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Objective: This study identified influences on college students' intentions to assist peers with chronic medical conditions. Participants: A panel of 293 U.S. full-time college students completed online surveys in July, 2017. Methods: Participants reported the number of people they knew with chronic medical conditions, and completed measures of general empathy, stigma toward chronic conditions, self-efficacy to provide support, and expected likelihood of assisting a peer with a chronic medical condition. Path Analysis and mediation tests were performed. Results: Low stigma, and high confidence in providing support were directly associated with intentions to assist student peers if needed. Empathy and number of people known with chronic conditions were additional indirect predictors. Conclusions: Peer support is important for students with chronic medical conditions. Intention to provide assistance if needed is partially explained by holding low stigma and high confidence in providing support, both of which may be enhanced through education and intervention.

Intergenerational poverty and scarce financial resources can create and sustain detrimental behaviors and outcomes among adolescents. Efforts to increase financial literacy and job-related skills, however, can offer youth from low-income households knowledge, skills, and opportunities otherwise unavailable to them. Targeted interventions that combine financial literacy and job-readiness components may help adolescents disrupt the cycle of intergenerational poverty by increasing economic awareness, adaptive financial behaviors, and work-related skills. Drawing on career construction and asset theory, the present study examined changes in financial knowledge and labor skills among youth from low-income households (N = 111) over the course of their participation in the Road to Success curriculum as well as how changes varied across demographic characteristics of participants. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, t-test analyses, and MANCOVA. Results indicated several improvements from Wave 1 to Wave 2 as students developed job-readiness and financial literacy knowledge. Potential educational and policy implications are discussed.

Photoemission orbital tomography provides direct access from laboratory measurements to the real-space molecular orbitals of well-ordered organic semiconductor layers. Specifically, the application of phase retrieval algorithms to photon-energy- and angle-resolved photoemission data enables the direct reconstruction of full 3D molecular orbitals without the need for simulations using density functional theory or the like. However, until now this procedure has remained challenging due to the need for densely-sampled, well-calibrated 3D photoemission patterns. Here, we present an iterative projection algorithm that completely eliminates this challenge: for the benchmark case of the pentacene frontier orbitals, we demonstrate the reconstruction of the full orbital based on a dataset containing only four simulated photoemission momentum measurements. We discuss the algorithm performance, sampling requirements with respect to the photon energy, optimal measurement strategies, and the accuracy of orbital images that can be achieved.

