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Background:The scale of the 2022 global mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) outbreak has been unprecedented. In less than 6 months, non-endemic countries have reported more than 67 000 cases of a disease that had previously been rare outside of Africa. Mortality has been reported as rare but hospital admission has been relatively common. We aimed to describe the clinical and laboratory characteristics and outcomes of individuals admitted to hospital with mpox and associated complications, including tecovirimat recipients. Methods:In this cohort study, we undertook retrospective review of electronic clinical records and pathology data for all individuals admitted between May 6, and Aug 3, 2022, to 16 hospitals from the Specialist and High Consequence Infectious Diseases Network for Monkeypox. The hospitals were located in ten cities in England and Northern Ireland. Inclusion criteria were clinical signs consistent with mpox and MPXV DNA detected from at least one clinical sample by PCR testing. Patients admitted solely for isolation purposes were excluded from the study. Key outcomes included admission indication, complications (including pain, secondary infection, and mortality) and use of antibiotic and anti-viral treatments. Routine biochemistry, haematology, microbiology, and virology data were also collected. Outcomes were assessed in all patients with available data. Findings:156 individuals were admitted to hospital with complicated mpox during the study period. 153 (98%) were male and three (2%) were female, with a median age of 35 years (IQR 30–44). Gender data were collected from electronic patient records, which encompassed full formal review of clincian notes. The prespecified options for data collection for gender were male, female, trans, non-binary, or unknown. 105 (71%) of 148 participants with available ethnicity data were of White ethnicity and 47 (30%) of 155 were living with HIV with a median CD4 count of 510 cells per mm3(IQR 349–828). Rectal or perianal pain (including proctitis) was the most common indication for hospital admission (44 [28%] of 156). Severe pain was reported in 89 (57%) of 156, and secondary bacterial infection in 82 (58%) of 142 individuals with available data. Median admission duration was 5 days (IQR 2–9). Ten individuals required surgery and two cases of encephalitis were reported. 38 (24%) of the 156 individuals received tecovirimat with early cessation in four cases (two owing to hepatic transaminitis, one to rapid treatment response, and one to patient choice). No deaths occurred during the study period. Interpretation:Although life-threatening mpox appears rare in hospitalised populations during the current outbreak, severe mpox and associated complications can occur in immunocompetent individuals. Analgesia and management of superimposed bacterial infection are priorities for patients admitted to hospital.

Background An outbreak of monkeypox virus infections in non-endemic countries was recognised on May 12, 2022. As of September 29, more than 67 000 infections have been reported globally, with more than 3400 confirmed cases in the UK by September 26. Monkeypox virus is believed to be predominantly transmitted through direct contact with lesions or infected body fluids, with possible involvement of fomites and large respiratory droplets. A case of monkeypox in a health-care worker in the UK in 2018 was suspected to be due to virus exposure while changing bedding. We aimed to measure the extent of environmental contamination in the isolation rooms of patients with symptomatic monkeypox. Methods We investigated environmental contamination with monkeypox virus from infected patients admitted to isolation rooms at the Royal Free Hospital (London, UK) between May 24 and June 17, 2022. Surface swabs of high-touch areas in five isolation rooms, of the personal protective equipment (PPE) of health-care workers in doffing areas in three rooms, and from air samples collected before and during bedding changes in five rooms were analysed using quantitative PCR to assess monkeypox virus contamination levels. Virus isolation was performed to confirm presence of infectious virus in selected positive samples. Findings We identified widespread surface contamination (56 [93%] of 60 samples were positive) in occupied patient rooms (monkeypox DNA cycle threshold [Ct] values 24·7–37·4), on health-care worker PPE after use (Ct 26·1–35·6), and in PPE doffing areas (Ct 26·3–36·8). Of 20 air samples taken, five (25%) were positive. Three (75%) of four air samples collected before and during a bedding change in one patient's room were positive (Ct 32·7–36·2). Replication-competent virus was identified in two (50%) of four samples selected for viral isolation, including from air samples collected during bedding change. Interpretation These data show contamination in isolation facilities and potential for suspension of monkeypox virus into the air during specific activities. PPE contamination was observed after clinical contact and changing of bedding. Contamination of hard surfaces in doffing areas supports the importance of cleaning protocols, PPE use, and doffing procedures. Funding None.

