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1. Conferencia de Consenso sobre biopsia selectiva del ganglio centinela en el melanoma: Organizada por la Sociedad Española de Cirugía Oncológica (SECO)

Author: Navarro, L. Cabañas, Estrada, R. Botella, Foraster, C. Ferrándiz, Solsona, A. Vilalta, Ortega, S. Serrano, Barona, C. Guillén, López-Amor, M. Fraile, Sicart, S. Vidal, Carsí, C. Martínez, Climent, J. Jiménez, Vidal, A. Alastrúe, Ortuño, A. Rull, Figueras, T. Fernández, Medina, S. Almenar, Jato, A. Moyano, Cámara, J. I. Mayordomo, and Peláez, E. Caso
Published: 2002
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2. Anatomy, immunohistochemistry, and numerical distribution of human splenic microvessels

Author: Amparo Ruiz-Sauri, P. Molina, A. Ferrandez-Izquierdo, María Elena Olmos Ortega, S. Almenar, and Cesar Rios-Navarro
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1, CD8 Antigens, CD34, Immunoglobulins, Spleen, Antigens, CD34, 03 medical and health sciences, Mucoproteins, Trabecular veins, Reticular cell, medicine, Humans, Adapalene, Vein, Forensic Pathology, Sinus (anatomy), Venule, Chemistry, General Medicine, Anatomy, Immunohistochemistry, Actins, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, Arterioles, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Microvessels, 030101 anatomy & morphology, Autopsy, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Splenic Artery, Developmental Biology
Abstract: The microvascular architecture of the spleen plays an important role in the immunological function of this organ. The different types of vessels are related to different reticular cells each with their own immunomodulatory functions. The present study describes an immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of the various types of vessels in 21 human autopsy non-pathological splenic samples. On an area of 785,656.37 μm2 for each sample, we classified and quantified the type and number of vascular structures, each according to their morphology and immunohistochemical profile, and obtained the ratios between them. The distribution of trabecular vessels and the characteristics of the venules are reviewed. In our material the so-called “cavernous perimarginal sinus” (anatomical structure previously described by Schmidt et al., 1988) was observed and interpreted as a curvilinear venule shaped by the follicle in contact with the trabecular vein. Our material comprised 261 trabeculae (containing 269 arterial sections and 508 venous sections), 30,621 CD34+ capillaries, 7739 CD271+ sheathed capillaries, 2588 CD169+ sheathed capillaries, and 31,124 CD8+ sinusoids. The total area (TA) (14,765,714.88 μm2) occupied by the sinusoidal sections of the 21 cases was much higher than the TA of the capillary sections (1,700,269.83 μm2). Similarly, the TA (651,985 μm2) occupied by the sections of the trabecular veins was much higher than the TA of the trabecular arteries (88,594 μm2). The total number of CD34+ capillaries and of sinusoids CD8+ was similar for the sum of the 21 cases, nevertheless there were large differences in each case. Statistically the hypothesis that the number of capillaries and sinusoids are present with the same frequency is discarded. In view of the absence of a numerical correlation between capillaries and sinusoids, we postulate that very possibly the arterial and the venous vascular trees are two anatomically independent structures separated by the splenic cords. We believe that this is the first work where splenic microvascularization is simultaneously approached from a morphometric and immunohistochemical point of view.
Published: 2019

3. Análisis de las coinfecciones mixtas por el virus del papiloma humano (VPH) de alto y bajo riesgo en lesiones de significado incierto

Author: M.T. Navarro Gallego, E. Aznar Oroval, T. García Lozano, J.A. González Monsalve, C. Illueca Ballester, M.C. San Juan Gadea, E. García García, and S. Almenar Medina
Subjects: Reproductive Medicine, business.industry, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medicine, business, Humanities
Abstract: Resumen Introduccion El virus del papiloma humano (VPH) esta implicado en infecciones humanas (enfermedades de transmision sexual [ETS]), de piel y en enfermedades tumorales femeninas como es el cancer de cuello de utero. Las tecnicas moleculares de deteccion de VPH son necesarias para conocer el grado de agresividad del tratamiento y seguimiento clinico. La utilidad de las tecnicas de deteccion del VPH, como cribado, forman parte de los esquemas diagnosticos y terapeuticos de las sociedades oncologicas y ginecologicas mas importantes. Material y metodos Se ha realizado un estudio retrospectivo de 996 citologias desde noviembre de 2008 hasta diciembre de 2011. Los objetivos de nuestro estudio han sido analizar las lesiones preneoplasicas ( lesiones de significado incierto [ASCUS], lesiones escamosas intraepiteliales de bajo riesgo [LSIL], lesiones escamosas intraepitelies de alto riesgo [HSIL]) o sospechosas por parte del servicio de ginecologia y la coinfeccion mixta entre virus del papiloma humano de alto y bajo riesgo (VPH-AR/BR), incluyendo las infecciones por el VPH-AR o VPH-BR y la trascendencia clinica de dichos hallazgos. Resultados De 996 determinaciones de VPH-AR/BR, se hallaron 541 VPH positivos (alto, bajo o ambos) procedentes de citologias en medio liquido de 541 pacientes distintas. El numero total de coinfecciones mixtas (VPR-AR/BR) en muestras normales, ASCUS, inflamacion, HSIL y LSIL de VPH-AR/BR fue de 37, 100, 1, 3 y 29 respectivamente. Conclusiones Existe un alto porcentaje de infecciones mixtas por el VPH de alto y bajo riesgo en lesiones de significado incierto o lesiones precancerosas.
Published: 2015
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4. Microcystic Adnexal Carcinoma: Mohs Micrographic Surgery as the Treatment of Choice

Author: C. Requena-Caballero, B. Llombart-Cussac, Rafael Botella-Estrada, O. Sanmartín-Jiménez, Antonio Martorell-Calatayud, S. Almenar-Medina, C. Guillén-Barona, Carlos Serra-Guillén, E. Nagore-Enguídanos, and B. Echeverría-García
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, business.industry, Wide local excision, medicine.medical_treatment, Perineural invasion, Dermatology, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Surgery, Subcutaneous nodule, Atypia, medicine, Mohs surgery, Basal cell carcinoma, business, Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Abstract: Introduction and objectives Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor that manifests clinically as a subcutaneous nodule located on the head or neck. The tumor can be confused clinically and histologically with other benign and malignant skin lesions, often leading to inappropriate initial treatment. The chief concern with microcystic adnexal carcinoma is the elevated morbidity and the high rate of recurrence after wide local excision. Recent preliminary studies point to higher cure rates with Mohs micrographic surgery. Material and methods We reviewed the medical histories of 6 consecutive patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery in our dermatology department between 1995 and 2007. Results In all cases, lesions were located on the head and were primary tumors. Seventy percent of the tumors were wrongly diagnosed initially as basal cell carcinoma. Perineural invasion was not detected in any patient, and all were free of recurrence after between 1 and 12 years of postoperative follow-up. Conclusions The absence of perineural involvement and substantial cell atypia can be attributed to the lesions being primary tumors. This would provide a rationale for definitive radical treatment of the primary tumor from the outset to avoid the complications associated with recurrence. The site and the absence of recurrence in all our patients who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery support the use of this technique as the treatment of choice in microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Published: 2009
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5. Carcinoma anexial microquístico: la cirugía micrográfica de Mohs como tratamiento de elección

Author: E. Nagore-Enguídanos, O. Sanmartín-Jiménez, C. Serra-Guillén, B. Llombart-Cussac, C. Requena-Caballero, C. Guillén-Barona, B. Echeverría-García, S. Almenar-Medina, Antonio Martorell-Calatayud, and R. Botella-Estrada
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Wide local excision, medicine.medical_treatment, Perineural invasion, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Primary tumor, Surgery, Subcutaneous nodule, Atypia, Medicine, Initial treatment, Basal cell carcinoma, business, Microcystic adnexal carcinoma
Abstract: Introduction and objectives. Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor that manifests clinically as a subcutaneous nodule located on the head or neck. The tumor can be confused clinically and histologically with other benign and malignant skin lesions, often leading to inappropriate initial treatment. The chief concern with microcystic adnexal carcinoma is the elevated morbidity and the high rate of recurrence after wide local excision. Recent preliminary studies point to higher cure rates with Mohs micrographic surgery. Material and methods. We reviewed the medical histories of 6 consecutive patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery in our dermatology department between 1995 and 2007. Results. In all cases, lesions were located on the head and were primary tumors. Seventy percent of the tumors were wrongly diagnosed initially as basal cell carcinoma. Perineural invasion was not detected in any patient, and all were free of recurrence after between 1 and 12 years of postoperative follow-up. Conclusions. The absence of perineural involvement and substantial cell atypia can be attributed to the lesions being primary tumors. This would provide a rationale for definitive radical treatment of the primary tumor from the outset to avoid the complications associated with recurrence. The site and the absence of recurrence in all our patients who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery support the use of this technique as the treatment of choice in microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Published: 2009
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6. Aportación de la PET en el seguimiento de las metástasis cerebrales del cáncer de pulmón no microcítico. Valoración de un caso clínico

Author: L Arribas Alpuente, F Ortega de los Mártires, J Santos Cores, A. Menéndez López, S Almenar Medina, and J. Ferrer Rebolleda
Subjects: business.industry, Medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business, Lung cancer, medicine.disease, Nuclear medicine
Abstract: Resumen Presentamos el caso clinico de un varon de 44 anos diagnosticado de adenocarcinoma pulmonar con metastasis unica cerebral tratada con cirugia y radioterapia. Los estudios con PET realizados durante el curso evolutivo de la enfermedad fueron muy utiles y decisivos en la deteccion primero de radionecrosis, y posteriormente de recidiva de la metastasis cerebral en dos ocasiones que se confirmo por los hallazgos radiologicos (RMN cerebral) y la anatomia patologica tras su extirpacion quirurgica. La PET ofrece una ayuda importante en casos seleccionados de pacientes con metastasis cerebrales de cancer de pulmon.
Published: 2006
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7. RISK GROUPS IN PATIENTS WITH BLADDER CANCER TREATED WITH RADICAL CYSTECTOMY: STATISTICAL AND CLINICAL MODEL IMPROVING HOMOGENEITY

Author: Juan Casanova, Eduardo Solsona, Inmaculada Iborra, J. Rubio, R. Dumont, and S. Almenar
Subjects: Adult, Male, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, Cystectomy, Risk Assessment, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Survival analysis, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Univariate analysis, Bladder cancer, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Surgery, Transitional cell carcinoma, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Female, business
Abstract: In this study we identified homogeneous risk groups, with no survival overlap among the subgroups that make up each risk group, in patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy alone.Predictive factors for tumor death were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis among a group of 298 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy alone. Independent variables were progressively incorporated according to their statistical power in a stepwise process identifying a model with independent subgroups. The risk groups were identified according to different survival cutoff points including subgroups with similar survival. To search a clinical application and to check the strength of this model a new model was also set up using the weight score based on the size of hazard ratio from multivariate analysis.Univariate analysis demonstrated that lymphatic invasion status, pathological stage (P), lymph node status (N) and prostatic stroma status (St) were predictive variables for tumor death, and the latter 3 were independent variables in the multivariate analysis. By taking the most powerful, N, as the reference variable, and progressively incorporating additional variables, a model was found including 7 independent subgroups. In this model only 2 subgroups, N1 and N2-3, included more than 1 category and their survival was also calculated. Three risk groups were identified establishing different survival cutoffs. The 5-year cancer specific survival rate was 86.4% for low risk (P1-2N0St-), 64.4% (range 60.9% to 65.3%) for intermediate risk (P1-2N1St-, P3N0St-, HR = 2.7) and 28.1% (range 0% to 47.7%) for high risk (N2-3, P4, St+, N1P3, HR = 8.7). This model was also reproduced using the weight score based on the size of the hazard ratio from the multivariate analysisThree homogeneous risk groups were identified with high statistically significant survival differences among them and no survival overlap among subgroups that make up the risk groups.
Published: 2005
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8. Clinical Panurothelial Disease in Patients with Superficial Bladder Tumors

Author: J.V. Ricós, J. Rubio, J.L. Monrós, Eduardo Solsona, Inmaculada Iborra, and S. Almenar
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Urinary bladder, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Urinary system, Urology, medicine.disease, Cystectomy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bladder Neoplasm, Carcinoma, medicine, Risk factor, Urothelium, business, Survival rate
Abstract: Purpose: We established the prognostic and therapeutic implications of panurothelial involvement in patients with superficial bladder tumors for optimizing therapeutic approaches in those at risk for panurothelial involvement.Materials and Methods: We studied the records of 35 patients with clinical panurothelial disease. Since all of these patients presented with high risk superficial bladder cancer during followup, they were included in specific therapeutic and followup regimens. Radical procedures or conservative therapies were indicated mainly according to pathological examination and the recurrence pattern.Results: Panurothelial involvement was a late stage of a recurrent and diffuse process that essentially developed in sequences, in which all patients presented with high risk superficial bladder tumors. This process involved continued relapse after panurothelial involvement developed. Notably 19 patients (79.1%) at risk for recurrence had repeat relapse in the urothelium. In the upper urinary tract...
Published: 2002
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9. THE 3-MONTH CLINICAL RESPONSE TO INTRAVESICAL THERAPY AS A PREDICTIVE FACTOR FOR PROGRESSION IN PATIENTS WITH HIGH RISK SUPERFICIAL BLADDER CANCER

Author: R. Dumont, S. Almenar, Juan Casanova, Eduardo Solsona, Inmaculada Iborra, and José Rubio-Briones
Subjects: Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Carcinoma in situ, medicine.medical_treatment, Urology, Cystoscopy, medicine.disease, Cystectomy, Internal medicine, Predictive value of tests, Bladder Neoplasm, Carcinoma, Medicine, business, Survival rate
Abstract: Purpose: We analyzed the 3-month clinical response to intravesical therapy as a factor predictive of progression in patients with high risk superficial bladder cancer.Material and Methods: We evaluated 191 patients with high risk superficial bladder cancer, 111 with secondary or associated bladder carcinoma in situ and 80 with stage T1 grade 3 disease who were treated with intravesical therapy. We considered only clinically complete and no responses at the 3-month endoscopic study. To determine the predictive value of the 3-month clinical response we differentiated progression into superficial and invasive types.Results: At a median followup of 73 months 91 patients (47.6%) had progression, which was superficial in 48 (25.1%) and invasive in 43 (22.5%). Invasive progression was associated with significantly higher cause specific mortality than superficial progression (p = 0). In the latter cases cause specific mortality was higher than in those without progression (p = 0.001). Although cystectomy signific...
Published: 2000
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10. Inmunohistoquímica aplicada en urología

Author: J. Rubio Briones, F. Algaba arrea, E. Solsona Narbón, and S. Almenar
Subjects: business.industry, Urology, Library science, Medicine, business
Published: 1999
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11. Extravesical Involvement in Patients with Bladder Carcinoma In Situ

Author: J.L. Monrós, Eduardo Solsona, R. Dumont, Inmaculada Iborra, S. Almenar, and J.V. Ricós
Subjects: Adult, Male, Urologic Neoplasms, medicine.medical_specialty, Multivariate analysis, Urology, Stromal Invasion, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Prostate, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Survival rate, Pathological, Aged, Urinary bladder, business.industry, Carcinoma in situ, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Survival Rate, medicine.anatomical_structure, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Multivariate Analysis, Female, business, Carcinoma in Situ, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: The biological and therapeutic implications of extravesical involvement in patients with bladder carcinoma in situ were analyzed.Of 138 patients with bladder carcinoma in situ 87 (63%) had extravesical involvement, including the prostate in 53, the upper urinary tract in 11 and both structures in 23 (pan-urothelial involvement). With survival free of disease as an end point, univariate and multivariate analyses were done.Patients with extravesical involvement had worse survival than those with bladder carcinoma in situ alone (p0.001). In multivariate analysis prostate involvement (p = 0.0007) and pan-urothelial involvement (p = 0.0001) were selected as significant variables. When pathological patterns were considered prostatic stromal invasion (p = 0.0002) was the only variable selected. With these data 3 patient groups with disease mortality risk were defined.Prostate involvement and pan-urothelial involvement behave as independent prognostic factors, with the latter probably reflecting an extremetly diffuse character of carcinoma in situ. However, the upper urinary tract had no influence on survival. In patients with upper urinary tract and/or prostatic involvement limited to the mucosa treatment can be conservative. Patients with ductal or stromal involvement should undergo radical treatment. For upper tract involvement conservative approaches may be considered if there are no radiological signs of invasion or low grade tumor.
Published: 1996
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12. The Prostate Involvement As Prognostic Factor in Patients with Superficial Bladder Tumors

