155,757 results on '"Rural Population"'
Search Results
2. Perceived Mental Health among Identified Talented and Nonidentified Students from Indian Villages, Towns, and Cities during the COVID-19 Pandemic
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Anyesha Mishra, Anurag Dey, and Paromita Roy
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The present study investigates the perception of experience of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among young adults (18-22 years of age) from different locales in India during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 1,020 participants (603 males and 417 females) with 470 identified talented students (ITS) and 550 nonidentified students (NiS) from Indian villages, towns, and cities. multivariate analysis of variance and ordinal logistic regression analysis were carried out to understand the differences between the various subcategories and the probability of having high negative emotional states among those groups. Results point toward varying levels of DAS depending on whether they were ITS or NiS, whether male or female, and whether they came from Indian villages, towns, or cities. Both similarities and dissimilarities with other studies were observed, and the results provide insights into the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of young adults in India. The importance of developing psychological support systems for all students is implicated in the findings of the study.
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- 2024
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3. Tracing More than a Century of Distance Learning in Aotearoa New Zealand Schools: From Correspondence to Virtual Networks
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Michael Barbour and Derek Wenmoth
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This invited article provides a comprehensive overview of the history and development of distance learning in Aotearoa New Zealand's school sector over the past century. It begins with a discussion of creating a common language to describe distance learning. The article then transitions to its main focus on the history of distance learning--tracing the evolution from The Correspondence School's establishment in 1922 to serve rural students, through technological advancements that include radio, television, and online learning. Key milestones are highlighted, such as the formation of early e-learning clusters, the Virtual Learning Network, and urban-based "school loops". The transformation of The Correspondence School into Te Aho o Te Kura Pounamu and its adoption of digital technologies are discussed. The article also covers government initiatives, consultations, and legislative changes aimed at supporting and regulating distance learning, including the short-lived concept of Communities of Online Learning. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on distance learning is addressed. Throughout, the article emphasises ongoing challenges of sustainability, equity, and quality in distance education, as well as continuing efforts to adapt to technological changes and meet diverse student needs in Aotearoa New Zealand's education system.
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- 2023
4. Depictions of Rural & Appalachian Culture(s) in Comics & Graphic Novels
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Jason D. DeHart
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In this article, a native of Appalachia who has worked in secondary and post-secondary literacy education examines the ways that comics depict life in the region. Particular attention is given to the exploration of the paranormal found in the work of Brian Level, and Level serves as a first-hand voice in this researched work. Additionally, the author explores comics that focus the Appalachian region in terms of masculinity, roles of women, and domestic life, alongside other social norms. In sum, the author wishes to push back on limited and problematic visions of the region, and to comment on the ways in which Appalachian life is rich, diverse, and profligate with literacy practices. The strength of female characters, mysticism in the region, and dialectical distinctions all emerge as patterns from the author's reading across visual literature, and the beauty of the region finds representation as well as juxtaposition with imagery in counterpoint through comics work.
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- 2023
5. Solving Word Problems Involving Triangles by Transitional Engineering Students: Learning Outcomes and Implications
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Guo, William
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Transitional engineering students are those who are academically ineligible to enter a bachelor's engineering program but are enrolled in an associate engineering program with a university. Successful completion of such an associate engineering program allows the higher achievers to transfer to a full bachelor's engineering program. The associate engineering program is taken commonly by self-employed tradesmen, technical workers, and young apprentices in regional, rural, and remote (RRR) areas. The foundation engineering mathematics course in the associate engineering program, particularly knowledge and skills in solving word problems involving triangles, plays a key role for the smooth transition of these students to the engineering disciplinary courses. However, there is little we have known about the performances of the transitional engineering students in solving problems involving triangles as the associate engineering programs are not among the mainstream of undergraduate programs. This study analyzed the 27 transitional engineering students' performances in solving word problems involving triangles assigned to the students in the foundation mathematics course at a regional Australian university and found that the RRR transitional engineering students demonstrated a higher level of study ethics and achievement in solving word problems involving triangles, compared with the RRR student mathematics teachers. This seems mainly due to the professional experiences in delivering real-world projects prior to the start of their mathematics learning. Further research should be expanded to more areas of mathematics to gauge the overall performances of the transitional engineering students in mathematics learning and progression.
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- 2023
6. Exploring the College Enrollment of Students from Rural Areas: Considerations for Scholarly Practitioners
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Cain, Elise J. and Class, Samantha
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Rural students graduate high school at a rate comparable to their urban and suburban peers; however, people from rural areas attend college at the lowest rate. Due to this discrepancy and the ever-growing importance of postsecondary education, this article summarizes and synthesizes works on the college enrollment of students from rural areas. The article begins with background information on the benefits of postsecondary education, definitions of rurality, the educational attainment of rural people, as well as institutional type and attendance patterns of rural students. Next, using Bronfenbrenner's ecological model of human development as a guiding framework, literature about the individual, family, and school factors associated with the college enrollment of rural people is reviewed. Based upon these discussions, recommendations for educational practices are explored, providing ways to promote the postsecondary enrollment of people from rural areas. These sections are then summarized within one table as a quick guide and resource for student affairs and higher education scholarly practitioners. Recommendations for educational research are also included towards the end of the article.
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- 2023
7. Parental Involvement in Children's Primary Education: A Case Study from a Rural District in Malawi
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Erlendsdóttir, Guðlaug, Macdonald, M. Allyson, Jónsdóttir, Svanborg R., and Mtika, Peter
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In the study reported on here, we analysed parents' involvement in their children's primary education in 4 primary schools in rural Malawi, focusing on the home and the school. Through interviews and focus-group discussions, information was obtained from 19 parents, 24 teachers (6 from each school), and 4 head teachers. Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory was used to design the study and to interpret the data, focusing mainly on the micro- and mesosystem elements. The home and school settings represent the autonomous microsystem, whereas parental involvement is part of the mesosystem. The microsystem appeared to be active both with learner-parent and learner-teacher actions; however, mesosystemic interactions were limited. We found that parents and teachers needed to develop stronger mutual relationships and interactions to support learners better. Schools also need to communicate positive aspects of children's learning to the parents. Enhancing positive reinforcement could enhance parental involvement.
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- 2022
8. 'It Felt Like a Little Community': Supporting Rural Appalachian College Students
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Gibbons, Melinda M., Cain, Leia K., Gantt, Henrietta, Riley, Kertesha, Hanley, Covington, Hardin, Erin E., and McCollum, Timara
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Students from rural Appalachian regions often face increased career development barriers within university spaces. As part of an NSF-funded program, we provided diverse, structured supports for a group of STEM majors from rural Appalachian backgrounds. We utilized narrative inquiry to interview 10 Program participants, which allowed us to explore which supports they described as impactful, including graduate student mentors, their fellow program peers, program coordinators, campus supports, and other various campus faculty. Participants further described being impacted in a variety of ways: as an individual person, in their research pursuits, in their future plans, academically, and financially through the program's scholarship. Specifically, they described strategies for success and the importance of belonging as impactful. Implications for future college support programming and for how to best support the career development of rural Appalachian college students, along with suggestions for future research needs and limitations to the research, are provided.
