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1. Mediterranean cyclones are a substantial cause of damaging floods in Corsica

Author

Yihua Zhong, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Adrien Favillier, Juan Antonio Ballesteros Cánovas, Frédéric Huneau, Jiazhi Qie, and Markus Stoffel

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract Cyclones, whether tropical, extratropical, or of Mediterranean origin, play a crucial role in the Earth’s climate system, affecting environments and populations through strong winds, heavy rainfall, and flooding. While much research has focused on tropical and extratropical cyclones, Mediterranean cyclones have received less attention. These cyclones are generally weaker, smaller, and shorter-lived than their tropical or mid-latitude counterparts. However, recent events, such as Mediterranean cyclone Daniel in 2023, which caused severe flooding and thousands of deaths in Libya, underscore the major threat Mediterranean cyclones pose. In this study, we investigate the role of Mediterranean cyclones in triggering floods in Corsica, a region frequently affected by these storms. By analyzing cyclone tracks, streamflow data, and flood-related damage records from Corsica, we reveal a notable rise in river discharge linked to Mediterranean cyclones and show that they contributed to some of the most destructive floods recorded in Corsica between 1979 and 2020.

Published
2024
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2. A supply-limited torrent that does not feel the heat of climate change

Author

Jiazhi Qie, Adrien Favillier, Frédéric Liébault, Juan Antonio Ballesteros Cánovas, Jérôme Lopez-Saez, Sébastien Guillet, Loïc Francon, Yihua Zhong, Markus Stoffel, and Christophe Corona

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract Debris-flow activity in the Alps is anticipated to undergo pronounced changes in response to a warming climate. Yet, a fundamental challenge in comprehensively assessing changes in process activity is the systematic lack of long-term observational debris-flow records. Here, we reconstruct the longest, continuous time series (1626-2020) of debris flows at Multetta, a supply-limited torrential system in the Eastern Swiss Alps. Relying on growth-ring records of trees that were damaged by debris flows, we do not detect significant changes in the frequency or magnitude over time. This seeming absence of a direct climatic influence on debris-flow initiation aligns with the regular distribution of repose time patterns, indicating a dependence of local process activity on sediment discharge and recharge. This stark difference in process behavior between our supply-limited site and transport-limited catchments has implications for assessing torrential hazard and risk mitigation in a context of global warming.

Published
2024
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3. The IPCC’s reductive Common Era temperature history

Author

Jan Esper, Jason E. Smerdon, Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Kathryn Allen, Edward R. Cook, Rosanne D’Arrigo, Sébastien Guillet, Fredrik C. Ljungqvist, Frederick Reinig, Lea Schneider, Michael Sigl, Markus Stoffel, Mirek Trnka, Rob Wilson, and Ulf Büntgen

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Abstract Common Era temperature variability has been a prominent component in Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports over the last several decades and was twice featured in their Summary for Policymakers. A single reconstruction of mean Northern Hemisphere temperature variability was first highlighted in the 2001 Summary for Policymakers, despite other estimates that existed at the time. Subsequent reports assessed many large-scale temperature reconstructions, but the entirety of Common Era temperature history in the most recent Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change was restricted to a single estimate of mean annual global temperatures. We argue that this focus on a single reconstruction is an insufficient summary of our understanding of temperature variability over the Common Era. We provide a complementary perspective by offering an alternative assessment of the state of our understanding in high-resolution paleoclimatology for the Common Era and call for future reports to present a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of our knowledge about this important period of human and climate history.

Published
2024
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4. Corals Evidence an Underestimation of the 20th Century Warming in the Eastern Pacific Cold Tongue

Author

Tao Han, Hong Yan, Jianglin Wang, Markus Stoffel, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Xiaopei Lin, Huibin Xing, Qun Tian, Chengcheng Liu, John Dodson, and Kefu Yu

Subjects
Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

Abstract The trade winds cause strong upwelling in the eastern equatorial Pacific, and create the eastern Pacific Cold Tongue (EPCT) that has far‐reaching impacts on global climate. However, large discrepancies persist in quantifying 20th‐century EPCT sea surface temperature (SST) changes across different instrumental data sets. Here we synthesize four coral Sr/Ca‐SST records from the tropical central‐eastern Pacific to develop a Cold Tongue Index (CTI) reconstruction for 1887–1997. The coral CTI record shows a rapid 20th century warming of the EPCT, suggesting an underestimation of warming trends in instrumental CTI records. The decadal to multidecadal changes in reconstructed EPCT SST show an association with the Walker Circulation. Our reconstruction indicates that recent EPCT cooling during the global warming hiatus is not unusual in the context of the 20th century. Our results provide new evidence for 20th century EPCT SST changes and an observational constraint for predicting future tropical climate changes.

Published
2024
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5. Current Siberian heating is unprecedented during the past seven millennia

Author

Rashit M. Hantemirov, Christophe Corona, Sébastien Guillet, Stepan G. Shiyatov, Markus Stoffel, Timothy J. Osborn, Thomas M. Melvin, Ludmila A. Gorlanova, Vladimir V. Kukarskih, Alexander Y. Surkov, Georg von Arx, and Patrick Fonti

Subjects
Science
Abstract

A 7,638 yr summer temperature reconstruction based on subfossil trees buried in the Siberian Arctic shows that recent warming is unprecedented and interrupted a multi-millennial cooling trend.

Published
2022
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6. Eco-Physiological Response of Conifers from High-Latitude and -Altitude Eurasian Regions to Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions

Author

Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Marina V. Fonti, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Vladimir S. Myglan, Valentin V. Barinov, Irina V. Sviderskaya, Oksana V. Naumova, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Alexander V. Shashkin, Matthias Saurer, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Patrick Fonti, Irina P. Panyushkina, Ulf Büntgen, Malcolm K. Hughes, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Markus Stoffel, and Eugene A. Vaganov

Subjects
δ13c and δ18o in tree-ring cellulose, tree-ring width, maximum latewood density, cell wall thickness, air temperature, precipitation, sunshine duration, vapor pressure deficit, Biotechnology, TP248.13-248.65, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have had significant impacts on the radiation budget, atmospheric and surface temperatures, precipitation and regional weather patterns, resulting in global climatic changes. The changes associated with such eruptions most commonly result in cooling during several years after events. This study aimed to reveal eco-physiological response of larch trees from northeastern Yakutia (YAK), eastern Taimyr (TAY) and Altai (ALT) regions to climatic anomalies after major volcanic eruptions CE 535, 540, 1257, 1641, 1815 and 1991 using new multiple tree-ring parameters: tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cell wall thicknesses (CWT), δ13C and δ18O in tree-ring cellulose. This investigation showed that TRW, CWT, MXD and δ18O chronologies recorded temperature signal, while information about precipitation and vapor pressure deficit was captured by δ13C chronologies. Sunshine duration was well recorded in δ18O from YAK and ALT. Tree-ring parameters recorded cold, wet and cloudy summer anomalies during the 6th and 13th centuries. However, significant summer anomalies after Tambora (1815) and Pinatubo (1991) eruptions were not captured by any tree-ring parameters

Published
2020
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7. Electronic cigarette: use and perceptions among French military nurses in 2013

Author

Sébastien Guillet, Sébastien Sicard, Jean-Baptiste Meynard, and Aurélie Mayet

Subjects
armed forces, Harm reduction, Electronic cigarette, Healthcare worker, Tobacco., Medicine
Abstract

