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Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 515(1), 1365 - 1379 (2022). doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1601, We report on a search for persistent radio emission from the one-off fast radio burst (FRB) 20190714A, as well as from two repeating FRBs, 20190711A and 20171019A, using the MeerKAT radio telescope. For FRB 20171019A, we also conducted simultaneous observations with the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in very high-energy gamma rays and searched for signals in the ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray bands. For this FRB, we obtain a UV flux upper limit of |$1.39 \times 10^{-16}~{\rm erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$|Å^−1, X-ray limit of |$\sim 6.6 \times 10^{-14}~{\rm erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$| and a limit on the very high energy gamma-ray flux |$\Phi (E\gt 120\, {\rm GeV}) \lt 1.7\times 10^{-12}\, \mathrm{erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$|⁠. We obtain a radio upper limit of ∼15 |$\mu$|Jy beam^−1 for persistent emission at the locations of both FRBs 20190711A and 20171019A with MeerKAT. However, we detected an almost unresolved (ratio of integrated flux to peak flux is ∼1.7 beam) radio emission, where the synthesized beam size was ∼ 8 arcsec size with a peak brightness of |$\sim 53\, \mu$|Jy beam^−1 at MeerKAT and |$\sim 86\, \mu$|Jy beam^−1 at e-MERLIN, possibly associated with FRB 20190714A at z = 0.2365. This represents the first detection of persistent continuum radio emission potentially associated with a (as-yet) non-repeating FRB. If the association is confirmed, one of the strongest remaining distinction between repeaters and non-repeaters would no longer be applicable. A parallel search for repeat bursts from these FRBs revealed no new detections down to a fluence of 0.08 Jy ms for a 1 ms duration burst., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Spraying process is an alternative way to replace Chromium electroplating technique which presents industrial, economic and ecological disadvantages. The investigated work aims to develop non-usual coatings to protect the brass substrate and to ameliorate the faucets performance. Several materials with the viable deposition capability and with the excellent properties have been processed through spraying process, including polymers, thereby creating the fluorinated-ethylene-propylene and the poly-tetra-fluoro-ethylene coatings. The painting process is one of the innovative and the simple spraying techniques with growing scientific interests and industrial applications in the field of faucets. This method offers corrosion protection and results in increases in mechanical and physical durability and wear resistance. Experiments subsequently confirmed the successful deposition of polymer suspensions onto the brass substrate. Based on the results, it was determined that both coatings exhibit a hydrophobic character owing the low values of surface energy obtained and the FEP coating presents the best friction results. This review extensively exploits the latest developments in the experimental analysis of spraying processes. Coating formation, characterization of deposit development, description of process parameter and principles, are summarized.

Highlights • Testicular Leiomyomùa is a rare entity. • Clinical presentation and physical examination are non specific, and cannot distinguish it from a testicular cancer. • Imaging is based on ultrasound, which describes the features of the testicular leiomyoma precisely, but cannot make the diagnosis. • Only pathological examination of the specimen after surgery can confirm the diagnosis. • A frozen section of the mass followed by mass excision can lead to organ sparing surgery if the diagnosis is suspected intraoperatively., Introduction Leiomyomas are benign tumors that originate from smooth muscles cells. Intratesticular leiomyoma is a very rare type of benign testicular masses. Through the literature, only 11 cases were reported. Presentation of case A 36 years old man presented with painless right scrotal mass. Clinical examination showed right upper polar testicular mass, well circumscribed and highly vascularized on sonography. Serum tumor markers were normal. Patient was explained the possibility of an organ sparing surgery if frozen section shows no sign of malignancy. Midline incision with frozen section was performed, with wide local excision. Pathological examination of the specimen confirmed intratesticular leiomyoma. Two years after the surgery, patient showed no sign of recurrence. Discussion Intratesticular Leiomyoma is usually revealed as a non-tender firm scrotal mass that increases in size. Sonography is the imaging modality of choice for assessing intrascrotal pathology, and cannot distinguish benign from malignant tumor. Surgical management is subject of debate. While some authors recommend radical orchiectomy, others suggest the use of frozen section intraoperatively, and perform conservative treatment by mass excision in the absence of signs of malignancy. Conclusion Intratesticular leiomyoma is a very rare finding. When suspected, conservative management using frozen section followed by mass excision can be done, but final diagnosis remains on pathological examination and immunohistochemistry of the specimen.