Author: Inmaculada Iborra, J.L. Monrós, S. Almenar, Juan Casanova, Eduardo Solsona, and J.V. Ricós
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Urinary bladder, business.industry, Urology, medicine.medical_treatment, Carcinoma in situ, medicine.disease, Cystoprostatectomy, Stromal Invasion, Cystectomy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Transitional cell carcinoma, Prostate, medicine, business, Survival rate
Abstract: Purpose: The prognostic value of prostate involvement in patients with superficial bladder cancer was analyzed.Materials and Methods: We studied 96 patients with prostate involvement. Taking progression-free survival rate as an end point, univariate and multivariate analyses were done.Results: The presence or absence of bladder carcinoma in situ is related to poor and good prognoses, respectively (p less than 0.001). Stromal invasion (p less than 0.001) and pan-urothelial involvement (p = 0.03) were also identified as independent factors of poor prognosis.Conclusions: Patients with tumor limited to the mucosa can be treated conservatively. Cystoprostatectomy can be performed in patients with ductal involvement. The prognosis of patients with stromal invasion is poor despite radical treatment.
Published: 1995
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13. Radial Scar Versus Tubular Carcinoma of the Breast

Author: Robert C. Callaghan, A. Ruiz-Saurí, Juan Carlos Calderón, S. Almenar-Medina, and Antonio Llombart-Bosch
Subjects: Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, Radial scar, Nuclear area, Tubular Carcinomas, Cell Biology, Biology, medicine.disease, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Flow cytometry, Stroma, medicine, Image Cytometry, Tubular carcinoma, Differential diagnosis
Abstract: Summary The present study is focused on the differential diagnosis between radial scar (RS) and tubular carcinoma (TC) using morphometrical and cytophotometrical analysis (static and flow cytometry) of a number of histologically well-established RS cases, (17 lesions) compared with 6 early infiltrating small TC with sclerotic stroma and pseudo-RS fields. One case displayed both RS and TC foci in contiguity. Mean nuclear area was larger in the group of tubular carcinomas (51.0 μ 2 ) than in the cases o f radial sclerosis (38.30 μ 2 ). We also found a larger number of aneuploid cases in tubular carcinomas measured by image cytometry, but both types o f lesions were diploid when measured by flow cytometry; only one case of radial scar resulted aneuploid.
Published: 1995
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14. The ATLAS Inner Detector commissioning and calibration

Author: The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Pedrosa, F.B.S. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Guimarães da Costa, J.B. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. Bazalova, M. Beare, B. Beau, T. Beauchemin, P.H. Beccherle, R. Bechtle, P. Beck, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beckingham, M. Becks, K.H. Beddall, A.J. Beddall, A. Bednyakov, V.A. Bee, C. Begel, M. Harpaz, S.B. Behera, P.K. Beimforde, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bell, P.J. Bell, W.H. Bella, G. Bellagamba, L. Bellina, F. Bellomo, M. Belloni, A. Belotskiy, K. Beltramello, O. Ami, S.B. Benary, O. Benchekroun, D. Bendel, M. Benedict, B.H. Benekos, N. Benhammou, Y. Benjamin, D.P. Benoit, M. Bensinger, J.R. Benslama, K. Bentvelsen, S. Beretta, M. Berge, D. Kuutmann, E.B. Berger, N. Berghaus, F. Berglund, E. Beringer, J. Bernabéu, J. Bernat, P. Bernhard, R. Bernius, C. Berry, T. Bertin, A. Besana, M.I. Besson, N. Bethke, S. Bianchi, R.M. Bianco, M. Biebel, O. Biesiada, J. Biglietti, M. Bilokon, H. Bindi, M. Bingul, A. Bini, C. Biscarat, C. Bitenc, U. Black, K.M. Blair, R.E. Blanchard, J.-B. Blanchot, G. Blocker, C. Blondel, A. Blum, W. Blumenschein, U. Bobbink, G.J. Bocci, A. Boehler, M. Boek, J. Boelaert, N. Böser, S. Bogaerts, J.A. Bogouch, A. Bohm, C. Bohm, J. Boisvert, V. Bold, T. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V.G. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, M. Bordoni, S. Borer, C. Borisov, A. Borissov, G. Borjanovic, I. Borroni, S. Bos, K. Boscherini, D. Bosman, M. Boterenbrood, H. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, J. Bouhova-Thacker, E.V. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, C. Boveia, A. Boyd, J. Boyko, I.R. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Braem, A. Branchini, P. Brandt, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Bratzler, U. Brau, B. Brau, J.E. Braun, H.M. Brelier, B. Bremer, J. Brenner, R. Bressler, S. Britton, D. Brochu, F.M. Brock, I. Brock, R. Brodet, E. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooks, W.K. Brown, G. Bruckman de Renstrom, P.A. Bruncko, D. Bruneliere, R. Brunet, S. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. Bucci, F. Buchanan, J. Buchholz, P. Buckley, A.G. Budagov, I.A. Budick, B. Büscher, V. Bugge, L. Bulekov, O. Bunse, M. Buran, T. Burckhart, H. Burdin, S. Burgess, T. Burke, S. Busato, E. Bussey, P. Buszello, C.P. Butin, F. Butler, B. Butler, J.M. Buttar, C.M. Butterworth, J.M. Byatt, T. Caballero, J. Cabrera Urbán, S. Caforio, D. Cakir, O. Calafiura, P. Calderini, G. Calfayan, P. Calkins, R. Caloba, L.P. Calvet, D. Camarri, P. Cameron, D. Campana, S. Campanelli, M. Canale, V. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Cantero, J. Capasso, L. Garrido, M.D.M.C. Caprini, I. Caprini, M. Capua, M. Caputo, R. Caramarcu, C. Cardarelli, R. Carli, T. Carlino, G. Carminati, L. Caron, B. Caron, S. Montoya, G.D.C. Montero, S.C. Carter, A.A. Carter, J.R. Carvalho, J. Casadei, D. Casado, M.P. Cascella, M. Castaneda Hernandez, A.M. Castaneda-Miranda, E. Gimenez, V.C. Castro, N.F. Cataldi, G. Catinaccio, A. Catmore, J.R. Cattai, A. Cattani, G. Caughron, S. Cavalleri, P. Cavalli, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Ceradini, F. Cerqueira, A.S. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Cerutti, F. Cetin, S.A. Chafaq, A. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chapman, J.D. Chapman, J.W. Chareyre, E. Charlton, D.G. Chavda, V. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. Chekulaev, S.V. Chelkov, G.A. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, X. 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Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The ATLAS Inner Detector is a composite tracking system consisting of silicon pixels, silicon strips and straw tubes in a 2 T magnetic field. Its installation was completed in August 2008 and the detector took part in data-taking with single LHC beams and cosmic rays. The initial detector operation, hardware commissioning and in-situ calibrations are described. Tracking performance has been measured with 7. 6 million cosmic-ray events, collected using a tracking trigger and reconstructed with modular pattern-recognition and fitting software. The intrinsic hit efficiency and tracking trigger efficiencies are close to 100%. Lorentz angle measurements for both electrons and holes, specific energy-loss calibration and transition radiation turn-on measurements have been performed. Different alignment techniques have been used to reconstruct the detector geometry. After the initial alignment, a transverse impact parameter resolution of 22. 1±0. 9 μm and a relative momentum resolution σp/p=(4. 83±0. 16)×10-4 GeV-1×pT have been measured for high momentum tracks. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
Published: 2010