AIMS: Paramedical personnel are exposed to tobacco smoking. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) may be considered as a lower-risk substitute for cigarettes. The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette use, the motives for use and the perceptions among French military nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey, using self-administered questionnaires, was conducted in 2013 among 300 students and instructors of the French school of military paramedical personnel. Prevalences of e-cigarette use among smokers and nonsmokers were compared using logistic regressions adjusted on age and gender. RESULTS: The prevalence of smoking was 40% among the 200 responders. E-cigarette current use prevalence was 25% (6% daily users), without significant difference according to gender and age. Tobacco smokers reported significantly more e-cigarette current use (51% vs7%). Motives for e-cigarette use reported by smokers were curiosity (48%), intention to reduce tobacco consumption (43%) or to quit smoking (8%). Among users of both tobacco and e-cigarettes, 48% reported a significant decrease in tobacco consumption following e-cigarette initiation (average decrease of 5–10 cigarettes smoked per day; p

Published
2015
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8. 250 years of flood frequency and discharge in an ungauged Corsican mountain catchment: A dendrogeomorphic reconstruction

Author

Yihua Zhong, Adrien Favillier, Juan Antonio Ballesteros Cánovas, Jiazhi Qie, Alberto Muñoz-Torrero Manchado, Sébastien Guillet, Frederic Huneau, Christophe Corona, Markus Stoffel, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and China Scholarship Council

Subjects
Paleostage indicators, Environmental Engineering, Dendrogeomorphology, Environmental Chemistry, Hydraulic modeling, Peak discharge, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal, Tree position
Abstract

The primary goal of paleoflood hydrology is to estimate the frequency and magnitude of past floods. Botanical evidence, and particularly scars on trees, has been used repeatedly as paleostage indicators to reconstruct peak discharges and flood height. Yet, these reconstructions depend on the presence of visible scars on tree stems which tend to be masked as trees grow older. Here, we estimated flood magnitude using an alternative approach based on growth disturbances in tree-ring series, tree positions and the minimal discharge necessary to submerge the root collar of a tree as estimated by hydraulic modeling. We tested the reliability of this newly developed approach by using the traditional scar-based reconstruction as a benchmark. To this end, we sampled 60 trees showing evidence of flood damage on their stems along a 787-m long segment of the Asco river (Corsica, France). Based on 440 growth disturbances dated in tree-ring series, we reconstructed 28 floods between 1759 and 2020 and 18 during the 20th century. Using the two-dimensional Iber hydraulic model and detailed topographic data of the study site obtained from UAV imagery, we estimated that peak discharges of the 28 reconstructed events ranged between 10 and 210 m3s−1, with 200 m3s−1 being considered as the threshold for extreme floods. Not only do the scar-based and root collar submersion approaches yield similar results, findings are also clearly in line with the sparse information available from historical archives and short gauge station records on past floods. The unprecedented length and depth of the record presented here opens new avenues for climate change and flood impact research., Yihua Zhong was financed by a China Scholarship Council Ph.D. grant. Juan A. Ballesteros Cánovas was partially supported by the Spanish Research Council (EXTreeM project, PID2021-1245730A-100).

Published
2023

15. Historical Flood Reconstruction in a Torrential Alpine Catchment and its Implication for Flood Hazard Assessments: Saltina River, Brig-Glis, Swiss Alps

Author

Yihua Zhong, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, Adrien Favillier, Christophe Corona, Gregor Zenhäuserne, Alberto Muñoz-Torrero Manchado, Sébastien Guillet, Florie Giacona, Nicolas Eckert, Jiazhi Qie, Georges Tscherrig, and Markus Stoffel

Subjects
History, Polymers and Plastics, Business and International Management, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Published
2023
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19. Reports of the AAAI 2014 Conference Workshops.

Author

Stefano V. Albrecht, André da Motta Salles Barreto, Darius Braziunas, David L. Buckeridge, Heriberto Cuayáhuitl, Nina Dethlefs, Markus Endres, Amir-massoud Farahmand, Mark Fox, Lutz Frommberger, Sam Ganzfried, Yolanda Gil, Sébastien Guillet, Lawrence E. Hunter, Arnav Jhala, Kristian Kersting, George Dimitri Konidaris, Freddy Lécué, Sheila A. McIlraith, Sriraam Natarajan, Zeinab Noorian, David Poole 0001, Rémi Ronfard, Alessandro Saffiotti, Arash Shaban-Nejad, Biplav Srivastava, Gerald Tesauro, Rosario Uceda-Sosa, Guy Van den Broeck, Martijn van Otterlo, Byron C. Wallace, Paul Weng, Jenna Wiens, and Jie Zhang

Published
2015
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23. Climatic, weather and socio-economic conditions corresponding with the mid-17th century eruption cluster

Author

Markus Stoffel, Christophe Corona, Francis Ludlow, Michael Sigl, Heli Huhtamaa, Emmanuel Garnier, Samuli Helama, Sébastien Guillet, Arlene Crampsie, Katrin Kleemann, Chantal Camenisch, Joseph McConnell, and Chaochao Gao

Subjects
13. Climate action
Abstract

The mid-17th century is characterized by a cluster of explosive volcanic eruptions in the 1630s and 1640s, deteriorating climatic conditions culminating in the Maunder Minimum as well as political instability and famine in regions of Western and Northern Europe as well as China and Japan. This contribution investigates the sources of the eruptions of the 1630s and 1640s and their possible impact on contemporary climate using ice-core, tree-ring and historical evidence, but will also look into the socio-political context in which they occurred and the human responses they may have triggered. Three distinct sulfur peaks are found in the Greenland ice core record in 1637, 1641–42 and 1646. In Antarctica, only one unambiguous sulfate spike is recorded, peaking in 1642. The resulting bipolar sulfur peak in 1641–1642 can likely be ascribed to the eruption of Mount Parker (6° N, Philippines) on December 26, 1640, but sulfate emitted from Koma-ga-take (42° N, Japan) volcano on July 31, 1641, has potentially also contributed to the sulphate concentrations observed in Greenland at this time. The smaller peaks in 1637 and 1646 can be potentially attributed to the eruptions of Hekla (63° N, Iceland) and Shiveluch (56° N, Russia), respectively. To date, however, none of the candidate volcanoes for the mid-17th century sulphate peaks have been confirmed with tephra preserved in ice cores. Tree-ring and written sources point to severe and cold conditions in the late 1630s and early 1640s in various parts of Europe, and to poor harvests. Yet the early 17th century was also characterized by widespread warfare across Europe – and in particular the Thirty Years’ War (1618–1648), rendering any attribution of socio-economic crisis to volcanism challenging. In China and Japan, historical sources point to extreme droughts and famines starting in the late 1630s, and thus preceding the eruptions by some years. The case of the eruption cluster in the late 1630s and early 1640s and the climatic and societal conditions recorded in its aftermath thus offer a textbook example of difficulties in (i) unambiguously distinguishing volcanically induced cooling, wetting or drying from natural climate variability, and (ii) attributing political instability, harvest failure and famines solely to volcanic climatic impacts. This example shows that the impacts of past volcanism must always be studied within the contemporary socio-economic contexts, but that it is also time to most past reductive framings and sometimes reactionary oppositional stances in which climate (and environment more broadly) either is or is not deemed an important contributor to major historical events.