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- 2023
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9. Micro-Credentials for Social Mobility in Rural Postsecondary Communities: A Landscape Report
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Digital Promise, Tinsley, Brian, Cacicio, Sarah, Shah, Zohal, Parker, Daniel, Younge, Odelia, and Luke Luna, Christina
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This landscape report explores the impact of earning micro-credentials on the social mobility of rural learners. Through four in-depth case studies, we show how earning micro-credentials may lead to credential attainment, workforce entry, promotions, and/or economic improvements (e.g., salary increase, prioritizing learners impacted by poverty), particularly for Black, Latino, and Indigenous populations, as well as women. All of the initiatives emphasize the need for strong regional partnerships across educational sectors and deeper efforts to engage communities of color to lead to greater impact. Preliminary research indicates that micro-credentials can--and in some cases, do--lead to job promotions, higher wages, and an increase in self-confidence for rural learners.
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- 2022
10. Delivery of VET: Emerging Trends in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) (Australia), Hume, Sheila, and Griffin, Tabatha
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This interactive publication contributes to the growing body of work investigating online and blended training delivery in vocational education and training (VET). It presents the delivery mode of subject-level enrolments in VET for 2019 (pre-pandemic), 2020 and 2021. The aim is to examine whether, and how, training delivery has changed during the pandemic. In addition to overall subject-level enrolment figures, the publication presents delivery mode by jurisdiction, funding source, training provider type, Australian Qualifications Framework (AQF) level and student remoteness. Previous National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) research explored the increased use of online training delivery during 2020 in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, and highlighted key findings from a survey of registered training organisations (RTOs). This survey indicated that more than 61% of RTOs would be more likely to deliver training via blended delivery modes in the future. The data relating to subjects delivered using blended delivery (that is, online in combination with another delivery mode) examined in this publication largely reflect the proposed training delivery approaches of these RTOs. The intended, and actual, increase in the use of online and blended delivery highlights the importance of future research in informing the use of these delivery modes.
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- 2022
11. Student Equity in VET 2020: Participation, Achievement and Outcomes
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National Centre for Vocational Education Research (NCVER) (Australia)
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This publication presents information on how different equity groups fare in their VET journey. The featured equity groups are: (1) People with disability; (2) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander; (3) Non-English speaking background; (4) Low socioeconomic status; (5) Remote; and (6) Not employed. These groups have historically been disadvantaged in accessing and benefiting from education in Australia. This report focuses on their participation, achievement in and outcomes from VET. [For the 2021 report, see ED613489.]
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- 2022
12. Serving Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Age of COVID-19: Special Considerations for Rural Families
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Tomeny, Theodore S., Hudac, Caitlin M., Malaia, Evie A., Morett, Laura M., Tomeny, Kimberly R., Watkins, Laci, and Kana, Rajesh K.
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This position paper explores the needs of rural families of children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to COVID-19, literature portrays elevated stress in families of individuals with ASD and health and socioeconomic disparities for rural and underserved populations. These disparities were exacerbated due to COVID-19 and subsequent lockdowns and economic turmoil. Academic and adaptive skills training were particularly impacted due to school closures, with parents tasked with taking some responsibility for training these skills. Our goals for this article focus on special considerations for rural families regarding: (1) neurobiological and developmental impacts of stressful experiences like COVID-19; (2) delineation of the impacts on individuals with ASD and other comorbid and related conditions; and (3) education and intervention needs during these times. Finally, we offer suggestions for future care during pandemic events, including recommendations for improving service delivery under such conditions.
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- 2023
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13. Factors That Influence Sleep Behaviors of High School Students: Findings from a Semi-Rural Community in Georgia
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Perez Zarate, Raul, Colman, Olivia, Blake, Sarah C., Watson, Autumn, Lee, Yi-Ting H., Grooms, Kya, Quader, Zerleen S., Welsh, Jean A., and Gazmararian, Julie A.
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Background: Inadequate sleep has been shown to have detrimental effects on academic performance, physical, mental, and emotional health among adolescents. Factors that influence sleep have been identified. However, most literature is currently limited to urban settings. This study sought to identify factors that influence sleep habits among high school students in a semi-rural community. Methods: Twelve focus groups were conducted in-person with separate groups of students, parents, and school staff in October 2019. Discussions focused on sleep experiences, knowledge, environment, and factors influencing sleep. Data were coded using grounded theory approach. Themes were identified through summative content analysis. Results: Four major themes were identified: (1) inadequate sleep adversely affects academic performance and emotional health; (2) students face a gap in knowledge regarding sleep duration; (3) academic and nonacademic activities compete with sleep needs; and (4) night-time use of technology negatively influences sleep habits. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that high school students do not get adequate sleep, largely due to the demands of academic and extracurricular activities and the use of electronics at night. These results can guide the development of targeted sleep education and intervention programs.
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- 2023
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14. Education Deserts in North Carolina: An Analysis of Geographic Disparities and University Access
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Stowe, Kristin and Warren, Matthew
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Much research on access to the higher education system overlooks the importance of a base factor: place. An 'education desert' is defined as an area in which residents are separated from the higher education system by geography and structural factors. This study employs a granular approach to locate education deserts within the state of North Carolina, and analyze the condition of higher education access across the state. By delineating the state into Census tracts (n=2184), the analysis draws more specific boundaries around deserts than did previous researchers. The analysis then goes beyond the binary classification of desert or non-desert, and ranks each census tract's access to the higher education system on a five-point scale. The data shows that approximately one-quarter of the state's population lives in an education desert. Various socioeconomic indicators, such as median household income and the rate of disconnected youth, are found to be significantly correlated with a census tract's access to the higher education system. Distance learning seems to be an apt solution; however, residents of higher education deserts have low rates of internet access, making online education impractical. Policy makers should recognize that gaps in access to higher education, and the subsequent benefits from a degree, have roots in geography and in infrastructure.
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- 2021
15. Nonacademic Interventions for Postsecondary Enrollment and Success with Rural and High-Poverty Populations: A Systematic Evidence Review
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Regional Educational Laboratory Appalachia (ED), SRI International, Schmidt, Rebecca A., and Park, C. J.
