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Introduction: International medical trainees, including residents and fellows, must cope with many challenges, such as differences in cultural hierarchical systems, languages, and acceptance. Nonetheless, the need for adjustment perpetuates even after training is completed abroad. When some international trainees return to their countries of origin, they continue to face adjustment challenges due to reverse culture shock. Others must make many further readjustments. This study presents an exploration of the adjustment and coping strategies of international medical learners after returning to their countries of origin upon completion of their programs. Method: This study employed a qualitative approach grounded in interpretivism and utilised inductive thematic analysis following Braun and Clarke's method. Semi-structured, in-depth individual interviews were employed to explore the participants' coping strategies. Participants included international medical learners who were (1) international medical graduates who had already returned to their countries of origin, (2) non-Canadian citizens or nonpermanent residents by the start of the programs, and (3) previously enrolled in a residency or fellowship training programme at the University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Results: Seventeen participants were included. Three main themes and seven subthemes were created from the analysis and are represented by the Ice Skater Landing Model. According to this model, there are three main forces in coping processes upon returning home: driving, stabilising, and situational forces. The sum and interaction of these forces impact the readjustment process. Conclusion: International medical learners who have trained abroad and returned to their countries of origin often struggle with readjustment. An equilibrium between the driving and stabilising forces is crucial for a smooth transition. The findings of this study can help stakeholders better understand coping processes. As healthy coping processes are related to job satisfaction and retention, efforts to support and shorten repatriation adjustment are worthwhile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the factors contributing to expedited passage through curved sections in skating by analyzing centripetal acceleration and skating motions during curving in a 3,000 m race for ladies' world-class speed skating. It included 14 elite skaters participating in the ladies' 3,000 m race held during the World Cup. The recorded area consisted of the first inner curve lane. Skaters were recorded as they passed through the measurement range at the initial, middle, and final stages of the race. Three synchronized high-speed cameras were used to record skaters from the front, back, and side. From the images obtained by the high-speed camera, 21 body endpoints and 4 blade edges were digitized at 50 Hz using specialized digitizing software. Three-dimensional coordinates of the 25 points were obtained using a panning direct linear transformation technique. The stroke-averaged centripetal acceleration and kinematic parameters were calculated based on the three-dimensional coordinates of the body during the curve-skating motion. Centripetal acceleration had a significant effect on the curved-section time in all three race stages (initial: F = 17.19, middle: F = 23.30, final: F = 16.64) and significantly decreased as the race progressed (left: F = 9.42, right: F = 8.05). Throughout the race, the right and left shanks and the body's center of mass (CM) during the stroke were raised (shank angle: left: F = 13.62, right: F = 11.02, CM height: left: F = 21.15, right: F = 21.69). The body-tilt angle for both strokes and shank-tilt angle for the right stroke were significantly correlated with centripetal acceleration in all race stages (body-tilt: left: initial: r = 0.80, middle: r = 0.75, final: r = 0.89, right: initial: r = 0.78, middle: r = 0.84, final: r = 0.67, right shank-tilt initial: r = 0.80, middle: r = 0.77, final: r = 0.63). These results suggested that to reduce the skating time through curved sections, maintaining an inward body tilt and minimizing the decrease in centripetal acceleration even in the final race stage are crucial considerations. They also suggested that when leaning the body inward and maintaining centripetal acceleration, the right shank should be leaned inward for the right stroke and the left shank should be leaned inward for the left stroke, or the left blade should be positioned farther to the right of the CM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pioneering work of Getis and Ord on local spatial statistics has a counterpart in spatial econometrics in treating spatial heterogeneity. This can be approached from a continuous or a discrete perspective. In a discrete perspective, referred to as spatial regimes, the coefficients vary by discrete subregions of the data. Whereas the estimation of spatial regime regressions is well understood, the delineation of the regimes themselves remains a topic of active interest. Generally speaking, two broad classes of methods can be distinguished, one in which the delineation is carried out separately from the coefficient estimation and one where the two are tightly integrated. Tightly integrated approaches are referred to as endogenous