Published
2021

24. Current Siberian heating is unprecedented during the past seven millennia

Author

Rashit M, Hantemirov, Christophe, Corona, Sébastien, Guillet, Stepan G, Shiyatov, Markus, Stoffel, Timothy J, Osborn, Thomas M, Melvin, Ludmila A, Gorlanova, Vladimir V, Kukarskih, Alexander Y, Surkov, Georg, von Arx, and Patrick, Fonti

Subjects
Heating, Arctic Regions, Temperature, Humans, Seasons, Trees
Abstract

The Arctic is warming faster than any other region on Earth. Putting this rapid warming into perspective is challenging because instrumental records are often short or incomplete in polar regions and precisely-dated temperature proxies with high temporal resolution are largely lacking. Here, we provide this long-term perspective by reconstructing past summer temperature variability at Yamal Peninsula - a hotspot of recent warming - over the past 7638 years using annually resolved tree-ring records. We demonstrate that the recent anthropogenic warming interrupted a multi-millennial cooling trend. We find the industrial-era warming to be unprecedented in rate and to have elevated the summer temperature to levels above those reconstructed for the past seven millennia (in both 30-year mean and the frequency of extreme summers). This is undoubtedly of concern for the natural and human systems that are being impacted by climatic changes that lie outside the envelope of natural climatic variations for this region.

Published
2021

25. Centennial-scale process activity in a complex landslide body in the Qilian Mountains, northeast Tibetan Plateau, China

Author

Markus Stoffel, Eryuan Liang, Sébastien Guillet, Yong Zhang, and Xuemei Shao

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Rockfall, Precipitation, China, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, ddc:333.7-333.9, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Plateau, biology, Landslide, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Debris, Qilian Mountains, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Abnormal growth, Juniper, Physical geography, Tree ring, Scale (map), Geology
Abstract

Mass movements in China typically encompass landslides, rockfalls, and debris flows, and these processes affect almost 70% of all mountain areas of China. An improved understanding of geomorphic process dynamics and their drivers and process histories are important prerequisites for a proper assessment and a sustainable management of mountain hazards. Tree rings have on varied occasions proven to be a reliable tool for the acquisition of data on past mountain hazards. Here we present the first reconstruction of past landslide activity on a slope in the Qilian Mountains, northeast Tibetan Plateau, China. To this end, a total of 543 Qilian juniper (Sabina przewalskii Kom.) samples were selected from 239 trees growing on or next to a complex landslide body, with the aim to reconstruct past landslide histories at the site. The dataset of disturbed trees was complemented with 174 increment cores from 84 reference Qilian juniper trees growing on three adjacent, yet undisturbed sites. Based on the dating of the samples and the interpretation of growth disturbances (GD) in the tree-ring series of affected trees, we provide the first reconstruction of past landslides as retrieved from a dendrogeomorphic record covering more than a millennium (956–2011 CE). Results show that the first detectable GD occurred as early as in 1042 CE, followed by seven major landslide reccurrences in 1703, 1816, 1848, 1863, 1913, 1970, and 1982. Comparison between our landslide record and a dendroclimatic precipitation reconstruction points to the crucial role of major, longer-term wet precipitation anomalies on landslide occurrence.

Published
2019
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26. The Dendroclimatological Potential of Common Yew (Taxus baccata L.) from Southern Azerbaijan

Author

Vahid Farzaliyev, Farid Seyfullayev, Uday Kunwar Thapa, Sébastien Guillet, Scott St. George, and Markus Stoffel

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, Atmospheric Science, Caucasus, biology, Dendroclimatology, Paleontology, Geology, Forestry, biology.organism_classification, Winter temperature, Ring width, Geography, Hyrcanian forests, Taxus, Crossdating, Paleoclimatology, Dendrochronology, ddc:550, Physical geography
Abstract

Paleoclimate reconstructions from tree rings have so far been restricted to the western and northern Caucasus, and there have been no published tree-ring studies on any topic from the Republic of Azerbaijan in the eastern Caucasus. Here we report the first tree-ring study conducted in Azerbaijan and show that, in the southern part of the country, the common yew (Taxus baccata L.) has potential to provide annually-resolved paleoclimate information on temperature variability during winter. Dur- ing the summers of 2016 and 2017, we obtained single cores from 23 yews in the Hyrcanian forests of southern Azerbaijan, near the village of Hamarat (Lerik district). The oldest yew had an inner ring date of C.E. 1867, but most other trees at this location began growing in the early 20th Century. Growth at the Lerik site is primarily and positively influenced by winter temperatures and, to a lesser degree, precipitation during summer and early autumn. Future collections of tree-ring widths from T. baccata in Azerbaijan could fill important geographic and seasonal gaps in our current paleotemperature network, and also provide useful information regarding the pace and potential impacts of wintertime warming in this region.

Published
2021

27. The Eldgjá eruption: timing, long-range impacts and influence on the Christianisation of Iceland

Author

Markus Stoffel, Andy Orchard, Ulf Büntgen, Sébastien Guillet, Michael Sigl, Clive Oppenheimer, Timothy P. Newfield, Nicola Di Cosmo, Christophe Corona, Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology, Department of Geosciences, Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Avalanche Research WSL, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, History, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lava, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Article, ddc:550, Dendrochronology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, Global and Planetary Change, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Vulcanian eruption, Flood myth, Northern Hemisphere, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Conversion to Christianity, Physical geography, 0406 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience
Abstract

The Eldgjá lava flood is considered Iceland’s largest volcanic eruption of the Common Era. While it is well established that it occurred after the Settlement of Iceland (circa 874 CE), the date of this great event has remained uncertain. This has hampered investigation of the eruption’s impacts, if any, on climate and society. Here, we use high-temporal resolution glaciochemical records from Greenland to show that the eruption began in spring 939 CE and continued, at least episodically, until at least autumn 940 CE. Contemporary chronicles identify the spread of a remarkable haze in 939 CE, and tree ring-based reconstructions reveal pronounced northern hemisphere summer cooling in 940 CE, consistent with the eruption’s high yield of sulphur to the atmosphere. Consecutive severe winters and privations may also be associated with climatic effects of the volcanic aerosol veil. Iceland’s formal conversion to Christianity dates to 999/1000 CE, within two generations or so of the Eldgjá eruption. The end of the pagan pantheon is foretold in Iceland’s renowned medieval poem, Vǫluspá (‘the prophecy of the seeress’). Several lines of the poem describe dramatic eruptive activity and attendant meteorological effects in an allusion to the fiery terminus of the pagan gods. We suggest that they draw on first-hand experiences of the Eldgjá eruption and that this retrospection of harrowing volcanic events in the poem was intentional, with the purpose of stimulating Iceland’s Christianisation over the latter half of the tenth century. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10584-018-2171-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2018
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28. Neotropical Hypericum irazuense shrubs reveal recent ENSO variability in Costa Rican páramo

Author

Sébastien Guillet, Jaime Madrigal-González, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, Adolfo Quesada-Román, and Markus Stoffel