Background Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) plays a pivotal role in several pathologies including cancers. The association of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene with prostate cancer (PC) risk remains controversial. We aimed to investigate for the first time, to our Knowledge, in North Africa the potential relationship between ACE I/D polymorphism with PC susceptibility and clinical outcomes of PC patients. Methods This case‐control study included 143 healthy individuals and 124 patients diagnosed with PC. Using genomic DNA, the samples were genotyped for ACE I/D polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results We found that The D allele is significantly associated with an increased risk of PC and D/D + D/I genotypes were at 3 times increased risk of PC ([p = 0.005], OR = 2.95, IC 95% = 1.26–7.09) compared with I/I genotype (p = 0.003, OR = 0.3, IC 95% = 0.12–0.74). We observed an association between D/D and D/I genotypes with advanced age (≥70 years) (p = 0.014; r 2 = 0.22). Furthermore, there is a significant prediction of advanced Gleason score ≥8 based on epidemiological parameters and ACE genotype (p = 0.000; R2 = 0.349), although no significant association was observed with stage and metastasis. Conclusion The ACE I/D polymorphism is likely to predispose to PC and could play a role in PC progression and aggressiveness., The association of insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene with prostate cancer (PC) risk remains controversial. The ACE SNP rs 4646994 is likely to predispose to PC and aggressiveness in Tunisia population. This study provides valuable information for the diagnosis and prognosis of the risk of PC disease.

Clean Intermittent Catheterization (CIC) is the method of choice for bladder emptying in patients having bladder emptying disorders, acquired or pharmacologically induced, whether it is neurologically related or not. The aim of this study is to assess the theoretical and practical knowledge of general practitioners (GP) on CIC.Observational prospective study (anonymous online questionnaire) was conducted with 224 GP between March and April 2020. Each physician had to complete a questionnaire about the definition of CIC, its indications and usage, the indications of urine culture, antibiotic therapy, and the complications of this method of drainage.Only 18.3% of GP that took part in the study gave an exact definition of CIC. As to the importance of it, 67.9% responded that it protects the upper urinary tract and 37.1% that it prevents urinary tract infections (UTI). Fifty-two per cent of physicians were unaware of the regular frequency at which it should carry out a day. Fifty eight percent prescribed sterile gloves and 57.1% an antiseptic. UTI was considered as the main complication of CIC by 87.1% of physicians and 35.7% requested a systematic urine culture for patients under CIC. For patients with an asymptomatic bacteriuria, 65.6% of GP prescribed antibiotic therapy.GP need to improve their knowledge of SIP, its framework, indications, modalities, and the way to deal with colonization or urinary tract infection. This will improve the management of impacted patients.

Background NAD (P) H: quinone oxidoreductase (1) (NQO1‐HGNC: 2874) and myeloperoxidase (MPO ‐HGNC: 7218) are two enzymes involved in phase II of the xenobiotic metabolism pathway. Methods In this study, a case–control analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between genetic variations in the NQO1 (C609T, rs1800566; IVS1‐27 C >G, rs689452) and MPO (G463A, rs2333227) genes and the risk for bladder cancer among Tunisian population. Results We have found that the MPO 463GA genotype was associated with a decreased risk of developing bladder cancer (p = 0.049; OR = 0.696; 95% CI 0.484–0.999). In contrast, we have found that the NQO1 609CT genotype could increase the risk of bladder cancer patients (p = 0.0039; OR = 1.454; 95% CI = 1.017–2.078). Moreover, patients with “NQO1 609 CT/IVS1‐27 CG” genotype show a 2.180‐fold increasing risk for developing bladder cancer in comparison to the control group with wild genotype. This OR is estimated at 5.6‐fold in smokers patients with “NQO1 609 CT/IVS1‐27 CG” genotype. Lastly, study findings suggest that the NQO1 IVS‐27 *CG genotype (rs689452) is associated with a risk of progression to muscle invasive bladder cancer. Conclusion Our study suggests that environmental risk factors in association to NQO1 genotypes (NQO1 609 CT/IVS1‐27 CG) play an important role in the development of bladder cancer in Tunisian population., The present study suggests that diplotypes of the NQO1 gene play an important role in the development of bladder cancer. There is also an additive interaction between smoking, exposition to professional risk factors, and polymorphisms in the NQO1 gene for the risk development of bladder cancer in Tunisian population.