15. Commissioning of the ATLAS Muon Spectrometer with cosmic rays

Author: The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, H. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Axen, D. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Santos Pedrosa, F.B. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Baranov, S. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, J. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. Bazalova, M. Beare, B. Beau, T. Beauchemin, P.H. Beccherle, R. Becerici, N. Bechtle, P. Beck, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beckingham, M. Becks, K.H. Beddall, A.J. Beddall, A. Bednyakov, V.A. Bee, C. Begel, M. Harpaz, S.B. Behera, P.K. Beimforde, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bell, P.J. Bell, W.H. Bella, G. Bellagamba, L. Bellina, F. Bellomo, M. Belloni, A. Belotskiy, K. Beltramello, O. Ben Ami, S. Benary, O. Benchekroun, D. Bendel, M. Benedict, B.H. Benekos, N. Benhammou, Y. Benincasa, G.P. Benjamin, D.P. Benoit, M. Bensinger, J.R. Benslama, K. Bentvelsen, S. Beretta, M. Berge, D. Bergeaas Kuutmann, E. Berger, N. Berghaus, F. Berglund, E. Beringer, J. Bernat, P. Bernhard, R. Bernius, C. Berry, T. Bertin, A. Besana, M.I. Besson, N. Bethke, S. Bianchi, R.M. Bianco, M. Biebel, O. Biesiada, J. Biglietti, M. Bilokon, H. Bindi, M. Binet, S. Bingul, A. Bini, C. Biscarat, C. Bitenc, U. Black, K.M. Blair, R.E. Blanchard, J.-B. Blanchot, G. Blocker, C. Blondel, A. Blum, W. Blumenschein, U. Bobbink, G.J. Bocci, A. Boehler, M. Boek, J. Boelaert, N. Böser, S. Bogaerts, J.A. Bogouch, A. Bohm, C. Bohm, J. Boisvert, V. Bold, T. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V.G. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, M. Bordoni, S. Borer, C. Borisov, A. Borissov, G. Borjanovic, I. Borroni, S. Bos, K. Boscherini, D. Bosman, M. Boterenbrood, H. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, J. Bouhova-Thacker, E.V. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, C. Boveia, A. Boyd, J. Boyko, I.R. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Braem, A. Branchini, P. Brandenburg, G.W. Brandt, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Bratzler, U. Brau, B. Brau, J.E. Braun, H.M. Brelier, B. Bremer, J. Brenner, R. Bressler, S. Britton, D. Brochu, F.M. Brock, I. Brock, R. Brodet, E. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooks, W.K. Brown, G. Bruckman de Renstrom, P.A. Bruncko, D. Bruneliere, R. Brunet, S. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. Bucci, F. Buchanan, J. Buchholz, P. Buckley, A.G. Budagov, I.A. Budick, B. Büscher, V. Bugge, L. Bulekov, O. Bunse, M. Buran, T. Burckhart, H. Burdin, S. Burgess, T. Burke, S. Busato, E. Bussey, P. Buszello, C.P. Butin, F. Butler, B. Butler, J.M. Buttar, C.M. Butterworth, J.M. Byatt, T. Caballero, J. Cabrera Urbán, S. Caforio, D. Cakir, O. Calafiura, P. Calderini, G. Calfayan, P. Calkins, R. Caloba, L.P. Calvet, D. Camarri, P. Cameron, D. Campana, S. Campanelli, M. Canale, V. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Cantero, J. Capasso, L. Capeans Garrido, M.D.M. Caprini, I. Caprini, M. Capua, M. Caputo, R. Caramarcu, C. Cardarelli, R. Carli, T. Carlino, G. Carminati, L. Caron, B. Caron, S. Carrillo Montoya, G.D. Carron Montero, S. Carter, A.A. Carter, J.R. Carvalho, J. Casadei, D. Casado, M.P. Cascella, M. Castaneda Hernandez, A.M. Castaneda-Miranda, E. Castillo Gimenez, V. Castro, N.F. Cataldi, G. Catinaccio, A. Catmore, J.R. Cattai, A. Cattani, G. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavalleri, P. Cavalli, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Ceradini, F. Cerqueira, A.S. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Cerutti, F. Cetin, S.A. Chafaq, A. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chapman, J.D. Chapman, J.W. Chareyre, E. Charlton, D.G. Chavda, V. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. Chekulaev, S.V. Chelkov, G.A. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, X. Cheplakov, A. Chepurnov, V.F. Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. Tcherniatine, V. Chesneanu, D. Cheu, E. Cheung, S.L. Chevalier, L. Chevallier, F. Chiarella, V. Chiefari, G. Chikovani, L. Childers, J.T. Chilingarov, A. Chiodini, G. Chizhov, V. Choudalakis, G. Chouridou, S. Christidi, I.A. Christov, A. Chromek-Burckhart, D. Chu, M.L. Chudoba, J. Ciapetti, G. Ciftci, A.K. Ciftci, R. Cinca, D. Cindro, V. Ciobotaru, M.D. Ciocca, C. Ciocio, A. Cirilli, M. Citterio, M. Clark, A. Clark, P.J. Cleland, W. Clemens, J.C. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cobal, M. Coccaro, A. Cochran, J. Coggeshall, J. Cogneras, E. Colijn, A.P. Collard, C. Collins, N.J. Collins-Tooth, C. Collot, J. Colon, G. Conde Muiño, P. Coniavitis, E. Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Conta, C. Conventi, F. Cooke, M. Cooper, B.D. Cooper-Sarkar, A.M. Cooper-Smith, N.J. Copic, K. Cornelissen, T. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Corso-Radu, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, A. Cortiana, G. Costa, G. Costa, M.J. Costanzo, D. Costin, T. Côté, D. Coura Torres, R. Courneyea, L. Cowan, G. Cowden, C. Cox, B.E. Cranmer, K. Cranshaw, J. Cristinziani, M. Crosetti, G. Crupi, R. Crépé-Renaudin, S. Almenar, C.C. Cuhadar Donszelmann, T. Curatolo, M. Curtis, C.J. Cwetanski, P. Czyczula, Z. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. D'Orazio, A. Da Via, C. Dabrowski, W. Dai, T. Dallapiccola, C. Dallison, S.J. Daly, C.H. Dam, M. Danielsson, H.O. Dannheim, D. Dao, V. Darbo, G. Darlea, G.L. Davey, W. Davidek, T. Davidson, N. Davidson, R. Davies, M. Davison, A.R. Dawson, I. Daya, R.K. De, K. de Asmundis, R. De Castro, S. De Castro Faria Salgado, P.E. De Cecco, S. de Graat, J. De Groot, N. de Jong, P. De Mora, L. De Oliveira Branco, M. De Pedis, D. De Salvo, A. De Sanctis, U. De Santo, A. De Vivie De Regie, J.B. De Zorzi, G. Dean, S. Dedovich, D.V. Degenhardt, J. Dehchar, M. Del Papa, C. Del Peso, J. Del Prete, T. Dell'Acqua, A. Dell'Asta, L. Della Pietra, M. della Volpe, D. Delmastro, M. Delsart, P.A. Deluca, C. Demers, S. Demichev, M. Demirkoz, B. Deng, J. Deng, W. Denisov, S.P. Derkaoui, J.E. Derue, F. Dervan, P. Desch, K. Deviveiros, P.O. Dewhurst, A. DeWilde, B. Dhaliwal, S. Dhullipudi, R. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Domenico, A. Di Girolamo, A. Di Girolamo, B. Di Luise, S. Di Mattia, A. Di Nardo, R. Di Simone, A. Di Sipio, R. Diaz, M.A. Diblen, F. Diehl, E.B. Dietrich, J. Dietzsch, T.A. Diglio, S. Dindar Yagci, K. Dingfelder, J. Dionisi, C. Dita, P. Dita, S. Dittus, F. Djama, F. Djilkibaev, R. Djobava, T. do Vale, M.A.B. Do Valle Wemans, A. Doan, T.K.O. Dobos, D. Dobson, E. Dobson, M. Doglioni, C. Doherty, T. Dolejsi, J. Dolenc, I. Dolezal, Z. Dolgoshein, B.A. Dohmae, T. Donega, M. Donini, J. Dopke, J. Doria, A. Dos Anjos, A. Dotti, A. Dova, M.T. Doxiadis, A. Doyle, A.T. Drasal, Z. Dris, M. Dubbert, J. Duchovni, E. Duckeck, G. Dudarev, A. Dudziak, F. Dührssen, M. Duflot, L. Dufour, M.-A. Dunford, M. Duran Yildiz, H. Dushkin, A. Duxfield, R. Dwuznik, M. Düren, M. Ebenstein, W.L. Ebke, J. Eckweiler, S. Edmonds, K. Edwards, C.A. Egorov, K. Ehrenfeld, W. Ehrich, T. Eifert, T. Eigen, G. Einsweiler, K. Eisenhandler, E. Ekelof, T. El Kacimi, M. Ellert, M. Elles, S. Ellinghaus, F. Ellis, K. Ellis, N. Elmsheuser, J. Elsing, M. Emeliyanov, D. Engelmann, R. Engl, A. Epp, B. Eppig, A. Erdmann, J. Ereditato, A. Eriksson, D. Ermoline, I. Ernst, J. Ernst, M. Ernwein, J. Errede, D. Errede, S. Ertel, E. Escalier, M. Escobar, C. Espinal Curull, X. Esposito, B. Etienvre, A.I. Etzion, E. Evans, H. Fabbri, L. Fabre, C. Facius, K. Fakhrutdinov, R.M. Falciano, S. Fang, Y. Fanti, M. Farbin, A. Farilla, A. Farley, J. Farooque, T. Farrington, S.M. Farthouat, P. Fassnacht, P. Fassouliotis, D. Fatholahzadeh, B. Fayard, L. Fayette, F. Febbraro, R. Federic, P. Fedin, O.L. Fedorko, W. Feligioni, L. Felzmann, C.U. Feng, C. Feng, E.J. Fenyuk, A.B. Ferencei, J. Ferland, J. Fernandes, B. Fernando, W. Ferrag, S. Ferrando, J. Ferrara, V. Ferrari, A. Ferrari, P. Ferrari, R. Ferrer, A. Ferrer, M.L. Ferrere, D. Ferretti, C. Fiascaris, M. Fiedler, F. Filipčič, A. Filippas, A. Filthaut, F. Fincke-Keeler, M. Fiolhais, M.C.N. Fiorini, L. Firan, A. Fischer, G. Fisher, M.J. Flechl, M. Fleck, I. Fleckner, J. Fleischmann, P. Fleischmann, S. Flick, T. Flores Castillo, L.R. Flowerdew, M.J. Martin, T.F. Formica, A. Forti, A. Fortin, D. Fournier, D. Fowler, A.J. Fowler, K. Fox, H. Francavilla, P. Franchino, S. Francis, D. Franklin, M. Franz, S. Fraternali, M. Fratina, S. Freestone, J. French, S.T. Froeschl, R. Froidevaux, D. Frost, J.A. Fukunaga, C. Torregrosa, E.F. Fuster, J. Gabaldon, C. Gabizon, O. Gadfort, T. Gadomski, S. Gagliardi, G. Gagnon, P. Galea, C. Gallas, E.J. Gallo, V. Gallop, B.J. Gallus, P. Galyaev, E. Gan, K.K. Gao, Y.S. Gaponenko, A. Garcia-Sciveres, M. García, C. Navarro, J.E.G. Gardner, R.W. Garelli, N. Garitaonandia, H. Garonne, V. Gatti, C. Gaudio, G. Gautard, V. Gauzzi, P. Gavrilenko, I.L. Gay, C. Gaycken, G. Gazis, E.N. Ge, P. Gee, C.N.P. Geich-Gimbel, C. Gellerstedt, K. Gemme, C. Genest, M.H. Gentile, S. Georgatos, F. George, S. Gershon, A. Ghazlane, H. Ghodbane, N. Giacobbe, B. Giagu, S. Giakoumopoulou, V. Giangiobbe, V. Gianotti, F. Gibbard, B. Gibson, A. Gibson, S.M. Gilbert, L.M. Gilchriese, M. Gilewsky, V. Gingrich, D.M. Ginzburg, J. Giokaris, N. Giordani, M.P. Giordano, R. Giorgi, F.M. Giovannini, P. Giraud, P.F. Girtler, P. Giugni, D. Giusti, P. Gjelsten, B.K. Gladilin, L.K. Glasman, C. Glazov, A. Glitza, K.W. Glonti, G.L. Godfrey, J. Godlewski, J. Goebel, M. Göpfert, T. Goeringer, C. Gössling, C. Göttfert, T. Goggi, V. Goldfarb, S. Goldin, D. Golling, T. Gomes, A. Fajardo, L.S.G. Gonçalo, R. Gonella, L. Gong, C. González de la Hoz, S. Silva, M.L.G. Gonzalez-Sevilla, S. Goodson, J.J. Goossens, L. Gordon, H.A. Gorelov, I. Gorfine, G. Gorini, B. Gorini, E. Gorišek, A. Gornicki, E. Gosdzik, B. Gosselink, M. Gostkin, M.I. Eschrich, I.G. Gouighri, M. Goujdami, D. Goulette, M.P. Goussiou, A.G. Goy, C. Grabowska-Bold, I. Grafström, P. Grahn, K.-J. Grancagnolo, S. Grassi, V. Gratchev, V. Grau, N. Gray, H.M. Gray, J.A. Graziani, E. Green, B. Greenshaw, T. Greenwood, Z.D. Gregor, I.M. Grenier, P. Griesmayer, E. Griffiths, J. Grigalashvili, N. Grillo, A.A. Grimm, K. Grinstein, S. Grishkevich, Y.V. Groh, M. Groll, M. Gross, E. Grosse-Knetter, J. Groth-Jensen, J. Grybel, K. Guicheney, C. Guida, A. Guillemin, T. Guler, H. Gunther, J. Guo, B. Gupta, A. Gusakov, Y. Gutierrez, A. Gutierrez, P. Guttman, N. Gutzwiller, O. Guyot, C. Gwenlan, C. Gwilliam, C.B. Haas, A. Haas, S. Haber, C. Hadavand, H.K. Hadley, D.R. Haefner, P. Härtel, R. Hajduk, Z. Hakobyan, H. Haller, J. Hamacher, K. Hamilton, A. Hamilton, S. Han, L. Hanagaki, K. Hance, M. Handel, C. Hanke, P. Hansen, J.R. Hansen, J.B. Hansen, J.D. Hansen, P.H. Hansl-Kozanecka, T. Hansson, P. Hara, K. Hare, G.A. Harenberg, T. Harrington, R.D. Harris, O.M. Harrison, K. Hartert, J. Hartjes, F. Harvey, A. Hasegawa, S. Hasegawa, Y. Hashemi, K. Hassani, S. Haug, S. Hauschild, M. Hauser, R. Havranek, M. Hawkes, C.M. Hawkings, R.J. Hayakawa, T. Hayward, H.S. Haywood, S.J. Head, S.J. Hedberg, V. Heelan, L. Heim, S. Heinemann, B. Heisterkamp, S. Helary, L. Heller, M. Hellman, S. Helsens, C. Hemperek, T. Henderson, R.C.W. Henke, M. Henrichs, A. Correia, A.M.H. Henrot-Versille, S. Hensel, C. Henß, T. Jiménez, Y.H. Hershenhorn, A.D. Herten, G. Hertenberger, R. Hervas, L. Hessey, N.P. Higón-Rodriguez, E. Hill, J.C. Hiller, K.H. Hillert, S. Hillier, S.J. Hinchliffe, I. Hines, E. Hirose, M. Hirsch, F. Hirschbuehl, D. Hobbs, J. Hod, N. Hodgkinson, M.C. Hodgson, P. Hoecker, A. Hoeferkamp, M.R. Hoffman, J. Hoffmann, D. Hohlfeld, M. Holy, T. Holzbauer, J.L. Homma, Y. Horazdovsky, T. Hori, T. Horn, C. Horner, S. Horvat, S. Hostachy, J.-Y. Hou, S. Hoummada, A. Howe, T. Hrivnac, J. Hryn'ova, T. Hsu, P.J. Hsu, S.-C. Huang, G.S. Hubacek, Z. Hubaut, F. Huegging, F. Hughes, E.W. Hughes, G. Hurwitz, M. Husemann, U. Huseynov, N. Huston, J. Huth, J. Iacobucci, G. Iakovidis, G. Ibragimov, I. Iconomidou-Fayard, L. Idarraga, J. Iengo, P. Igonkina, O. Ikegami, Y. Ikeno, M. Ilchenko, Y. Iliadis, D. Ince, T. Ioannou, P. Iodice, M. Irles Quiles, A. Ishikawa, A. Ishino, M. Ishmukhametov, R. Isobe, T. Issakov, V. Issever, C. Istin, S. Itoh, Y. Ivashin, A.V. Iwanski, W. Iwasaki, H. Izen, J.M. Izzo, V. Jackson, B. Jackson, J.N. Jackson, P. Jaekel, M.R. Jain, V. Jakobs, K. Jakobsen, S. Jakubek, J. Jana, D.K. Jansen, E. Jantsch, A. Janus, M. Jared, R.C. Jarlskog, G. Jeanty, L. Plante, I.J. Jenni, P. Jez, P. Jézéquel, S. Ji, W. Jia, J. Jiang, Y. Belenguer, M.J. Jin, S. Jinnouchi, O. Joffe, D. Johansen, M. Johansson, K.E. Johansson, P. Johnert, S. Johns, K.A. Jon-And, K. Jones, G. Jones, R.W.L. Jones, T.J. Jorge, P.M. Joseph, J. Juranek, V. Jussel, P. Kabachenko, V.V. Kaci, M. Kaczmarska, A. Kado, M. Kagan, H. Kagan, M. Kaiser, S. Kajomovitz, E. Kalinin, S. Kalinovskaya, L.V. Kalinowski, A. Kama, S. Kanaya, N. Kaneda, M. Kantserov, V.A. Kanzaki, J. Kaplan, B. Kapliy, A. Kaplon, J. Kar, D. Karagounis, M. Unel, M.K. Kartvelishvili, V. Karyukhin, A.N. Kashif, L. Kasmi, A. Kass, R.D. Kastanas, A. Kastoryano, M. Kataoka, M. Kataoka, Y. Katsoufis, E. Katzy, J. Kaushik, V. Kawagoe, K. Kawamoto, T. Kawamura, G. Kayl, M.S. Kayumov, F. Kazanin, V.A. Kazarinov, M.Y. Keates, J.R. Keeler, R. Keener, P.T. Kehoe, R. Keil, M. Kekelidze, G.D. Kelly, M. Kenyon, M. Kepka, O. Kerschen, N. Kerševan, B.P. Kersten, S. Kessoku, K. Khakzad, M. Khalil-zada, F. Khandanyan, H. Khanov, A. Kharchenko, D. Khodinov, A. Khomich, A. Khoriauli, G. Khovanskiy, N. Khovanskiy, V. Khramov, E. Khubua, J. Kim, H. Kim, M.S. Kim, P.C. Kim, S.H. Kind, O. Kind, P. King, B.T. Kirk, J. Kirsch, G.P. Kirsch, L.E. Kiryunin, A.E. Kisielewska, D. Kittelmann, T. Kiyamura, H. Kladiva, E. Klein, M. Klein, U. Kleinknecht, K. Klemetti, M. Klier, A. Klimentov, A. Klingenberg, R. Klinkby, E.B. Klioutchnikova, T. Klok, P.F. Klous, S. Kluge, E.-E. Kluge, T. Kluit, P. Klute, M. Kluth, S. Knecht, N.S. Kneringer, E. Ko, B.R. Kobayashi, T. Kobel, M. Koblitz, B. Kocian, M. Kocnar, A. Kodys, P. Köneke, K. König, A.C. Koenig, S. Köpke, L. Koetsveld, F. Koevesarki, P. Koffas, T. Koffeman, E. Kohn, F. Kohout, Z. Kohriki, T. Kolanoski, H. Kolesnikov, V. Koletsou, I. Koll, J. Kollar, D. Kolos, S. Kolya, S.D. Komar, A.A. Komaragiri, J.R. Kondo, T. Kono, T. Konoplich, R. Konovalov, S.P. Konstantinidis, N. Koperny, S. Korcyl, K. Kordas, K. Korn, A. Korolkov, I. Korolkova, E.V. Korotkov, V.A. Kortner, O. Kostka, P. Kostyukhin, V.V. Kotov, S. Kotov, V.M. Kotov, K.Y. Kourkoumelis, C. Koutsman, A. Kowalewski, R. Kowalski, H. Kowalski, T.Z. Kozanecki, W. Kozhin, A.S. Kral, V. Kramarenko, V.A. Kramberger, G. Krasny, M.W. Krasznahorkay, A. Kreisel, A. Krejci, F. Kretzschmar, J. Krieger, N. Krieger, P. Kroeninger, K. Kroha, H. Kroll, J. Kroseberg, J. Krstic, J. Kruchonak, U. Krüger, H. Krumshteyn, Z.V. Kubota, T. 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Wright, D. Wrona, B. Wu, S.L. Wu, X. Wulf, E. Wynne, B.M. Xaplanteris, L. Xella, S. Xie, S. Xu, D. Xu, N. Yamada, M. Yamamoto, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Yamamura, T. Yamaoka, J. Yamazaki, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yan, Z. Yang, H. Yang, U.K. Yang, Z. Yao, W.-M. Yao, Y. Yasu, Y. Ye, J. Ye, S. Yilmaz, M. Yoosoofmiya, R. Yorita, K. Yoshida, R. Young, C. Youssef, S.P. Yu, D. Yu, J. Yuan, L. Yurkewicz, A. Zaidan, R. Zaitsev, A.M. Zajacova, Z. Zambrano, V. Zanello, L. Zaytsev, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zeller, M. Zemla, A. Zendler, C. Zenin, O. Zenis, T. Zenonos, Z. Zenz, S. Zerwas, D. della Porta, G.Z. Zhan, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, Q. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhemchugov, A. Zhong, J. Zhou, B. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhu, C.G. Zhu, H. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, X. Zhuravlov, V. Zimmermann, R. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, S. Ziolkowski, M. Živković, L. Zobernig, G. Zoccoli, A. zur Nedden, M. Zutshi, V.
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider has collected several hundred million cosmic ray events during 2008 and 2009. These data were used to commission the Muon Spectrometer and to study the performance of the trigger and tracking chambers, their alignment, the detector control system, the data acquisition and the analysis programs. We present the performance in the relevant parameters that determine the quality of the muon measurement. We discuss the single element efficiency, resolution and noise rates, the calibration method of the detector response and of the alignment system, the track reconstruction efficiency and the momentum measurement. The results show that the detector is close to the design performance and that the Muon Spectrometer is ready to detect muons produced in high energy proton-proton collisions. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
Published: 2010