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Climate change, Context (language use), Plant Science, 01 natural sciences, Shrub, ddc:550, Ecosystem, Precipitation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, Wood anatomy, Ecology, ved/biology, STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODEL, Annual growth rings, Tropical dendrochronology, La Niña, Geography, Southern oscillation index, Boreal, Threatened species, CENTRAL AMERICA, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Climate-vegetation relations in alpine systems play a pivotal role in regulating hydrology and have thus become a research priority in a context of ongoing climate change. In this paper, we investigate how one of the most dominant shrub species in alpine páramo ecosystems of Central America, Hypericum irazuense, responds to changes in precipitation, temperature and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. To this end, we performed dendrochronological and wood-anatomical analyses on H. irazuense to determine the limiting climatic factors driving shrub growth, using a bootstrapped correlation and response function analysis. To validate our results further, we also applied Structural Equation Models (SEM), an approach commonly used in ecology, so as to check for climate-growth relations which consider the control of ENSO on growth through its influence on various climatic parameters. Results support a relation between climate and annual growth of H. irazuense and demonstrate that the latter is sensitive to precipitation and temperature during boreal winters. In addition, we observe a statistically significant correlation between annual growth and La Niña events. The presence of annual growth rings holds H. irazuense as one in only few neotropical species suited for dendrochronological studies. Results of this study could thus contribute to an improved understanding of how changing climatic conditions affect the fragile and threatened páramo ecosystem and the ensuing services it offers in the form of hydrology regulation over the next decades. Swiss Federal Commission for Scholarships/[ESKAS-Nr 2017.1072]//Suiza Ministerio de Ciencia, Technología and Comunicaciones de Costa Rica/[N°MICITT- PINN-CON-2-1-4-17-1-002]/MICITT/Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica/[OAICE-187-2017]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Geografía

Published
2020

29. Eco-Physiological Response of Conifers from High-Latitude and -Altitude Eurasian Regions to Stratospheric Volcanic Eruptions

Author

Markus Stoffel, Sébastien Guillet, Ulf Büntgen, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, Alexander V. Shashkin, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Patrick Fonti, Oksana V. Naumova, Christophe Corona, Irina V. Sviderskaya, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Eugene A. Vaganov, Vladimir S. Myglan, Malcolm K. Hughes, Matthias Saurer, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), V. V. Barinov, Marina V. Fonti, and Irina P. Panyushkina

Subjects
maximum latewood density, δ13c and δ18o in tree-ring cellulose, Vapour Pressure Deficit, lcsh:Biotechnology, precipitation, Atmospheric sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, cell wall thickness, Altitude, High latitude, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, ddc:550, Precipitation, lcsh:QH301-705.5, General Environmental Science, ddc:333.7-333.9, geography, tree-ring width, geography.geographical_feature_category, vapor pressure deficit, air temperature, Volcano, lcsh:Biology (General), Air temperature, sunshine duration, Sunshine duration, Environmental science, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Stratospheric volcanic eruptions have had significant impacts on the radiation budget, atmospheric and surface temperatures, precipitation and regional weather patterns, resulting in global climatic changes. The changes associated with such eruptions most commonly result in cooling during several years after events. This study aimed to reveal eco-physiological response of larch trees from northeastern Yakutia (YAK), eastern Taimyr (TAY) and Altai (ALT) regions to climatic anomalies after major volcanic eruptions CE 535, 540, 1257, 1641, 1815 and 1991 using new multiple tree-ring parameters: tree-ring width (TRW), maximum latewood density (MXD), cell wall thicknesses (CWT), δ13C and δ18O in tree-ring cellulose. This investigation showed that TRW, CWT, MXD and δ18O chronologies recorded temperature signal, while information about precipitation and vapor pressure deficit was captured by δ13C chronologies. Sunshine duration was well recorded in δ18O from YAK and ALT. Tree-ring parameters recorded cold, wet and cloudy summer anomalies during the 6th and 13th centuries. However, significant summer anomalies after Tambora (1815) and Pinatubo (1991) eruptions were not captured by any tree-ring parameters

Published
2020

30. Recent flood hazards in Kashmir put into context with millennium-long historical and tree-ring records

Author

Shabeer H. Alamgir, Akhtar Alam, Jose Maria Bodoque del Pozo, Juan Antonio Ballesteros-Cánovas, Ahmad Bashir, Sébastien Guillet, Mutayib Shah, Tasaduq Koul, Irfan Rashid, Simon Allen, Markus Stoffel, and M. Sultan Bhat

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Flood myth, Indus, Vulnerability, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Pollution, Floods, Watershed management, Disasters, Geography, ddc:550, Environmental Chemistry, Treaty, Resilience (network), Waste Management and Disposal, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology, Forecasting, Probability
Abstract

In September 2014, the Kashmir valley (north-west India) experienced a massive flood causing significant economic losses and fatalities. This disaster underlined the high vulnerability of the local population and raised questions regarding the resilience of Kashmiris to future floods. Although the magnitude of the 2014 flood has been considered unprecedented within the context of existing measurements, we argue that the short flow series may lead to spurious misinterpretation of the probability of such extreme events. Here we use a millennium-long record of past floods in Kashmir based on historical and tree-ring records to assess the probability of 2014-like flood events in the region. Our flood chronology (635 CE–nowadays) provides key insights into the recurrence of flood disasters and propels understanding of flood variability in this region over the last millennium, showing enhanced activity during the Little Ice Age. We find that high-impact floods have frequently disrupted the Kashmir valley in the past. Thus, the inclusion of historical records reveals large flood hazard levels in the region. The newly gained information also underlines the critical need to take immediate action in the region, so as to reduce the exposure of local populations and to increase their resilience, despite existing constraints in watershed management related to the Indus Water Treaty.

Published
2019

31. Supplementary material to 'Heterogeneous response of Siberian tree-ring and stable isotope proxies to the largest Common Era volcanic eruptions'

Author

Olga V. Churakova, Marina V. Fonti, Matthias Saurer, Sébastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Patrick Fonti, Vladimir S. Myglan, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, Oksana V. Naumova, Dmitriy V. Ovchinnikov, Alexander Shashkin, Irina Panyushkina, Ulf Büntgen, Malcolm K. Hughes, Eugene A. Vaganov, Rolf T. W. Siegwolf, and Markus Stoffel

Published
2018
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32. Spatio-temporal maps of past avalanche events derived from tree-ring analysis: A case study in the Zermatt valley (Valais, Switzerland)

Author

Adrien Favillier, Christophe Corona, Pauline Morel, Sébastien Guillet, Gregor Zenhäusern, Nicolas Eckert, Daniel Trappmann, Markus Stoffel, Jérôme Lopez-Saez, Jean-Luc Peiry, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Dendrolab.ch [Bern], Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern-University of Bern, Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), Forschungsinstitut zur Geschichte des Alpenraums (FGA), UMI 3189 CNRS-UCAD, Institut Forel (F.-A. Forel), Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Unité Mixte Internationale 'Environnement Santé Sociétés' (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-IDEX-0001,CAP 20-25,CAP 20-25(2016)