Highlights • Adrenal gland is an unusual location for hydatid cyst. • Clinical presentation and physical examination are unspecific, and can not raise the diagnosis. • Imaging is based on ultrasound, and CT scan, can suspect the diagnosis, describing precisely the features of the hydatid cyst. • Only pathological examination of the specimen after surgery can confirm the diagnosis. • The treatment is surgical and has to be as conservative as possible., Introduction In North Africa which is an endemic region for Hydatid Cyst, Tunisia is considered as an endemic country. The liver and lungs are common locations for Hydatid Cysts, whereas the Adrenal Glands are unusual and rare locations. Presentation of case Here is a report of primary Hydatid Cyst in a 55-year old patient, with left hypochondrium pain as chief complain. No remarkable findings were revealed by physical examination and blood analysis showed normal range. Hydatid serology was negative. The diagnosis of Hydatid Cyst was suspected based on CT Scan results which showed a well-circumscribed, non-enhanced, multi-cystic, 12 cm mass with scattered calcifications located in the left adrenal gland. Therefore, the patient underwent an open surgery with resection of the protruding dome of the cyst as it was attached to the renal pedicle, the pancreatic tail, the spleen and the jejunum. The final pathological examination of the specimen led to a Hydatid Cyst. Discussion Throughout an extensive literature review that we have made, we have analyzed 54 reported cases, with their clinical presentations, biological exams, radiological features and surgical managements. The treatment should be surgical and has to be as conservative as possible. The prevention of the parasite transmission has to be the cornerstone of the disease management. Conclusion The hydatid cyst of the adrenal gland remains a rare diagnosis that has to be evoked in case of an adrenal gland cyst, especially in an endemic country.

Brass alloys are used in many applications. However, improving their surface properties would help to increase their service life. For that, this study proposed to deposit using high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF), nickel-chromium-boron-silicon (NiCrBSi) alloy, and 316L stainless steel (SS) coatings on brass substrates and investigate the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the coatings. The surface–interface morphologies, phases, and porosity of the coatings were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and 3D profilometer. The adhesive strength and microhardness of the NiCrBSi and 316L SS coatings were also studied. Corrosion investigations were carried out using the salt fog test in an acetic acid salt spray atmosphere according to the NF EN ISO 9227 standard. This work showed that the 316L SS coatings presented a lower microhardness and higher adhesion strength than the NiCrBSi coatings despite their lower corrosion resistance. This could be explained by the microstructure of the coatings, the 316L SS coatings exhibiting more defects such as pores, un-melted particles, and oxides.

Electrocoagulation with aluminum and stainless steel electrodes was investigated. Electrocoagulation tests were performed to treat synthetic wastewater containing heavy metallic ions (Cu2+), with concentrations ranging from 100 to 600 ppm. Concentrations of the remaining copper and coagulant (Al3+), generated by electrochemical oxidation of the anode, were optimized by an experimental design methodology. The study was conducted using a Doehlert matrix. The factors considered are: the initial concentration of copper (CCu0); the stirring speed (N); the current density (J); and the electrolysis time (t). As for the response functions measured by atomic absorption, they imply the final concentration of the metallic ions of copper (Y1) and of the metallic ions of aluminum accumulated in the wastewater after electrocoagulation treatment (Y2). The isoresponse curves and the optimum path study of the two retained responses showed that the two optima were found to be opposite. In order to minimize the two responses and determine the conditions of electrocoagulation that satisfy the requirements of the Tunisian standard for effluent discharges NT-106-02 (≤1 ppm for copper and ≤ 10 ppm for aluminum), multicriteria optimization using the desirability function was achieved. In so doing, the determined optimal operating conditions for the process of electrocoagulation were: CCu0 = 421.43 ppm, N = 44.19 rpm, J = 656.41 mA dm−2 and t = 65.12 min, while the corresponding estimated response values were 0.25 ppm and 3.38 ppm for cooper and coagulant (Al3+), respectively. The removal efficiency over 98% was reached for copper. In addition, the results of the study demonstrate that a simultaneous increase of the current density and the stirring speed notably reduces not only the concentration of the remaining copper but also the treatment duration, without inducing a strong increase of the sludge.