spatial regimes. A number of different methods have been suggested in the literature, including finite mixture models, GWR-based methods, and penalized regression. One drawback of regime delineation is that the results do not necessarily satisfy a spatial contiguity constraint, i.e., observations are grouped despite not being spatially connected. In this paper, we outline a heuristic to determine the spatial regimes endogenously, as an extension of the well-known SKATER algorithm for spatially constrained clustering. This guarantees that the resulting regimes consist of contiguous observations. We outline the method and apply it in the context of the determination of housing submarkets, which is represented by rich literature in applied spatial econometrics. We use a well-known Kaggle data set as the empirical example, which contains observations on house sales in King County, Washington. We compare the estimation of a hedonic house price model using the endogenous spatial regimes approach to a range of more traditional methods, including pooled regression, the use of administrative districts, data-driven regimes based on a-spatial and spatial clustering of explanatory variables, and finite mixture regression. We evaluate the results in terms of fit and assess the trade-offs between the spatial and a-spatial approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determining the rate of injuries related to a certain sport is accepted as the primary step toward designing, implementing and evaluating injury prevention programs. This observational and retrospective study was to examine the injuries sustained by elite young Spanish inline speed skaters during a season. Athletes participating in the national championship (n = 80) were surveyed via an anonymous online questionnaire to screen for injury characteristics: incidence, location, and tissue affected; plus training information and demographics. A total of 52 injuries were recorded across 33,351 hours of exposure, which gives a rate of 1.65/1,000 h. The lower body comprised 79% of the total amount of injuries (1.3/1000 h), and the main areas affected were the thigh and foot, accounting for 25% and 19.2% of the recorded injuries, respectively. Musculotendinous injuries were the most frequent, with an incidence of 0.92/1000 h. No significant gender differences were observed for any of the variables studied. Speed skating can be considered a low injury rate sport based on our findings. The risk of sustaining an injury was independent of gender, age, and BMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The preface of Bill Butler and Elin Schoen's 1979 skating instruction manual, Jammin', teems with encouragement, but offers one slight warning. Welcoming his first-time skaters, Butler tells the reader, "chances are, once you've roller-discoed, you won't want to stop. You'll want to stay on wheels. And there's no reason why you shouldn't, even if you're not in a rink." With the tagline "[everything you need to know to get up and boogie down!]," Jammin' begins with "skating the rail"—a necessary means for first-timers to establish balance, appreciate the tempo of the rink, and learn to control the skates beneath them. Butler then goes on to describe couples skating, group skating, and dancing in place, each of which articulates a relationship to tempo and "the beat," to the other individuals in the rink, and the contradictions of the rink itself. Jammin' therefore proposes a practice of emphatic improvisation that is decidedly nonlinear and centers an expressive practice. Jammin' also cites the logistics and pleasures associated with skating as a community. These logistics and pleasures include everything from "dealing with other people" to "how to become a disco dazzler in one minute flat." Butler tells us the secret of both is, simply put, to relax. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on the effects of longitudinal and lateral spacing on the aerodynamic drag characteristics of the whole team and each member in speed skating team pursuit competition (SSTPC). To further understand the effect of formation spacing on the aerodynamic drag distribution on the skater body surface, a combination of experiments and numerical simulations was performed. Three identical mannequins were used to conduct wind tunnel tests and the results were compared with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation results obtained using a 3D digital model of the mannequin. The results showed that, as the longitudinal spacing decreased, greater drag reduction was gained by the whole team and three members (leading, middle, and last). When the longitudinal spacing was 1.05 L (L refers to body length), the whole team and the three members had drag reduction of 31.5%, 10.1%, 42.1%, and 42.3%, respectively. After each 0.1 L increase in longitudinal spacing, the whole team and the leading, middle, and last skaters lost 2.0%, 1.8%, 2.3%, and 1.8% of their drag reduction, respectively. When the leading skater moved laterally to 0.2 W (W refers to body width), the whole team and the last skater achieved an additional drag reduction of 0.7% and 4.2%, respectively. The CFD simulation results further revealed that the body surface drag distribution trend of the leading skater was similar to that of the isolated skater, with the largest proportion of drag being located on the