Introduction: Primary ovarian lipoleiomyoma is a rare benign tumor of the ovary predominantly consisting of smooth muscles and adipocytes. Clinically, they are asymptomatic and are diagnosed accidentally during the histopathological examination after the surgery. Case presentation: Herein, we report a case of unilateral, primary ovarian lipoleiomyoma in a 20-year-old primigravida who presented with complaints of abdominal distension for 4 months. The abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) revealed a large, well-defined, heterogeneously enhancing mass in the right adnexa measuring 35.9x26.1x12.9 cm. A primary clinical diagnosis of teratoma was raised. Unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy was performed, and histomorphology revealed a benign smooth muscle tumor admixed with mature adipocyte and cartilage arising primarily in the ovary. The diagnosis was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The tumor may be asymptomatic or manifest with abdominal pain or distension, like in our index case. As there are no pathognomonic clinical symptoms, tumor markers, or characteristic imaging findings, definitive diagnosis is difficult prior to surgical removal. Histomorphology and immunohistochemistry confirm the smooth muscle nature of the tumor. Conclusion: This common and benign solid tumor at an unusual location should be kept in the differential diagnosis of solid ovarian masses.

The endeavour to understand human cognition has largely relied upon investigation of task-related brain activity. However, resting-state brain activity can also offer insights into individual information processing and performance capabilities. Previous research has identified electroencephalographic resting-state characteristics (most prominently: the individual alpha frequency; IAF) that predict cognitive function. However, it has largely overlooked a second component of electrophysiological signals: aperiodic 1/f activity. The current study examined how both oscillatory and aperiodic resting-state EEG measures, alongside traditional cognitive tests, can predict performance in a dynamic and complex, semi-naturalistic cognitive task. Participants’ resting-state EEG was recorded prior to engaging in a Target Motion Analysis (TMA) task in a simulated submarine control room environment (CRUSE), which required participants to integrate dynamically changing information over time. We demonstrated that the relationship between IAF and cognitive performance extends from simple cognitive tasks (e.g., digit span) to complex, dynamic measures of information processing. Further, our results showed that individual 1/f parameters (slope and intercept) differentially predicted performance across practice and testing sessions, whereby flatter slopes were associated with improved performance during learning, while higher intercepts were linked to better performance during testing. In addition to the EEG predictors, we demonstrate a link between cognitive skills most closely related to the TMA task (i.e., spatial imagery) and subsequent performance. Overall, the current study highlights (1) how resting-state metrics – both oscillatory and aperiodic - have the potential to index higher-order cognitive capacity, while (2) emphasising the importance of examining these electrophysiological components within more dynamic settings and over time.

Work from home (or remote working) has become the new normal ever since the pandemic hit the world. This new normal, which represents the unison of social and technical assemblage, has been used as a backdrop in the study to explore the nature of employee job behaviour and its impact on job satisfaction. The sample consisted of employees who are working remotely from their homes in the information technology sector. The Cronbach alpha of the questionnaire was found to be .862. The results indicate that dimensions of employee job behaviour like enhanced work association, need for interaction for information exchange, and increased work responsibility were found to be highly correlated in the backdrop of work from home. Further, employee job behaviour was found to be significantly impacting job satisfaction of employees in the backdrop of work from home. Copyright © 2022, IGI Global.