In this paper we present the results of the comparative study of the performance of two sulfuric and oxalic anodizing process already retained, based on the superposition of the surface responses. For this purpose two Doehlert experimental designs with three variables (temperature, current density, sulphuric acid concentration) and other three variables (temperature, current density, oxalic acid concentration) were realized. Three responses were studied, namely: growth rate, Vickers microhardness, wear rate after friction test of the anodic oxide layer. A comparative study based on the surface responses was carried out. Compared with the sulphuric acid bath, it was found that the oxalic acid bath affords low growth rates, high wear resistance and high microhardness but less ductile layers. The observed mechanical properties of the oxide layers can be related to their morphology revealed by the scanning electron microscopy and optical observations and their chemical composition determined by the glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy.

In April 2017, curling leaves were seen on Ruta graveolens L. (Rutacea) for the first time in an ornamental nursery at Chott Mariem (Governorate‐Sousse, Tunisia). Samples of the symptomatic leaves were collected and brought to laboratory for identification of the insect pests present. Morphological identification showed the presence of various life stages of Agonoscena succincta (Heeger, 1856) (Hemiptera, Aphalaridae). This species is seen for the first time in Tunisia and Africa.

Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) can harbor two types of bacterial symbionts. In addition to the obligate endosymbiont Buchnera aphidicola Munson, Baumann and Kinsey 1991 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae), several facultative symbiotic bacteria, called secondary (S) symbionts, have been identified among many important pest aphid species. To determine interpopulational diversity of S-symbionts, we carried out a survey in a total of 18 populations of six aphid species collected from six localities in Tunisia, by performing a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction analysis of partial 16S-23S rRNA operon sequences. While 61.7% of individuals contained only Buchnera, three S-symbionts were found at different frequencies. Arsenophonus sp. Gherna et al. 1991 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) was found in all species under study except for Acyrtosiphon pisum (Harris 1776) (Aphidinae: Macrosiphini); Serratia symbiotica Moran et al. 2005 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) was present in all analyzed individuals of A. pisum but only sporadically in Aphis spiraecola (Patch 1914) (Aphidinae: Aphidini) and Hyalopterus amygdali (Blanchard 1840) (Aphidinae: Aphidini), while Hamiltonella defensa Moran et al. 2005 (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae) was found in all analyzed individuals of one population of Aphis gossypii (Glover 1877) (Aphidinae: Aphidini) and sporadically in two populations of Hyalopterus. The lysogenic bacteriophage APSE-1 (A. pisum secondary endosymbiont, type 1) was detected in the three populations infected with H. defensa. This bacteriophage has been associated with moderate protection against braconid parasitoids in pea aphids. The high prevalence of Arsenophonus sp. in our samples is in accordance with previous studies indicating that, among gammaproteobacteria, this genus is one of the most widespread insect facultative symbionts., This work was supported by grants BFU2015-64322-C2-1-R (co-financed by FEDER funds and Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, Spain), PrometeoII/2014/065 (Conselleria d’Educació, Generalitat Valenciana, Spain). S. Zouari is a recipient of a fellowship from Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education, and a grant from the Tunisian-Algerian project 1521ICH/RO, 2012 (co-financed by Tunisian and Algerian Ministries of Higher Education). M. Reyes-Prieto is a recipient of a fellowship (number 538243) from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia, México.