Objective: To evaluate how family functioning, family contributions to college expenses, and access to mentors are associated with college student's self-reported health and flourishing, and to test for moderation by family structure. Participants: Undergraduate college students (N = 238) recruited through an email list-serve at a large midwestern state university. Methods: Participants completed an online survey (distributed through Qualtrics) in February 2020. Data were analyzed using linear regression (in SPSS 28) and simple slope analyses. Results: College students' access to mentors is associated with their self-reported health, and family structure moderates the association between family strengths and self-reported health. Family functioning and access to mentors are both associated with college students' flourishing. Conclusions: College students' health and flourishing may benefit from access to mentors and functional family dynamics. Though students from post-divorce families see fewer benefits from family strengths compared to peers in nuclear biological families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated adolescents' (N = 213) decision finding processes and affective reactions to interactions on social media via 29 focus groups. As part of a larger study, adolescents participated in focus groups at two time-points across an academic year while participating in a school-based intervention promoting healthy romantic, interpersonal, and family relationships, job readiness, and financial literacy. Qualitative analyses indicated adolescents' experiences and decisions on social media platforms were informed by their awareness of audiences, namely who they thought would view their posts and anticipated responses from "friends," "family members," "fans," "creeps," and "potential employers." Comprehensive school-based interventions may serve to effectively develop responsibility more broadly, as well as a specific awareness about online risks and behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Divorce education programs seek to provide parents with information about various aspects of the divorce process, its consequences, and strategies for successful adjustment. Within those broad content areas, however, there are myriad of potential promotive‐, protective‐, and risk‐factors that programs could address. Thus, divorce education programs could benefit from further guidance about the content areas divorcing parents may find the most helpful. In the present study we aimed to describe what divorced parents felt had helped their families throughout the divorce process. We did so to promote further alignment between divorce education program content and what parents have found helpful. Specifically, we identified a typology of helpful post‐divorce family assets. Our findings suggest that though a plurality of divorcing parents benefit from a wide range of legal/professional, former spouse, and personal assets, the majority rely predominately upon their own parenting skills and resources, or perceive few beneficial assets to draw on. We contend divorce educators should consider incorporating further information on developing personal parenting skills or resources, and skillfully navigating legal or therapeutic systems, to further complement existing curricula. Key Points for the Family Court Community: Divorce education programs could benefit from further understanding of what divorced parents find helpful as they navigate family transitions.We identified three patterns of helpful assets: (1) Everything Helps (37.6% of sample); (2) Nothing Helps (34.2%); and (3) I Help Myself (28.2%).Across groups, the assets most likely to be seen as helpful were within parents' own control (e.g., their own parenting skills). Divorce education programs should consider expanding their focus on these individually controlled assets and skillfully navigating the legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives There are a growing number of early-phase (i.e. Stage I, NIH Stage Model) interventions targeted at family care dyads navigating chronic health conditions in older adults. Currently, the benefits of these interventions are often evaluated for older adults and their family care partners separately, even when controlling for interdependence. Without understanding the benefits (and potential harms) for dyads as a whole, understanding of program impact is incomplete. Moreover, few health behavior interventions involving dyads include relational measures to ensure no unintended consequences for the dyad or account for within-dyad pretest risk level. Research Design and Methods We used secondary data from a quasi-experimental trial involving 39 couples in which 1 member of the dyad was living with Parkinson's disease as an exemplar demonstration of 3 proposed approaches: an above-zero approach, a pretest risk status approach, and an expanded pattern analysis matrix approach. Results Approaches provided evidence for dyadic benefits of the intervention compared to the wait-list comparison condition, but carried different assumptions that did not always categorize dyads similarly. Discussion and Implications Implications of using each approach and selecting different benchmarks for defining success are discussed. The descriptive approaches proposed, provide a rationale for more intentional evaluation of small-sample, early-phase dyadic interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For children in the United States, family instability following parental relationship dissolution is common and efforts to promote effective post‐divorce co‐parenting arrangements have grown substantially in recent decades. To help families navigate transitions through the divorce process, most states require divorcing parents to complete divorce education programming. In the present study we used pre‐post data from three divorce education programs (n = 1026 parents) to explore programmatic effects on self‐reported adjustment, intentions to co‐parent, and likelihood to relitigate, and attempt to determine mechanisms that may account for or explain those programmatic effects. Overall, we found support that these programs are able to impact perceived adjustment and co‐parenting intentions. Specifically, we documented small, but significant, increases in perceived adjustment and that post‐program adjustment was associated with greater intentions to engage in supportive co‐parenting with former spouses. Further, co‐parenting intentions were shaped by how useful parents found the programs with greater perceived utility being associated with more positive co‐parenting intentions. The relitigation outcomes, however, were not associated with post‐program adjustment or perceived program utility. Instead, they were primarily associated with pre‐program experiences such as the quality of co‐parenting prior to the program and whether an order of protection was present between co‐parents. Key Points for the Family Court Community: Though divorce education programs have numerous and varying goals, most programs share similar targeted metrics around intentions to cooperatively co‐parent and decrease the need for parents to relitigate, underlining why these metrics should be assessed in evaluation work.Perceived utility of a divorce education program can be instructive in understanding how well parents are supported by these programs. Parents with lower perceived adjustment before entering the program typically perceive programs have greater utility.Participants that perceive utility in the divorce education program they take are more likely to intend to co‐parent cooperatively, than those that do not find utility in their program.Intentions to relitigate do not seem tied to perceptions of adjustment or utility of the programs, but rather on pre‐existing contextual factors like the presence of intimate partner violence and the existing nature of the co‐parenting relationship. This finding lends to the body of literature suggesting the potential benefit for tailored programming and screening prior to placement in divorce education programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guided by family communication patterns theory and terror management theory this mixed-methods investigation explored how parents (N = 112) of young children (ages 3–6) described the way they would discuss death when it comes up in conversations. Responses were coded inductively, resulting in four themes: explanations that death is inevitable, explanations that death is in the distance, the use of religion to frame discussions of death, and finally, discussing afterlife connections to deceased family members. Logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate whether parents' conformity or conversation orientations were associated with the frequency with which parents discussed death with their child and the content of parent vignette responses. Quantitative analysis revealed parents' conversation orientations were associated with the frequency with which they discussed death with their child and conformity orientations were associated with parents' use of religion and discussing afterlife connections to deceased family members in their responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This pilot study assessed an electronic health diary method designed to collect data about critical health incidents experienced by college students who have chronic health conditions. Participants: Nine university students with chronic medical conditions were recruited to complete a series of e-mail-based surveys, sent once every 3 days across the fall 2014 semester. Methods: In each survey, participants described a health-related incident that occurred within the past day and cited resources that helped or could have helped in that situation. They completed follow-up interviews and ranked the importance of cited resources. Results: The diary completion rate was 78.3% (141/180). Most frequently affected management areas were activities (61.3%), monitoring (34.9%), and problem-solving (34.3%). Resources considered helpful included situational knowledge, campus health professionals, peer support, and relaxation opportunities. Conclusions: Prompted health incidents diary method achieved a high completion rate and provided data that could be useful for college health researchers and practitioners.

For human head magnetic resonance imaging at 10.5 tesla (T), we built an 8-channel transceiver dipole antenna array and evaluated the influence of coaxial feed cables. The influence of coaxial feed cables was evaluated in simulation and compared against a physically constructed array in terms of transmit magnetic field (B1+) and specific absorption rate (SAR) efficiency. A substantial drop (23.1% in simulation and 20.7% in experiment) in B1+ efficiency was observed with a tight coaxial feed cable setup. For the investigation of the feed location, the center-fed dipole antenna array was compared to two 8-channel end-fed arrays: monopole and sleeve antenna arrays. The simulation results with a phantom indicate that these arrays achieved ~24% higher SAR efficiency compared to the dipole antenna array. For a human head model, we observed 30.8% lower SAR efficiency with the 8-channel monopole antenna array compared to the phantom. Importantly, our simulation with the human model indicates that the sleeve antenna arrays can achieve 23.8% and 21% higher SAR efficiency compared to the dipole and monopole antenna arrays, respectively. Finally, we obtained high-resolution human cadaver images at 10.5 T with the 8-channel sleeve antenna array.