In India, filariasis is a severe and significant public health problem. It has been reported to be present in any potential site. However, cervicovaginal Pap smear cytology rarely contains microfilariae despite the widespread occurrence. The occurrence of microfilariae in cervicovaginal smears has seldom been reported, even as an accidental finding. In our retrospective study, four cases of clinically asymptomatic filariasis were diagnosed on a routine cervicovaginal Pap smear from January 2019 to July 2022. All microfilariae were characterized as Wuchereria bancrofti. In the present study, the majority of the cases present vaginal discharge, and the diagnosis was made by cytopathology. Therefore, it is crucial to consider and look for microfilariae in areas where they are not endemic.

Ocular sebaceous carcinoma (OSC) is a malignant and potentially lethal sebaceous gland tumor. Clinically, it masquerades as other benign and less malignant lesions, resulting in a delay in diagnosis.In the present study, we sought to evaluate the cytomorphology of this aggressive neoplasm diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) last year at our institute.We report three cases of OSC diagnosed on aspiration cytology showed a cellular smear composed of sheets, 3D clusters, papillaroid, and singly scattered polygonal tumor cells having centrally located hyperchromatic pleomorphic nuclei and multiple microvacuolations in the cytoplasm. Necrosis and crushing artifact were also identified. Special stains such as Oil Red O stain on air-dried smears showed positivity, confirming the presence of lipid globules. Subsequently, the Cytological impression of sebaceous carcinoma was confirmed on histopathology.The article highlights the role of FNAC in the early and correct diagnosis of aggressive tumors and subsequent appropriate management to prevent recurrence and metastasis.

HE4 is a secretory protein. It is expressed in reproductive tract and respiratory epithelium in normal individuals. Serum level of HE4 is raised in various solid cancers that give us an advantage to use it as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker. It is an established biomarker of epithelial ovarian cancer [EOC]. It has also shown the significance in various other malignancies like cancer of endometrium, cervix, lung and breast. Studies show HE4 as an independent prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung carcinoma. Its raised values in cancer signify its role in oncogenesis. HE4 promotes angiogenesis via STAT3 signalling pathway. In this paper we have tried to illustrate about human epididymis protein 4 and its role in tumour angiogenesis.

Shared leadership in teams is believed to be beneficial for team effectiveness. Yet recent empirical evidence shows that it may not always bring positive effects. On the one hand, the team leadership literature suggests that shared leadership allows for frequent interactions among members, improving intrateam harmony and reducing conflicts. On the other hand, the team power literature suggests that frequent influence interactions among multiple leaders can form an arena in which members fight over their power turfs, thereby triggering conflict. Drawing on dominance complementarity theory, we suggest that team power base diversity—the variety in power bases among team members from which they derive their informal influence—is an important contingency that moderates the impact of shared leadership on relationship conflict to influence team performance. In a sample of 70 project-based teams, we find support for the proposition that at high levels of team power base diversity, shared leadership has a positive downstream effect on team performance through reduced team relationship conflict. We discuss the contributions to knowledge about shared leadership and highlight practical implications for temporary teams with no formally designated leaders. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text., OBJECTIVES: To 1) analyze the short-term biochemical improvements and clinical outcomes following treatment of children with post-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 inflammatory syndrome (multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2) admitted to U.K. PICUs and 2) collate current treatment guidance from U.K. PICUs. DESIGN: Multicenter observational study. SETTING: Twenty-one U.K. PICUs. PATIENTS: Children (< 18 yr) admitted to U.K. PICUs between April 1, 2020, and May 10, 2020, fulfilling the U.K. case definition of pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Routinely collected, deidentified data were analyzed. Propensity score and linear mixed effects models were used to analyze the effect of steroids, IV immunoglobulin, and biologic agents on changes in C-reactive protein, platelet counts, and lymphocyte counts over the course of PICU stay. Treatment recommendations from U.K. clinical guidelines were analyzed. Over the 6-week study period, 59 of 78 children (76%) received IV immunoglobulin, 57 of 78 (73%) steroids, and 18 of 78 (24%) a biologic agent. We found no evidence of a difference in response in clinical markers of inflammation between patients with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 who were treated with IV immunoglobulin, steroids, or biologics, compared with those who were not. By the end of the study period, most patients had received immunomodulation. The 12 patients who did not receive any immunomodulators had similar decrease in inflammatory markers as those treated. Of the 14 guidelines analyzed, the use of IV immunoglobulin, steroids, and biologics was universally recommended. CONCLUSIONS: We were unable to identify any short-term benefit from any of the treatments, or treatment combinations, administered. Despite a lack of evidence, treatment guidelines for multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children/pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 have become very similar in advising step-wise treatments. Retaining clinical equipoise regarding treatment will allow clinicians to enroll children in robust clinical trials to determine the optimal treatment for this novel important condition.