Objectifs Le sondage vesical constitue un geste medical elementaire qui doit etre maitrise par tout etudiant en 2e cycle des etudes medicales. Mal realise, il peut etre responsable de traumatismes et d’infections de l’appareil urinaire. Cette etude a pour objectif d’evaluer les connaissances theoriques et pratiques des etudiants en 2e cycle des etudes medicales sur le sondage vesical. Methodes Etude prospective observationnelle realisee aupres de 1033 etudiants en 2e cycle des etudes medicales a l’aide d’un questionnaire anonyme en ligne entre mars et avril 2020. Le questionnaire comportait 14 questions portant sur les connaissances theoriques et pratiques de la realisation de chaque etape du sondage vesical, les indications d’un examen cytobacteriologique des urines (ECBU) et de l’antibiotherapie ainsi que les complications observees. Les donnees ont ete recueillies par un logiciel Excel, puis analysees grâce au logiciel SPSS version 23.0. Les tests statistiques effectues etaient le test de Chi2, le test exact bilateral de Fisher avec un seuil de significativite (p) fixe a 0,05. Resultats Parmi les 1033 etudiants, 52,3 % n’ont jamais pose de sonde vesicale chez un homme, et 62,4 % chez une femme. Le sondage vesical est considere comme un geste acquit par 31,1 % des etudiants chez l’homme et par 22,1 % chez la femme. Les variables influencant la maitrise du sondage vesical sont resumees dans le Tableau 1 . Une toilette urogenitale avant sondage est realisee par 34,9 % des etudiants et un lavage antiseptique des mains par 52,8 %. Apres sondage, 21,7 % prescrivent systematiquement un ECBU de controle et 32,1 % demarrent un traitement antibiotique en cas de bacteriurie asymptomatique. Concernant le test des connaissances theoriques sur les etapes du sondage vesical, le taux de bonnes reponses moyennes est de 42,38 %. Les variables influencant la maitrise theorique des connaissances sont resumees dans le Tableau 2 ( Fig. 1 ). Conclusion L’apprentissage du sondage urinaire est enseigne de facon insuffisante au cours des etudes medicales puisque les etudiants en medecine se sentent incapables de le reproduire au terme de leur externat. Cette etude doit mener une reflexion sur l’amelioration de l’enseignement et des methodes d’acquisition du sondage urinaire, qui doit etre realise par tous medecins non urologues dans leur pratique quotidienne.

Introduction La pyelonephrite aigue lithiasique (PNAL) est une urgence diagnostique et therapeutique frequente et potentiellement grave. Cette etude rapporte le profil bacteriologique et epidemiologique des PNAL au sein d’un service d’urologie. Materiels et methodes Etude retrospective realisee entre le 01/01/2019 et le 10/01/2020 incluant les patients admis pour PNAL confirmee. Tous les patients presentant une lithiase urinaire obstructive, associee a des lombalgies febriles ont recu une antibiotherapie probabiliste et un drainage des voies excretrices en urgence avec prelevement systematique des urines pyeliques (PUP) pour examen cytobacteriologique. Les hemocultures (HC) n’ont pas ete faites systematiquement. L’identification des bacteries isolees a partir d’un examen cytobacteriologique des urines (ECBU), des HC ou des PUP a ete effectuee selon les methodes conventionnelles, l’etude de la sensibilite aux antibiotiques par la methode de l’antibiogramme (normes du CA-SFM). Resultats Un total de 57 patients (18 hommes, 32 %) a ete inclus, dont 3 (5 %) se sont presentes dans un tableau de sepsis et 2 (3,5 %) dans un etat de choc septique. Un total de 35 bacteries ont ete isolees, 81 % a partir de L’ECBU, 4,5 % des HC et 47 % des PUP. L’ECBU etait negatif dans 30 cas (42 %) parmi lesquels 6 PUP etaient positifs, et aucune hemoculture positive. L’enquete bacteriologique a ete negative chez 9 patients. Tous les germes isoles etaient des enterobacteries, predominees par E. coli chez 21 patients (37 %), K. pneumoniae chez 7 patients (12 %), P. mirabilis chez 6 patients (11 %), et C. freundii chez 1 patient (2 %). La resistance aux cephalosporines de 3e generation a ete notee chez 11 souches (31 %). Quatre enterobacteries (11, 5 %) etaient productrices de betalactamase a spectre elargi (EBLSE). Deux souches etaient resistantes aux carbapenemes (1KP et 1 C. freundii). Concernant les aminosides, la resistance a la gentamicine a ete observee dans 4 cas (11,5 %) et l’amikacine etait efficace dans 91 % (32 souches). Sept souches (20 %) etaient resistantes aux fluoroquinolones et 10 (28,5 %) au cotrimoxazole. L’association cefotaxime et gentamicine a ete utilise comme traitement probabiliste chez 50 patients (88 %). L’evolution apres antibiotherapie adaptee et drainage des cavites excretrices a ete favorable chez 55 patients. Un seul patient, dont l’enquete bacteriologique etait negative, est decede dans un tableau d’etat de choc septique avec un syndrome de defaillance multiviscerale. Conclusion Le profil bacteriologique des PNAL de notre etude est concordant avec l’ecologie bacterienne des infections urinaires. Cependant, la proportion d’enterobacteries BLSE est tres importante, ce qui menace la reponse a l’antibiotherapie probabiliste utilisee selon les recommandations actuelles.