Subjects
Return period, ddc:333.7-333.9, 021110 strategic, defence & security studies, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Terrain, 02 engineering and technology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Snow, Mean frequency, 01 natural sciences, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Dendrochronology, ddc:550, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Interval (graph theory), Physical geography, Spatial extent, Geology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Interpolation
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Hydrosystèmes et risques naturels; International audience; Expected runout distances and related return periods are the most important parameters needed for zoning in terrain prone to snow avalanching. Hazard mapping procedures usually allocate areas of land to zones with a different degree of danger based on return periods estimated for given snow volumes in the starting zone or with statistical/dynamical models. On forested avalanche paths, dendrogeomorphology has a great potential to add critical input data to these calculations in terms of recurrence intervals or return periods. However, quite paradoxically, recurrence interval maps of snow avalanches have only rarely been retrieved from tree-ring analysis and mostly represent the inverse of the mean frequency of avalanches that could be retrieved locally rather than the return period. The purpose of this study therefore was to propose a consistent approach for treering based recurrence interval mapping of snow avalanche events. On the basis of 71 snow avalanches retrieved from 2570 GD growth disturbances identified in 307 larch trees from three avalanche paths located in the vicinity of Tasch (Canton of Valais, Swiss Alps), we first followed the classical approach used in dendrogeomorphology and derived recurrence interval maps through interpolation from recurrence intervals observed at the level of individual trees. We then applied an expert delineation of the spatial extent of past events based on the location of disturbed trees. Our results show that the second step improved representation of expected patterns of recurrence intervals that typically increase as one moves down the centerline of the avalanche path. Despite remaining limitations and uncertainties precluding from direct use of our maps for hazard mapping purpose, these results suggest that dendrogeomorphic time series of snow avalanches can yield valuable information for the assessment of recurrence intervals of avalanches on forested paths for which only very limited or no historical data exists, and that this data can be obtained independently from meteorological data or numerical modeling.

Published
2018
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33. Imprisoned in the Cretan mountains: How relict Zelkova abelicea (Ulmaceae) trees cope with Mediterranean climate

Author

Gregor Kozlowski, Christophe Corona, Laurence Fazan, Sébastien Guillet, Markus Stoffel, Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology, Department of Geosciences, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), and Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Endangered species, Dendroclimatology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Ulmaceae, ddc:550, Dendrochronology, Environmental Chemistry, Zelkova abelicea, Precipitation, Waste Management and Disposal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, biology, Ecology, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Geography, 13. Climate action, Woody plant
Abstract

We investigate the sensitivity of the relict, endemic Cretan tree species Zelkova abelicea (Lam.) Boiss. (Ulmaceae) to several climate variables (temperature, precipitation and drought). For this purpose, we establish the first centennial tree-ring chronology for the species, and the first ever tree-ring chronology for a broadleaved species on Crete. We demonstrate the strong sensitivity of Z. abelicea towards precipitation and drought in late spring to early summer and the absence of a significant response to abundant precipitation occurring during winter or early spring. Whereas the late spring sensitivity is strong and consistent through time, the species seems to be experiencing a loss of signal towards early summer conditions since the 1970s, interpreted as an earlier cessation of cambial activity due to the increase in summer drought conditions on Crete. However, despite a reduced vegetative period, no significant decrease in radial growth of Z. abelicea was observed in the tree-ring series for the last decades, thus highlighting the capacity of Z. abelicea to withstand changing environmental conditions.

Published
2017
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35. Designing smart homes dedicated to disabled people using modular Discrete Controller Synthesis

Author

Bruno Bouchard, Abdenour Bouzouane, and Sébastien Guillet

Subjects
Engineering, Ambient intelligence, business.industry, Fault tolerance, General Medicine, Modular design, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Home automation, Human–computer interaction, Management system, Redundancy (engineering), Smart environment, Cognitive decline, business, computer
Abstract

In the domain of smart homes dedicated to disabled people, especially cognitively impaired people, providing an adequate assistance to allow the users to carry out their activities of daily living is the main challenge tackled by many contributions. New assistive technologies based on the concept of Ambient Intelligence have been developed to alleviate the effects of cognitive decline, however, the reliability of such propositions is seldom discussed while the smart home environment — consisting of several electronic or mechanic components — is usually not reliable. Over time, components can fail, threatening to compromise the ability of implemented assistive technologies to maintain their services, thus endangering an already frail user. To deal with the problem of reliability and failure tolerance, redundancy and Quality of Service management systems can be implemented. However, correctly designing such systems is a difficult problem. To address this challenge, this paper presents a formal methodology to model fault tolerant smart homes assistive technologies. The contribution consists in representing a smart home as a controllable reactive program, on which the proposed methodology exploits the modular application of Discrete Controller Synthesis to automatically obtain the various parts of its fault tolerance management system.

Published
2014
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36. Climate response to the Samalas volcanic eruption in 1257 revealed by proxy records

Author

Christophe Corona, Jean-Louis Edouard, Pascal Dkengne Sielenou, Nicole Davi, Pablo Ortega, Brian H. Luckman, Olga V. Churakova (Sidorova), Valérie Daux, Clive Oppenheimer, Vladimir S. Myglan, Franck Lavigne, Martin Beniston, Sébastien Guillet, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Myriam Khodri, Nicolas Eckert, Markus Stoffel, Joel Guiot, Yong Zhang, Dendrolab.ch [Bern], Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern-University of Bern, Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), NCAS-Climate [Reading], Department of Meteorology [Reading], University of Reading (UOR)-University of Reading (UOR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Centre Camille Jullian - Histoire et archéologie de la Méditerranée et de l'Afrique du Nord de la protohistoire à la fin de l'Antiquité (CCJ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), WUHAN BOTANICAL GARDEN (WBG), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources, Department of Geography [London, Ontario], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Geography [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Oppenheimer, Clive [0000-0003-4506-7260], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 3705 Geology, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], INDONESIE, Eruption column, Volcanic explosivity index, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ice core, ddc:550, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, 13 Climate Action, geography, Vulcanian eruption, geography.geographical_feature_category, Northern Hemisphere, 37 Earth Sciences, Volcanology, 3709 Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, 3703 Geochemistry, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Climate model, Geology
Abstract

[Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [TR1_IRSTEA]RIVAGE; International audience; The eruption of Samalas in Indonesia in 1257 ranks among the largest sulfur-rich eruptions of the Common Era with sulfur deposition in ice cores reaching twice the volume of the Tambora eruption in 1815. Sedimentological analyses of deposits confirm the exceptional size of the event, which had both an eruption magnitude and a volcanic explosivity index of 7. During the Samalas eruption, more than 40 km 3 of dense magma was expelled and the eruption column is estimated to have reached altitudes of 43 km. However, the climatic response to the Samalas event is debated since climate model simulations generally predict a stronger and more prolonged surface air cooling of Northern Hemisphere summers than inferred from tree-ring-based temperature reconstructions. Here, we draw on historical archives, ice-core data and tree-ring records to reconstruct the spatial and temporal climate response to the Samalas eruption. We find that 1258 and 1259 experienced some of the coldest Northern Hemisphere summers of the past millennium. However, cooling across the Northern Hemisphere was spatially heterogeneous. Western Europe, Siberia and Japan experienced strong cooling, coinciding with warmer-than-average conditions over Alaska and northern Canada. We suggest that in North America, volcanic radiative forcing was modulated by a positive phase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Contemporary records attest to severe famines in England and Japan, but these began prior to the eruption. We conclude that the Samalas eruption aggravated existing crises, but did not trigger the famines.