With the plethora of changes happening in organizations adopting new digital technologies, managing human resources in information technology organizations had never been more challenging. Keeping in mind, a very few literature available on the role of HR in the new digital era, an attempt has been made in this study to explore the role of leadership skills for developing digital acumen in people working in information technology organizations. The study used sequential mixed methodology to explore the insights of subject matter experts, technology leaders and HR professionals to develop an instrument that explored necessary leadership skills for acquiring digital acumen in employees working in information technology companies. The first part of the study was based on exploring narratives of five subject matter experts. The inputs from these experts came out with broad themes and sub-themes that were used for developing the constructs, namely, acquiring digital acumen, adaptability, ambiguity tolerance, teamwork and collaboration and championing leadership. The part two of the study involved the use of the instrument for recording the opinion of 210 respondents working in software development positions in reputed information technology companies in the NCR of Delhi. The results showed that respondent perception on acquiring digital acumen was mediated by the factor championing leadership. Other intervening leadership variables such as adaptability, ambiguity tolerance and teamwork and collaboration exerted their influence on acquiring digital acumen by exercising ‘championing leadership’ abilities in the organization.

Ewing’s sarcoma/Primitive neuroectodermal tumor (ES/PNET) of bone is a rare childhood tumor most commonly located in the metadiaphysis. It is more commonly seen in the appendicular skeleton and typically involves femur, tibia, humerus or fibula. Within the long bones, the tumor is always metaphyseal or diaphyseal (mid-diaphysis: 33%, metadiaphysis: 44%, metaphyseal: 15%). Rarely 1%-2% of ES may involve epiphysis. In skeletally immature patients, lesions of the epiphysis are rarely malignant, with the most common diagnosis benign chondroblastoma. We report a case of ES of the tibial epiphysis in a 16 year old boy presenting with complaints of pain around right knee joint for six months associated with fever and restricted mobility of knee joint. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the patient’s right knee revealed a large lesion in the centre of upper tibial epiphysis showing hypointense signal on T1 & T2W1 extending from the articular surface through the epiphyseal plate into the upper metaphyseal region. MRI findings suggested an infective pathology with differential diagnosis of Brodie’s abscess and chondroblastoma. Based on the imaging characteristics, the patient’s age and the lesion’s location a preliminary diagnosis of chondroblastoma was made. Debridement and curettage of the lesion was performed and sent for histopathological examination. Microscopy and subsequent immunohistochemistry confirmed it to be a case of ES. An extensive research of literature was done and very few reports Of ES at epiphyseal location were found which make our case worth reporting. This case highlights the rarity of epiphyseally located Ewing sarcoma cases and thus suggesting that the diagnosis of ES should also be considered for pediatric epiphyseal tumors. Keywords: Ewing tumor, Primitive neuroectodermal tumor, Metadiaphysis, Epiphysis, Metaphyseal, Chondroblastoma.

Jagdisan Mohandas Kumarappa (1886–1957) was an erudite scholar and a passionate social reformer. He championed the cause of social work education and criminology as the director of Tata Institute of Social Sciences, the first institution to impart social work education in Asia. He was also a nominated member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of the Parliament. Kumarappa’s contribution to social work and criminology in India is immense.