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Student success in postsecondary education depends on academic preparation and on having the nonacademic knowledge, skills, and behaviors to successfully navigate the demands of postsecondary study. While nonacademic competencies are important for all students, rural and high-poverty populations face unique nonacademic challenges, such as access to adequate college counseling and mentoring. They also have lower postsecondary enrollment and completion rates than their nonrural or low-poverty peers (Adelman, 2006; Byun et al., 2012; Hu, 2003). This review sought to identify nonacademic interventions with evidence of positive effects on postsecondary enrollment, academic performance, persistence, and completion, particularly with rural and high-poverty populations. Results identified five interventions with potentially positive effects for all students: Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) interventions, the Facilitating Long-term Improvements in Graduation and Higher Education for Tomorrow (FLIGHT) program, college counseling, summer counseling, and summer bridge programs. Of these five interventions, two (FLIGHT and summer counseling) showed positive effects with high-poverty populations. In addition to these five interventions, Upward Bound showed positive effects for rural and high-poverty students, but not for the overall study population. Additionally, the Upward Bound study took place between 1992 and 1994. The program has changed substantially since that time, and thus the findings of the study may not be generalizable to current conditions. These results indicate a need for additional high-quality research with rural and high-poverty populations so that education leaders can select and implement interventions that work in their contexts. Key findings: (1) There is a medium to large extent of evidence for the effect of FAFSA interventions on postsecondary enrollment. Additionally, there is a small extent of evidence for the effects of FAFSA, FLIGHT, college counseling, summer counseling, and summer bridge programs on at least one metric of postsecondary enrollment or success; (2) Only one study found positive effects for rural populations, and three found positive effects for high-poverty populations. Upward Bound reported positive effects for students in rural and high-poverty schools, and Upward Bound, summer counseling, and FLIGHT reported positive effects on high-poverty populations. Based on our review of research from key databases, there appears to be a gap in rigorous evidence about nonacademic interventions with rural and high-poverty populations; and (3) The information available on the effects of nonacademic interventions on postsecondary enrollment and success appears to have significant gaps. Our search of the published literature returned only 17 studies (across nine interventions) that used well-designed and well-implemented experimental or quasi-experimental designs, and only eight of these studies (across six interventions) found statistically significant positive effects of nonacademic interventions on postsecondary outcomes.
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- 2021
16. Rural and Indigenous Families' Support of Young Children's Writing
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Stagg Peterson, Shelley, Grimes, Ashley, and Sky, Kathy
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In this study, northern Canadian rural and Indigenous parents provided valuable information about the self-initiated writing that their two- through nine-year-old children do at home. In interview responses, participating parents told stories about the writing materials and spaces they make available to children for writing. They talked about how they support their children's writing: informally--by demonstrating that writing is important; and formally--through direct teaching of letter forms and sound-letter relationships. Parents provided examples of their children's self-initiated writing, which includes types of texts that are not usually valued in mainstream spaces such as school. They explained that the writing is usually for the purposes of expressing feelings and informing family members. Our study adds to the literature on family literacy practices by validating the knowledge and experiences that northern rural and Indigenous children bring to their formal schooling. Recommendations for teachers include initiating conversations with parents about the writing that their children do at home, finding spaces in the classroom schedule for children to present and talk about their self-initiated writing with the class, and providing specific information about how parents can support their children's writing. A "Tips for Parents" sheet is provided.
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- 2021
17. Mental Health Counselors' Perceptions of Rural Women Clients
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Leagjeld, Lisbeth A., Waalkes, Phillip L., and Jorgensen, Maribeth F.
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Researchers have frequently described rural women as invisible, yet at 28 million, they represent over half of the rural population in the United States. We conducted a transcendental phenomenological study using semi-structured interviews and artifacts to explore 12 Midwestern rural-based mental health counselors' experiences counseling rural women through a feminist lens. Overall, we found eight themes organized under two main categories: (a) "perceptions of work with rural women" (e.g., counselors' sense of purpose, a rural heritage, a lack of training for work with rural women, and the need for additional research); and (b) "perceptions of rural women and mental health" (e.g., challenges, resiliency, protective factors, and barriers to mental health services for rural women). We offer specific implications for counselors to address the unique mental health needs of rural women, including hearing their stories through their personal lenses and offering them opportunities for empowerment at their own pace.
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- 2021
18. Leveraging Informal Learning Practices for Broadening Participation in University Education: A Kenyan Case Study
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Hawi, Roxanne, Heinrich, Eva, and Lal, Sunil
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Kenyan public universities primarily provide classroom-based courses. However, socioeconomic realities prevent many rural learners from attending classes regularly. Interestingly, because of the willingness of Kenyans to further their education, informal education is picking up fast. Individuals are forming informal learning circles and have proactively found ways to use smartphones to access online educational resources. This paper explores ways to leverage the strengths of these informal learning practices to enhance participation in formal higher education for Kenyans. One way this can be achieved is through blended learning. With blended learning, students experience the convenience of online learning without losing the on-campus social interactions they are accustomed to. Currently, the use of blended learning in Kenyan public universities is not at the desired level. Economic constraints mean that a lack of conventional computing resources, such as laptops and desktop personal computers, (PCs) is a contributing factor. Given their widespread adoption, we suggest smartphones could be a viable platform for blended learning in Kenya. To explore this idea, a survey was conducted with 114 students in Tom Mboya University College (TMUC), a rurally based public university in Kenya. The survey examined students' attitudes to using smartphones in education. Results indicate smartphones are already an integral part of students' informal education and they have a strong desire to integrate smartphones in their formal education. We envisage that our research will contribute knowledge towards the adoption of blended learning in resource-constrained university environments.
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- 2021
19. How University Lecturers and Students Interpret Opportunities and Challenges of Online Mode of Learning
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Paudyal, Ganga Ram and Rana, Karna
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This paper reports an analysis of university lecturers and students' experience of the online mode of learning in the COVID-19 situation. It as qualitative research employed semi-structured interviews and observation of online classes to gather data. It reports on how online classes enabled university lecturers and students to manage online learning and improve technological skills with the consistent practice of various information and communication technology (ICT) tools. Despite limited technological and pedagogical knowledge, lecturers initiated online learning as an alternative to physical classroom learning in the crisis. Both lecturers and students, thus, were intimidated by new technologies and ways of learning at the beginning. In absence of ICT training, their consistent practices of online learning enabled them to develop some level of confidence in using ICT in teaching and learning activities. Many students from remote rural villages, however, are unable to access online education due to the lack of the internet, smart devices and electricity. The online mode of learning, albeit it is reported a potential strategy to shift from the traditional education system to modern learning, cannot be sustainable in the context where there is limited or no infrastructure for the internet and electricity.