16. The ATLAS Simulation Infrastructure

Author: The ATLAS Collaboration Aad, G. Abbott, B. Abdallah, J. Abdelalim, A.A. Abdesselam, A. Abdinov, O. Abi, B. Abolins, M. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, H. Acharya, B.S. Adams, D.L. Addy, T.N. Adelman, J. Adorisio, C. Adragna, P. Adye, T. Aefsky, S. Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A. Aharrouche, M. Ahlen, S.P. Ahles, F. Ahmad, A. Ahmed, H. Ahsan, M. Aielli, G. Akdogan, T. Åkesson, T.P.A. Akimoto, G. Akimov, A.V. Aktas, A. Alam, M.S. Alam, M.A. Albrand, S. Aleksa, M. Aleksandrov, I.N. Alexa, C. Alexander, G. Alexandre, G. Alexopoulos, T. Alhroob, M. Aliev, M. Alimonti, G. Alison, J. Aliyev, M. Allport, P.P. Allwood-Spiers, S.E. Almond, J. Aloisio, A. Alon, R. Alonso, A. Alviggi, M.G. Amako, K. Amelung, C. Amorim, A. Amorós, G. Amram, N. Anastopoulos, C. Andeen, T. Anders, C.F. Anderson, K.J. Andreazza, A. Andrei, V. Anduaga, X.S. Angerami, A. Anghinolfi, F. Anjos, N. Annovi, A. Antonaki, A. Antonelli, M. Antonelli, S. Antos, J. Antunovic, B. Anulli, F. Aoun, S. Arabidze, G. Aracena, I. Arai, Y. Arce, A.T.H. Archambault, J.P. Arfaoui, S. Arguin, J.-F. Argyropoulos, T. Arik, M. Armbruster, A.J. Arnaez, O. Arnault, C. Artamonov, A. Arutinov, D. Asai, M. Asai, S. Asfandiyarov, R. Ask, S. Åsman, B. Asner, D. Asquith, L. Assamagan, K. Astbury, A. Astvatsatourov, A. Atoian, G. Auerbach, B. Augsten, K. Aurousseau, M. Austin, N. Avolio, G. Avramidou, R. Axen, D. Ay, C. Azuelos, G. Azuma, Y. Baak, M.A. Bach, A.M. Bachacou, H. Bachas, K. Backes, M. Badescu, E. Bagnaia, P. Bai, Y. Bain, T. Baines, J.T. Baker, O.K. Baker, M.D. Baker, S. Dos Santos Pedrosa, F.B. Banas, E. Banerjee, P. Banerjee, S. Banfi, D. Bangert, A. Bansal, V. Baranov, S.P. Baranov, S. Barashkou, A. Barber, T. Barberio, E.L. Barberis, D. Barbero, M. Bardin, D.Y. Barillari, T. Barisonzi, M. Barklow, T. Barlow, N. Barnett, B.M. Barnett, R.M. Baroncelli, A. Barr, A.J. Barreiro, F. Guimarães da Costa, J.B. Barrillon, P. Bartoldus, R. Bartsch, D. Bates, R.L. Batkova, L. Batley, J.R. Battaglia, A. Battistin, M. Bauer, F. Bawa, H.S. Bazalova, M. Beare, B. Beau, T. Beauchemin, P.H. Beccherle, R. Becerici, N. Bechtle, P. Beck, G.A. Beck, H.P. Beckingham, M. Becks, K.H. Beddall, A.J. Beddall, A. Bednyakov, V.A. Bee, C. Begel, M. Behar Harpaz, S. Behera, P.K. Beimforde, M. Belanger-Champagne, C. Bell, P.J. Bell, W.H. Bella, G. Bellagamba, L. Bellina, F. Bellomo, M. Belloni, A. Belotskiy, K. Beltramello, O. Ben Ami, S. Benary, O. Benchekroun, D. Bendel, M. Benedict, B.H. Benekos, N. Benhammou, Y. Benincasa, G.P. Benjamin, D.P. Benoit, M. Bensinger, J.R. Benslama, K. Bentvelsen, S. Beretta, M. Berge, D. Kuutmann, E.B. Berger, N. Berghaus, F. Berglund, E. Beringer, J. Bernat, P. Bernhard, R. Bernius, C. Berry, T. Bertin, A. Besana, M.I. Besson, N. Bethke, S. Bianchi, R.M. Bianco, M. Biebel, O. Biesiada, J. Biglietti, M. Bilokon, H. Bindi, M. Binet, S. Bingul, A. Bini, C. Biscarat, C. Bitenc, U. Black, K.M. Blair, R.E. Blanchard, J.-B. Blanchot, G. Blocker, C. Blondel, A. Blum, W. Blumenschein, U. Bobbink, G.J. Bocci, A. Boehler, M. Boek, J. Boelaert, N. Böser, S. Bogaerts, J.A. Bogouch, A. Bohm, C. Bohm, J. Boisvert, V. Bold, T. Boldea, V. Bondarenko, V.G. Bondioli, M. Boonekamp, M. Bordoni, S. Borer, C. Borisov, A. Borissov, G. Borjanovic, I. Borroni, S. Bos, K. Boscherini, D. Bosman, M. Boterenbrood, H. Bouchami, J. Boudreau, J. Bouhova-Thacker, E.V. Boulahouache, C. Bourdarios, C. Boveia, A. Boyd, J. Boyko, I.R. Bozovic-Jelisavcic, I. Bracinik, J. Braem, A. Branchini, P. Brandenburg, G.W. Brandt, A. Brandt, G. Brandt, O. Bratzler, U. Brau, B. Brau, J.E. Braun, H.M. Brelier, B. Bremer, J. Brenner, R. Bressler, S. Britton, D. Brochu, F.M. Brock, I. Brock, R. Brodet, E. Bromberg, C. Brooijmans, G. Brooks, W.K. Brown, G. Bruckman de Renstrom, P.A. Bruncko, D. Bruneliere, R. Brunet, S. Bruni, A. Bruni, G. Bruschi, M. Bucci, F. Buchanan, J. Buchholz, P. Buckley, A.G. Budagov, I.A. Budick, B. Büscher, V. Bugge, L. Bulekov, O. Bunse, M. Buran, T. Burckhart, H. Burdin, S. Burgess, T. Burke, S. Busato, E. Bussey, P. Buszello, C.P. Butin, F. Butler, B. Butler, J.M. Buttar, C.M. Butterworth, J.M. Byatt, T. Caballero, J. Urbán, S.C. Caforio, D. Cakir, O. Calafiura, P. Calderini, G. Calfayan, P. Calkins, R. Caloba, L.P. Calvet, D. Camarri, P. Cameron, D. Campana, S. Campanelli, M. Canale, V. Canelli, F. Canepa, A. Cantero, J. Capasso, L. Garrido, M.D.M.C. Caprini, I. Caprini, M. Capua, M. Caputo, R. Caramarcu, C. Cardarelli, R. Carli, T. Carlino, G. Carminati, L. Caron, B. Caron, S. Montoya, G.D.C. Montero, S.C. Carter, A.A. Carter, J.R. Carvalho, J. Casadei, D. Casado, M.P. Cascella, M. Castaneda Hernandez, A.M. Castaneda-Miranda, E. Gimenez, V.C. Castro, N.F. Cataldi, G. Catinaccio, A. Catmore, J.R. Cattai, A. Cattani, G. Caughron, S. Cauz, D. Cavalleri, P. Cavalli, D. Cavalli-Sforza, M. Cavasinni, V. Ceradini, F. Cerqueira, A.S. Cerri, A. Cerrito, L. Cerutti, F. Cetin, S.A. Chafaq, A. Chakraborty, D. Chan, K. Chapman, J.D. Chapman, J.W. Chareyre, E. Charlton, D.G. Chavda, V. Cheatham, S. Chekanov, S. Chekulaev, S.V. Chelkov, G.A. Chen, H. Chen, S. Chen, X. Cheplakov, A. Chepurnov, V.F. Cherkaoui El Moursli, R. Tcherniatine, V. Chesneanu, D. Cheu, E. Cheung, S.L. Chevalier, L. Chevallier, F. Chiarella, V. Chiefari, G. Chikovani, L. Childers, J.T. Chilingarov, A. Chiodini, G. Chizhov, V. Choudalakis, G. Chouridou, S. Christidi, I.A. Christov, A. Chromek-Burckhart, D. Chu, M.L. Chudoba, J. Ciapetti, G. Ciftci, A.K. Ciftci, R. Cinca, D. Cindro, V. Ciobotaru, M.D. Ciocca, C. Ciocio, A. Cirilli, M. Citterio, M. Clark, A. Clark, P.J. Cleland, W. Clemens, J.C. Clement, B. Clement, C. Coadou, Y. Cobal, M. Coccaro, A. Cochran, J. Coggeshall, J. Cogneras, E. Colijn, A.P. Collard, C. Collins, N.J. Collins-Tooth, C. Collot, J. Colon, G. Conde Muiño, P. Coniavitis, E. Consonni, M. Constantinescu, S. Conta, C. Conventi, F. Cooke, M. Cooper, B.D. Cooper-Sarkar, A.M. Cooper-Smith, N.J. Copic, K. Cornelissen, T. Corradi, M. Corriveau, F. Corso-Radu, A. Cortes-Gonzalez, A. Cortiana, G. Costa, G. Costa, M.J. Costanzo, D. Costin, T. Côté, D. Torres, R.C. Courneyea, L. Cowan, G. Cowden, C. Cox, B.E. Cranmer, K. Cranshaw, J. Cristinziani, M. Crosetti, G. Crupi, R. Crépé-Renaudin, S. Almenar, C.C. Donszelmann, T.C. Curatolo, M. Curtis, C.J. Cwetanski, P. Czyczula, Z. D'Auria, S. D'Onofrio, M. D'Orazio, A. da Via, C. Dabrowski, W. Dai, T. Dallapiccola, C. Dallison, S.J. Daly, C.H. Dam, M. Danielsson, H.O. Dannheim, D. Dao, V. Darbo, G. Darlea, G.L. Davey, W. Davidek, T. Davidson, N. Davidson, R. Davies, M. Davison, A.R. Dawson, I. Daya, R.K. De, K. de Asmundis, R. de Castro, S. De Faria Salgado, P.E.C. De Cecco, S. de Graat, J. De Groot, N. de Jong, P. De Mora, L. De Branco, M.O. De Pedis, D. De Salvo, A. de Sanctis, U. de Santo, A. de Vivie de Regie, J.B. de Zorzi, G. Dean, S. Dedovich, D.V. Degenhardt, J. Dehchar, M. Del Papa, C. Del Peso, J. Del Prete, T. Dell'Acqua, A. Dell'Asta, L. Della Pietra, M. della Volpe, D. Delmastro, M. Delsart, P.A. Deluca, C. Demers, S. Demichev, M. Demirkoz, B. Deng, J. Deng, W. Denisov, S.P. Derkaoui, J.E. Derue, F. Dervan, P. Desch, K. Deviveiros, P.O. Dewhurst, A. DeWilde, B. Dhaliwal, S. Dhullipudi, R. Di Ciaccio, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Domenico, A. Di Girolamo, A. Di Girolamo, B. Di Luise, S. Di Mattia, A. Di Nardo, R. Di Simone, A. Di Sipio, R. Diaz, M.A. Diblen, F. Diehl, E.B. Dietrich, J. Dietzsch, T.A. Diglio, S. Yagci, K.D. Dingfelder, J. Dionisi, C. Dita, P. Dita, S. Dittus, F. Djama, F. Djilkibaev, R. Djobava, T. do Vale, M.A.B. Do Wemans, A.V. Doan, T.K.O. Dobos, D. Dobson, E. Dobson, M. Doglioni, C. Doherty, T. Dolejsi, J. Dolenc, I. Dolezal, Z. Dolgoshein, B.A. Dohmae, T. Donega, M. Donini, J. Dopke, J. Doria, A. Dos Anjos, A. Dotti, A. Dova, M.T. Doxiadis, A. Doyle, A.T. Drasal, Z. Dris, M. Dubbert, J. Duchovni, E. Duckeck, G. Dudarev, A. Dudziak, F. Dührssen, M. Duflot, L. Dufour, M.-A. Dunford, M. Duran Yildiz, H. Dushkin, A. Duxfield, R. Dwuznik, M. Düren, M. Ebenstein, W.L. Ebke, J. Eckweiler, S. Edmonds, K. Edwards, C.A. Egorov, K. Ehrenfeld, W. Ehrich, T. Eifert, T. Eigen, G. Einsweiler, K. Eisenhandler, E. Ekelof, T. El Kacimi, M. Ellert, M. Elles, S. Ellinghaus, F. Ellis, K. Ellis, N. Elmsheuser, J. Elsing, M. Emeliyanov, D. Engelmann, R. Engl, A. Epp, B. Eppig, A. Erdmann, J. Ereditato, A. Eriksson, D. Ermoline, I. Ernst, J. Ernst, M. Ernwein, J. Errede, D. Errede, S. Ertel, E. Escalier, M. Escobar, C. Curull, X.E. Esposito, B. Etienvre, A.I. Etzion, E. Evans, H. Fabbri, L. Fabre, C. Facius, K. Fakhrutdinov, R.M. Falciano, S. Fang, Y. Fanti, M. Farbin, A. Farilla, A. Farley, J. Farooque, T. Farrington, S.M. Farthouat, P. Fassnacht, P. Fassouliotis, D. Fatholahzadeh, B. Fayard, L. Fayette, F. Febbraro, R. Federic, P. Fedin, O.L. Fedorko, W. Feligioni, L. Felzmann, C.U. Feng, C. Feng, E.J. Fenyuk, A.B. Ferencei, J. Ferland, J. Fernandes, B. Fernando, W. Ferrag, S. Ferrando, J. Ferrara, V. Ferrari, A. Ferrari, P. Ferrari, R. 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Poggioli, L. Pohl, M. Polci, F. Polesello, G. Policicchio, A. Polini, A. Poll, J. Polychronakos, V. Pomeroy, D. Pommès, K. Ponsot, P. Pontecorvo, L. Pope, B.G. Popeneciu, G.A. Popovic, D.S. Poppleton, A. Popule, J. Bueso, X.P. Porter, R. Pospelov, G.E. Pospisil, S. Potekhin, M. Potrap, I.N. Potter, C.J. Potter, C.T. Potter, K.P. Poulard, G. Poveda, J. Prabhu, R. Pralavorio, P. Prasad, S. Pravahan, R. Pribyl, L. Price, D. Price, L.E. Prichard, P.M. Prieur, D. Primavera, M. Prokofiev, K. Prokoshin, F. Protopopescu, S. Proudfoot, J. Prudent, X. Przysiezniak, H. Psoroulas, S. Ptacek, E. Puigdengoles, C. Purdham, J. Purohit, M. Puzo, P. Pylypchenko, Y. Qi, M. Qian, J. Qian, W. Qin, Z. Quadt, A. Quarrie, D.R. Quayle, W.B. Quinonez, F. Raas, M. Radeka, V. Radescu, V. Radics, B. Rador, T. Ragusa, F. Rahal, G. Rahimi, A.M. Rajagopalan, S. Rammensee, M. Rammes, M. Rauscher, F. Rauter, E. Raymond, M. Read, A.L. Rebuzzi, D.M. Redelbach, A. Redlinger, G. Reece, R. Reeves, K. Reinherz-Aronis, E. Reinsch, A. Reisinger, I. Reljic, D. Rembser, C. Ren, Z.L. Renkel, P. Rescia, S. Rescigno, M. Resconi, S. Resende, B. Reznicek, P. Rezvani, R. Richards, A. Richards, R.A. Richter, R. Richter-Was, E. Ridel, M. Rijpstra, M. Rijssenbeek, M. Rimoldi, A. Rinaldi, L. Rios, R.R. Riu, I. Rizatdinova, F. Rizvi, E. Romero, D.A.R. Robertson, S.H. Robichaud-Veronneau, A. Robinson, D. Robinson, J.E.M. Robinson, M. Robson, A. Rocha de Lima, J.G. Roda, C. Roda Dos Santos, D. Rodriguez, D. Garcia, Y.R. Roe, S. Røhne, O. Rojo, V. Rolli, S. Romaniouk, A. Romanov, V.M. Romeo, G. Maltrana, D.R. Roos, L. Ros, E. Rosati, S. Rosenbaum, G.A. Rosselet, L. Rossetti, V. Rossi, L.P. Rotaru, M. Rothberg, J. Rousseau, D. Royon, C.R. Rozanov, A. Rozen, Y. Ruan, X. Ruckert, B. Ruckstuhl, N. Rud, V.I. Rudolph, G. Rühr, F. Ruggieri, F. Ruiz-Martinez, A. Rumyantsev, L. Rurikova, Z. Rusakovich, N.A. Rutherfoord, J.P. Ruwiedel, C. Ruzicka, P. Ryabov, Y.F. Ryan, P. Rybkin, G. Rzaeva, S. Saavedra, A.F. Sadrozinski, H.F.-W. Sadykov, R. Sakamoto, H. Salamanna, G. Salamon, A. Saleem, M.S. Salihagic, D. Salnikov, A. Salt, J. Salvachua Ferrando, B.M. Salvatore, D. Salvatore, F. Salvucci, A. Salzburger, A. Sampsonidis, D. Samset, B.H. Sandaker, H. Sander, H.G. Sanders, M.P. Sandhoff, M. Sandhu, P. Sandstroem, R. Sandvoss, S. Sankey, D.P.C. Sanny, B. Sansoni, A. Rios, C.S. Santoni, C. Santonico, R. Saraiva, J.G. Sarangi, T. Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, E. Sarri, F. Sasaki, O. Sasao, N. Satsounkevitch, I. Sauvage, G. Savard, P. Savine, A.Y. Savinov, V. Sawyer, L. Saxon, D.H. Says, L.P. Sbarra, C. Sbrizzi, A. Scannicchio, D.A. Schaarschmidt, J. Schacht, P. Schäfer, U. Schaetzel, S. Schaffer, A.C. Schaile, D. Schamberger, R.D. Schamov, A.G. Schegelsky, V.A. Scheirich, D. Schernau, M. Scherzer, M.I. Schiavi, C. Schieck, J. Schioppa, M. Schlenker, S. Schmidt, E. Schmieden, K. Schmitt, C. Schmitz, M. Schott, M. Schouten, D. Schovancova, J. Schram, M. Schreiner, A. Schroeder, C. Schroer, N. Schroers, M. Schultes, J. Schultz-Coulon, H.-C. Schumacher, J.W. Schumacher, M. Schumm, B.A. Schune, P. Schwanenberger, C. Schwartzman, A. Schwemling, P. Schwienhorst, R. Schwierz, R. Schwindling, J. Scott, W.G. Searcy, J. Sedykh, E. Segura, E. Seidel, S.C. Seiden, A. Seifert, F. Seixas, J.M. Sekhniaidze, G. Seliverstov, D.M. Sellden, B. Semprini-Cesari, N. Serfon, C. Serin, L. Seuster, R. Severini, H. Sevior, M.E. Sfyrla, A. Shabalina, E. Shamim, M. Shan, L.Y. Shank, J.T. Shao, Q.T. Shapiro, M. Shatalov, P.B. Shaw, K. Sherman, D. Sherwood, P. Shibata, A. Shimojima, M. Shin, T. Shmeleva, A. Shochet, M.J. Shupe, M.A. Sicho, P. Sidoti, A. Siegert, F. Siegrist, J. Sijacki, D. Silbert, O. Silva, J. Silver, Y. Silverstein, D. Silverstein, S.B. Simak, V. Simic, L. Simion, S. Simmons, B. Simonyan, M. Sinervo, P. Sinev, N.B. Sipica, V. Siragusa, G. Sisakyan, A.N. Sivoklokov, S.Y. Sjoelin, J. Sjursen, T.B. Skovpen, K. Skubic, P. Slater, M. Slavicek, T. Sliwa, K. Sloper, J. Sluka, T. Smakhtin, V. Smirnov, S.Y. Smirnov, Y. Smirnova, L.N. Smirnova, O. Smith, B.C. Smith, D. Smith, K.M. Smizanska, M. Smolek, K. Snesarev, A.A. Snow, S.W. Snow, J. Snuverink, J. Snyder, S. Soares, M. Sobie, R. Sodomka, J. Soffer, A. Solans, C.A. Solar, M. Solc, J. Camillocci, E.S. Solodkov, A.A. Solovyanov, O.V. Soluk, R. Sondericker, J. Sopko, V. Sopko, B. Sosebee, M. Soukharev, A. Spagnolo, S. Spanò, F. Spencer, E. Spighi, R. Spigo, G. Spila, F. Spiwoks, R. Spousta, M. Spreitzer, T. Spurlock, B. Denis, R.D.S. Stahl, T. Stahlman, J. Stamen, R. Stancu, S.N. Stanecka, E. Stanek, R.W. Stanescu, C. Stapnes, S. Starchenko, E.A. Stark, J. Staroba, P. Starovoitov, P. Stastny, J. Stavina, P. Stavropoulos, G. Steele, G. Steinbach, P. Steinberg, P. Stekl, I. Stelzer, B. Stelzer, H.J. Stelzer-Chilton, O. Stenzel, H. Stevenson, K. Stewart, G.A. Stockton, M.C. Stoerig, K. Stoicea, G. Stonjek, S. Strachota, P. Stradling, A.R. Straessner, A. Strandberg, J. Strandberg, S. Strandlie, A. Strauss, M. Strizenec, P. Ströhmer, R. Strom, D.M. Stroynowski, R. Strube, J. Stugu, B. Soh, D.A. Su, D. Sugaya, Y. Sugimoto, T. Suhr, C. Suk, M. Sulin, V.V. Sultansoy, S. Sumida, T. Sun, X.H. Sundermann, J.E. Suruliz, K. Sushkov, S. Susinno, G. Sutton, M.R. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, Y. Sykora, I. Sykora, T. Szymocha, T. Sánchez, J. Ta, D. Tackmann, K. Taffard, A. Tafirout, R. Taga, A. Takahashi, Y. Takai, H. Takashima, R. Takeda, H. Takeshita, T. Talby, M. Talyshev, A. Tamsett, M.C. Tanaka, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, S. Tapprogge, S. Tardif, D. Tarem, S. Tarrade, F. Tartarelli, G.F. Tas, P. Tasevsky, M. Tassi, E. Tatarkhanov, M. Taylor, C. Taylor, F.E. Taylor, G.N. Taylor, R.P. Taylor, W. Teixeira-Dias, P. Kate, H.T. Teng, P.K. Tennenbaum-Katan, Y.D. Terada, S. Terashi, K. Terron, J. Terwort, M. Testa, M. Teuscher, R.J. Thioye, M. Thoma, S. Thomas, J.P. Thompson, E.N. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, P.D. Thompson, R.J. Thompson, A.S. Thomson, E. Thun, R.P. Tic, T. Tikhomirov, V.O. Tikhonov, Y.A. Tipton, P. Aires Viegas, F.J.T. Tisserant, S. Toczek, B. Todorov, T. Todorova-Nova, S. Toggerson, B. Tojo, J. Tokár, S. Tokushuku, K. Tollefson, K. Tomasek, L. Tomasek, M. Tomoto, M. Tompkins, L. Toms, K. Tonoyan, A. Topfel, C. Topilin, N.D. Torrence, E. Pastor, E.T. Toth, J. Touchard, F. Tovey, D.R. Trefzger, T. Tremblet, L. Tricoli, A. Trigger, I.M. Trincaz-Duvoid, S. Trinh, T.N. Tripiana, M.F. Triplett, N. Trischuk, W. Trivedi, A. Trocmé, B. Troncon, C. Trzupek, A. Tsarouchas, C. Tseng, J.C.-L. Tsiakiris, M. Tsiareshka, P.V. Tsionou, D. Tsipolitis, G. Tsiskaridze, V. Tskhadadze, E.G. Tsukerman, I.I. Tsulaia, V. Tsung, J.-W. Tsuno, S. Tsybychev, D. Tuggle, J.M. Turecek, D. Cakir, I.T. Turlay, E. Tuts, P.M. Twomey, M.S. Tylmad, M. Tyndel, M. Uchida, K. Ueda, I. Ugland, M. Uhlenbrock, M. Uhrmacher, M. Ukegawa, F. Unal, G. Undrus, A. Unel, G. Unno, Y. Urbaniec, D. Urkovsky, E. Urquijo, P. Urrejola, P. Usai, G. Uslenghi, M. Vacavant, L. Vacek, V. Vachon, B. Vahsen, S. Valente, P. Valentinetti, S. Valkar, S. Valladolid Gallego, E. Vallecorsa, S. Ferrer, J.A.V. Van Berg, R. van der Graaf, H. van der Kraaij, E. van der Poel, E. van der Ster, D. van Eldik, N. van Gemmeren, P. van Kesteren, Z. van Vulpen, I. Vandelli, W. Vaniachine, A. Vankov, P. Vannucci, F. Vari, R. Varnes, E.W. Varouchas, D. Vartapetian, A. Varvell, K.E. Vasilyeva, L. Vassilakopoulos, V.I. Vazeille, F. Vellidis, C. Veloso, F. Veneziano, S. Ventura, A. Ventura, D. Venturi, M. Venturi, N. Vercesi, V. Verducci, M. Verkerke, W. Vermeulen, J.C. Vetterli, M.C. Vichou, I. Vickey, T. Viehhauser, G.H.A. Villa, M. Villani, E.G. Perez, M.V. Vilucchi, E. Vincter, M.G. Vinek, E. Vinogradov, V.B. Viret, S. Virzi, J. Vitale, A. Vitells, O. Vivarelli, I. Vaque, F.V. Vlachos, S. Vlasak, M. Vlasov, N. Vogel, A. Vokac, P. Volpi, M. von der Schmitt, H. von Loeben, J. von Radziewski, H. von Toerne, E. Vorobel, V. Vorwerk, V. Vos, M. Voss, R. Voss, T.T. Vossebeld, J.H. Vranjes, N. Milosavljevic, M.V. Vrba, V. Vreeswijk, M. Anh, T.V. Vudragovic, D. Vuillermet, R. Vukotic, I. Wagner, P. Walbersloh, J. Walder, J. Walker, R. Walkowiak, W. Wall, R. Wang, C. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, S.M. Warburton, A. Ward, C.P. Warsinsky, M. Wastie, R. Watkins, P.M. Watson, A.T. Watson, M.F. Watts, G. Watts, S. Waugh, A.T. Waugh, B.M. Weber, M.D. Weber, M. Weber, M.S. Weber, P. Weidberg, A.R. Weingarten, J. Weiser, C. Wellenstein, H. Wells, P.S. Wen, M. Wenaus, T. Wendler, S. Wengler, T. Wenig, S. Wermes, N. Werner, M. Werner, P. Werth, M. Werthenbach, U. Wessels, M. Whalen, K. White, A. White, M.J. White, S. Whitehead, S.R. Whiteson, D. Whittington, D. Wicek, F. Wicke, D. Wickens, F.J. Wiedenmann, W. Wielers, M. Wienemann, P. Wiglesworth, C. Wiik, L.A.M. Wildauer, A. Wildt, M.A. Wilkens, H.G. Williams, E. Williams, H.H. Willocq, S. Wilson, J.A. Wilson, M.G. Wilson, A. Wingerter-Seez, I. Winklmeier, F. Wittgen, M. Wolter, M.W. Wolters, H. Wosiek, B.K. Wotschack, J. Woudstra, M.J. Wraight, K. Wright, C. Wright, D. Wrona, B. Wu, S.L. Wu, X. Wulf, E. Wynne, B.M. Xaplanteris, L. Xella, S. Xie, S. Xu, D. Xu, N. Yamada, M. Yamamoto, A. Yamamoto, K. Yamamoto, S. Yamamura, T. Yamaoka, J. Yamazaki, T. Yamazaki, Y. Yan, Z. Yang, H. Yang, U.K. Yang, Z. Yao, W.-M. Yao, Y. Yasu, Y. Ye, J. Ye, S. Yilmaz, M. Yoosoofmiya, R. Yorita, K. Yoshida, R. Young, C. Youssef, S.P. Yu, D. Yu, J. Yuan, L. Yurkewicz, A. Zaidan, R. Zaitsev, A.M. Zajacova, Z. Zambrano, V. Zanello, L. Zaytsev, A. Zeitnitz, C. Zeller, M. Zemla, A. Zendler, C. Zenin, O. Zenis, T. Zenonos, Z. Zenz, S. Zerwas, D. della Porta, G.Z. Zhan, Z. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, Q. Zhang, X. Zhao, L. Zhao, T. Zhao, Z. Zhemchugov, A. Zhong, J. Zhou, B. Zhou, N. Zhou, Y. Zhu, C.G. Zhu, H. Zhu, Y. Zhuang, X. Zhuravlov, V. Zimmermann, R. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, S. Ziolkowski, M. Živković, L. Zobernig, G. Zoccoli, A. zur Nedden, M. Zutshi, V.
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract: The simulation software for the ATLAS Experiment at the Large Hadron Collider is being used for large-scale production of events on the LHC Computing Grid. This simulation requires many components, from the generators that simulate particle collisions, through packages simulating the response of the various detectors and triggers. All of these components come together under the ATLAS simulation infrastructure. In this paper, that infrastructure is discussed, including that supporting the detector description, interfacing the event generation, and combining the GEANT4 simulation of the response of the individual detectors. Also described are the tools allowing the software validation, performance testing, and the validation of the simulated output against known physics processes. © 2010 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration.
Published: 2010

