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In recent years, biochar, a porous carbon-based material, has gained attention for its application prospects in contaminated soil remediation and soil improvement. Biochar-derived organic matter has a key role in influencing the migration and transformation of soil elements and pollutants. However, existing research concerning the molecular characteristics of biochar-derived organic matter is limited. Here, we used four polar solvents - dichloromethane (CH

The study describes the recoverable strain in Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (wt.%) alloy with cellular structure having rhombic dodecahedron and topology-optimised unit cell fabricated by electron beam melting. ...

Previous studies have found that the novel low-elastic-modulus Ti2448 alloy can significantly reduce stress shielding and contribute to better bone repair than the conventional Ti6Al4V alloy. In this study, the promotion of osteogenesis and angiogenesis by three-dimensionally printed Ti2448 were also observed in vivo. However, these were not significant in a series of in vitro tests. The stiffness of materials has been reported to greatly affect the response of macrophages, and the immunological regulation mediated by macrophages directly determines the fate of bone implants. Therefore, we designed more experiments to explore the role of three-dimensionally printed Ti2448 in macrophage activation and related osteogenesis and angiogenesis. As expected, we found a significant increase in the number of M2 macrophages around Ti2448 implants, as well as better osteogenesis and angiogenesis in vivo. In vitro studies also showed that macrophages pre-treated with Ti2448 alloy significantly promoted angiogenesis and osteogenic differentiation through increased PDGF-BB and BMP-2 secretion, and the polarization of M2 macrophages was enhanced. We deduced that Ti2448 promotes angiogenesis and osteogenesis through Piezo1/YAP signaling axis-mediated macrophage polarization and related cytokine secretion. This research might provide insight into the biological properties of Ti2448 and provide a powerful theoretical supplement for the future application of three-dimensionally printed Ti2448 implants in orthopaedic surgery.

To study adaptation of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) to hypoxic stress, we investigated physiological responses and lactate metabolism of the fish under acute hypoxia. The objectives of this study were to (a) observe changes in glucose, glycogen, and lactate content; (b) detect the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in serum, brain, heart, and liver tissues; and (c) quantify the dynamic gene expression of AMP activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα), hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α), monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1), monocarboxylate transporter 4 (MCT4), and lactate dehydrogenase-a (LDHa) following exposure to hypoxia. The fish were subjected to two hypoxia stresses (dissolved oxygen [DO] 1.20 ± 0.2 mg/L and 3.50 ± 0.3 mg/L, respectively) for 24 h. Our results showed that hypoxic stress significantly increased the decomposition of liver glycogen and significantly increased the concentration of blood glucose; however, the muscle glycogen content was not significantly decreased, which indicates that liver glycogen was the main energy source under acute hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxia led to accumulation of a large amount of lactic acid in tissues, possibly due to the activity of lactic acid dehydrogenase, but this process was delayed in the heart and brain relative to the liver. Additionally, hypoxia induced the expression of AMPKα, HIF-1α, MCT1, MCT4, and LDHa, suggesting that glycometabolism had switched from aerobic to anaerobic. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the response to hypoxia in largemouth bass.

Two kinds of usage environments need to be considered for development of hydrazine sensor: the detection of hydrazine in liquid phase and the detection of hydrazine gas in air environment. Here, Au nanoparticles-embedded N-doped porous carbon anchored on reduced graphene oxide (AuNPs@NPC-rGO) nanosheet has been creatively constructed by a confinement preparation process in the frame structure of zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67). Such ternary hybrid material exhibits good sensitivity for the detection of harmful hydrazine in liquid/gas phase. First, an electrochemical sensor based on AuNPs@NPC-rGO modified glassy carbon electrode (AuNPs@NPC-rGO/GCE) has been established for detection of hydrazine in liquid phase, leading to the linear detection range from 0.05 to 1.00 μM and the detection limit of 9.6 nM. Second, a practical electrochemical gas sensor based on AuNPs@NPC-rGO has been assembled for the detection of hydrazine gas in air environment. Such gas sensor shows the detection limit of 1.8 ppm with fast response/recovery. Those advantages of the electrochemical sensors based on AuNPs@NPC-rGO can be attributed to the key design element of sensing material with structural and compositional advantages leading to the synergy of AuNPs, NPC and rGO.