Introduction as COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving, there is a whole reorganization in hospitals to concentrate more resources to face the crisis. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 disease on urological activity in Tunisia. To assess the differences in the management of urological conditions between the private and the public field. Methods a survey was addressed to all certified urologists working in Tunisia in both the public and private sectors (n=194) using the national database of active urologists available and updated. We either called them or looked them up through email or social media. The form was open from March the 28th to April the 3rd. Results were obtained via spreadsheet and analysed using SPSS 23.0. Results one hundred and twenty urologists have filled in the form. Consultations at the outpatient office were restricted to urgent cases in 66% (n=79). Telemedicine was more used by urologists in private than in public fields p=0.03. Urologists in private sector followed more the sterilization protocol of the hospital/clinic and used more disposable materials whenever possible p=0.011. Elective surgical activity has completely stopped in 85% of the responders (n=102). Elective surgery requiring transfusion or intensive care unit was performed in 38% (n=46) and 26% (n=31) if there was a risk of disease progression. Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) surgery was more performed as usual in private sector than in public sector p=0.012. It was the only condition managed differently between both sectors. Conclusion the drop of the urological activity is essential in order to give relevant stakeholders room to act efficiently against the spread of the virus. The context of the pandemic and the hospital´s condition must be taken into consideration without compromising the patient´s outcome.

Objectifs L’IRM prostatique multiparametrique est devenue un outil indissociable de la prise en charge du cancer de prostate et sa place comme outil diagnostique et pre-therapeutique ne fait que se renforcer. Le but de cette etude est d’evaluer la pratique de l’IRM pre-biopsie prostatique dans le continent africain de par les attitudes therapeutiques des praticiens, sa disponibilite et son accessibilite. Methodes Nous avons distribue un questionnaire de 16 items aux urologues exercant dans le continent africain par e-mail et sur plateforme des associations nationales d’urologie des pays africains. Les donnees recueillies en ligne ont ete traitees et analysees vis-a-vis d’indices economiques officiels actualises. Resultats Cent dix urologues des secteurs publics et liberaux du continent africain ont participe a cette enquete : Algerie (54,55 %), Tunisie (28,18 %), Maroc (4,55 %), Libye (3,63 %), Burkina Faso (2,72 %), Republique Democratique du Congo (0,91 %), Republique du Congo (0,91 %), Senegal (0,91 %), Cameroun (0,91 %), Afrique du sud (0,91 %), Kenya (0,91 %), Egypte (0,91 %). Parmi les urologues, 46,4 % considerent que l’IRM prostatique est indispensable a l’indication d’une biopsie prostatique. La difficulte d’acces a ete dans le delai de rendez-vous (Algerie 2,64 ± 1,71 mois, Maroc 4,3 ± 1,83 mois) au secteur public et dans le cout moyen au secteur liberal (Cameroun 250 euros, Burkina Faso 252 euros pour un salaire minimum garanti respectivement de 55 et 50 euros) ainsi que dans l’acces au remboursement. Le schema de biopsie prostatique utilise et l’attitude pre-therapeutique sont majoritairement influences par l’IRM pre-biopsie. Conclusion Si sur un plan theorique, l’IRM prostatique multiparametrique renforce sa place dans l’attitude pre-therapeutique des urologues africains, sa disponibilite, son cout et son accessibilite restent un defi pour l’urologie africaine.