17. [Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: Mohs micrographic surgery as the treatment of choice]

Author: A, Martorell-Calatayud, C, Requena-Caballero, R, Botella-Estrada, S, Almenar-Medina, O, Sanmartín-Jiménez, B, Llombart-Cussac, E, Nagore-Enguídanos, C, Serra-Guillén, B, Echeverría-García, and C, Guillén-Barona
Subjects: Aged, 80 and over, Male, Skin Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Humans, Female, Facial Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Mohs Surgery, Aged
Abstract: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor that manifests clinically as a subcutaneous nodule located on the head or neck. The tumor can be confused clinically and histologically with other benign and malignant skin lesions, often leading to inappropriate initial treatment. The chief concern with microcystic adnexal carcinoma is the elevated morbidity and the high rate of recurrence after wide local excision. Recent preliminary studies point to higher cure rates with Mohs micrographic surgery.We reviewed the medical histories of 6 consecutive patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery in our dermatology department between 1995 and 2007.In all cases, lesions were located on the head and were primary tumors. Seventy percent of the tumors were wrongly diagnosed initially as basal cell carcinoma. Perineural invasion was not detected in any patient, and all were free of recurrence after between 1 and 12 years of postoperative follow-up.The absence of perineural involvement and substantial cell atypia can be attributed to the lesions being primary tumors. This would provide a rationale for definitive radical treatment of the primary tumor from the outset to avoid the complications associated with recurrence. The site and the absence of recurrence in all our patients who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery support the use of this technique as the treatment of choice in microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Published: 2009

18. Radiation-Induced Leiomyosarcoma after Breast Cancer Treatment and TRAM Flap Reconstruction

Author: S. Almenar, B. Merck, M. Olcina, M. J. Giménez-Climent, M. F. Sancho-Merle, C. Vázquez-Albadalejo, and F. Llopis
Subjects: Leiomyosarcoma, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Radiation induced, Case Report, medicine.disease, lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, lcsh:RC254-282, Surgery, Tram flap, Radiation therapy, Therapeutic approach, Breast cancer, Oncology, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Sarcoma, business, Mastectomy
Abstract: The development of a radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) in the post mastectomy thoracic treatment volume is an infrequent, but recognized, event. Its frequency is rising in relation with increasing survival of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiation therapy, and is associated with poor prognosis despite treatment. We present a case of leiomyosarcoma in a patient who underwent mastectomy followed by radiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma. A delayed TRAM flap reconstruction was performed 10 years after and a rapid growing mass under the reconstructed flap appeared, on routine follow-up, twenty years later. This report analyzes the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of patients with RIS.
Published: 2008

19. [PET detection of a primary gall bladder tumor and pericystic metastatic adenopathy]

Author: M P, Cózar, F, Ortega, C, Fuster, C, Vázquez-Albadalejo, J, Santos, and S, Almenar
Subjects: Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Carcinoma, Lobular, Cholelithiasis, Lymphatic Metastasis, Positron-Emission Tomography, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Gallbladder Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Middle Aged, Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Published: 2006

20. [Contribution of PET in the follow-up of cerebral metastases in non-small cell lung cancer. A clinical case valuation]

Author: J, Ferrer Rebolleda, F, Ortega de los Mártires, J, Santos Cores, A, Menéndez López, L, Arribas Alpuente, and S, Almenar Medina
Subjects: Adult, Male, Lung Neoplasms, Radiotherapy, Brain Neoplasms, Adenocarcinoma, Radiosurgery, Combined Modality Therapy, Neoadjuvant Therapy, Frontal Lobe, Diagnosis, Differential, Seizures, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Parietal Lobe, Positron-Emission Tomography, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Pneumonectomy, Radiation Injuries
Abstract: We report a clinical case of a male 44 years old with lung adenocarcinoma with a single brain metastases treated with surgery and radiotherapy. The different PET studies performed during the evolution of the disease were very useful and crucial, firstly in the detection of radiation necrosis and after that when cerebral metastases recurrent appeared twice. The radiographic technique (Brain MRI) and the histopathology after the surgical removal confirmed the PET results. PET imaging is helpful in selected patients with brain metastases in lung cancer.
Published: 2006

21. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 20 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma in search of prognostic markers

Author: Beatriz Llombart, Antonio Llombart-Bosch, Carmen Carda, José Martín, Jose Antonio López-Guerrero, I Molina, Onofre Sanmartín, Esperanza Jordá, S Almenar, and Carlos Monteagudo
Subjects: Male, Pathology, Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1, Keratin-20, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Lymph node, Aged, 80 and over, biology, Merkel cell carcinoma, Chromogranin A, Nuclear Proteins, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Immunohistochemistry, DNA-Binding Proteins, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit, medicine.anatomical_structure, Female, Merkel cell, medicine.medical_specialty, Histology, CD99, Synaptophysin, 12E7 Antigen, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Antigens, CD, Proto-Oncogene Proteins, Carcinoma, medicine, Biomarkers, Tumor, Chromogranins, Humans, Survival analysis, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1, Keratin 20, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell, Microscopy, Electron, Ki-67 Antigen, Multivariate Analysis, biology.protein, Trans-Activators, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Follow-Up Studies, Transcription Factors
Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) in an attempt to find new, potentially significant, prognostic markers. Methods and results: Clinical data and follow-up, histopathological features (pattern, cell size, thickness, mitoses, vascular invasion, lymphocytic infiltration) and immunohistochemical detection [CK20, thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1), chromogranin A, synaptophysin, p53, Ki67, Fli-1, CD99, c-Kit] were evaluated in 20 cases of MCC. Fli-1 and CD99 were detected in 90% and 55% of cases, respectively. Tumour size > 30 mm, stage II, ‘absent’ lymphocytic infiltration, and the presence of > 50% of Ki67+ tumour cells, were found to be prognostic indicators of disease-free interval (DFI), but only ‘absent’ lymphocytic infiltration constituted an independent prognostic factor of DFI after multivariate analysis. For overall survival, the same variables, together with local recurrence and lymph node involvement, had prognostic significance, with only local recurrence as an independent prognostic factor after multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Absence of lymphocytic infiltration and Ki67 immunoreactivity in more than 50% of tumour cells should be evaluated in conjunction with other well-known prognostic markers in MCC. Furthermore, recognizing that Fli-1 and CD99 expression is commonly found in MCC by immunohistochemistry may avoid misinterpretation in the differential diagnosis of MCC with other small round cell tumours.
Published: 2005