Herein CoO-Co-N-doped carbon nanoparticles decorated on reduced graphene oxide (CoO-Co-NC-rGO) has been successfully synthesized by using zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 loaded on graphene oxide (ZIF-67-GO) as precursor. The ZIF-67 could be in-situ prepared on GO through a simple wet-chemical method. Subsequently, an annealing treatment towards ZIF-67-GO has been utilized to obtain CoO-Co-NC-rGO. On the one hand, ZIF-67 could be pyrolyzed to form CoO-Co-N-doped carbon nanoparticles. On the other hand, GO could be reduced to form rGO in the annealing treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements showed CoO-Co-NC-rGO with two-dimensional nanosheets. Owing to the structural and compositional advantages of NC and rGO, the CoO-Co-NC-rGO exhibited excellent electro-catalytic activity for the oxidation of glucose. The established non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on CoO-Co-NC-rGO showed the linear detection range from 0.5 to 10.0 μM, the detection limit of 0.34 μM at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, and the sensitivity of 3172 μA mM−1 cm−2.

The objective of the study is to assess the tribological behavior of Ti-24Nb-4Zr-8Sn (β-type microstructure) alloy in terms of coefficient of friction and tangential force and compare it with Ti-6A...

Background To date, the optimal selection of prosthetic heart valve for dialysis patients still remains controversial. Purpose Since previous meta-analyses on survival outcomes were with substantial heterogeneity, we attempted to investigate the potential sources and update the comparative survival efficacy of mechanical prosthesis (MP) and bioprosthesis (BP) in dialysis patients. Methods We systematically reviewed PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to February 1, 2020 for relevant studies. Randomized controlled trials, prospective or retrospective cohorts that involved dialysis patients undergoing heart valve replacement were included. Studies that did not report comparative survival outcome of two prostheses were excluded. To explore the potential sources of heterogeneity, we conducted a subgroup analysis based on valve positions. We also performed a meta-regression to delve into the effects of study-level covariates on mid/long-term survival, which was defined as at least 4-year follow-up. Results A total of 20 retrospective cohorts involving 8,398 participants (MP= 5900, BP= 2498) were included in our study. Overall, MP was associated with a significant 16% reduction in all-cause mortality, compared to BP (HR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.73 to 0.98; I2=43%; Figure). In the subgroup analysis, patients undergoing isolated-aortic valve replacement (iso-AVR) with MP further exhibited an even better mid/long-term survival efficacy with no statistical heterogeneity being observed (HR, 0.64; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.86; I2= 0%; Figure). The involvement of mitral valve replacement (MVR) was a strong mortality contributor (HR, 1.79; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.28; I2= 0%). Moreover, our meta-regression demonstrated that MVR proportion was the only covariate that significantly affected mid/long-term survival (β= 0.8473, p=0.046; Table). Conclusions Compared to BP, MP might be a reasonable choice for dialysis patients requiring AVR due to its better mid/long-term survival efficacy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

Linear elastic Hookean solids can be strong but become brittle in general as their strength-to-modulus ratio is higher about 1/100 due to the well-known inverse strength-ductility relationship. Combined with the first-order reversible martensitc transformation, they can be functional but their mechanical and functional properties are sensitive to temperature, for example, superelasticity and zero/negative thermal expansion are limited in a narrow temperature range of about 100 Kelvin. Here we report a group of titanium alloys which are strong, ductile, flexible together with superelasticity and tunable thermal expansion from positive, via zero, to negative across a wide temperature range from below 4.2 K to 625 K. This is attributed to its nonlinear elasticity obeying a high-order Hooke's law due to a continuous and reversible atomic rearrangement at a large scale up to phase transition strain. Such novel mechanism distinguishes completely from the previous elastic and martensitic mechanisms ruled by Poisson ratio and sharp crystal structure change, respectively. We demonstrate that the atomic-level mechanism is organized adaptively by a nanoscale compositional modulation, which is created by a spinodal decomposition. These findings pave a way to design new solids through a nanoscale periodical distribution in chemistry.