Objectifs Les formes kystiques des tumeurs renales representent moins de 7 % des cancers du rein et doivent etre analysees selon la classification de Bosniak. Le but de notre travail est d’analyser la correlation radio-histologique de ces lesions au sein d’une serie contemporaine pour definir les facteurs predictifs de malignite dans les kystes renaux suspects. Methodes Nous avons inclus les patients operes par nephrectomie elargie, partielle ou tumorectomie de 2010 a 2020 d’une tumeur renale kystique sur l’imagerie preoperatoire. Les tumeurs ont ete classees selon la classification de Bosniak. Seulement les kystes Bosniak 3 ou 4 ont ete retenus. Les caracteristiques cliniques et les donnees radiologiques et histologiques ont ete analysees retrospectivement. Resultats Ont ete inclus dans l’etude 44 patients presentant des kystes classes Bosniak 3 dans 15 cas (35 %) et Bosniak 4 dans 29 cas (65 %). Sur l’examen anatomopathologique, 10 (66 %) des kystes Bosniak 3 et 26 (89 %) des kystes Bosniak 4 etaient malins. Les differents diagnostiques anatomopathologiques sur la piece operatoire sont detailles dans le Tableau 1 . Parmi les tumeurs malignes, 23 (63 %) etaient de faible grade et 13 (17 %) de haut grade nucleolaire et 30 (83 %) etaient de stade 1 ou 2. A l’analyse multivariee, plusieurs facteurs predictifs de malignite ont ete identifies ( Tableau 2 ) representes principalement par la presence de bourgeons tissulaires (p = 0,000), l’irregularite de la paroi kystique (p = 0,000), le nombre de cloison superieur a 5 (p = 0,000), le rehaussement de la paroi ou des cloisons (p = 0,000) et la presence de calcification irreguliere (p = 0,000). Conclusion Notre travail a montre que 19 % des kystes renaux classes Bosniak 3 ou 4 operes etaient benins. Nous avons pu identifier des facteurs cliniques et radiologiques de malignite pouvant aider a affiner le diagnostic et eviter des interventions inutiles. Cependant, une etude prospective est necessaire afin de reviser la classification de Bosniak introduite il y a 30 ans.

Objectifs Les infections postoperatoires augmentent la morbi-mortalite avec un impact socioeconomique important. L’antibioprophylaxie est essentielle pour la maitrise du risque infectieux postoperatoire si elle est bien appliquee selon un protocole conforme aux recommandations pratiques des societes savantes. Le but de cette etude est d’evaluer lors d’un audit la compliance aux recommandations des pratiques d’antibioprophylaxie en chirurgie urologique et identifier les facteurs predictifs de non-conformite. Methodes Il s’agit d’une etude prospective observationnelle deroulee entre decembre 2019 et fevrier 2020. Les patients pour lesquels une antibiotherapie a visee curative etait prescrite n’ont pas ete inclus. Nous avons etudie la conformite de l’indication (recommandee et prescrite ou non recommandee et non prescrite), de l’administration (molecule, dose et horaire d’injection) ainsi que la conformite globale (indication et administration) de l’antibioprophylaxie pour l’ensemble des patients inclus par rapport aux regles d’antibioprophylaxie de la SFAR de 2018. Les donnees ont ete recueillies et analyses par le logiciel SPSS 23.0. Les facteurs predictifs de non-conformite globale ont ete estimes a partir d’analyse de regression logistique univariee. Resultats Au total, 179 pratiques ont ete evaluees. Les caracteristiques demographiques des patients inclus sont resumees dans le Tableau 1 . La conformite de l’indication a ete de 96,6 %. La conformite du choix de la molecule, de la posologie et de l’heure de l’injection a ete respectivement de 89,4 %, 95 % et de 34,1 %. La conformite de l’administration a ete de 32,4 % et la conformite globale a ete de 32,4 %. Apres analyse univariee, le caractere urgent de l’intervention etait correle a la non-conformite de l’indication (p = 0,004). La classe d’ASA (p = 0,002) et la duree d’intervention inferieure a 2 heures (p = 0,000) etaient predictifs de la non-conformite de l’administration et de la conformite globale. Les facteurs predictifs de conformite globale sont resumes dans le Tableau 2 . Conclusion Cette etude a mis en evidence un certain nombre de discordances entre la pratique et les recommandations, surtout en ce qui concerne le respect de l’heure du debut d’injection. Une pratique reguliere de cet audit sensibiliserait l’ensemble des medecins anesthesistes prescripteurs et permettrait de veiller a un meilleur respect des regles elementaires d’antibioprophylaxie dans les milieux chirurgicaux.