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- 2021
20. Entrepreneurial Resilience of Small and Medium-Sized Businesses among Rural Women in Iran
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Rezaei-Moghaddam, Kurosh, Badzaban, Fatemeh, and Fatemi, Mahsa
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Purpose: The present study aimed to analyze the entrepreneurial resilience of small and medium-sized businesses among rural women. Design/Methodology: The study was conducted using a survey, and 269 individuals were selected through stratified random sampling. This research was conducted in three stages. First, the Lifespan Resilience Scale-Business was used to identify the factor structure of women's business resilience. Second, the resilience of women entrepreneurs' businesses was analyzed. And third, path analysis was carried out to identify the factors affecting the resilience of women's businesses. Findings: The business resilience of rural entrepreneur women was determined by the following components: external resources, internal resources, innovation, opportunity and adaptation, risk management, and family support. The results of the causal model indicated that the variables of marketing strategy, marketing mix, marketing methods, business communication, business plan preparation skills and supporting policies are effective factors in improving business resilience. Theoretical Implications: To improve the entrepreneurial resilience of rural women, it is necessary to identify the influential factors and their indicators to reduce entrepreneurial failure, analyze the factors that foster resilient behaviors in rural entrepreneurship, and provide contexts that are resistant against changes for women. Practical implications: Holding companies that specialize in agricultural development in Iran play an important role in improving women's entrepreneurial resilience. These companies could empower rural women to overcome barriers and apply new methods through educational and extension programs that are appropriate to changes in technology and the market. Originality/value: This study presents the Lifespan Resilience Scale-Business as a native model for measuring the resilience of rural women's businesses in Fars province of Iran.
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- 2023
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21. Grade as a Student's Lifeblood? Exploring Chinese Rural Students' Evolving Constructions of the 'Ideal Student' through Higher Education
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Chen, Jiexiu
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Since the expansion of higher education, many rural students in China managed to enter urban universities. However, migrating across layers of structural constraints, those rural students faced dramatic transitions and challenges in the urban university. Drawing upon 50 rural students' narratives about their educational trajectories, I find that participants in this research moved from the rural context, which almost exclusively emphasized academic performance, to a versatile and complex university culture, featuring implicit and ambiguous expectations of students. The rural students' perceived desirable traits, together with the "suzhi" discourse, reinforced the existing symbolic inequality of the social structure and justified the legitimacy of the dominant group's culture. Moreover, participants generally lacked an accurate grasp of the expectations of students in university, which resulted in a lasting sense of ambivalence and uneasiness. Therefore, exploring the connotation of ideal student is a crucial approach to enable the disadvantaged group to better grasp the hidden mechanisms of urban universities.
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- 2023
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22. Girls under Surveillance: Engaging Zimbabwean Parents on Young People's Sexual Health
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Bhana, Deevia and Matswetu, Vimbai
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Background: Parents play an important role in shaping young people's sexual lives and behaviours with implications for their current and future sexual and reproductive health. This study examined the perspectives of rural Zimbabwean parents on young people's sexual health. Design: Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 19 (6 men and 13 women) participants. Setting: Interviews were conducted in a rural district in Zimbabwe. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with Community Field Officers who were the parents or caregivers of teenage learners in two rural secondary schools. Transcripts were coded and thematic analysis conducted by reading, re-reading, interpretation and reflection on the coded texts. Results: Parents approached the question of young people's sexual health by placing young women's sexuality under surveillance and regulation. Puberty and female bodily changes triggered concern about heterosexual relationships informed by protectionist and moralising discourses. Abstinence and self-control were promoted as expectations for female sexuality based on cultural norms concerning purity and female virginity. Female sexual purity provided a claim to status, was differentiated from other forms of femininity and was an important cultural and economic resource. In a context of economic precarity, the institutions of marriage and bride wealth, whereby female virginity status is valued, provide opportunities for future economic security and reinforce cultural norms concerning respectability. Conclusion: Working with parents to address the ways in which gender and cultural norms operate within the local social and economic context is vital to understand the enduring processes by which young female sexuality is placed under surveillance while reinforcing gender inequalities.
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- 2023
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23. 'I Need to Switch the Job'. Young Rural-Urban Migrants' Perceptions about Their Job during Their Education to Work Transition
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Basnet, Neha, Timmerman, Margaretha C., and van der Linden, Josje
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Young people's choices and decisions during their education to work transition reflect their perceptions about work. Empirical studies of these perceptions of young rural-urban migrants are limited. This article explores the perceptions of young rural-urban migrants working at call centres in Kathmandu and the way these perceptions are associated with socio-cultural values and beliefs. The dominant perceptions found among young rural-urban migrants were that their job in a call centre served for skills development, financial needs, and as a temporary solution. Even though the centre was a fun place to work, there was little indication that young people saw this job as a 'career' The perceptions reveal a strong relation with socio-cultural values and beliefs influencing young people's choices and decision making in their education to work transition in this context.
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- 2023
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24. (Re)Imagining Ambivalent Australia: The Curriculum as a Tool of Nation
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Bacalja, Alexander, Bliss, Lauren, and Bulfer, Matthew
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This paper explores how Australian literature mandated for study in the Victorian senior English curriculum creates opportunities for problematizing central myths about Australia. We engage with Homi Bhabha's notion of ambivalence to demonstrate how representations of colonization, rurality and migration reflect discursive formations of Australia. We consider how each discourse serves a pedagogic function, essentializing a set of myths about Australia: as having redeemed the violence done to Indigenous Australians in the colonial period, as embodying a white, rural masculine ideal, and as a welcoming nation open to migrants. Here, we show the points of orientation these texts provide, in their rearticulations of "the scraps … of daily life", and further consider how the texts can problematize nationalist narratives.
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- 2023
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25. Rural Cultural Wealth: Dismantling Deficit Ideologies of Rurality
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Crumb, Loni, Chambers, Crystal, Azano, Amy, Hands, Africa, Cuthrell, Kristen, and Avent, Max
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Purpose: Rural education research has historically been cast in a deficit lens, with rural places characterized by their problems or shortcomings, as if the way of understanding rural itself is to compare it to nonrural locales. These intransigent and narrow perceptions of rurality hinders recognition of the assets and possibilities of rural places. The purpose of this paper is to apply community-empowering, transgressive knowledge to analyses of rural communities to advance rural education research and practice. Design/methodology/approach: In this conceptual paper, the authors propose an asset-based, conceptual framework to ground rural research and education practices: rural cultural wealth. Findings: The authors describe and explore the concept of rural cultural wealth within the context of education. Furthermore, the authors discuss the dynamics of rurality and propose four constructs that comprise the rural cultural wealth framework, rural resourcefulness, rural ingenuity, rural familism and rural community unity, and consider implications for future research and practice. Originality/value: The goal of this paper is to advance a rural cultural wealth framework aimed to interrupt social reproduction of educational inequities that impact rural students.