The existence of CP-violation in the leptonic sector is one of the most important issues for modern science. Neutrino physics is a key to the solution of this problem. JUNO (under construction) is the near future of neutrino physics. However CP-violation is not a priority for the current scientific program. We estimate the capability of δCP measurement, assuming a combination of the JUNO detector and a superconductive cyclotron as the antineutrino source. This method of measuring CP-violation is an alternative to conventional beam experiments. A significance level of 3σ can be reached for 22% of the δCP range. The accuracy of measurement lies between 8o and 22o. It is shown that the dominant influence on the result is the uncertainty in the mixing angle Θ23.

The objective of the study described here is to fundamentally elucidate the biological response of 3D printed Ti-6Al-4V alloy mesh structures that were surface modified to introduce titania nanotubes with an average pore size of ∼80 nm via an electrochemical anodization process from the perspective of enhancing bioactivity. The bioactivity of the mesh structures were analyzed through immersion test in simulated body fluid, which confirmed the nucleation and growth of fine globular nanoscale apatite on the nanoporous titania-modified (anodized) mesh structure surface, and agglomerated apatite with fine flakes of apatite crystals on as-fabricated mesh structure surface, that were rich in calcium and phosphorous. The cellular activity of bioactive anodized mesh structure was explored in terms of cell–material interactions involving adhesion, proliferation, synthesis of extracellular and intracellular proteins, differentiation, and mineralization. Cells adhered with a sheet-like morphology on as-fabricated mesh structure, whereas, on anodized mesh structure, numerous filopodia-like cellular extensions interacting with nanotube pores were observed. The formation of a bioactive nanoscale apatite, cell–nanotube interactions as imaged via electron microscopy, higher expression of proteins (actin, vinculin, fibronectin, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), and calcium content points toward the determining role of anodized mesh structure in modulating osteoblasts functions. The unique combination of nanoporous bioactive titania and interconnected porous architecture of anodized titanium alloy mesh structure provided a multimodal roughness surface ranging from nano to micro to macroscale, which helps in attaining strong primary and secondary fixation of the implant device along with the pathway for supply of nutrients and oxygen to cells and tissue.

A quasi-optical Mach-Zehnder microwave interferometer operating at 140 GHz has been developed for the ENN's spherical tokamak XuanLong-50 (EXL-50), for the purposes of line-integral electron density measurement and plasma density real-time feedback control input. The EXL-50 is designed for long pulse operation (over 5 s) and the electron density of phase I is estimated below 1019 m-3. Thus, the well-known microwave interferometer is suitable for the advantage of cost effectiveness and good stability. One of the major errors of the interferometer is vibration. To reduce it, the entire interferometer is supported by sand-filled stainless-steel columns of 0.3 m inner diameter and the vibration modes are calculated by finite elements analysis. Other sources of error, such as noise and thermal drift, are carefully handled. To reduce noise, the interferometer including cables and digitizers are carefully shielded and grounded. The phase error due to source frequency thermal drift, manifested due to uneven probe beam and reference beam path lengths, is observed in long term operation and explained by model calculation. A continuous 100 s test shows that it is reduced to about 0.04 °/s when the Gunn oscillators are temperature controlled by Peltier coolers with the industrial Proportional-Integral-Derivative control method to maintain the frequency stability. The system has been in routine operation since August 2019, with 1016 m-2 line-integral density resolution. The technical details of the interferometer and experimental results are presented.