Viewing social work as a discipline gives primary attention to theories and perspectives, whereas viewing it as a profession places emphasis on practice and skills. It is assumed that theoretical frames enable a shift from particularities to the glocal view, thus ensuring pluralism. While it is hinted that practice embedded in ‘methods of social work’ is limited and a prisoner of historical practice realms, what one misses in these myopic distinctions is that, in social work the ‘centrality’ of person/client is non-negotiable. These newer conceptualisations embrace ‘in situations’ and radical perspectives across all methods of social work. Methods of social work provide the base to traverse the micro–macro linkages and ensure policy focus on individuals, structure, systems, cultural norms and its consequent impact. Praxis of the methods is imperative to make policies relevant. This article presents the robustness of methods in firming policies, for addressing situations of exclusion and powerlessness, with the values of inclusion and empowerment. Drawing on the Bordieu’s fields of power, capital and habitus, the article elucidates the application of methods of social work in a neo-liberal world to challenge structures that perpetuate inequity and translates the operationalisation of individual agency.

Summary Background In April, 2020, clinicians in the UK observed a cluster of children with unexplained inflammation requiring admission to paediatric intensive care units (PICUs). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, course, management, and outcomes of patients admitted to PICUs with this condition, which is now known as paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS). Methods We did a multicentre observational study of children (aged

Purpose This paper aims to understand the effects of team power asymmetry (hierarchy) on team learning. Design/methodology/approach Literature suggests that power asymmetry can hurt team learning due to unequal interactions. The authors integrate the situated focus theory of power and the theory of adversarial growth to propose that environmental hardship can moderate this relationship. Such that, under environmental hardship there is a shift in power relations within hierarchical teams, such that power asymmetry positively relates to team learning via increased team egalitarianism (interactional equality). Findings The study is presented in two parts. Part 1 reviews the literature and builds the theoretical arguments for the conceptual model, while Part 2 empirically examines the model on a sample of military teams. In Part 1, the authors propose a theoretically derived model and directions for future research in team power, dynamics and learning. Research limitations/implications It provides directions to empirically validate a contingency-based model to resolve the dilemma of creating equality and high levels of team learning in hierarchical teams. Originality/value The conceptual model and hypotheses contribute to the team learning literature by theoretically clarifying the conditions under which power asymmetry is likely to improve team learning.

Peer review is a critical component toward facilitating a robust science in industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology. Peer review exists beyond academic publishing in organizations, university departments, grant agencies, classrooms, and many more work contexts. Reviewers are responsible for judging the quality of research conducted and submitted for evaluation. Furthermore, they are responsible for treating authors and their work with respect, in a supportive and developmental manner. Given its central role in our profession, it is curious that we do not have formalized review guidelines or standards and that most of us never receive formal training in peer reviewing. To support this endeavor, we are proposing a competency framework for peer review. The purpose of the competency framework is to provide a definition of excellent peer reviewing and guidelines to reviewers for which types of behaviors will lead to good peer reviews. By defining these competencies, we create clarity around expectations for peer review, standards for good peer reviews, and opportunities for training the behaviors required to deliver good peer reviews. We further discuss how the competency framework can be used to improve peer reviewing and suggest additional steps forward that involve suggestions for how stakeholders can get involved in fostering high-quality peer reviewing.