Published
2017
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37. Comparing observed and hypothetical climates as a means of communicating to the public and policymakers: The case of European heatwaves

Author

Markus Stoffel, Sébastien Guillet, and Martin Beniston

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geography, Planning and Development, Northern Hemisphere, Climate change, Reduced intensity, ddc:500.2, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Hot days, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Climatology, ddc:550, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

The summer of 2015 in many parts of Europe was seen to break record hot temperatures, and was the second-hottest on record after the 2003 event. Here we use de-trended climate data since 1951 to assess the difference in peak temperatures and duration of hot summers had climate not warmed by over 1 °C at the scale of the Northern Hemisphere. The rise in mean European summer temperatures since the 1950s has certainly contributed to the intensity of European heatwaves (e.g., 2003, 2010, or 2015) compared to what they could have been in a more stationary climate. Here we show that the number of hot days in the de-trended record would have been reduced by 10–25% for the 30 °C threshold and by 25–50% for the 35 °C level. As a consequence, the severity of the impacts on natural and managed systems linked to extensive and prolonged heatwaves would have been far more limited. The simple statistical approaches presented in this study, that highlight the reduced intensity of heatwaves in a hypothetical “stationary climate”, can serve to raise awareness as to the need to limit future warming and help guide policy, for example in the implementation of the “+1.5 °C policy” recently negotiated at the COP-21 climate conference in Paris.

Published
2017

38. 500-yr. precipitation variability in Southern Taihang Mountains, China, and its linkages to ENSO and PDO

Author

Sébastien Guillet, Qinhua Tian, Markus Stoffel, and Yong Zhang

Subjects
ddc:333.7-333.9, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Atmospheric Science, Global and Planetary Change, Series (stratigraphy), 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, East Asian Winter Monsoon, Express Population Signal, Pacific Decadal Oscillation Index, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Precipitation Reconstruction, Pinus bungeana, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Climatology, Correlation analysis, ddc:550, Environmental science, Precipitation, China, Pacific decadal oscillation, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chronology
Abstract

An annually resolved and absolutely dated ring-width chronology spanning 657 yrs. is constructed with Whitebark pine (Pinus bungeana Zucc.) samples from the southern Taihang Mountains, Eastern China. On the basis of a significant correlation between the tree-ring width index and observed instrumental data, precipitation in current May is reconstructed for the region since AD 1510, with predictor variables accounting for 37.9 % of the variance in precipitation data. In agreement with other drought reconstructions, notable dry spells occur in the 1630s–1650s, 1680s–1700s, and 1770s–1800s, whereas wet periods prevail in the 1530s–1570s, 1840s–1870s, and 1950s-present. Wavelet analysis reveals clear 2–8, 20–40, and 80–130 yrs cycles at the 95 % confidence level for the reconstructed series over the past 500 yrs, suggesting possible linkages with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Correlation analysis between the tree-ring series, ENSO, and PDO index further demonstrates that precipitation is negatively correlated with PDO and ENSO in the long term.

Published
2017

39. Impacts of regional climatic fluctuations on radial growth of Siberian and Scots pine at Mukhrino mire (central-western Siberia)

Author

Markus Stoffel, Sébastien Guillet, Baptiste Calliari, Luca Bragazza, Christophe Corona, Johannes Edvardsson, F. guillaume Blanchet, Centre Michel de Boüard - Centre de recherches archéologiques et historiques anciennes et médiévales (CRAHAM), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Lund University [Lund], Laboratory of Dendrogeomorphology, Department of Geosciences, Laboratory of Soil Biology, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental Engineering, Peat, Peatland, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Growing season, Dendroclimatology, 01 natural sciences, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 3-month SPEI, Mire, ddc:550, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Bog, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, Hydrology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, PDSI, fungi, Scots pine, Ambientale, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Snow, Pollution, Pinus sibirica, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Physical geography, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Ring width (TRW) chronologies from Siberian (Pinus sibirica) and Scots (Pinus sylvestris) pine trees were sampled at Mukhrino - a large mire complex in central-western Siberia - to evaluate the impacts of hydroclimatic variability on tree growth over the last three centuries. For this purpose, we compared climate-growth correlation profiles from trees growing on peat soils with those growing on adjacent mineral soils. Tree growth at both peat and mineral soils was positively correlated to air temperature during the vegetation period. This finding can be explained by (i) the positive influence of temperature on plant physiological processes (i.e. growth control) during the growing season and (ii) the indirect impact of air temperatures on water table fluctuations. We observe also a strong link between TRW and the winter Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), especially in Siberian pine, reflecting the isolating effect of snow and limited freezing damage in roots. Significant negative relations were, by contrast, observed between bog TRW chronologies and hydroclimatic indices during spring and summer; they are considered an expression of the negative impacts of high water levels and moist peat soils on root development. Some unusually old bog pines - exhibiting >500 growth rings - apparently colonized the site at the beginning of the Little Ice Age, and therefore seem to confirm that (i) peat conditions may have been drier in Siberia than in most other regions of western Europe during this period. At the same time, the bog trees also point to (ii) their strong dependence on surface conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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40. Safe and Automatic Addition of Fault Tolerance for Smart Homes Dedicated to People with Disabilities

Author

Abdenour Bouzouane, Bruno Bouchard, and Sébastien Guillet

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, 05 social sciences, Control (management), 020207 software engineering, Context (language use), Fault tolerance, 02 engineering and technology, Computer security, computer.software_genre, Formal synthesis, Home automation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, business, Design methods, Software engineering, computer, 050107 human factors
Abstract

In this chapter, we discuss a project of the LIARA laboratory that introduces a methodology to design and control smart homes dedicated to people with disabilities. In this context, this project aims at improving the security of the environment through a design methodology involving formal synthesis techniques.

Published
2016
Full Text
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42. An MDE Approach for Rapid Prototyping and Implementation of Dynamic Reconfigurable Systems

Author

Guy Gogniat, Jean-Philippe Diguet, Sébastien Guillet, Florent de Lamotte, Gilberto Ochoa-Ruiz, Eric Rutten, El-Bay Bourennane, Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance ( Lab-STICC ), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest ( ENIB ) -Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université européenne de Bretagne ( UEB ) -ENSTA Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Control techniques for Autonomic, adaptive and Reconfigurable Computing systems ( CTRL-A ), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ) -Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique ( Inria ), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image ( Le2i ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR FAMOUS,ANR FAMOUS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Control techniques for Autonomic, adaptive and Reconfigurable Computing systems (CTRL-A), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire Electronique, Informatique et Image [UMR6306] (Le2i), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Ochoa-Ruiz, Gilberto, Blanc - - FAMOUS2009 - ANR-09-BLAN-0346 - Blanc - VALID, Control for Autonomic computing systems (CTRL-A), Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Arts et Métiers (ENSAM), HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-09-BLAN-0346,FAMOUS(2009), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, and HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
IP Reuse, Computer science, IP-XACT, 02 engineering and technology, Discrete Controller Synthesis, 020204 information systems, VHDL, Partial Reconfiguration, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, CAD, [ INFO.INFO-ES ] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Field-programmable gate array, FPGA, computer.programming_language, business.industry, System Generation, Control reconfiguration, computer.file_format, Computer Graphics and Computer-Aided Design, Automation, UML MARTE, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Computer Science Applications, [INFO.INFO-ES] Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Model Driven Engineering, Embedded system, [INFO.INFO-ES]Computer Science [cs]/Embedded Systems, Executable, Model-driven architecture, business, computer
Abstract