Thermal deformation behavior has a significant effect on the microstructure evolution, crystallographic orientation and microhardness of two-phase titanium alloy. In the paper, the evolution rules of microstructure, texture and microhardness of Ti–6.5Al–3.5Mo–1.5Zr–0.3Si (TC11) and Ti–4Mo–4Cr–5Al–2Sn–2Zr (TC17) linear friction welded (LFWed) joint were systematically discussed during the isothermal compression. Comparing with the high microhardness on the welded zone (WZ) after welding, the microhardness value of the whole joint decreases significantly after the pretreatment and isothermal compressions. There is a close relationship between microtexture and plastic deformation. The electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis method indicates that the distribution of Schmid factor is very uneven, and most of the crystals are aligned to hard orientation on the TC11 WZ; whereas the high Schmid factors occur, and most of the crystals turn to soft orientation on the TC17 WZ, which lead to the plastic deformation of TC17 side more easily than that of TC11 side. With the increasing compression strains, the ratio of low angle grain boundaries (LAGBs) rises, meanwhile, the mean geometrically necessary dislocations (GND) density increases from 2.79 × 1014 m−2 to 4.30 × 1014 m−2, and the fraction of high Schmid factor also goes up slightly. Those can be attributed to the increased deformation energy with the higher compression, which leads to the accumulated driven force and promotes the rotation of grains toward a specific favourable orientation.

Dissolved oxygen (DO) plays a crucial role in survival, growth, and normal physiological functions of aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, the mechanisms involved in hypoxic stress and adaptation have not been fully elucidated in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). To reveal the effect of acute hypoxia on Largemouth bass, we simulated acute hypoxia (DO: 1.2 ± 0.2 mg/L) in the laboratory and analyzed physiological parameters (RBCs, Hb, SOD, CAT, NA+/K+-ATPase, GPx, and MDA) and gene expression (HIF-1alpha and GLUT-1) in Largemouth bass exposed to various durations of acute hypoxia (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h). Our results indicated that acute hypoxic exposure significantly increased RBCs but decreased Hb. In addition, antioxidant enzyme activity was enhanced significantly in the liver and muscles at the initial stage of acute hypoxic exposure, but decreased significantly in gills during the entire process of hypoxic exposure. Furthermore, the expression levels of HIF-1alpha and GLUT-1 mRNA were significantly up-regulated in Largemouth bass under acute hypoxic exposure. In conclusion, our study provides a valuable basis for further elucidation of hypoxic adaptation and facilitates husbandry for an economically valuable species.

Background/aims The critical part of a bio-artificial liver device is establishment of a bioreactor filled with liver cells. However, it is still unclear how to maintain benign cell function while achieving the sufficient cell quantity. In the current study, we aim to establish a novel carrier for the culture of HepG2 cells, a liver cell line, by modifying polypropylene nonwoven fabrics with native type I collagen. Methods “Piranha” solution, KH-550 and glutaraldehyde subsequently were used to bridge native type I collagen and polypropylene nonwoven fabrics. The type I collagen-coupled polypropylene nonwoven fabric was characterized by XPS, SEM, ATR-FTIR and water contact angle measurement. Furthermore, the biocompatibility between HepG2 cells and fiber film is evaluated by the ability of cell proliferation, albumin secretion, as well as urea synthesis. Results The coating of collagen onto polypropylene fabrics was more efficient using the chemical covalent binding method than direct immersion, which was validated by the presence of collagen-related elements and chemical bond. The adding of collagen in polypropylene fabrics promoted hydrophilicity and HepG2 cell adherence. Additionally, enhanced cell proliferation, increased albumin secretion and urea synthesis were observed in HepG2 cells growing on collagen-coated polypropylene fabrics. Conclusions The collagen coated polypropylene nonwoven fabrics, acting as a feasible substrate for HepG2 cell culture, may be used as a promising liver cell carrier for artificial liver reactor.