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- 2023
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26. Rural Women, Creative Writing, and Resistance
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Honor B. McElroy
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Blending narrative portraiture and feminist methods, this study explored the lives of two rural women who are creative writers. The study asked (1) What are their critical purposes? and (2) How did gender and place intersect in their writing lives? The findings were that the women used creative writing to engage in praxis by creating and disseminating knowledge. Their writing critically interrogated and redefined conceptions of womanhood. Additional critical purposes were unique to women's intersectional identities and lived experiences. They ranged from interrogating societal perspectives of gender, sexuality, and race to interrogating rurality and sexual violence. The aesthetic texts they created articulated and advocated for intersubjective truths. Shifting the focus of critical literacy from pedagogy and reading to writing beyond educational spaces, the women drew upon critical literacy not as a means of being taught how to understand the power of texts, but to wield the power of texts themselves.
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- 2023
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27. Social Constructions of Rurality: A Case Study in Institutional Policy Design
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Andrew M. Crain
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Data on postsecondary degree attainment show persistent equity gaps between rural and nonrural student demographics. Accordingly, colleges and universities throughout the United States are now recognizing the need for more explicit support of rural stakeholders. These efforts are spurred by political shifts that have foregrounded the concerns of rural peoples in the United States and drawn rural spaces into the center of policy discourse. Policymakers seeking to further support rural demographics often face challenges, particularly in operationalizing rurality as a policy construct. This case study analyzes the development of a rural equity initiative--the Engage Program--at pseudonymous Southern State University, a public land-grant university in the Southeastern United States. By applying Schneider and Ingram's policy design lens, the author explores the ways in which campus administrators wrestle with and help to produce--or reproduce--social constructions of rurality. The results suggest that rural equity initiatives may serve to introduce rurality into mainstream conversations about campus diversity, helping to further crystallize rural identities on college campuses and, by extension, within society at large.
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- 2023
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28. The Ecology of Rural Cross-Sector School-Community Partnerships: A Literature Review
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Zuckerman, Sarah J.
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Cross-sector school-community partnerships have recently garnered attention for their potential to improve outcomes across multiple child- and family-serving organizations. Despite the central role of schools in rural communities, partnerships in these settings have largely been overlooked in the literature. This structured review examines the empirical literature on rural school-community partnerships using an ecological framework to (1) understand what is known about these partnerships; (2) assess the strengths and weaknesses of the literature; and (3) identify directions for future research. The review identified a range of partnership types, as well as facilitating factors including social capital, school leadership, and shared vision. Inhibiting factors are social geography and limited capacity. The review identified an increase in empirical research in recent years; however, weaknesses in the literature included a lack of attention to connecting partnering efforts and outcomes and to the role power. Areas for future research include full-service community schools; critical analysis of power in rural partnership efforts; the tensions of school leadership caused by educational policy and local needs; research that reflects the importance of place, identity, and relationships; and research methods that can identify commonalities and contextual factors and connect partnership efforts and outcomes.
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- 2023
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29. Transculturally Rural: Challenging Convivial Imaginations of 'Bettering' Life
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Coello, Gioconda
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During the 1960s-1970s in Ecuador, Indigenous and peasant movements challenged the descriptions of rural life in government education programmes while offering a space of transculture. As Sylvia Wynter [2003. 'Unsettling the Coloniality of Being/Power/Truth/Freedom: Towards the Human, After Man, Its Overrepresentation -- An Argument.' CR: "The New Centennial Review" 3 (3): 257-337.] proposes it, such space allows to narrate human life with sensibilities non-aligned with normalised cultural particularities of the ideal tacit 'we' in national(ised) stories. This text engages with the convivial movements between narratives and counternarratives about rural lives and ways of living. It argues that rural can be thought as a genre and ruralness as a practice of existence, which disrupt overdetermining notions of what counts as dignified life, valid political demands, and possible futures. That disruption is an exercise of conviviality where Indigenous and racialised peoples challenge a living together under rules and practices that demand their assimilation or erasure. Their "luchas" (fights) are proposals for coexistence through social change. Particularly the article looks at how the poem "The Bread of Life," published in the bilingual Kichwa/Spanish newspaper "Jatari Campesino," pushed back against the logics of 'bettering' lives offered by Fundamental Education and Community Development projects. These were projects espoused by the Ecuadorian Government and UNESCO and funded by the Alliance for Progress, among other foreign aid agencies.
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- 2023
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30. Breaking the Cycle? An Exploration of Academic Matching and Rural Students' College Choice Processes
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Wolfgang, Christopher M.
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The issue of academic undermatching involves students enrolling at colleges and universities below the level of selectivity to which their academic profiles indicate they could gain admission. Undermatching has received significant attention because students who undermatch have been shown to experience less favorable outcomes than their peers who match, including lower levels of satisfaction with the college experience, lower graduation rates, lower rates of full-time employment, and lower annual incomes. Undermatching has also been found to occur with much greater frequency among various populations of students, including those of low socioeconomic status (SES), underrepresented racial and ethnic minority identities, and first-generation college students. The extant literature focuses almost exclusively on students from those groups. Research has also, however, identified a geographic component to undermatching, as rural students have been found to undermatch at significantly higher rates than their urban and suburban counterparts. Interestingly, rural students are less likely than nonrural students to attend selective institutions even after controlling for SES and academic preparedness, as well as other demographic and high school achievement variables. While the nature of the academic undermatching that occurs among rural students appears to be distinct from that which occurs among nonrural students, there are no qualitative studies focused on the intersection of rurality and academic matching. In fact, students from rural backgrounds are largely ignored in the broader literature on access and equity in higher education. This study seeks to address current gaps in the literature by focusing exclusively on rural students and employing a qualitative design to explore more deeply their college choice processes and experiences at a large urban public research university. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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- 2023
31. Evaluating the Challenges of Rural and Urban Applicants to Medical Schools
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Jeffrey J. LeBoeuf
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I conducted this study to determine if rural scholars faced unique challenges as applicants to medical schools. I created a 34-question, novel survey, "Challenges of Medical School Applicants," and broadly distributed it to medical schools across the country. I collected and analyzed a total of 178 responses. Rural and urban cohorts were delineated based on high school zip codes, as well as self-perception of being an urban or rural person. Descriptive statistics and statistical tests including t tests, chi-square, and Fisher Exact test compared demographics, experiences, and outcomes. Rural participants in my sample were older, more likely to be married, and have children. Shadowing rural physicians required traveling greater distances. Rural applicants participated in more medically related volunteer work and accessed a wider array of MCAT preparation resources. Admissions committees of medical schools should take comfort in knowing how prepared rural applicants are for medical school. I found rural applicants proved highly qualified yet faced unique barriers like geographical remoteness. Medical schools should continue striving to recruit rural scholars through outreach and accommodating life stage differences. Rural physicians must also be encouraged to mentor aspiring rural students. Further researchers should expand the sample and assess rejected or non-completing applicants. Overall, rural students demonstrated tenacity in gaining experiences and performed competitively in medical school applications. Through this study, I illuminated remaining disparities and considerations for nurturing diverse, promising medical school applicants. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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- 2023