22. Clinical panurothelial disease in patients with superficial bladder tumors: therapeutic implications

Author: E, Solsona, I, Iborra, J V, Ricos, J L, Monros, J, Rubio, and S, Almenar
Subjects: Male, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell, Urinary Bladder, Prostatic Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Cystectomy, Prognosis, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Survival Rate, Treatment Outcome, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Humans, Female, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Carcinoma in Situ, Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Neoplasm Staging
Abstract: We established the prognostic and therapeutic implications of panurothelial involvement in patients with superficial bladder tumors for optimizing therapeutic approaches in those at risk for panurothelial involvement.We studied the records of 35 patients with clinical panurothelial disease. Since all of these patients presented with high risk superficial bladder cancer during followup, they were included in specific therapeutic and followup regimens. Radical procedures or conservative therapies were indicated mainly according to pathological examination and the recurrence pattern.Panurothelial involvement was a late stage of a recurrent and diffuse process that essentially developed in sequences, in which all patients presented with high risk superficial bladder tumors. This process involved continued relapse after panurothelial involvement developed. Notably 19 patients (79.1%) at risk for recurrence had repeat relapse in the urothelium. In the upper urinary tract 12 patients (34.3%) had bilateral involvement, including 7 (41.2%) of 17 patients after cystectomy. We identified 2 subgroups of patients. The subgroup with a better prognosis included 27 patients in whom late panurothelial disease developed step by step after a complete response to intravesical therapy, including 14 (51.8%) who were free of disease. The other subgroup with a poor prognosis included 8 patients with concurrent bladder carcinoma in situ and prostate involvement as well as early panurothelial disease, of whom only 2 (25%) were disease-free. All patients underwent many therapeutic approaches. A mean of 7.5 surgical procedures per patient were done, including a mean of 5.5 transurethral resections, a mean of 1 conservative approach to the upper urinary tract and a mean of 1.1 radical procedures. At a median followup of 111 months 10 patients (28.5%) were disease-free but only 7 (20%) retained the bladder, while 19 (54.3%) died of tumor.Patients with high risk superficial bladder multifocal tumors and associated bladder carcinoma in situ are at high risk for panurothelial involvement. Radical cystectomy may be recommended in these patients when initially or during followup, concurrent high risk superficial bladder tumors and prostate involvement develop or prostate involvement recurs. For the upper urinary tract conservative therapies may be advisable when noninfiltrating tumors are diagnosed even after cystectomy due to the high rate of bilateral new onset disease. When cystectomy is performed, extended excision of the upper urinary tract and pyelo-intestinal anastomosis may be considered.
Published: 2002

23. [Immunohistochemistry applied to urology]

Author: J, Rubio Briones, F, Algaba Arrea, S, Almenar, and E, Solsona Narbón
Subjects: Urologic Diseases, Humans, Immunohistochemistry
Published: 2000

24. Detección por PET de una tumoración primaria de vesícula biliar y adenopatía metastásica pericística

Author: J. Santos, C. Fuster, F. Ortega, C. Vázquez-Albadalejo, S. Almenar, and M.P. Cózar
Subjects: Gynecology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, business
Published: 2006
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25. The prostate involvement as prognostic factor in patients with superficial bladder tumors

Author: E, Solsona, I, Iborra, J V, Ricós, J L, Monrós, J L, Casanova, and S, Almenar
Subjects: Adult, Male, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Multivariate Analysis, Humans, Prostatic Neoplasms, Middle Aged, Prognosis, Carcinoma in Situ, Disease-Free Survival, Aged
Abstract: The prognostic value of prostate involvement in patients with superficial bladder cancer was analyzed.We studied 96 patients with prostate involvement. Taking progression-free survival rate as an end point, univariate and multivariate analyses were done.The presence or absence of bladder carcinoma in situ is related to poor and good prognoses, respectively (p0.001). Stromal invasion (p0.001) and pan-urothelial involvement (p = 0.03) were also identified as independent factors of poor prognosis.Patients with tumor limited to the mucosa can be treated conservatively. Cystoprostatectomy can be performed in patients with ductal involvement. The prognosis of patients with stromal invasion is poor despite radical treatment.
Published: 1995

26. Radial scar versus tubular carcinoma of the breast. A comparative study with quantitative techniques (morphometry, image- and flow cytometry)

Author: A, Ruiz-Saurí, S, Almenar-Medina, R C, Callaghan, J, Calderon, and A, Llombart-Bosch
Subjects: Diagnosis, Differential, Ploidies, Sclerosis, Humans, Breast Neoplasms, Female, Breast, DNA, Adenocarcinoma, Flow Cytometry
Abstract: The present study is focused on the differential diagnosis between radial scar (RS) and tubular carcinoma (TC) using morphometrical and cytophotometrical analysis (static and flow cytometry) of a number of histologically well-established RS cases (17 lesions) compared with 6 early infiltrating small TC with sclerotic stroma and pseudo-RS fields. One case displayed both RS and TC foci in contiguity. Mean nuclear area was larger in the group of tubular carcinomas (51.0 mu 2) than in the case of radial sclerosis (38.30 mu 2). We also found a larger number of aneuploid cases in tubular carcinomas measured by image cytometry, but both types of lesions were diploid when measured by flow cytometry; only one case of radial scar resulted aneuploid.
Published: 1995

27. [Bladder carcinosarcoma. Report of 2 cases]

Author: J V, Ricós Torrent, S, Almenar Medina, I, Iborra Juan, J, Casanova Ramón-Borja, J L, Monrós Lliso, R, Dumont Martínez, and E, Solsona Narbón
Subjects: Male, Carcinosarcoma, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms, Humans, Aged
Abstract: Two additional cases of this rare bladder tumor are described. The immunohistochemical analyses confirmed the histological diagnosis of this aggressive tumor type. The choice of treatment for the tumor and its metastasis is influenced by its rarity.
Published: 1993

28. Can Axillary Lymphadenectomy Be Avoided in any Case of Sentinel Node Metastasis?

Author: M. Sancho, M. Fliquete Peris, F. Llopis-Martínez, B. Merck, A. Bayón, C. Martínez-Carsí, M. J. Giménez-Climent, S. Almenar-Medina, N. Martínez Alzamora, A. Ruíz, and C. Vázquez-Albadalejo
Subjects: Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Sentinel node, Sentinel node metastasis, medicine.disease, Metastasis, Surgery, Breast cancer, Oncology, Axillary Lymphadenectomy, Biopsy, medicine, Lymphadenectomy, Radiology, business, Breast carcinoma
Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Axillary lymphadenectomy is the gold standard for sentinel node metastasis (SN). Metastasis rate of non – sentinel node (NSN) is related to tumor and SN metastasis sizes. In over 50% of cases of SN metastasis, the SN is the only node with neoplasm involvement. We have studied the variables that are known to influence most on SN metastasis (tumor size) and on NSN metastasis (size of the SN metastasis) with the aim to find out a subgroup of patients in whom axillary lymphadenectomy could be avoided despite of SN involvement.OBJECTIVE: To determine if lymphadenectomy is necessary in all patients with SN metastasis.MATERIAL AND METHOD: A sequential and prospectively maintained database was retrospectively searched, for patients staged with SN biopsy for breast carcinoma. We have reviewed 1285 consecutive breast cancer patients treated between December 1998 and April 2009, average age: 55 ± 12.5 years. SN localization was performed with isotopic (34%) or combined technique (66%). SN biopsy was associated to breast conserving technique in 79.8% of cases. The histopathologic study of SN consisted of serial sectioning, H&E and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining.Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Ill). Comparisons of NSN tumoral infiltration among groups (negative SN, isolated tumoral cells (ITC) and SN micrometastasis) related to tumoral size were assessed by univariate analysis with contingency tables and χ2 test. Multivariate analysis was performed using a binary logistic regression model.RESULTS: Identification rate was of 95.8%. SN metastasis was detected in 418 patients, axillary lymphadenectomy was the treatment in 384 cases. The SN was the only metastatic lymph node in 276 patients (71.9%), whereas more involved nodes were found in 108 patients (28.1%). On multivariate analysis, the variables independently associated to SN metastasis were: age (p=0.005), tumor size (p Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 1027.
Published: 2009
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29. In Reply

Author: J.V. Ricós, R. Dumont, I. Ibarra, S. Almenar, J.L. Monrós, and Eduardo Solsona
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Urology, Carcinoma in situ, medicine, In patient, medicine.disease, business
Published: 1996
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30. Anatomy, immunohistochemistry, and numerical distribution of human splenic microvessels.

Author: Almenar S, Rios-Navarro C, Ortega M, Molina P, Ferrandez-Izquierdo A, and Ruiz-Sauri A
Subjects: Actins immunology, Adapalene immunology, Antigens, CD34 immunology, Arterioles anatomy & histology, Arterioles chemistry, Autopsy, CD8 Antigens immunology, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Forensic Pathology, Humans, Immunoglobulins immunology, Immunohistochemistry, Mucoproteins immunology, Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 immunology, Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 1 immunology, Spleen anatomy & histology, Splenic Artery anatomy & histology, Splenic Artery chemistry, Microvessels anatomy & histology, Microvessels chemistry, Spleen blood supply
Abstract: The microvascular architecture of the spleen plays an important role in the immunological function of this organ. The different types of vessels are related to different reticular cells each with their own immunomodulatory functions. The present study describes an immunohistochemical and morphometric analysis of the various types of vessels in 21 human autopsy non-pathological splenic samples. On an area of 785,656.37 μm 2 for each sample, we classified and quantified the type and number of vascular structures, each according to their morphology and immunohistochemical profile, and obtained the ratios between them. The distribution of trabecular vessels and the characteristics of the venules are reviewed. In our material the so-called "cavernous perimarginal sinus" (anatomical structure previously described by Schmidt et al., 1988) was observed and interpreted as a curvilinear venule shaped by the follicle in contact with the trabecular vein. Our material comprised 261 trabeculae (containing 269 arterial sections and 508 venous sections), 30,621 CD34+ capillaries, 7739 CD271+ sheathed capillaries, 2588 CD169+ sheathed capillaries, and 31,124 CD8+ sinusoids. The total area (TA) (14,765,714.88 μm 2 ) occupied by the sinusoidal sections of the 21 cases was much higher than the TA of the capillary sections (1,700,269.83 μm 2 ). Similarly, the TA (651,985 μm 2 ) occupied by the sections of the trabecular veins was much higher than the TA of the trabecular arteries (88,594 μm 2 ). The total number of CD34+ capillaries and of sinusoids CD8+ was similar for the sum of the 21 cases, nevertheless there were large differences in each case. Statistically the hypothesis that the number of capillaries and sinusoids are present with the same frequency is discarded. In view of the absence of a numerical correlation between capillaries and sinusoids, we postulate that very possibly the arterial and the venous vascular trees are two anatomically independent structures separated by the splenic cords. We believe that this is the first work where splenic microvascularization is simultaneously approached from a morphometric and immunohistochemical point of view., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2019
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31. Morphometric characterization of the human portal and hepatic venous trees: A quantitative support to the liver micro-anatomic models free of subunits.

Author: Almenar-Medina S, Palomar-De Lucas B, Guerrero-Albors E, and Ruiz-Sauri A
Subjects: Autopsy, Humans, Models, Anatomic, Hepatic Veins anatomy & histology, Liver blood supply, Portal System anatomy & histology, Portal Vein anatomy & histology
Abstract: Conventional models of liver microanatomy assume the presence of subunits. Nevertheless, some researchers propose that the liver is a continuous structure, free of these subunits, but with a characteristic vascular pattern. The present study describes a morphometric analysis of portal and hepatic veins in 50 human autopsy non-pathological liver samples. The main objective was to measure three proportions: 1. portal tracts / hepatic veins, 2. distributing portal veins / distributing hepatic veins and 3. terminal portal veins / terminal hepatic veins. These ratios were compared with the traditional microcirculatory liver models. Our material comprised 3,665 portal veins and 3,761 hepatic veins. The minimum diameter of half of the venous vessels of both types belongs to the interval (25μm , 60μm), given that 1881 portal veins (49.434%) and 1924 hepatic veins (50.565%) fall within this interval. We have statistically shown with the χ² test (α=0.990) that the portal and hepatic veins belonging to the interval (25μm , 400μm) (distributing veins) had an identical proportion. If the portal and hepatic veins are arranged according to the principle of interdigitation of Takashasi (1970), there should be an almost identical number of both types of veins. Our results contradict the presumably numeric preponderance of distributing portal veins with regard to the distributing hepatic veins that is inherent in the models of Kiernan, Matsumoto and Rappaport.
Published: 2017
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32. Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor: a report of 3 new cases, 1 with sarcomatous myxofibrosarcoma component and another with unreported soft tissue palpebral location.

Author: Illueca C, Machado I, Cruz J, Almenar S, Noguera R, Navarro S, and Llombart-Bosch A
Subjects: Adult, Antigens, Neoplasm biosynthesis, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 genetics, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry methods, Middle Aged, Polyploidy, Fibroma genetics, Fibroma metabolism, Fibroma pathology, Hyalin metabolism, Sarcoma genetics, Sarcoma metabolism, Sarcoma pathology, Soft Tissue Neoplasms genetics, Soft Tissue Neoplasms metabolism, Soft Tissue Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: Pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) is an uncommon soft tissue tumor usually located in extremities or trunk. We report 3 new cases with histopathologic diagnosis of PHAT, one with recurrence and sarcomatous myxofibrosarcoma component and another with unreported soft tissue palpebral location. Clinical data, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and follow-up data are described. The histopathology showed a tumor with angiectatic blood vessel proliferation and perivascular hyaline material associated with focal pleomorphic cells. The recurrent tumor revealed a histopathologic pattern corresponding to a myxofibrosarcoma. Vimentin and CD99 were positive in tumor cells and CD34 was strongly positive in the tumor cells from the recurrence. Ki-67 was poor positive but with increased positivity in the recurrence. The positivity of p53 and chromosome 22 polysomy were detected in the recurrence. At present, the 3 patients are free of disease and no metastases have been detected. Indeed, the possibility that PHAT may represent a histopathologic pattern and not a true neoplastic entity with specific genetic alterations cannot be excluded at present, and further studies are required.
Published: 2012
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33. Uncommon vascular tumor of the ovary. Primary ovarian epithelioid hemangioendothelioma or vascular sarcomatous transformation in ovarian germ cell tumor?

Author: Illueca C, Machado I, García A, Covisa A, Morales J, Cruz J, Traves V, and Almenar S
Subjects: Adult, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid pathology, Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid surgery, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal diagnosis, Neoplasms, Germ Cell and Embryonal pathology, Ovarian Neoplasms pathology, Ovarian Neoplasms surgery, Sarcoma diagnosis, Sarcoma pathology, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Young Adult, Hemangioendothelioma, Epithelioid diagnosis, Ovarian Neoplasms diagnosis
Abstract: Epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) is an unusual vascular tumor, which usually occurs in the soft tissue, liver, breast, lung and bone. We submit a case of EHE, a tumor never before reported in the ovary. A 20-year-old woman was admitted with a medical history of unilateral ovarian tumor. The right ovary was totally removed and histologically, the tumor was composed of epithelioid cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and prominent intracytoplasmic vacuoles associated with myxohyaline matrix. No morphologic evidence of germ cell tumor was observed. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for CD31 and CD34. However, all germ cell tumor markers were negative. The final diagnosis was EHE of the ovarian gland and sarcomatous transformation in ovarian germ cell tumor was excluded after extensive histopathological and immunohistochemical study. EHE is an uncommon vascular tumor, which is rarely seen in female genital tract and this is the first report of EHE in ovarian gland. Final diagnosis depends on histopathological and immunohistochemical features.
Published: 2011
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34. Adjuvant docetaxel for high-risk, node-negative breast cancer.