It is well-known that the body centered cubic (bcc) crystal in titanium alloys reaches its stability limit as the electron-to-atom (e/a) ratio of the alloy drops down to ∼4.24. This critical value, however, is much higher than that of a multifunctional bcc type alloy (e/a = 4.15). Here we demonstrate that a nano-scale concentration modulation created by spinodal decomposition is what stabilizes the bcc crystal of the alloy. Aided by such a nano-scale concentration heterogeneity, unexpected properties from its chemically homogeneous counterpart are obtained. This provides a new strategy to design functional titanium alloys by tuning the spinodal decomposition.

We elucidate here the osteoblasts functions and cellular activity in 3D printed interconnected porous architecture of functionally gradient Ti-6Al-4V alloy mesh structures in terms of cell proliferation and growth, distribution of cell nuclei, synthesis of proteins (actin, vinculin, and fibronectin), and calcium deposition. Cell culture studies with pre-osteoblasts indicated that the interconnected porous architecture of functionally gradient mesh arrays was conducive to osteoblast functions. However, there were statistically significant differences in the cellular response depending on the pore size in the functionally gradient structure. The interconnected porous architecture contributed to the distribution of cells from the large pore size (G1) to the small pore size (G3), with consequent synthesis of extracellular matrix and calcium precipitation. The gradient mesh structure significantly impacted cell adhesion and influenced the proliferation stage, such that there was high distribution of cells on struts of the gradient mesh structure. Actin and vinculin showed a significant difference in normalized expression level of protein per cell, which was absent in the case of fibronectin. Osteoblasts present on mesh struts formed a confluent sheet, bridging the pores through numerous cytoplasmic extensions. The gradient mesh structure fabricated by electron beam melting was explored to obtain fundamental insights on cellular activity with respect to osteoblast functions.

Objectives Low modulus β-titanium alloys with non-toxic alloying elements are envisaged to provide good biocompatibility and alleviate the undesired stress shielding effect. The objective of this study is to fundamentally elucidate the biological response of novel high strength-low elastic modulus Ti2448 alloy through the study of bioactivity and osteoblast cell functions. Methods Characterization techniques such as SEM, EDX, XRD, and fluorescence microscopy were utilized to analyze the microstructure, morphology, chemical composition, and cell adhesion. The cellular activity was explored in terms of cell-to-cell communication involving proliferation, spreading, synthesis of extracellular and intracellular proteins, differentiation, and mineralization. Results The formation of fine apatite-like crystals on the surface during immersion test in simulated body fluid confirmed the bioactivity of the surface, which provided the favorable osteogenic microenvironment for cell-material interaction. The proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblasts and their ability to form a well mineralized bone-like extracellular matrix (ECM) by secreting bone markers (ALP, calcium, etc.) over the surface point toward the determining role of unique surface chemistry and surface properties of the Ti–24Nb–4Zr–8Sn (Ti2448) alloy in modulating osteoblasts functions. Significance These results demonstrated that the low modulus (∼49 GPa) Ti2448 alloy with non-toxic alloying elements can be used as a potential dental or orthopedic load-bearing implant material.

Carbohydrate metabolism switches from aerobic to anaerobic (glycolysis) to supply energy in response to acute hypoxic stress. Acute hypoxic stress with dissolved oxygen (DO) levels of 1.2 ± 0.1 mg/L for 24 h and 12 h re-oxygenation was used to investigate the response of the anaerobic glycolytic pathway in Micropterus salmoides muscle. The results showed that the glucose concentration was significantly lower in muscle, while the lactic acid and pyruvic acid concentrations tended to increase during hypoxic stress. No significant difference was observed in muscle glycogen, and ATP content fluctuated significantly. The activities of gluconeogenesis-related enzymes were slightly elevated, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK). The activities of the glycolytic enzymes increased after the induction of hypoxia, such as hexokinase (HK), pyruvate kinase (PK), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Curiously, phosphofructokinase (PFK) activity was significantly down-regulated within 4 h during hypoxia, although these effects were transient, and most indices returned to control levels after 12 h of re-oxygenation. Upregulated hif-1α, ampkα, hk, glut1, and ldh mRNA expression suggested that carbohydrate metabolism was reprogrammed under hypoxia. Lactate transport was regulated by miR-124-5p according to quantitative polymerase chain reaction and dual luciferase reporter assays. Our findings provide new insight into the molecular regulatory mechanism of hypoxia in Micropterus salmoides muscle.