Introduction La prevalence des infections associees aux soins a enterobacteries productrices de carbapenemases (EPC) est en augmentation dans le monde. Ces infections, difficiles a traiter et souvent source d’impasses therapeutiques, representent un danger pour les patients avec un risque d’epidemies hospitalieres pouvant devenir incontrolables. Materiels et methodes Une etude retrospective a ete menee entre janvier 2015 et decembre 2019, portant sur les patients qui ont ete hospitalises au service d’urologie chez qui une EPC a ete identifiee sur l’examen cytobacteriologique des urines (ECBU). Les caracteristiques epidemiologiques, cliniques et bacteriologiques de ces infections ont ete etudiees. Resultats Au cours de la periode d’etude, nous avons identifie 25 patients porteurs d’EPC. L’âge moyen etait de 50,5 ans. Une hospitalisation dans les 3 mois precedents a ete retrouvee dans 11 cas (44 %), la prise d’antibiotiques dans les 6 mois precedant l’infection a ete retrouvee dans 13 cas (52 %), et 11 patients (44 %) avaient un ECBU positif a un autre germe dans les 12 mois precedant l’infection. Au cours de l’hospitalisation, un geste urologique a ete realise dans 20 cas (80 %), un materiel etranger urologique etait en place dans 15 cas (60 %) et le delai moyen entre l’hospitalisation et l’infection etait de 12 jours ± 4,8. Sur le plan bacteriologique, les souches identifiees etaient K. pneumoniae (n = 20), E. cloacae (n = 2), E. coli (n = 2) et R. terrigena (n = 1). L’etude de la sensibilite aux antibiotiques a montre qu’elles etaient toutes resistantes a l’ertapeneme, que 10 l’etaient a l’imipeneme (40 %) et que 13 l’etaient au meropeneme (52 %). Par ailleurs, toutes les souches etaient resistantes aux cephalosporines de 3e generation et sept l’etaient a l’amikacine (28 %). Une souche etait resistante a la colistine (etudiee dans 18 cas), et quatre souches l’etaient a la tigecycline (etudiee dans 21 cas). Cliniquement, les EPC etaient responsables d’une bacteriurie asymptomatique dans 14 cas (56 %), et d’une infection declaree dans 11 cas (44 %), le plus souvent une pyelonephrite aigue (5 cas). Deux patients ont presente un choc septique dont un est decede des suites de l’infection. En cas d’infection declaree (11 cas), une double antibiotherapie adaptee a ete prescrite, associant colistine/amikacine(cinq cas), colistine/imipeneme (quatre cas) et imipeneme/amikacine (deux cas). Conclusion Les EPC representent une menace reelle et preoccupante car elles sont capables de provoquer des infections contre lesquelles les moyens therapeutiques sont extremement limites, de se disseminer rapidement et possedent un potentiel epidemiogene important. Les bonnes pratiques d’hygiene hospitaliere sont une pierre angulaire du controle de ces bacteries associee a une utilisation reflechie et limitee des carbapenemes pour diminuer la pression de selection des souches productrices de carbapenemases.

During 2017 and 2018, from June to October, leaf galls were observed for the first time on Sonchus oleraceus L. (Asteraceae), sow thistle, in Akouda‐Sousse, Tunisia. Leaves with galls were collected and brought to the laboratory. After a few days, adults emerged from the leaf galls. Morphological identification showed the emerged gall midges to be Cystiphora sonchi (Vallot, 1827) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae). This is the first record of this species in Tunisia and Africa.

During a study on the population dynamics of aphids on Aleppo pine, Pinus halepensis, in Chott Mariem region, Eulachnus tuberculostemmatus Theobald was found. This is the first record of the species in Tunisia.

A 22-year-old man has consulted in emergency for acute urinary retention and left renal colic. Bladder catheterization was performed. Symptomatic treatment was provided with no improvement. MRI showed a pseudotumoral bladder wall thickening associated with vesical floor budding with prostate median lobe infiltration. The patient got an endoscopy that concluded to an inflammatory aspect of the bladder mycosa and a solid mass in the bladder neck arising. The biopsy during examination concluded to a glandular cystitis. Ultrasonography performed six months later still showed an enlarged prostate of 60g volume, post void residue of 280ml and bilateral hydronephrosis. A second cystoscopy showed an obstructive prostate with a median lobe. A transurethral resection of this lobe was performed. The pathological examination concluded to a benign prostate hyperplasia. This case is likely to be the first reported so far about a BPH in a young male associated with Cystitis Glandularis. Neither etiology nor evidence of the cause behind this case has been identified so far. Although Benign Prostate Hypertrophia is rare among young males, its ethiopathogenesis is not well known, its relation with cystitis glanduralis in young patients has never been described before. Both medical and surgical approaches remain similar to the adults.