Author: Martín M, Seguí MA, Antón A, Ruiz A, Ramos M, Adrover E, Aranda I, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Grosse R, Calvo L, Barnadas A, Isla D, Martinez del Prado P, Ruiz Borrego M, Zaluski J, Arcusa A, Muñoz M, López Vega JM, Mel JR, Munarriz B, Llorca C, Jara C, Alba E, Florián J, Li J, López García-Asenjo JA, Sáez A, Rios MJ, Almenar S, Peiró G, and Lluch A
Subjects: Adult, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Breast Neoplasms mortality, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Chemotherapy, Adjuvant, Cyclophosphamide administration & dosage, Docetaxel, Doxorubicin administration & dosage, Female, Fluorouracil administration & dosage, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Receptor, ErbB-2 analysis, Receptors, Estrogen analysis, Risk Factors, Taxoids adverse effects, Treatment Outcome, Young Adult, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Taxoids administration & dosage
Abstract: Background: A regimen of docetaxel, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (TAC) is superior to a regimen of fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) when used as adjuvant therapy in women with node-positive breast cancer. The value of taxanes in the treatment of node-negative disease has not been determined., Methods: We randomly assigned 1060 women with axillary-node-negative breast cancer and at least one high-risk factor for recurrence (according to the 1998 St. Gallen criteria) to treatment with TAC or FAC every 3 weeks for six cycles after surgery. The primary end point was disease-free survival after at least 5 years of follow-up. Secondary end points included overall survival and toxicity., Results: At a median follow-up of 77 months, the proportion of patients alive and disease-free was higher among the 539 women in the TAC group (87.8%) than among the 521 women in the FAC group (81.8%), representing a 32% reduction in the risk of recurrence with TAC (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.49 to 0.93; P=0.01 by the log-rank test). This benefit was consistent, regardless of hormone-receptor status, menopausal status, or number of high-risk factors. The difference in survival rates (TAC, 95.2%; FAC, 93.5%) was not significant (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.26); however, the number of events was small (TAC, 26; FAC, 34). Rates of grade 3 or 4 adverse events were 28.2% with TAC and 17.0% with FAC (P<0.001). Toxicity associated with TAC was diminished when primary prophylaxis with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was provided., Conclusions: As compared with adjuvant FAC, adjuvant TAC improved the rate of disease-free survival among women with high-risk, node-negative breast cancer. (Funded by GEICAM and Sanofi-Aventis; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00121992.).
Published: 2010
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35. CKS1B amplification is a frequent event in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma with aggressive clinical behaviour.

Author: Salgado R, Toll A, Alameda F, Baró T, Martín-Ezquerra G, Sanmartín O, Martorell-Calatayud A, Salido M, Almenar S, Solé F, Pujol RM, and Espinet B
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, CDC2-CDC28 Kinases, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Chromosome Aberrations, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Male, Middle Aged, Skin Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell genetics, Carrier Proteins genetics, Cyclin-Dependent Kinases genetics, Gene Amplification, Skin Neoplasms genetics
Abstract: Genetic mechanisms giving rise to the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) are poorly understood and development of genomic high resolution techniques has led to a better knowledge of the genetic basis of several human cancers. In this study, 16 cSCC were analyzed using array comparative genomic hybridization (arrayCGH). The most common aberrations found were gains of 3q11q13, 1q21.3q25, 13q34, and 19p13, and losses of 1p36p31, 3p24p21, 10p15q22, and 13q11q21. We detected gains (3/16) and amplification (1/16) of the 1q21.1q21.3 region. A potential candidate gene in this region, CKS1B (1q21.2), was selected for validation in an independent cohort and correlations with clinicopathological features were carried out. CKS1B gene and protein status were analyzed using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a series of 53 cSCC, 22 actinic keratoses (AK), and 10 normal skin samples. cSCC presented a higher frequency of chromosome 1 polysomy than AK (70% vs. 46%, P = 0.047). Association between CKS1B protein overexpression and both polysomy and amplification was demonstrated in cSCC (P < 0.001). Regarding amplifications, 11 cSCC patients (21%) presented CKS1B gene amplification. Interestingly, 8/11 (73%) patients who showed a CKS1B amplification had presented metastatic spread (mcSCC). Differences between the presence of CKS1B amplification and the presence or absence of mcSCC were observed (mcSCC [8/14] vs. cSCC [3/39]) (P < 0.001). Several drugs targeting CKS1B have been reported and may be useful for treating patients with cSCC and CKS1B amplifications., (© 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)
Published: 2010
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36. A polymorphism at the 3'-UTR region of the aromatase gene defines a subgroup of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with poor response to neoadjuvant letrozole.

Author: Garcia-Casado Z, Guerrero-Zotano A, Llombart-Cussac A, Calatrava A, Fernandez-Serra A, Ruiz-Simon A, Gavila J, Climent MA, Almenar S, Cervera-Deval J, Campos J, Albaladejo CV, Llombart-Bosch A, Guillem V, and Lopez-Guerrero JA
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Disease Progression, Female, Humans, Immunohistochemistry methods, Letrozole, Middle Aged, Postmenopause, Treatment Outcome, 3' Untranslated Regions, Aromatase genetics, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Neoadjuvant Therapy methods, Nitriles pharmacology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Triazoles pharmacology
Abstract: Background: Aromatase (CYP19A1) regulates estrogen biosynthesis. Polymorphisms in CYP19A1 have been related to the pathogenesis of breast cancer (BC). Inhibition of aromatase with letrozole constitutes the best option for treating estrogen-dependent BC in postmenopausal women. We evaluate a series of polymorphisms of CYP19A1 and their effect on response to neoadjuvant letrozole in early BC., Methods: We analyzed 95 consecutive postmenopausal women with stage II-III ER/PgR [+] BC treated with neoadjuvant letrozole. Response to treatment was measured by radiology at 4th month by World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Three polymorphisms of CYP19A1, one in exon 7 (rs700519) and two in the 3'-UTR region (rs10046 and rs4646) were evaluated on DNA obtained from peripheral blood., Results: Thirty-five women (36.8%) achieved a radiological response to letrozole. The histopathological and immunohistochemical parameters, including hormonal receptor status, were not associated with the response to letrozole. Only the genetic variants (AC/AA) of the rs4646 polymorphism were associated with poor response to letrozole (p = 0.03). Eighteen patients (18.9%) reported a progression of the disease. Those patients carrying the genetic variants (AC/AA) of rs4646 presented a lower progression-free survival than the patients homozygous for the reference variant (p = 0.0686). This effect was especially significant in the group of elderly patients not operated after letrozole induction (p = 0.009)., Conclusions: Our study reveals that the rs4646 polymorphism identifies a subgroup of stage II-III ER/PgR [+] BC patients with poor response to neoadjuvant letrozole and poor prognosis. Testing for the rs4646 polymorphism could be a useful tool in order to orientate the treatment in elderly BC patients.
Published: 2010
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37. [Problems in defining melanoma regression and prognostic implication].

Author: Requena C, Botella-Estrada R, Traves V, Nagore E, Almenar S, and Guillén C
Subjects: Fibrosis, Humans, Lymphatic Metastasis, Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating immunology, Melanoma blood supply, Melanoma immunology, Melanoma mortality, Melanoma secondary, Neovascularization, Pathologic etiology, Prognosis, Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy, Skin Neoplasms blood supply, Skin Neoplasms immunology, Skin Neoplasms mortality, Survival Analysis, Melanoma pathology, Skin Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: Between 10 % and 35 % of all melanomas show histological regression. That is, there is an area within the melanoma where the tumor retreats or disappears to be progressively replaced by fibrosis with presence of melanophages and variable degrees of inflammation, and neovascularization. Such regression is generally considered an indicator of poor prognosis in melanoma, although a number of studies contradict this affirmation. In this review, we summarize the leading articles about the influence of regression on melanoma prognosis. The results of these studies are very inconsistent, and so the prognostic significance of regression is somewhat controversial. We believe that some of these differences can be explained by differing criteria for regression and so we propose clear histological criteria to define early and sustained regression.
Published: 2009

38. [Microcystic adnexal carcinoma: Mohs micrographic surgery as the treatment of choice].

Author: Martorell-Calatayud A, Requena-Caballero C, Botella-Estrada R, Almenar-Medina S, Sanmartín-Jiménez O, Llombart-Cussac B, Nagore-Enguídanos E, Serra-Guillén C, Echeverría-García B, and Guillén-Barona C
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Carcinoma surgery, Facial Neoplasms surgery, Mohs Surgery, Skin Neoplasms surgery
Abstract: Introduction and Objectives: Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare and aggressive tumor that manifests clinically as a subcutaneous nodule located on the head or neck. The tumor can be confused clinically and histologically with other benign and malignant skin lesions, often leading to inappropriate initial treatment. The chief concern with microcystic adnexal carcinoma is the elevated morbidity and the high rate of recurrence after wide local excision. Recent preliminary studies point to higher cure rates with Mohs micrographic surgery., Material and Methods: We reviewed the medical histories of 6 consecutive patients with microcystic adnexal carcinoma who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery in our dermatology department between 1995 and 2007., Results: In all cases, lesions were located on the head and were primary tumors. Seventy percent of the tumors were wrongly diagnosed initially as basal cell carcinoma. Perineural invasion was not detected in any patient, and all were free of recurrence after between 1 and 12 years of postoperative follow-up., Conclusions: The absence of perineural involvement and substantial cell atypia can be attributed to the lesions being primary tumors. This would provide a rationale for definitive radical treatment of the primary tumor from the outset to avoid the complications associated with recurrence. The site and the absence of recurrence in all our patients who underwent Mohs micrographic surgery support the use of this technique as the treatment of choice in microcystic adnexal carcinoma.
Published: 2009

39. Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: clinical, pathological, and genetic (COL1A1-PDGFB ) study with therapeutic implications.

Author: Llombart B, Sanmartín O, López-Guerrero JA, Monteagudo C, Serra C, Requena C, Poveda A, Vistós JL, Almenar S, Llombart-Bosch A, and Guillén C
Subjects: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antineoplastic Agents therapeutic use, Base Sequence, Benzamides, Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain, DNA Primers genetics, Dermatofibrosarcoma therapy, Female, Gene Fusion, Humans, Imatinib Mesylate, Male, Middle Aged, Mohs Surgery, Piperazines therapeutic use, Pyrimidines therapeutic use, Skin Neoplasms therapy, Young Adult, Collagen Type I genetics, Dermatofibrosarcoma genetics, Dermatofibrosarcoma pathology, Genes, sis, Skin Neoplasms genetics, Skin Neoplasms pathology
Abstract: Aims: To analyse the presence of collagen type I alpha 1-platelet-derived growth factor beta (COL1A1-PDGFB) transcripts in 20 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) and to assess the relationship between COL1A1 breakpoints and clinical and histopathological variables., Methods and Results: Multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction was carried out using frozen tissue. Our series contained 14 men and six women. Histologically, most cases were of conventional type (n = 9), followed by fibrosarcoma (n = 4), Bednar tumour (n = 2), sclerosing (n = 2), myoid (n = 1) and atrophic (n = 1) DFSP, and giant cell fibroblastoma (n = 1). Immunohistochemistry revealed CD34 expression in 90% of cases. COL1A1-PDGFB fusion transcripts were present in 89% of cases (exons 18, 19, 20, 25, 26, 31, 33/34, 39, 40, 46, 47 and 48 of COL1A1 with exon 2 of PDGFB). There was no recurrence of DFSP in any of the 19 patients treated by Mohs surgery. A partial response was obtained in the two patients treated with imatinib., Conclusions: The COL1A1-PDGFB fusion was present in all histological subtypes of DFSP, but not all cases expressed the fusion transcript. No association was observed between different COL1A1 breakpoints and clinicopathological parameters. Imatinib mesylate can be useful in locally advanced tumours and metastases.
Published: 2009
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40. Randomized phase 3 trial of fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide alone or followed by Paclitaxel for early breast cancer.

Author: Martín M, Rodríguez-Lescure A, Ruiz A, Alba E, Calvo L, Ruiz-Borrego M, Munárriz B, Rodríguez CA, Crespo C, de Alava E, López García-Asenjo JA, Guitián MD, Almenar S, González-Palacios JF, Vera F, Palacios J, Ramos M, Gracia Marco JM, Lluch A, Alvarez I, Seguí MA, Mayordomo JI, Antón A, Baena JM, Plazaola A, Modolell A, Pelegrí A, Mel JR, Aranda E, Adrover E, Alvarez JV, García Puche JL, Sánchez-Rovira P, Gonzalez S, and López-Vega JM
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic adverse effects, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols administration & dosage, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols adverse effects, Breast Neoplasms chemistry, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast drug therapy, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast secondary, Carcinoma, Lobular drug therapy, Carcinoma, Lobular secondary, Cyclophosphamide administration & dosage, Disease-Free Survival, Drug Administration Schedule, Epirubicin administration & dosage, Female, Fluorouracil administration & dosage, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Infusions, Intravenous, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Paclitaxel administration & dosage, Paclitaxel adverse effects, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Receptor, ErbB-2 analysis, Receptors, Estrogen analysis, Receptors, Progesterone analysis, Treatment Outcome, Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic therapeutic use, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Breast Neoplasms drug therapy, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Paclitaxel therapeutic use
Abstract: Background: Taxanes are among the most active drugs for the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, and, as a consequence, they have also been studied in the adjuvant setting., Methods: After breast cancer surgery, women with lymph node-positive disease were randomly assigned to treatment with fluorouracil, epirubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FEC) or with FEC followed by weekly paclitaxel (FEC-P). The primary endpoint of study-5-year disease-free survival (DFS)-was assessed by Kaplan-Meier analysis. Secondary endpoints included overall survival and analysis of the prognostic and predictive value of clinical and molecular (hormone receptors by immunohistochemistry and HER2 by fluorescence in situ hybridization) markers. Associations and interactions were assessed with a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model for DFS for the following covariates: age, menopausal status, tumor size, lymph node status, type of chemotherapy, tumor size, positive lymph nodes, HER2 status, and hormone receptor status. All statistical tests were two-sided., Results: Among the 1246 eligible patients, estimated rates of DFS at 5 years were 78.5% in the FEC-P arm and 72.1% in the FEC arm (difference = 6.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.6% to 11.2%; P = .006). FEC-P treatment was associated with a 23% reduction in the risk of relapse compared with FEC treatment (146 relapses in the 614 patients in the FEC-P arm vs 193 relapses in the 632 patients in the FEC arm, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.62 to 0.95; P = .022) and a 22% reduction in the risk of death (73 and 95 deaths, respectively, HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.57 to 1.06; P = .110). Among the 928 patients for whom tumor samples were centrally analyzed, type of chemotherapy (FEC vs FEC-P) (P = .017), number of involved axillary lymph nodes (P < .001), tumor size (P = .020), hormone receptor status (P = .004), and HER2 status (P = .006) were all associated with DFS. We found no statistically significant interaction between HER2 status and paclitaxel treatment or between hormone receptor status and paclitaxel treatment., Conclusions: Among patients with operable breast cancer, FEC-P treatment statistically significantly reduced the risk of relapse compared with FEC as adjuvant therapy.
Published: 2008
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41. Low levels of WWOX protein immunoexpression correlate with tumour grade and a less favourable outcome in patients with urinary bladder tumours.