32. Analysis of Rural Students' Pursuit of Community College Using Community Cultural Wealth: Not Everyone Has a Yellow Brick Road
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Jenna Leigh Gannon
- Abstract
Rural students' college attendance rates continue to lag behind their non-rural counterparts (Ardoin, 2018; Barr, 2018; Byun et al., 2012; Byun et al., 2015; Byun et al., 2017; Friesen & Purc-Stephenson, 2016; Hlinka et al., 2018; Longhurst, 2014; McDonough et al., 2010; Morton et al., 2018; Tieken, 2016). While the body of research surrounding the pursuit of college for rural students is expanding, much of it focuses on deficit perspectives or in a few select geographic regions of the United States (Ardoin, 2018; Barr, 2018; Chenoweth & Galliher, 2004; Harris, 2013; Hlinka et al., 2015; Howley et al., 2013; Morton et al., 2018; Sharp et al., 2020; Theodori & Theodori, 2015; Tieken, 2016; Wright, 2012). This research utilized creative nonfiction to give voice to underserved populations in rural Kansas, building from Yosso's (2005) strengths-based community cultural wealth. The research documented that aspirational capital was directly linked to college knowledge. Rural cultural wealth facilitators were key to the development of community cultural wealth and especially aspirational capital within that construct. The participants operationalized their aspirations to seek out college knowledge. The study concludes with practical implications for community colleges as well as suggestions for further research. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
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- 2023
33. Using Critical Race Theory to Explore the Experiences of College Students from Rural Areas
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Cain, Elise J. and Smith, Natesha L.
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There are several indicators (e.g. lower enrollment rates and lower persistence rates) that rural people are achieving less postsecondary success compared to their urban peers. This is particularly true for people with low socioeconomic statuses and people of color. This article, therefore, utilizes critical race theory in education as a framework to explore the experiences of college students from rural areas. The article begins with an overview of critical race theory and a review of relevant literature about rural people organized within a critical race theory framework. This information is then utilized to construct a strategy to guide educators in their critical explorations of rural students and their experiences through assessing pertinent questions. A vignette is also provided as an example to assist educators in their utilization of the strategy, providing a promising practice to support educators at higher education institutions in their efforts to be more inclusive of students from rural areas.
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- 2020
34. The Development of Vocational Agriculture before the Vocational Education Act 1963
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Martin, Michael J. and Kitchel, Tracy J.
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Agricultural education programs are experiencing pressure to change from a variety of educational and societal influences. This pressure is not new to agricultural education programs. The evolution of vocational agriculture from 1945 to 1963 provides a historical example of vocational education change as a result of social influences. Rural America experienced unprecedented emigration after World War II. The loss of students from farming families, the intended recipients of vocational agriculture, should have hampered local programs, but in fact the opposite occurred: enrollment in vocational agriculture continued to grow. We examine how vocational agriculture teachers transformed local programs to match their emerging clientele before the Vocational Education Act of 1963.
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- 2020
35. Good Practice Note: Improving Retention and Completion of Students in Australian Higher Education
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Australian Government Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA)
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Good practice notes offer practical advice and examples of good practice to guide operations in regard to specific, higher education issues. The good practice notes are intended to support and promote the quality assurance approaches of providers. This Good Practice Note identifies examples of good practice in Australian higher education providers in relation to increasing the retention and completion of students in their courses of study. Work undertaken by the Higher Education Standards Panel (HESP) in 2017, which included a long time-series analysis of retention in the Australian higher education system, showed that while national retention rates fell between 2011 and 2014, the 2014 rate was similar to the sector rate in 2005. Poor retention has an impact at both the institutional and individual student levels in terms of waste of resources and effort. Students who discontinue undergraduate studies frequently incur student debt. These students often consider that they have gained little benefit from their investment before dropping out. The Australian Government is keen to improve retention and success of higher education students and is interested in the reasons for the difference in retention rates between institutions. Consequently, the Minister for Education, the Hon Dan Tehan, asked the Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency (TEQSA) to develop this Good Practice Note, which identifies innovative and effective approaches used by those providers showing strong and/or improving retention and completion rates. This Note provides exemplars, which have been identified through an analysis of providers' retention strategies submitted in response to a request from the Minister. An in-depth investigation of the specific strategies used by providers identified through TEQSA's annual risk assessment process as showing improved or high retention over the last five years yielded further exemplars of good practice. The latter have been explored through a structured interview process with the identified providers.
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- 2020
36. Re-Writing Stories of Child, Early and Forced Marriages through Vocational and Entrepreneurship Skills: Experience from the 'Girls Inspire Project' in Tanzania
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Mnubi, Godfrey Magoti
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This paper highlights experiences of young mothers, victims of child, early and forced marriages (CEFM) as pertaining to their basic rights, social wellbeing and sustainable livelihood four years after their participation in the Girls Inspire project. CEFM is still a critical issue in Tanzania and one of the obstacles toward girls' and women's empowerment. Data was collected from six districts in the regions of Dodoma, Rukwa and Lindi between 2016-2018 through the use of questionnaires for a random sample of 367 as well as in-depth interviews with 34 young mothers between 13 to 19 years old who were purposively selected. Other data was generated from the use of focus group discussions for a non-random sample of 137 young mothers. The findings show how the provision of alternative learning through ODL, coupled with skills development in areas of vocation and entrepreneurship can help vulnerable girls and young women be involved in shaping decisions that affect their lives as well as enhance their well-being, employability and sustainable livelihoods.
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- 2020
37. Against the Grain: Narratives of Rural Teachers' Professional Lives
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Gallo, Jessica
- Abstract
This study explored the question "What roles does rurality play in the professional lives of teachers in a Midwestern state?" Using narrative analysis of four participants' interviews about their lives and work in two rural towns, this paper compares participants' stories with dominant narratives about rural schools and communities in published literature. Common depictions of rural people, places, and work often oversimplify the complex relationships among the school, community, staff, and students. This study found that participants: (1) feel a sense of belonging in rural places despite the challenges of living and working there; (2) create and maintain a strong professional family in order to mitigate the difficulties of recruitment and retention in rural schools; and (3) experience school and community partnerships that are both supportive and challenging. As a result of this analysis, this study calls for a more critical and complex representation of rural people and places, especially schools, in order to work against the dominant narratives about rurality that exist in popular imagination.