This article presents a co-design methodology based on RecoMARTE, an extension to the well-known UML MARTE profile, which is used for the specification and automatic generation of Dynamic and Partially Reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip (DRSoC). This endeavor is part of a larger framework in which Model-Driven Engineering (MDE) techniques are extensively used for modeling and via model transformations, generating executable models, which are exploited by implementation tools to create reconfigurable systems. More specifically, the methodological aspects presented in this article are concerned with expediting the conception and implementation of the hardware platform and the integration of correct by construction reconfiguration controller. This article builds upon previous research by integrating previously separated endeavors to obtain a complete PR system generation chain, which aims at shielding the designer of many of the burdensome technological and tool-specific requirements. The methodology permits for the verification of the platform description at different stages in the development process (i.e., HDL for simulation, static FPGA implementation, controller simulation and verification). Furthermore, automation capabilities embedded in the flow enable the generation of the platform description and the integration of the reconfiguration controller executive seamlessly. In order to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach, we present a case study in which we target the creation of an image-processing application to be deployed onto an FPGA board. We present the required modeling strategies and we discuss how the generation chains are integrated with the back-end Xilinx tools (the most mature version of PR technology) to produce the necessary executable artifacts: VHDL for the platform description and a C description of the reconfiguration controller to be executed by an embedded processor.

Published
2015

43. Estimates of volcanic-induced cooling in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 1,500 years

Author

Virginie Poulain, Clive Oppenheimer, Christophe Corona, Myriam Khodri, Sébastien Guillet, Slimane Bekki, Martin Beniston, Brian H. Luckman, Joel Guiot, Nicolas Lebas, Valérie Masson-Delmotte, Markus Stoffel, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géographie Physique et Environnementale (GEOLAB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), STRATO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans - UMR7327 (ISTO), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CDF), Collège de France (CdF), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dendrolab.ch [Bern], Institute of Geological Sciences [Bern], University of Bern-University of Bern, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Processus de la variabilité climatique tropicale et impacts (PARVATI), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes continentaux et risques environnementaux (ECCOREV), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Geography [London, Ontario], University of Western Ontario (UWO), Department of Geography [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société (IR SHS UNILIM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Atmospheric cooling, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Climate, Volcanism, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Volcanic activity, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, ddc:333.7-333.9, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-AO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics [physics.ao-ph], [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Microphysics, Northern Hemisphere, Radiative forcing, Aerosol, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Climatology, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Climate model, Geology
Abstract

International audience; Explosive volcanism can alter global climate, and hence trigger economic, political and demographic change1, 2. The climatic impact of the largest volcanic events has been assessed in numerous modelling studies and tree-ring-based hemispheric temperature reconstructions3, 4, 5, 6. However, volcanic surface cooling derived from climate model simulations is systematically much stronger than the cooling seen in tree-ring-based proxies, suggesting that the proxies underestimate cooling7, 8; and/or the modelled forcing is unrealistically high9. Here, we present summer temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere from tree-ring width and maximum latewood density over the past 1,500 years. We also simulate the climate effects of two large eruptions, in AD 1257 and 1815, using a climate model that accounts explicitly for self-limiting aerosol microphysical processes3, 10. Our tree-ring reconstructions show greater cooling than reconstructions with lower spatial coverage and based on tree-ring width alone, whereas our simulations show less cooling than previous simulations relying on poorly constrained eruption seasons and excluding nonlinear aerosol microphysics. Our tree-ring reconstructions and climate simulations are in agreement, with a mean Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical summer cooling over land of 0.8 to 1.3 °C for these eruptions. This reconciliation of proxy and model evidence paves the way to improved assessment of the role of both past and future volcanism in climate forcing.

Published
2015
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44. Reports on the 2015 AAAI Workshop Program

Author

Yu Zheng, Matteo Leonetti, Thorsten Koch, Marlos C. Machado, J. Christopher Beck, Yuri Malitsky, Eric Eaton, Manuela Veloso, C. Lee Giles, Jie Zhang, Francesca Rossi, Can Wang, Sébastien Guillet, Marius Lindauer, Sebastiaan Meijer, Adi Botea, Frank Hutter, David L. Buckeridge, Cornelia Caragea, Sam Ganzfried, Stefano V. Albrecht, Theodoros Damoulas, Bistra Dilkina, Chi Hung Chi, Pooyan Fazli, Arash Shaban-Nejad, Robert C. Holte, Toby Walsh, Sylvie Thiébaux, and Gary Marcus

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Big data, Perfect information, Computational sustainability, Actor modeling, GeneralLiterature_MISCELLANEOUS, World Wide Web, symbols.namesake, Artificial Intelligence, Analytics, Turing test, symbols, Robot, Smart environment, business
Abstract

AAAI's 2015 Workshop Program was held Sunday and Monday, January 25-26, 2015, at the Hyatt Regency Austin Hotel in Austin, Texas, USA. The AAAI-15 workshop program included 16 workshops covering a wide range of topics in artificial intelligence. Most workshops were held on a single day. The titles of the workshops included Algorithm Configuration; Artificial Intelligence and Ethics; Artificial Intelligence Applied to Assistive Technologies and Smart Environments; Artificial Intelligence for Cities; Artificial Intelligence for Transportation: Advice, Inter-activity, and Actor Modeling; Beyond the Turing Test; Computational Sustainability; Computer Poker and Imperfect Information; Incentive and Trust in E-Communities; Knowledge, Skill, and Behavior Transfer in Autonomous Robots; Learning for General Competency in Video Games; Multiagent Interaction without Prior Coordination; Planning, Search, and Optimization; Scholarly Big Data: AI Perspectives, Challenges, and Ideas; Trajectory-Based Behaviour Analytics; and World Wide Web and Public Health Intelligence.

Published
2015

45. Ensuring safe prevention and reaction in smart home systems dedicated to people becoming disabled

Author

Bruno Bouchard, Abdenour Bouzouane, and Sébastien Guillet

Subjects
Engineering, Home automation, business.industry, Control theory, Embedded system, Control (management), Verification problem, business
Abstract

Smart homes dedicated to people with disabilities, specially those with dementia, are critical systems which need to remain safe and adapted to the user. However the control part of such systems — ensuring their safety — is both difficult to design and verify without appropriate tools. Formal techniques have been used to cope with the verification problem, but this paper proposes a new way to specify smart home safety which also eases the design aspect. It enables the use of a correct by construction technique — Discrete Controller Synthesis — to automatically build from constraints a maximally permissive safety controller that can also reconfigure itself as the disabilities of the associated user evolve.