There is a paradigm shift amongst the organizations post the pandemic with the emergence of digital workplaces which resonate virtual settings rather than physical settings at work which have implications on work–life balance among employees. The research in past have mostly explored the ways in which digital workplaces have changed the skills desired by employers for organizational effectiveness. However, the current research has tried to foster a holistic understanding of the challenges in digital work places and the specific job skills that enable to handle digital work–life challenges for employee effectiveness. The article provides the problem and solution under a singular umbrella, providing an anchor for human resource professionals to embrace changes in people process management with the rise of digital workplaces. The study has deployed a sequential mixed method approach to conduct the study. In the first phase an in-depth qualitative inquiry was conducted to explore digital work–life challenges through interviews conducted with practicing managers in IT industry from North India. In the second phase of the study an empirical model was developed to validate the specific job skills that impact digital work–life challenges using structural equation modelling (SEM). The empirically tested model indicated that stress tolerance and communication prowess were the two most important predictors of managing digital work–life challenges. Ability to adjust on the other hand, emerged as a mediating factor between uncertainty management and communication prowess. The model highlights the socio-technical arrangements that can be explored by practitioners in Industry for an effective digital work–life balance and effectiveness.

Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the Coronavirus DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Blood investigations play a vital role in providing information regarding the inflammatory process. Previous studies have shown that complete blood count parameters have clinical importance in predicting disease outcomes. However, there is a scarcity of literature published from our region in India. Aims The present study was conducted to describe the epidemiological, clinical, and hematological characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 confirmed cases. Material and methods All real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases admitted in our institute over three months, from July to September 2020, were included in the study population. The blood samples of SARS-CoV-2 positive cases were analyzed for complete blood counts and coagulation profile on admission and at the time of discharge (most recent in case of mortality). Results A total of 252 RT-PCR confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases were included in the study. The most common age group affected was 46 to 60 years, and the male-to-female ratio was 2.45:1. The most common clinical symptom was dyspnea, and the commonest comorbidity was hypertension. The statistical analysis showed a significant association of age, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) D-dimer, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelets-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) with intensive care unit (ICU) admission and death. Gender, dyspnea, and absolute eosinophil count (AEC) showed significant association with ICU patients only, while liver disease and absolute lymphocyte count (ALC) had a significant association with death. Conclusion There are many notable clinical and hematological manifestations of COVID-19. Age, gender, dyspnea, comorbid liver disease, ANC, ALC AEC, NLR, PLR, and D- dimer may help clinicians predict the disease progression and reduce mortality risk.

Background Carcinoma of the breast is one of the most common cancer in females, with preponderance among urban females. The patient's age, tumor size, lymph node status, histological type, histological grade, lymphovascular invasion, hormonal receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2neu) expression, and Ki-67 labeling index for proliferation rate can help determine the appropriate management strategy in these patients. The authors conducted this descriptive retrospective study to assess the association of Ki-67 with clinicopathological parameters in a newly established institute. This may help guide treatment planning in developing countries. Methodology Patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer in our institute between January 2017 and March 2020 were included in this study. The clinicopathological prognostic factors were retrieved from the records. Results A total of 129 cases of core needle biopsy and mastectomy specimens were included in this study. The patient's mean age and median age were 47.41 and 47 years, respectively. Only 56 specimens of mastectomy were received. T2 (26/56) was the most common tumor size. Grading was done in 46 cases, and grade 2 (23/46) was the most common. Estrogen, progesterone, and Her2neu were positive in 65, 61, and 59 cases, respectively. Only estrogen receptor (ER) expression (p = 0.035) and Her2neu (p = 0.035) overexpression were significantly correlated with Ki-67. Conclusions Ki-67 expression was correlated with clinicopathological factors. Only ER expression and Her2neu overexpression were significantly associated with Ki-67. Hence, patients with high Ki-67 expression may have better responses to hormonal therapy and chemotherapy.