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- 2020
38. Exploring Digital Health Promotion and Education in East Texas: Pathways to Improving Access
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Willis, Kent, Tuell, Christina, and Marzilli, Colleen
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Purpose: Technology is an important part of healthcare in the United States. There are opportunities for a better understanding of how technology and digital health can improve health and healthcare. The purpose of this study was to answer two research questions. The first research question was, what is the understanding of digital health in the community? The second research question was, what is the knowledge of digital health in the community. These research questions may inform how health professionals address the issue of electronic health records, digital health, and the implications for technology. Methods: Using a convenience sample, participants were recruited to answer an online survey to identify knowledge and understanding of technology, digital health, and a better understanding of health. Participants were able to opt into or out of the survey. The data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel and evaluated with descriptive statistics. Results: The sample size of 14 is small. Results identified that participants were not fully embracing of health technologies. The data indicated that participants were not fully accepting of technology and digital health. Conclusions: Further research should be conducted to obtain a larger sample size. Healthcare professionals have a responsibility to plan interventions to educate the community about health and health technologies. Qualitative and mixed-method studies can add to what is known about health and healthcare technology and digital health resources. Recommendations: It is recommended that interventions be targeted to educate the East Texas population about electronic health resources, telehealth/telemedicine, and technologies that can support health.
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- 2020
39. Research in Action: Public Scholarship and Rural Advocacy
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Parton, Chea Lynn
- Abstract
This paper examines how the rural identity of teachers shapes their teaching practices. It found that rural out-migrant teachers' re-storying of their (non)rural identity influenced their beliefs surrounding the inclusion of rural stories in their reading instruction. They faced challenges in recognizing rural stories as worthy of teaching, in finding rural young adult literature, and in viewing rural cultures as worthy of sustaining. Further, this paper discusses how the researcher responded through public scholarship to create a website to support teachers in overcoming these challenges and ultimately wonders about current and future efforts to effect change for rural students and teachers through public scholarship.
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- 2022
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40. Evaluation of the Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale in a Diverse Sample of Rural Early Adolescents
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Pittman, Sarah K., Valois, Robert F., and Farrell, Albert D.
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Although life satisfaction has been associated with maladjustment and adverse experiences among adolescents, few validated measures of life satisfaction have been evaluated for use with diverse populations. The Brief Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale (BMSLSS) is a promising measure that has been validated in samples of White and Black adolescents. This study used an item response theory approach to evaluate its psychometric properties in a diverse rural sample of early adolescents and its concurrent associations with other measures of youth adjustment. Support was found for partial invariance across sex and racial and ethnic identities. Scores on the BMSLSS were also correlated with measures of youth adjustment. However, the strength of these correlations differed for adolescents of different racial and ethnic identities. Findings suggest that the BMSLSS is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing life satisfaction in diverse samples of adolescents and highlights the importance of assessing invariance across racial and ethnic groups.
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- 2022
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41. Student Equity in Higher Degrees by Research. Statistical Report, August 2019
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Australian Government Department of Education
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In response to the 2016 "Review of Australia's Research Training System," the Australian Government made a commitment to monitor and undertake analysis of issues surrounding representation of equity groups in higher degree by research (HDR) training. This report presents analysis and selected data on enrolments, commencements and completions for HDR students over the period 2006 to 2017, organised by the themes of financial support, gender, socioeconomic status (SES), regional/remote status, and disability. Some of the key findings include: (1) Access to Commonwealth fee offsets and stipends for domestic students increased over the period. Some groups have a consistently lower rate, including low SES and part-time students; (2) Women made up the majority of domestic HDR enrolments, commencements and completions. However, women were a minority in most science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields with the exception of biological sciences and other natural and physical sciences; (3) Men were well-represented in STEM but under-represented in virtually all fields of health, education and creative arts; (4) Regional and remote students, and students of medium and low SES remained significantly under-represented in the HDR student population. There was little change in the representation of these students over the period; and (5) Regional students were more likely to be older, and less likely to attend their course internally compared to metropolitan students.
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- 2019
42. Creative Knowledge Transfer Using Junk Art to Promotes Sustainable Development Goals
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Yahawa, Nur Fatin binti and Maaruf, Siti Zuraida
- Abstract
The process of getting information regarding government initiatives to promote entrepreneurship (2016-2020) in rural area has not been clearly explained to the population in rural areas. The development of an alternative teaching and learning module has enabled for meaningful. There is a need to develop an alternative teaching and learning module to support the transfer of knowledge and skills. The aim of this study was to design and develop Junk Art Module as scaffolding for unemployed women to obtain knowledge and skills in art production. The study was conducted using the Design and Developmental Research (DDR) by Richie and Klein (2007). There were eight unemployed women and three experts from government agencies who were involved in this research. To test the usability of the module, the researchers conducted interview sessions with the experts and unemployed women which showed that the Junk Art Module offered a new knowledge and skills in producing art products using recycled items which should be commercialized through online businesses, tourism centers and other market places. Both the experts and unemployed women gave positive feedback that the module gave them a positive experience in in making art products as a sustainable goal.
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- 2019
43. The Cost of Doing Nothing: An Urgent Call to Increase Educational Attainment in the Commonwealth
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State Council of Higher Education for Virginia
- Abstract
"The Virginia Plan for Higher Education" articulates the objective that the Commonwealth will be the best-educated state by 2030. To achieve this objective, Virginia not only must increase educational attainment rates, but also must close the gaps in the differing rates of attainment that exist across its population and its regions. For these higher levels of attainment to be meaningful, Virginia also must address problems in its talent pipeline. These problems relate to the growing out-migration of educated residents, the slowing in-migration of educated non-Virginians, the changing needs for talent in Virginia business and industry, and the increased value, especially in some areas of the state, of sub-associate-degree workforce credentials. Within this context, in fall 2018 the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia (SCHEV) formed an ad hoc committee to consider ways to improve educational outcomes across the state. This report is a summary of the ad hoc committee's considerations, findings and proposed actions.
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- 2019
44. Student Population Change in Rural Illinois Schools and Its Implications for School Leaders
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Kinkley, Ian C. and Yun, John T.
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This paper examines rural public school student population change in Illinois and explores the implications of these changes on educational leadership. Secondary analysis of 16 years of data from NCES Common Core of Data Universe Surveys illuminates population change in terms of student enrollment and demographic characteristics. Findings suggest that these changes have occurred over the 16 year period and present potentially considerable challenges for school leaders especially given the broader state climate.