Neutrino-antineutrino conversion is an important new physics process. The observation of this phenomenon could indicate total lepton number violation and potential CPT-violation. Searching for the appearance of electron antineutrinos from solar neutrinos from $\rm^8B$ decay allows us to hunt for this rare process, although it can also be explained by other mechanisms or hypotheses. This analysis examines the capabilities of observing neutrino-antineutrino transition from $\rm^8B$ unoscillated solar neutrinos using different liquid scintillator detector configurations. High energy reactor neutrinos and atmospheric neutrinos are the two dominant background sources. Large volume liquid scintillator detectors with deep underground shielding, placed far away from reactors and with capabilities of pulse shaped discrimination will significantly increase the search sensitivity. It is demonstrated that for the next generation of large liquid scintillator detectors being planned or under construction, the sensitivity to the average probability of neutrino-antineutrino transitions can reach $10^{-6}$, which is an order of magnitude better than the current best experimental limits., Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures

Materials that undergo a reversible change of crystal structure through martensitic transformation (MT) possess unusual functionalities including shape memory, superelasticity, and low/negative thermal expansion. These properties have many advanced applications, such as actuators, sensors, and energy conversion, but are limited typically in a narrow temperature range of tens of Kelvin. Here we report that, by creating a nano-scale concentration modulation via phase separation, the MT can be rendered continuous by an in-situ elastic confinement mechanism. Through a model titanium alloy, we demonstrate that the elastically confined continuous MT has unprecedented properties, such as superelasticity from below 4.2 K to 500 K, fully tunable and stable thermal expansion, from positive, through zero, to negative, from below 4.2 K to 573 K, and high strength-to-modulus ratio across a wide temperature range. The elastic tuning on the MT, together with a significant extension of the crystal stability limit, provides new opportunities to explore advanced materials.

Based on the complicated geological production conditions and abnormal strata behavior of the fully mechanized caving face No. 102 in the Xinyang Coal Mine, we analyze the breaking and forming process of distinguishing key block structures in close spaced coal seams. This analysis establishes an integrated mechanical model of these distinguishing structures. Furthermore, the horizontal force T ABgenerated by downward key blocks A and B is quantified, as is the Pressure P Gexerted by key block B on caved gangue. Finally, the interaction mechanism is revealed. Analysis of the results using Mathematica reveal the following: 1. Both T ABand P G exhibit approximately inverse relationships to coal pillar width b; 2. T AB exhibits an approximately exponential relationship with mining height M of which the base is greater than 1; 3. PG exhibits an approximately arctangent relationship with mining height M. Combining these results with field observations, we conclude that the area in the vicinity of supports 100#-120# in the upper area of working face No. 102 is the likely zone of abnormal strata behavior. Thus, this area was classified as a key control area. Based on these results, the graded support control technique is proposed. Application of this technique in the field resulted in a reduction in the rate of hydraulic support system malfunction from 47% to 7% in the key control area. In addition, during times of periodic mining pressure, the roof caving height value never exceeded 0.3 m and the maximum spalling depth never exceeded 0.2 m. Overall, the results indicate that this new technique has markedly increased the stability of surrounding support rock material.