calves. The drag on the torsos, thighs and calves of the middle and last skaters was significantly smaller than that on the corresponding parts of the isolated skater, and its proportion was comparable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared-use paths (SUPs) are rapidly growing in popularity worldwide as dedicated off-street paths that are shared by non-motorists. SUPS are becoming popular for pedestrians, inline skaters, roller skaters, skateboarders, wheelchair users, and electric bicycle riders, among others. SUPs can be built alongside or far from the roadway, with the former typically separated from vehicular traffic by a buffer. SUPs built off of roadways pose a lower risk of conflict with vehicular traffic. Given the crucial role of safety in SUP utilization, this study provides a targeted review of the existing literature and state of practice focusing on the implementation of the SUPs and design guidelines as well as factors, data, and approaches to estimate SUP user volume. The findings of this study will be helpful for transportation planners and policymakers with the planning, design, implementation, and evaluation of SUPs. Ultimately, this review aims to encourage the development of safer and more accessible SUPs, enabling a broader range of non-motorists to benefit from these essential infrastructure investments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study is to examine the relationship between the concentric and eccentric strengths of the knee flexor and extensor muscles and competition performance in elite short track speed skating athletes. Nine elite male speed skating athletes between the ages of 18-22 were included in the study. In order to determine the competition performances of the athletes, 500 m, 1000 m and 1500 m times were taken. Height and body weight measurements were taken from the athletes on the first day of laboratory tests. ISOMED 2000 isokinetic strength device was used to determine the concentric and eccentric muscle strength of the athletes. Isokinetic strength measurements were performed in concentric/concentric and eccentric/eccentric modes for 8 repetitions at a speed of 60o/sec. Measurements were made in the flexion/extension movement of the knee joint. Isokinetic measurements were taken on two separate days, and distance measurements were taken on three separate days. SPSS v25 statistical program was used to analyze the data obtained. Pearson Correlation analysis was performed to reveal the relationship between variables. In statistical analysis, the significance level was determined as 0.05. As a result of the research, it was determined that there is a statistically moderately significant relationship between the concentric and eccentric strength of the knee flexor and extensor muscles and the 500 m distance performance. However, no significant relationship was found with 1000 m and 1500 m distance performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific classification of village types and formulation of village development strategies are the prerequisites for promoting category-wise rural revitalization. Based on the evaluation of village development capacity in Xinxian County, Henan Province, China, this study introduces an obstacle degree model, which identified the types and numbers of factors that hinder the development of each village. Based on the development capacity and obstacle degree, this study classified and zoned the villages to implement targeted policies. The results showed that：the development capacity of villages in Xinxian County had notable regional differentiation, showing a generally higher spatial pattern in the north and south and around the county town, and lower spatial pattern in the east and west; the main obstacle factors were slope, geological conditions, registered population size, rural construction land size, distance from the county town, and distance to the health center, among others. Furthermore, some villages in Tianpu and Kafang had a large number of development obstacles, which would make their future development unsustainable. The villages in the Xinxian County are divided into five categories：characteristic protected villages, suburban integration villages, agglomeration-upgraded villages, relocated villages, and remediation and improvement villages, accounting for 11.92%, 4.66%, 40.93%, 6.74%, and 35.75% of village classification, respectively. Moreover, this study divided Xinxian County into four village development zones using the SKATER spatial clustering algorithm and proposed targeted village development strategies for each of them according to their village development characteristics, advantages, and weaknesses. This study provides a reference for future research studies aimed at developing practices related to the identification of village development obstacle factors and formulation of targeted strategies for rural revitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• Muscle and movement activity in skater's cramp resembles a task specific dystonia. • Statistical parametric mapping revealed over-active muscles and movements. • Problems were persistent irrespective of intensity. Skater's cramp is a movement disorder in speed skaters. We investigated whether affected skaters matched the disease profile of task-specific dystonia, specifically whether there was evidence of maladaptive