- Published
- 2019
45. Curriculum Reform in Indonesia: Moving from an Exclusive to Inclusive Curriculum
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Mukminin, Amirul, Habibi, Akhmad, Prasojo, Lantip Diat, Idi, Abdullah, and Hamidah, Afreni
- Abstract
The goal of education is to foster all students' intellectual, social, and personal potential to their highest level by providing them with an equitable and equal education irrespective of their characteristics (e.g., ethnicity, social class, language use, religion, and other human differences). Different students and communities should not be excluded in terms of curriculum. At the micro-level classroom, student engagement is central. Teachers should go beyond the prescribed curriculum by working with their students and by including their voices. However, how can students be successful academically and socially if the school curriculum is anchored in the mainstream curriculum, primarily promoting the dominant groups? For example, given that the books, curriculum, and standardised testing are centralised in Indonesia, the content is, of course, generalised for all students. Teachers and schools throughout the country should use the same materials for all students. However, for the disadvantaged children coming from poor, rural, and remote areas, such policies lead them to trouble. They learn the books and materials that are similar to those that the affluent schools and students use in cities, but their values and perspectives are excluded. Also, how can students who are racially, culturally, and linguistically marginalised and low-income families succeed if the curriculum is organised exclusively to maintain the current social structure? The purpose of this paper is to explore the need to move from an exclusive to inclusive curriculum in Indonesia so that all students can succeed academically and socially. The orienting questions for this study are: (1) What do we mean by an exclusive and inclusive curriculum? (2) What are the components of an inclusive curriculum? (3) What should be reformed to create an inclusive curriculum? (4) What kind of leadership is required to guide the reform from an exclusive to an inclusive curriculum?
- Published
- 2019
46. Growth Mindset's Relationship to Developmental Math Achievement and Rurality's Moderating Role
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Luke Allen Stobel
- Abstract
Community colleges provide a key point of access to higher education across the United States. These colleges are especially important for underprepared students, especially in mathematics. This is especially true of rural students, who often have lacked the access to educational resources. Research on growth mindset theory has provided promising results but research was lacking on growth mindset's impact on rural developmental math students at community colleges. The purpose of this quantitative correlational predictive study was to examine if and to what extent student self-classified rural identity moderated the predictive relationship between growth mindset and developmental math course grades in community college students in the Midwest. The theoretical framework was the implicit theory of intelligence. The study was conducted with a convenience sample (N = 91) from two Midwestern community colleges in the United States. The 3-item growth mindset scale was used, math grades were collected from the institution, and rural identity was reported in the demographic section of the survey, which was administered through SurveyMonkey™. A simple linear regression analysis in SPSS for RQ1 revealed growth mindset level (R[superscript 2] = 0.027) did not significantly predict developmental math grades. For RQ2, a moderation analysis with Hayes PROCESS in SPSS revealed rurality (R[superscript 2] = 0.046) did not significantly moderate the relationship between growth mindset and developmental math grades. These findings may be used by community college professionals when examining support strategies for developmental math students to improve their success. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2022
47. How Longtime Residents Use Visual Media Cues to Determine Evacuation Actions before Hurricanes
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Armstrong, Cory L., Hou, Jue, and Towery, Nathan
- Abstract
This study sought to measure risk perception and behavioral intention in rural and urban communities in Mississippi and Alabama when severe weather strikes. We developed an experiment testing how visual cues and media messages surrounding an impending hurricane could influence an individual's decision-making in the situation. Respondents were selected from six counties on Mississippi and Alabama coastlines and placed into one of three conditions, each of which described a hypothetical "Hurricane Farrah," which was near landfall nearby. Data were collected on 466 respondents and analysis determined that the live video was least likely to motivate respondents to take evacuation measures.
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- 2022
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48. Does Distance Learning Facilitate Diversity and Access to MSW Education in Rural and Underserved Areas?
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Richwine, Chelsea, Erikson, Clese, and Salsberg, Edward
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Distance learning in social work has proliferated in recent years and is increasingly promoted as a strategy for diversifying the social work workforce and expanding access to graduate education for individuals in rural and underserved communities. Our study assesses the accuracy of this claim by analyzing the 2018 GW [George Washington] Survey of Social Work Graduates to evaluate whether participation in an online or blended Master of Social Work program (a) increases diversity in the field by providing educational opportunities to nontraditional students and (b) is associated with practice in rural or underserved areas. Our findings indicate that online and blended education is associated with practice in rural and underserved areas. We also find evidence that online education increases diversity in the field by expanding access to education for older, working adults.
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- 2022
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49. Rurality, Identity, and Motivations for Tackling Climate Change (or Not): A Duoethnography
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Lam, Michelle
- Abstract
In this duoethnography, two rural Canadian women explore personal memories, stories, and conversations to illuminate the factors involved in our willingness/unwillingness to change to become more climate conscious in our everyday lives. Rural areas remain understudied and face unique challenges in sustaining changes to become more climate conscious. This work presents the divergent narratives of one person (myself) striving to make significant changes to her life in light of the climate crisis and another who resists these changes. Together we attempt to answer the question, 'What motivates and/or prevents us from living climate-conscious lives?' Our answers provide depth and insight into the influence of identity, belonging, relationships, early formative educational experience, and place on one's beliefs, emotions, and actions for our changing climate. This study will be valuable for environmental educators seeking to effect social change, as it will offer real examples of the complicated and diverse contexts that affect opinions on the climate crisis and inform pedagogical practice. Through this, I call for environmental educators to critically reflect on the influence that their contexts play in informing their own climate beliefs, emotions, and actions.
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- 2022
- Full Text
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50. Perspectives of Families of Adult-Aged Students with Cognitive and/or Developmental Disabilities and Their Decisions Considered as Students Transition to Adult Postsecondary Education Programming and Utilization of outside Agency Support
- Author
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Joy, Nicholas
- Abstract
Adult postsecondary transition programs can be found within larger cities; however, school districts in rural communities have their own challenges due to limited resources. With transition programming, do families in the community understand and utilize the services, activities, and programs offered by outside agencies? The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore the transitional phase that rural families of adult-aged students with cognitive and/or developmental disabilities experience as their child transitioned from a high school postsecondary certificate of completion program to placement with an adult outside service agency. Additionally, this study examined the perspectives of rural families whose children currently attended a high school postsecondary transition program and would be obtaining outside agency support once they child turned 22 years of age. Utilizing the bioecological theoretical model, focus was placed on the cultural factors, perspectives, and beliefs surrounding disabilities and special education within the community, organizational supports, and individual factors of the students and perspectives of the caregivers as they navigate the barriers and supports within the school system. Data from interviews indicated school programming can improve communication and collaboration between the families, school, and outside agencies. Next steps recommended creating and implementing a protocol for families, school special education teams, and outside agencies as children continue transition programming. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]
- Published
- 2022
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