Author: Ramos D, Abba M, López-Guerrero JA, Rubio J, Solsona E, Almenar S, Llombart-Bosch A, and Aldaz CM
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell mortality, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell surgery, Cell Count, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Retrospective Studies, Spain epidemiology, Survival Rate, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms mortality, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms surgery, Urothelium metabolism, Urothelium pathology, WW Domain-Containing Oxidoreductase, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell metabolism, Oxidoreductases metabolism, Tumor Suppressor Proteins metabolism, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms metabolism
Abstract: Aims: To correlate the immunohistochemical detection of WWOX with histological measures and disease progression within the whole spectrum of urothelial bladder neoplasms., Methods and Results: One hundred and one patients with primary bladder tumours were retrospectively analysed. Immunohistochemically, a polyclonal antibody was utilized and the level of WWOX protein expression was analysed by using a combined score system based on intensity of the reaction and percentage of immunoreactive tumour cells. WWOX protein expression was consistently expressed in non-neoplastic urothelium, whereas a progressive loss of immunoreactivity was observed as tumour grade and stage increased (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed that reduced WWOX immunoexpression was significantly associated with high histological grades (P = 0.001), advanced stage (P = 0.002), tumour size (P = 0.04) and cancer progression (P = 0.028). Invasive urothelial carcinomas of the bladder with squamous metaplasia presented the lowest levels of WWOX protein. Kaplan-Meier analyses demonstrated a significant correlation between loss of WWOX expression and a shorter progression-free survival (P = 0.042), whereas the prediction of overall survival achieved borderline significance (P = 0.053)., Conclusion: Loss of WWOX immunoexpression strongly correlates with classical clinicopathological factors and appears to be a potential predictive marker of progressive disease.
Published: 2008
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42. Radiation-Induced Leiomyosarcoma after Breast Cancer Treatment and TRAM Flap Reconstruction.

Author: Olcina M, Merck B, Giménez-Climent MJ, Almenar S, Sancho-Merle MF, Llopis F, and Vázquez-Albadalejo C
Abstract: The development of a radiation-induced sarcoma (RIS) in the post mastectomy thoracic treatment volume is an infrequent, but recognized, event. Its frequency is rising in relation with increasing survival of breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant radiation therapy, and is associated with poor prognosis despite treatment. We present a case of leiomyosarcoma in a patient who underwent mastectomy followed by radiotherapy for invasive ductal carcinoma. A delayed TRAM flap reconstruction was performed 10 years after and a rapid growing mass under the reconstructed flap appeared, on routine follow-up, twenty years later. This report analyzes the diagnostic and therapeutic approach of patients with RIS.
Published: 2008
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43. Congenital fibrosarcoma simulating congenital hemangioma.

Author: Requena C, Miranda L, Cañete A, Almenar S, Nagore E, Llombart B, Sanmartín O, Botella R, and Guillén C
Subjects: Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols therapeutic use, Arm, Biopsy, Needle, Combined Modality Therapy, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Fibrosarcoma therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Infant, Newborn, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Treatment Outcome, Fibrosarcoma congenital, Fibrosarcoma pathology, Hemangioma congenital, Hemangioma pathology, Skin Neoplasms congenital, Skin Neoplasms pathology
Published: 2008
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44. Histological characterisation of small renal masses and incidence of silent renal masses.

Author: Almenar Medina S and Calatrava Fons A
Abstract: With the introduction of sonographic and CT examinations, the number of small renal masses detected has increased. Benign neoplastic lesions are usually smaller than 4 cm in size, whilst the most common types of renal cell carcinomas have a mean size greater than that, but we must not forget that a significant number of small masses are renal cell carcinomas; even though the rate of benign cases increases as the diameter of the lesions decreases, therefore, size itself cannot be used to rule out a diagnostic of malignancy and often image characteristics are not enough to predict the nature of the lesion with certainty. In this case, histological confirmation must be recommended. Ideally, the histological study must be conducted on the surgical specimen, even though biopsy can be an option in selected cases.
Published: 2008
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45. HER2 amplification in recurrent breast cancer following breast-conserving therapy correlates with distant metastasis and poor survival.

Author: López-Guerrero JA, Llombart-Cussac A, Noguera R, Navarro S, Pellin A, Almenar S, Vazquez-Alvadalejo C, and Llombart-Bosch A
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Female, Humans, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms surgery, Gene Amplification, Genes, erbB-2, Mastectomy, Segmental
Abstract: The authors analyzed the HER2 status in early-stage nonrecurrent and recurrent breast cancer groups following breast-conserving treatment. Retrospective analyses of a group of 36 invasive early breast cancer (IBC) patients who developed a local recurrence as a first event and of a random control group of 69 IBC patients were made. HER2 status was assessed by the HercepTest and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The Kaplan-Meier proportional log-rank test was used to study the impact of the biological factors on the metastasis-free interval (MFI) and the overall survival (OS). The Cox proportional hazards model, using stepwise selection was performed to identify the independent predictors of poor outcome. The median time of follow-up was 156 months (range: 22-230) for the nonrecurrent group of patients and 119 months (range: 36-228) for the recurrent group. No significant differences between either group were observed in terms of either patient or tumor characteristics, or of HER2 expression. However, a higher proportion of HER2 amplified cases were found in the recurrent group, in contrast to a higher proportion of hormonal receptor positive cases in the nonrecurrent group. After univariate and multivariate analyses, HER2 amplification was found to be an independent predictive factor for distant metastasis (HR = 10.75; p = 0.00008) and for survival (HR = 4.22; p = 0.004). In conclusion, HER2 amplification constitutes an independent poor prognostic factor for the MFI and OS in patients with recurrent breast cancer. The clinical implications are discussed.
Published: 2006
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46. Immunohistochemical expression of Ki-67 antigen, cox-2 and Bax/Bcl-2 in prostate cancer; prognostic value in biopsies and radical prostatectomy specimens.

Author: Rubio J, Ramos D, López-Guerrero JA, Iborra I, Collado A, Solsona E, Almenar S, and Llombart-Bosch A
Subjects: Aged, Biomarkers, Tumor metabolism, Disease Progression, Disease-Free Survival, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Male, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Prognosis, Prostatic Neoplasms metabolism, Retrospective Studies, Biopsy, Cyclooxygenase 2 metabolism, Ki-67 Antigen metabolism, Membrane Proteins metabolism, Prostatectomy, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnosis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 metabolism, bcl-2-Associated X Protein metabolism
Abstract: Purposes: To elucidate the prognostic value of the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of Bcl-2, Bax, Cox-2 and Ki-67 antigen in biopsy cores (C) and surgical specimens (SP) of prostate cancer (PC) and to determine the C to SP reproducibility., Material and Methods: The IHC study was carried out in 91 patients operated by means of radical prostatectomy (RP) with available formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material from both C and SP., Results: The IHC expression of Bcl-2 in C and SP was very low (5%). Bax was expressed in almost all the patients and did not show any prognostic value. We observed a good reproducibility between C and SP for all molecules except with Bax. In prostate C, Ki-67 and Cox-2 were considered positive in 42.9% and 67% of the patients respectively, and were related to disease-free survival in the univariate analysis. The expression of these two markers in SP was observed in 51.6% and 79.1% of the patients and the expression of Ki-67 in SP maintained its independence as prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis related to disease-free survival., Conclusions: The IHC expression of Ki-67 and Cox-2 proteins in our study do offer valuable prognostic information, mostly the first one. Thus, we think these markers might be studied in larger series of patients for its further validation as prognostic factors in prostate biopsies.
Published: 2005
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47. Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 20 cases of Merkel cell carcinoma in search of prognostic markers.

Author: Llombart B, Monteagudo C, López-Guerrero JA, Carda C, Jorda E, Sanmartín O, Almenar S, Molina I, Martín JM, and Llombart-Bosch A
Subjects: 12E7 Antigen, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigens, CD analysis, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell metabolism, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell ultrastructure, Cell Adhesion Molecules analysis, Chromogranin A, Chromogranins analysis, DNA-Binding Proteins analysis, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, Intermediate Filament Proteins analysis, Keratin-20, Ki-67 Antigen analysis, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Middle Aged, Multivariate Analysis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Neoplasm Staging, Nuclear Proteins analysis, Prognosis, Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1, Proto-Oncogene Proteins analysis, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit analysis, Survival Analysis, Synaptophysin analysis, Thyroid Nuclear Factor 1, Trans-Activators analysis, Transcription Factors analysis, Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 analysis, Biomarkers, Tumor analysis, Carcinoma, Merkel Cell pathology
Abstract: Aims: To evaluate the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical characteristics of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) in an attempt to find new, potentially significant, prognostic markers., Methods and Results: Clinical data and follow-up, histopathological features (pattern, cell size, thickness, mitoses, vascular invasion, lymphocytic infiltration) and immunohistochemical detection [CK20, thyroid transcription factor (TTF-1), chromogranin A, synaptophysin, p53, Ki67, Fli-1, CD99, c-Kit] were evaluated in 20 cases of MCC. Fli-1 and CD99 were detected in 90% and 55% of cases, respectively. Tumour size>30 mm, stage II, 'absent' lymphocytic infiltration, and the presence of>50% of Ki67+ tumour cells, were found to be prognostic indicators of disease-free interval (DFI), but only 'absent' lymphocytic infiltration constituted an independent prognostic factor of DFI after multivariate analysis. For overall survival, the same variables, together with local recurrence and lymph node involvement, had prognostic significance, with only local recurrence as an independent prognostic factor after multivariate analysis., Conclusions: Absence of lymphocytic infiltration and Ki67 immunoreactivity in more than 50% of tumour cells should be evaluated in conjunction with other well-known prognostic markers in MCC. Furthermore, recognizing that Fli-1 and CD99 expression is commonly found in MCC by immunohistochemistry may avoid misinterpretation in the differential diagnosis of MCC with other small round cell tumours.
Published: 2005
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48. The optimum timing of radical cystectomy for patients with recurrent high-risk superficial bladder tumour.

Author: Solsona E, Iborra I, Rubio J, Casanova J, and Almenar S
Subjects: Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell pathology, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell pathology, Disease-Free Survival, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local pathology, Risk Factors, Survival Analysis, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell surgery, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell surgery, Cystectomy methods, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local surgery, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms surgery
Abstract: Objective: To establish the optimum time of radical cystectomy (RC) for patients with recurrent high-risk superficial bladder tumours after the failure of intravesical therapy., Patients and Methods: Among 318 patients with transitional cell carcinoma treated with RC and with no neoadjuvant therapy, there were 46 with clinical stage Ta, T1 or Tis refractory to transurethral resection associated with intravesical therapy. These patients had at least one of: (i) high-risk superficial bladder tumours after failure of two consecutive induction courses of intravesical therapy; (ii) superficial bladder tumours with prostatic stromal invasion; (iii) superficial bladder tumours with mucosa/ducts involvement after failure of one course of intravesical therapy; (iv) uncontrolled superficial tumours with transurethral resection associated or not with intravesical therapy. Progression and cause-specific survival of these patients were compared to those with muscle-invasive tumours. Univariate and multivariate analyses of predictive factors for cause-specific survival were also used in patients with superficial tumours. The incidence of significant prognostic factors was compared in both superficial and muscle-invasive tumours, as were the progression pattern and survival., Results: The progression-free and cause-specific survival of patients with superficial tumours was 54% and 67%, respectively, with no significant difference from those with muscle-invasive tumours. In multivariate analysis, positive lymph-nodes and prostatic stromal invasion were significant and independent variables for survival. The incidence of positive lymph nodes was 15% vs 30% (P < 0.05) and of stromal invasion was 32% vs 1.5% (P < 0.001) in patients with superficial and muscle-invasive tumours, respectively. Accounting for the progression pattern in patients with superficial tumours, extravesical urothelial recurrence prevailed over local or distant recurrences (30% vs 15%), whereas in patients with muscle-invasive tumours the opposite occurred (5% vs 33%, respectively). The cause-specific survival of patients with superficial tumour and prostatic stromal invasion was one of three, and in those who developed extravesical urothelial recurrence was 28.5%., Conclusion: In patients with recurrent high-risk superficial bladder cancer after intravesical therapy, our criteria for RC were inappropriate, and patients had a survival rate similar to those with muscle-invasive tumours. RC might have been used too late, as there was a high incidence of prostatic stromal invasion and extravesical urothelial recurrence after RC. Both events seem to be responsible of the low cause-specific survival. Predictive factors for progression are needed to indicate early RC in patients with recurrent high-risk superficial tumours. From a previous analysis the pathological pattern of the clinical lack of response (T1, G3, bladder carcinoma in situ and prostate involvement) to intravesical therapy evaluated at 3 months might be important for predicting progression, and an early RC at that time might be useful.
Published: 2004
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49. Histological tumor grade correlates with HER2/c-erB-2 status in invasive breast cancer: a comparative analysis between immunohistochemical (CB11 clone and Herceptest), FISH and differential PCR procedures.

Author: López-Guerrero JA, Navarro S, Noguera R, Almenar S, Pellin A, Vázquez C, and Llombart-Bosch A
Subjects: Adult, Aged, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast genetics, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast metabolism, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast pathology, Carcinoma, Lobular genetics, Carcinoma, Lobular metabolism, Carcinoma, Lobular pathology, DNA, Neoplasm analysis, Gene Amplification, Genes, erbB-2, Humans, Immunohistochemistry, In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence, Middle Aged, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, Adenocarcinoma genetics, Adenocarcinoma metabolism, Adenocarcinoma pathology, Breast Neoplasms genetics, Breast Neoplasms metabolism, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Receptor, ErbB-2 biosynthesis
Abstract: There is a growing clinical demand for analysis of the HER2/c-erbB-2 (HER2) status of breast cancer specimens because it provides valuable prognostic, predictive and therapeutic information. In this sense, a variety of methods is available for detection of HER2 status, although to date a reliable and sensitive test does not exist. In order to choose the most suitable procedure to assess HER2 status, we analyzed 102 invasive breast cancers for HER2 overexpression by means of immunohistochemistry (IHC), with the CB11 Mo-Ab and the Hercep Test kit, and for HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hyubridization (FISH) and differential PCR (dPCR). HER2 overexpression, determined by CB11 (group C) and HercepTest (2+ and 3+), was observed in 19 samples (18.6%) whereas genetic amplification was detected in 31 (30.4%) and 14 (13.7%) cases by FISH and dPCR, respectively. The majority of overexpressed/amplified specimens corresponded to high grade tumors. We found concordances of 78-80% and 93-95% between IHC vs FISH and IHC vs dPCR, respectively. Considering FISH procedure as a gold standard, we found a sensitivity and specificity of 48.4% and 94.3% for CB11 antibody, of 45.2% and 92.9% for HercepTest, and of 45.2% and for 100% for the dPCR. Thus, considering the sensitivity, specificity and the high grade of concordance between IHC and dPCR, we suggest the use of IHC for assessing HER2 status. However, due that sensitivity of IHC test is lower than FISH, we also suggest to carry out FISH on those cass in which IHC results are not definitive for its clinical evaluation.
Published: 2003

50. Ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a comparative analysis of histology, nuclear area, ploidy, and neovascularization provides differentiation between low- and high-grade tumors.

Author: Ruiz A, Almenar S, Cerdá M, Hidalgo JJ, Puchades A, and Llombart-Bosch A
Subjects: Breast Neoplasms blood supply, Carcinoma in Situ blood supply, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast blood supply, Cell Nucleus pathology, DNA, Neoplasm genetics, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Ploidies, Breast Neoplasms pathology, Carcinoma in Situ pathology, Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast pathology
Abstract: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous group of lesions that has been subdivided into three types: well differentiated (grade I), moderately differentiated (grade II), and poorly differentiated (grade III). Forty-five cases of DCIS were analyzed for image analysis: nuclear area, DNA ploidy, and vascularization in order to establish a more precise correlation between the histologic grade and these morphometric parameters. Our results confirm that the mean nuclear area, DNA ploidy, and microvessel density (MVD) progressively increased from DCIS grade I to DCIS grade III. The analysis of the nuclear area in relationship to DCIS grading demonstrated a progressive increase of values between grades I/II to grade III, but these data have no statistical significance. An analysis of DNA ploidy demonstrated significant differences between grades I/III (p < 0.05), but there was no statistical significance between grades I/II, grades II/III, or both (p > 0.005). The analysis of MVD was extremely significant between grades I/III (p < 0.001) and grades II/III (p < 0.001), but between grades I/II, these values showed no significant differences (p > 0.05). Based on this study, it can be concluded that image analysis techniques confirm how DCIS presents morphometric values that increase from DCIS grade I to DCIS grade III and that within this spectrum, DCIS grade III can be identified as a group of tumors presenting a large nuclear area, aneuploid DNA, and abundant vascular neogenesis, confirming that this neoplasm displays more aggressive patterns than the other two types. These criteria should justify a higher rate of tumor progression to DCIS grade III.
Published: 2002
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