanced Glycosylation End Products (AGEs), leading to wrinkles and impaired functionality. Inhibiting MMPs is crucial for maintaining youthful skin. Natural sources of MMP inhibitor substances, such as extracts from plants and animals, offer a safer approach to obtain inhibitors through dietary supplements. Studying isolated active ingredients can contribute to developing targeted MMP inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the photothermal effects of a subdermal high-power diode laser at a wavelength (λ) of 1470 nm in the skin of rats. Twenty male Wistar rats were used, divided into 2 groups: placebo laser (PL) and active laser (AL). A high-power diode laser equipment was applied to 5 subdermal vectors on the animal's back region. The results demonstrated that active laser animals showed a better arrangement of collagen fiber bands, an increase in the thickness of the dermis and the number of vessels. Furthermore, animals treated with active laser showed an increased immunoexpression of TGF-β and VEGF compared to the placebo. The present work demonstrated that the subdermal high-power diode laser increases the vascularization and the expression of factors that enhance skin regeneration and may be promising resource in the esthetic and dermatology clinical treatment of skin rejuvenation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]