muscle activity occurring simultaneously with aberrant movements (jerking). We further examined different skating intensities, positing no change would be more indicative of task-specific dystonia. We analyzed video, kinematic and muscle activity in 14 affected skaters. We measured the angular velocity and electromyographic activity of normalized speed skating strokes using one dimensional statistical non-parametric mapping. Skaters were matched with comparably skilled controls, and filled out a bespoke clinical questionnaire. Skaters' impacted leg showed over-activation in the peroneus longus, tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius that coincided with higher foot movement compared to their healthy leg and controls. This pattern persisted regardless of skating intensity. Clinical features indicated it was task-specific and painless with common trigger factors including stress, equipment change, and falling. We showed aberrant muscular and kinematic activity in a movement disorder in speed skaters indicative of task-specific dystonia. Understanding skater's cramp as a task-specific dystonia could reduce the damage that misdiagnosis and unsuccessful invasive operations have caused. Our quantitative method has value in testing future treatment efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to identify sponsorship-fit profiles of individuals regarding perception of sponsors of national volleyball teams in three countries and its effect on affective outcomes. We examined: (a) if sponsorship-fit profiles were similar for two sponsor categories (sport equipment/apparel companies and financial service companies) and in three countries (France, Iran and Russia); (b) whether individuals with distinct sponsorship-fit profiles differed in their attitudes toward sponsor and toward brand, (c) whether the relationships between sponsorship-fit profiles and attitudes toward sponsor and brand were similar between the two sponsor categories and the three countries; and (d) whether the scores of fit and attitude toward sponsors and brands differed across cultures and categories of sponsors. To investigate this, we collected data from 166 randomly selected student in France, 270 in Iran and 168 in Russia. The results of the cluster analyses revealed two or three sponsorship-fit profiles across the sponsor categories and countries: low, medium and high fit. Respondents had significantly different scores of fit and attitude toward sponsor and brand for the different sponsor categories and countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this qualitative investigation was to examine male competitive figure skaters' experiences of weight pressure in sport. Specifically, male skaters' perceptions of the ideal skating body, sources of weight pressure in elite figure skating, and the perceived role of their sport in shaping body image, athletic performance, eating, and exercise behaviors were explored. Through a social constructivist lens, an inductive thematic analysis was used to examine the contextual influences of the skating environment. Thirteen male figure skaters ages 16–24 (M = 18.53, SD = 3.33) with an average 10.38 years of skating experience (SD = 4.05) were interviewed. Skaters identified the parameters for the ideal body in skating along with specific weight pressures, body image concerns, and weight management strategies. Similar to female skaters, male skaters perceived that body image affected psychological factors that influence sport performance. Sport psychologists and consultants should be attentive to the skating environment and how specific performance and appearance demands may influence an athlete's mindset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hockey skating objective assessment can help coaches detect players' performance drop early and avoid fatigue-induced injuries. This study aimed to calculate and experimentally validate the 3D angles of lower limb joints of hockey skaters obtained by inertial measurement units and explore the effectiveness of the on-ice distinctive features measured using these wearable sensors in differentiating low- and high-calibre skaters. Twelve able-bodied individuals, six high-calibre and six low-calibre skaters, were recruited to skate forward on a synthetic ice surface. Five IMUs were placed on their dominant leg and pelvis. The 3D lower-limb joint angles were obtained by IMUs and experimentally validated against those obtained by a motion capture system with a maximum root mean square error of 5 deg. Additionally, among twelve joint angle-based distinctive features identified in other on-ice studies, only three were significantly different (p-value < 0.05) between high- and low-calibre skaters in this synthetic ice experiment. This study thus indicated that skating on synthetic ice alters the skating patterns such that the on-ice distinctive features can no longer differentiate between low- and high-calibre skating joint angles. This wearable technology has the potential to help skating coaches keep track of the players' progress by assessing the skaters' performance, wheresoever. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to raise some hypotheses about given contemporary youth subjectivities. To do so, it uses two moments of the same research: on the one hand, the analysis that starts from pieces of advertising and propaganda dated in different periods, in order to take the notion of "youth" from a social and historical perspective; on the other hand, notes are presented that result from an ongoing Brazilian investigation in the city of Rio de Janeiro with street skateboarders and their media manifestations on digital social networks. The proposal is to reflect on "new" places and spaces of youth subjectivities that occur through the search for social visibility, whether in urban or media channels, potentially giving certain subcultures, such as that of skaters that is observed here, a social role that was previously unfeasible and silenced, as shown by analyzed newspaper and magazine ads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lúdica Pedagógica is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ice hockey is a dynamic and competitive sport that requires a high level of neuromuscular and cardiovascular function. An objective assessment of skating helps coaches monitor athletes' performance during training sessions and matches. This study aimed to estimate the temporal and spatial parameters of skating by proposing an optimized configuration of wearable inertial measurement units (IMUs) and validating the system compared to in-lab reference systems. Ten participants were recruited to skate on a 14 m synthetic ice surface built in a motion-capture lab. Eight original event detection methods and three more adopted from gait analysis studies were implemented to detect blades-off and skate-strikes. These temporal events were detected with high accuracy and precision using skate-mounted IMUs. Also, four novel stride length estimation methods were developed to correct the estimated skaters' position using IMUs' readouts. The stride time, contact time, stride length, and stride velocity were obtained with relative errors of 3 ± 3%, 4 ± 3%, 2 ± 6%, and 2 ± 8%, respectively. This study showed that the wearable IMUs placed on skates and pelvis enables the estimation of temporal and spatial parameters of skating with high accuracy and precision, which could help coaches monitor skaters' performance in training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Balancing performance can be affected by regular and high-level athletic training, which has not been fully explored in synchronized ice skaters. This study aimed to analyze the dynamic balancing performance by assessing the principal and compensatory movements performed during the sudden provocation tests and evaluating the parameters that characterize the platform's motion. Method: Twelve young female synchronized ice skaters and 12 female age-matched controls participated. Sudden provocation tests were completed three times in bipedal stance and in single-leg stances, and sport-specific fatigue session was inserted between the repetitions. Results: Significantly more time was necessary to recover balance for both groups after the fatiguing sessions (p <.05). Interestingly, skaters performed less effectively in the simplest condition (bipedal stance) than the control group (p <.05). The principal component analysis showed that the first principal movement was the same for both groups. The skater group used the upper body and arms more often to compensate, while the control group's recovery strategy consisted mainly of abduction of the elevated leg. The damping ratio and the relative variance of the first principal movement showed a negative correlation (p <.05), suggesting that those with superior balancing effectiveness recruited more compensatory movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Most of the ample research literature into the outcomes of sports sponsorship focuses on consequences for the sponsor. Consequences for the sponsor-object, i.e., the sponsored sport, sports event, or team, have generally been ignored. In this paper, we investigate if and how sponsors affect consumers' motivation for sports consumption. Drawing on the literature on sponsorship, branding, and advertisement, we identify three sponsor-related factors and one consumer-related factor that affect this motivation. To test our hypotheses, an online experiment with a sample size of 104 observations was conducted. Using regression analysis, we find that the perceived sincerity of the sponsoring brand and consumers' sports involvement have a significant positive direct effect on motivation for sports consumption. We also identify event-sponsor fit as a moderating variable between attitude toward the sponsoring brand and the motivation for sports consumption. This study contributes to academic research by extending the sponsorship literature to outcomes for the sponsor-object/sponsee. It also has practical implications in that it provides sports managers with information about factors they should consider when they want to choose the right sponsor and avoid potential negative fan reactions (e.g., fan boycotts). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveillance is the monitoring of behavior, actions, or information, with the purpose of collecting, influencing, controlling, or guiding evidence. Despite the technical traits of cutting-edge science, it is difficult to detect abnormal events in the surveillance video and requires exhaustive human efforts. Anomalous events in the video remain a challenge due to the occlusions of objects, different densities of the crowd, cluttered backgrounds & objects, and movements in complex scenes and situations. In this paper, we propose a new model called time distributed convolutional neural network long shortterm memory Spatiotemporal Autoencoder (TDSTConvLSTM), which uses a deep neural network to automatically learn video interpretation. Convolution neural network is used to extract visual features from spatial and time distributed LSTM use for sequence learning in temporal dimensions. Since most anomaly detection data sets are restricted to appearance anomalies or unusual motion. There are some anomaly detection data-sets available such as the UCSD Pedestrian dataset, CUHK Avenue, Subway entry-exit, ShanghaiTech, street scene, UCF-crime, etc. with varieties of anomaly classes. To narrow down the variations, this system can detect cyclists, bikers, skaters, cars, trucks, tempo, tractors, wheelchairs, and walkers who are walking on loan (off the road) which are visible under normal conditions and have a great impact on the safety of pedestrians. The Time distributed ConvLSTM has been trained with a normal video frame sequence belonging to these mentioned classes. The experiments are performed on the mentioned architecture and with benchmark data sets UCSD PED1, UCSD PED2, CUHK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech. The Pattern to catch anomalies from video involves the extraction of both spatial and temporal features. The growing interest in deep learning approaches to video surveillance raises concerns about the accuracy and efficiency of neural networks. The time distributed ConvLSTM model is good compared to benchmark models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's urban infrastructure is maligned for its breakdowns, inefficiencies, and inequities, and popular resentment at dysfunctional infrastructure is constant in public life. This article focuses on the surprising desire for India's urban infrastructure among skateboarders. Skateboarders are drawn to India's urban infrastructure because of its dysfunction, its seemingly unfinished nature. I explore these relationships by analysing four skate videos and making three arguments. First, infrastructure attracts skateboarders for possibilities of creative interpretation and appropriation, on‐camera aesthetics, and the encounters generated between mostly foreign (though not always "western") skaters and local urban dwellers. Second, far from isolated moments, the appropriation of India's infrastructure is captured and circulated to an audience of millions in skateboard videos. Third, skate video presents urban India as a frontier in its subcultural geographic and cartographic imagination; although over two decades India's cities have drifted closer to skateboarding's core; concrete and steel replacing cows and festivals on screen. The article closes by exploring the implications for skateboarding—a subculture built on disrupting the city, hacking its infrastructure, moving against its flows—when operating in spaces where disruption is the essential condition of everyday life, and how this is transmitted to an adjacent viewing public. Skateboarders are drawn to India's urban infrastructure because of its dysfunction. Specifically, India's infrastructure offers possibilities for creative interpretation and appropriation, on‐camera aesthetics, and encounters between mostly foreign (though not always "western") skaters and local urban dwellers. The appropriation of India's infrastructure is captured and circulated to an audience of millions in skateboard video, presenting urban India as a frontier in its subcultural geographic and cartographic imagination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This research explores ambush marketing on social media during the 2018 Commonwealth Games held in Australia. Two social media platforms – Twitter and Instagram – served as the dataset to uncover how official sponsors of the Canadian and Australian Commonwealth Games teams were ambushed. Design/methodology/approach: Employing a content analysis of all official team sponsors and their competitors, the study's findings offer an original and multi-national look into social media ambushing. Findings: Results indicated that promoting Games' links was the most common social media post type used by official event sponsors, followed by sharing results of their endorsed athletes and behind-the-scenes information. Research limitations/implications: In an effort to provide connection to the event, posts by ambushers focused on promoting athletes endorsed by their brand. All ambushers were more likely to use Twitter to promote their endorsed athletes. Instagram, however, was not fully embraced in their ambush marketing. Originality/value: Discussion and implications of the results provide sport marketers with information on how to leverage one's link with a major sporting event. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a kind of nanotechnology, nanomaterials have made great progress in recent years, among which nanotube is one of the most representative new nanomaterials. Knee arthritis, as a degenerative bone disease, often occurs in the elderly. According to statistics, the incidence of knee arthritis in China is between 3 and 15 percent, among which the incidence of the elderly over 65 years old is as high as 68 percent. The purpose of this study is to explore the application effect of the rehabilitation therapy of nanotube combined with roller skater in the treatment of knee arthritis and promote the continuous improvement of clinical treatment effect of knee joint. In this study, by comparing the curative effect of the roller skates combined with nanotubes in the rehabilitation treatment group and the control group, the clinical treatment effects of the two groups were comprehensively evaluated and evaluating the comprehensive effects of nanotubes combined with roller skates from various angles of a comprehensive role of rehabilitation therapy in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, to give full play to the advantages of nanotubes and rehabilitation therapy, promote the continuous improvement of treatment, and provide important guidance for the clinical treatment of knee arthritis, thereby improving the therapeutic effect. The results showed that the total effective dose was 82.61% in the control group and 97.83% in the observation group. Before and after the treatment, the therapeutic effect of the nanotube drug treatment group was improved by about 40%, and the therapeutic effect of the observation group of rehabilitation therapy with nanotube combined wheel athletes was increased by about 42%. It indicates that compared with the single treatment, the rehabilitation therapy of the nanotube combined with roller skater greatly improves the therapeutic effect of knee arthritis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better predict the performance of skaters, a BP neural network-based approach is proposed. With the help of the main component factor analysis method, the performance sample of the athletes was reduced, the traditional high-dimensional data set was changed to the new low-dimensional data set, the size of the model input variables was reduced, and the analysis efficiency was increased and improved. Experimental results show that the larger the iteration step, the lower the prediction error, because more a priori information of sports performance is used through multiple iterations, which improves the prediction accuracy. The error of sports performance prediction using this model is less than that of traditional methods, and the maximum difference is 35.98%. It is proved that this method uses factor analysis and neural network training to cluster and fuse the data information of sports performance, improves the prediction accuracy, and has a good performance in convergence and robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish the relationship between static balance and anthropometric and baropodometric variables in young speed skaters. Material and method: a descriptive, cross-sectional study with correlational scope was developed. Fifty-eight young skaters, between 11 and 15 years old, were evaluated, the majority women, 55 % of distance modality and 45 % of speed. Static balance was assessed with the Romberg Index, the type of foot and the percentage of support surface of the entire foot, forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot; as well as body mass index and lower limbs length. Correspondence and homogeneity tests were carried out. Results: no statistically significant associations were found between static balance and seniority in skating, BMI, lower limbs length and support surface (total, forefoot, midfoot or hindfoot) (p > 0.05). Conclusions: most of the skaters showed altered static balance. Almost all of them showed asymmetry between lower limbs. greater support was observed in the hindfoot, the predominant type of foot was that of “very high arch”. Asymmetry in the type of feet was found in 41 % of the skaters. No statistically significant associations were found between static balance with sports, anthropometric or baropodometric variables in young cart skaters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the oxygenation response in the vastus lateralis muscle (SmO2) in two types of tests: supramaximal and maximal. Furthermore, gender differences in SmO2 response to test exercise were assessed and the usefulness of muscle oxygenation measurements in the assessment of anaerobic and aerobic capacity was determined. The Wingate test (WAnT) and the graded exercise test (GXT) to exhaustion were performed on a cycle ergometer to examine 13 female and 14 male speed skaters from the junior and U23 national teams. During both tests, SmO2 of the vastus lateralis muscle was recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy at baseline (at rest or post warm-up), at exercise, and during recovery. The most significant SmO2 indices (differences between baseline and post-exercise indices and half time for SmO2 to reach the maximal post-exercise value) were not significantly different between the tests. Gender was also not a differentiating factor in muscle oxygenation regardless of test type. In the GXT test, half time required for SmO2 to reach the maximal value correlated negatively with VO2max and test duration, thus confirming the usefulness of SmO2 measurements in the assessment of the aerobic capacity of speed skaters. In contrast, the WAnT test showed no significant correlations between exercise indices and muscle oxygenation indices. From the standpoint of the assessment of anaerobic capacity, SmO2 measurements showed little diagnostic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]