Since the cost of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, an important fungal drug used in Chinese medicine, has increased dramatically, and the counterfeits may have adverse health effects, a rapid and precise marker using the peptide mass spectrometry identification system could significantly enhance the regulatory capacity. In this study, we determined the marker peptides in the digested mixtures of fungal proteins in wild O. sinensis fruiting bodies and various commercially available mycelium fermented powders using ultra-performance liquid chromatography/Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometry coupled with chemometrics. The results indicated the following marker peptides: TLLEAIDSIEPPK (m/z 713.39) was identified in the wild O. sinensis fruiting body, AVLSDAITLVR (m/z 579.34) was detected in the fermented O. sinensis mycelium powder, FAELLEK (m/z 849.47) was found in the fermented Ophiocordyceps mycelium powder, LESVVTSFTK (m/z 555.80) was discovered in the artificial Ophiocordyceps mycelium powder, and VPSSAVLR (m/z 414.75) was observed in O. mortierella mycelium powder. In order to verify the specificity and applicability of the method, the five marker peptides were synthesized and tested on all samples. All in all, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that mass spectrometry has been employed to detect the marker peptides of O.sinensis and its related products.

This research continues to focus on the idea using cyclotronic antineutrino source for purposes of neutrino physics. Long baseline experiments suffer from degeneracies and correlations between $\Theta_{23}$, $\delta_{\rm CP}$ and the mass hierarchy (MH). However the combination of a superconductive cyclotron and a big liquid scintillator detector like JUNO in a medium baseline experiment, which does not depend on the MH, may allow us to determine whether the position of the mixing angle $\Theta_{23}$ is in the lower octant (LO) or upper octant (UO). Such an experiment would improve the precision of the $\Theta_{23}$ measurement to a degree which depends on the CP-phase., Comment: 3 figures

This chapter discusses the design, fabrication, mechanical properties, and biocompatibilities of Ti-6Al-4V cellular structures fabricated by the electron beam melting (EBM) technique. Stochastic foams and reticulated meshes with different porosities were used to reveal the underlying mechanisms, which determine the Young modulus, deformation behavior, and fatigue failure process. in vivo investigations indicated that EBM cellular structures not only exhibited desired mechanical properties but also good biocompatibility. The future development trends of Ti-6Al-4V cellular structures for biomedical applications were also discussed.

Based on detailed first-principles investigations of the hexagonal antidot patterned graphene nanomeshes, we have studied the mechanisms of the conducting property modification of graphene. The band-folding analysis shows that the (3n,3m) (n and m are integers) superlattice would have fourfold degeneracy at Г point. An effective method by removing this fourfold degeneracy, such as regularly arranging antidots to make the (3n,3m) nanomesh, is proposed to open a sizable bandgap no matter whether the sublattice equivalence keeps or not. In the nanomeshes patterned with the magnetic antidots, the antiferromagnetic coupling adds a quantum parameter to break the sublattice equivalence, resulting in the bandgap opening at the twofold degenerate K (K′) point. Our studies also show that the gap width could be tuned by controlling the antidot density. These results could facilitate the fascinating applications of graphene in the next-generation nanoelectronics.

Summary Aimed at the reflection feature difference between the two kinds of seismic data(P-wave and converted wave), by multi-wave modelling and lithology interpretation, it is probably determined that the target layer amplitude difference between P-wave and converted-wave section is a reflection of weak lithology change ,that is the existence of argillaceous limestone in limestone background. The lithology interface is further confirmed by the comparison of P-wave and converted wave section. According to the multi-wave seismic response analysis of the gas-producing well, the gas-bearing dolomite reservoir is characterized by low frequency and weak amplitude on P-wave section, while weak peak feature on converted wave section. Finally, we carry out the research of lithology prediction using amplitude attribute of converted wave. Compared with P-wave, the lithology prediction result based on converted wave is more consistent with reservoir prediction result, and the favorable lithology (dolomite) area basically corresponds to the reservoir development area, which shows the advantages of converted wave data in fine lithology identification.

Summary High-resolution seismic data is the basis of fine comprehensive seismic interpretation, which lead to the key position of high-resolution seismic data processing. This paper proposes a novel method aimed at extracting the high and low frequency information by a simple and effective way. Different from the traditional spectral modeling deconvolution, this method fuses the information of different frequencies extracted from multi-order calculus to broaden frequency band. Meanwhile the constraint of desired wavelet makes the result more accurate and meaningful. Testing on practical data demonstrates it is effective and feasible.