Background: In a recent human reliability analysis (HRA) of simulated pediatric resuscitations, ineffective retrieval of preparation and administration instructions from online injectable medicines guidelines was a key factor contributing to medication administration errors (MAEs). Objective: The aim of the present study was to use a specific HRA to understand where intravenous medicines guidelines are vulnerable to misinterpretation, focusing on deviations from expected practice ( discrepancies) that contributed to large-magnitude and/or clinically significant MAEs. Methods: Video recordings from the original study were reanalyzed to identify discrepancies in the steps required to find and extract information from the NHS Injectable Medicines Guide (IMG) website. These data were combined with MAE data from the same original study. Results: In total, 44 discrepancies during use of the IMG were observed across 180 medication administrations. Of these discrepancies, 21 (48%) were associated with an MAE, 16 of which (36% of 44 discrepancies) made a major contribution to that error. There were more discrepancies (31 in total, 70%) during the steps required to access the correct drug webpage than there were in the steps required to read this information (13 in total, 30%). Discrepancies when using injectable medicines guidelines made a major contribution to 6 (27%) of 22 clinically significant and 4 (15%) of 27 large-magnitude MAEs. Conclusion and Relevance: Discrepancies during the use of an online injectable medicines guideline were often associated with subsequent MAEs, including those with potentially significant consequences. This highlights the need to test the usability of guidelines before clinical use.

This chapter introduces electroencephalography (EEG), a measure of neurophysiological activity, as a critical method for investigating individual and team decision-making and cognition. EEG is a useful tool for expanding the theoretical and research horizons in organizational cognitive neuroscience, with a lower financial cost and higher portability than other neuroimaging methods (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging). This chapter briefly reviews past work that has applied cognitive neuroscience methods to investigate cognitive processes and outcomes. The focus is on describing contemporary EEG measures that reflect individual cognition and compare them to complementary measures in the field of psychology and management. The authors discuss how neurobiological measures of cognition relate to and may predict both individual cognitive performance and team cognitive performance (decision-making). This chapter aims to assist scholars in the field of managerial and organizational cognition in understanding the complementarity between psychological and neurophysiological methods, and how they may be combined to develop new hypotheses in the intersection of these research fields.

Purpose This paper aims to clarify under which conditions, and via what mechanisms, power asymmetry is likely to affect team learning. This work is part of a two-paper series. Part I presents the theoretical arguments linking power asymmetry to team learning via egalitarianism and the moderating role of environmental hardship. In Part II, the authors provide an empirical evaluation of the conceptual model presented in Part I. Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered on 4,637 military personnel nested in 143 ongoing teams. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the proposed moderated mediation model. The results show that under higher levels of environmental hardship, teams with higher power asymmetry (greater hierarchy) show greater team egalitarianism and higher team learning. Findings The results show that under higher levels of environmental hardship, teams with higher power asymmetry (greater hierarchy) show greater team egalitarianism and higher team learning. Research limitations/implications The empirical examination of the proposed relationships is based on a large sample of military teams in the real world. Future research would benefit from testing the model on different samples across industries and adopting different operationalizations for environmental hardship relevant to each industry. Originality/value This work provides insights to help practitioners to preserve the coordination benefits of hierarchy, while still promoting more egalitarianism and team learning in hierarchical teams.

This chapter provides an introduction to neurophysiological methods from the field ofcognitive neuroscience, and how they may be applied to address research questions in the field ofmanagerial and organisational cognition. The chapter focuses on electroencephalography (EEG)as an accessible and useful tool to expand the theoretical horizons for research on organisationalcognitive neuroscience. We briefly review the cognitive neuroscience methods that have beenpreviously applied to investigate individual and team decision-making and cognition. We thendescribe contemporary EEG measures that reflect individual cognition and compare them tocomplementary measures in the field of psychology and management. We also discuss how theseneurobiological measures of cognition relate to and may predict both individual cognitiveperformance and team cognitive performance (decision-making). This chapter aims to assistscholars in the field of managerial and organisational cognition in understanding thecomplementarity between psychological and neurophysiological methods, and how they may becombined to develop new hypotheses in the intersection of these research fields.

This Collection offers insights from twenty of Australia’s leader academics and thinkers into the survey results of 15,000 Australian rental households. The Collection draws on data from The Australian Rental Housing Conditions Dataset funded by the Australian Research Council in partnership with six Australian universities as well an additional AHURI funded COVID-19 module.