Published
2014
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46. Modeling and formal control of reconfiguration -- Application to dynamically reconfigurable embedded systems

Author

Sébastien, Guillet, Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud, Guy GOGNIAT(guy.gogniat@univ-ubs.fr), ANR-FAMOUS, and Guillet, Sébastien

Subjects
méthode formelle, [INFO.INFO-SE] Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], boucle de rétro-action, synchronous language, langage synchrone, reactive system, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], MARTE, Synthèse de Contrôleur Discret, UML, Discrete Controller Synthesis, Model Driven Engineering, BZR, Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles, système réactif, formal method, feedback loop
Abstract

This thesis deals with the study of reconfiguration control modeling in dynamic systems, especially dynamically and partially reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip. The work presented in this manuscript aims to carry out a design-by-constraints methodology, applicable to the specification of these systems. Relying on Model Driven Engineering, this methodology - based on UML/MARTE - is provided with appropriated transformations, enabling it to target a synchronous representation, in the BZR language, dedicated to the control part. This representation is in turn operated through a correct-by-construction technique - discrete controller synthesis -, which aims to automatically and safely obtain control laws corresponding to the previously specified constraints. The control part is divided into two aspects: safety, formally obtained through synthesis and providing accessible configuration space, and optimisation, implementable by the designer and providing a reconfiguration order considering an accessible configuration space. The proposed incorporation of safety and optimisation is comparable to a reactive system using a feedback loop. An example showing the methodology is presented, illustrating its benefits on both the design simplification (designing by constraints, automated approach) and security levels (formal control)., Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de la modélisation du contrôle de la reconfiguration dans les systèmes dynamiques, plus particulièrement les systèmes sur puce dynamiquement et partiellement reconfigurables. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit visent à réaliser une méthodologie de conception par contrainte du contrôle, applicable dans le cadre de la spécification de ces systèmes. Reposant sur le principe d'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles, cette méthodologie - basée sur UML/MARTE - est dotée de transformations appropriées, lui permettant de cibler une représentation synchrone, en langage BZR, de la partie contrôle. Cette représentation est ensuite exploitable par une technique correcte par construction - la synthèse de contrôleur discret -, dans le but d'obtenir automatiquement et de manière sûre les lois de commande correspondant aux contraintes spécifiées en amont. La partie contrôle est plus particulièrement divisée en deux aspects : la sécurité, obtenue formellement par synthèse afin de produire des espaces de configurations accessibles, et l'optimisation, implémentable par le concepteur et produisant un ordre de reconfiguration à partir d'un espace accessible. L'intégration sécurité/optimisation proposée est assimilable à un système réactif avec boucle de rétroaction. Un exemple démontrant la méthodologie est réalisé, et fait apparaître ses avantages tant en terme de simplification de conception (spécification par contraintes, approche automatique) qu'en terme de sécurité (contrôle formel).

Published
2012

47. Modélisation et contrôle formel de la reconfiguration -- Application aux systèmes embarqués dynamiquement reconfigurables

Author

Sébastien, Guillet, Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bretagne Sud, Guy GOGNIAT(guy.gogniat@univ-ubs.fr), and ANR-FAMOUS

Subjects
méthode formelle, boucle de rétro-action, synchronous language, langage synchrone, reactive system, [INFO.INFO-SE]Computer Science [cs]/Software Engineering [cs.SE], MARTE, Synthèse de Contrôleur Discret, UML, Discrete Controller Synthesis, Model Driven Engineering, BZR, Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles, système réactif, formal method, feedback loop
Abstract

This thesis deals with the study of reconfiguration control modeling in dynamic systems, especially dynamically and partially reconfigurable Systems-on-Chip. The work presented in this manuscript aims to carry out a design-by-constraints methodology, applicable to the specification of these systems. Relying on Model Driven Engineering, this methodology - based on UML/MARTE - is provided with appropriated transformations, enabling it to target a synchronous representation, in the BZR language, dedicated to the control part. This representation is in turn operated through a correct-by-construction technique - discrete controller synthesis -, which aims to automatically and safely obtain control laws corresponding to the previously specified constraints. The control part is divided into two aspects: safety, formally obtained through synthesis and providing accessible configuration space, and optimisation, implementable by the designer and providing a reconfiguration order considering an accessible configuration space. The proposed incorporation of safety and optimisation is comparable to a reactive system using a feedback loop. An example showing the methodology is presented, illustrating its benefits on both the design simplification (designing by constraints, automated approach) and security levels (formal control).; Cette thèse a pour objet l'étude de la modélisation du contrôle de la reconfiguration dans les systèmes dynamiques, plus particulièrement les systèmes sur puce dynamiquement et partiellement reconfigurables. Les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit visent à réaliser une méthodologie de conception par contrainte du contrôle, applicable dans le cadre de la spécification de ces systèmes. Reposant sur le principe d'Ingénierie Dirigée par les Modèles, cette méthodologie - basée sur UML/MARTE - est dotée de transformations appropriées, lui permettant de cibler une représentation synchrone, en langage BZR, de la partie contrôle. Cette représentation est ensuite exploitable par une technique correcte par construction - la synthèse de contrôleur discret -, dans le but d'obtenir automatiquement et de manière sûre les lois de commande correspondant aux contraintes spécifiées en amont. La partie contrôle est plus particulièrement divisée en deux aspects : la sécurité, obtenue formellement par synthèse afin de produire des espaces de configurations accessibles, et l'optimisation, implémentable par le concepteur et produisant un ordre de reconfiguration à partir d'un espace accessible. L'intégration sécurité/optimisation proposée est assimilable à un système réactif avec boucle de rétroaction. Un exemple démontrant la méthodologie est réalisé, et fait apparaître ses avantages tant en terme de simplification de conception (spécification par contraintes, approche automatique) qu'en terme de sécurité (contrôle formel).

Published
2012

48. Designing formal reconfiguration control using UML/MARTE

Author

Nicolas Le Griguer, Sébastien Guillet, Eric Rutten, Guy Gogniat, Jean-Philippe Diguet, and Florent de Lamotte

Subjects
MicroBlaze, business.industry, Computer science, Control reconfiguration, Applications of UML, Set (abstract data type), Unified Modeling Language, Control theory, Embedded system, System on a chip, Model-driven architecture, business, computer, computer.programming_language
Abstract

This paper presents the first framework to design and synthesize a formal controller managing dynamic reconfiguration, using a Model Driven Engineering methodology base on an extension of UML/MARTE. The implementation technique highlights the combination of hard configuration constraints using weights (control part) — ensured statically and fulfilled by the managed system at runtime — and soft constraints (decision part) which, given a set of correct and accessible configurations, choose one of them. An application model of an image processing application is presented, then transformed and synthesized to be executed on a Xilinx platform to show how the controller, executed on a Microblaze, manages the hardware reconfigurations.1

Published
2012
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49. Modeling and formal control of partial dynamic reconfiguration

Author

Jean-Philippe Diguet, Sébastien Guillet, Guy Gogniat, Florent de Lamotte, Eric Rutten, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), System architecture for reflective distributed computing environments (SARDES), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble (LIG), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_CS, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre Mendès France - Grenoble 2 (UPMF)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Formal control, business.industry, Computer science, Control reconfiguration, 02 engineering and technology, 020202 computer hardware & architecture, Automaton, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Logic synthesis, Unified Modeling Language, Control theory, Embedded system, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, System on a chip, Field-programmable gate array, business, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, computer.programming_language
Abstract

This paper introduces an approach for the safe design and modeling of dynamically reconfigurable FPGA based Systems-on-Chip. This approach is carried out in a design framework, Gaspard2, dedicated to high-performance embedded systems modeling using the OMG standard profile UML/MARTE. Information employed by the reconfiguration mechanism is identified to be extracted from MARTE models in order to synthesize a controller using a formal technique which significantly simplifies the correct design of reconfiguration control. This methodology is then demonstrated in a case study.

Published
2010

50. Modélisation et contrôle de la reconfiguration dynamique et partielle

Author

Sébastien Guillet, Florent Frizon de Lamotte, Guy GOGNIAT, Jean-Philippe Diguet, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (UMR 3192) (Lab-STICC), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_MOCS, Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lab-STICC_UBS_CACS_CS, and Frizon De Lamotte, Florent

Subjects
[SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

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