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ARBRE-MOBIEU served as the platform to initiate a new research collaboration between partners from Croatia, Czech, Hungary and Slovakia which led to a joint project funded by International Visegrad Fund. In the frame of the corresponding project, we examined algal cells’ responses to laboratory-induced cadmium stress, focusing on the biointerface and intracellular changes by employing a multimethod approach. The biointerface is characterized in terms of surface properties (cell stiffness) and adhesion dynamics on a single cell level. The intracellular response was examined in terms of the cells’ autonomous feature (autofluorescence) and protein expression obtained from the cell culture. The results show that in spite of very a high cadmium concentration and prolonged cell exposure, the cells grew without significant suppression of growth dynamics. Cell adaptation to cadmium stress is manifested through cell shape deterioration, slower motility and an increase of physiological activity. AFM measurements revealed that cells are significantly stiffer in the presence of cadmium, which influenced the dynamics of the initial contact of the cell at the interface. The difference in adhesion behaviour was determined to be two times slower for initial attachment and deformation, while rate-limiting steps referring to the spreading of released intracellular content are not significantly different in comparison with the control. There was no change in the endogenous fluorescence in the red region (associated with chlorophyll) but there was a change in the green region (possibly associated with cadmium vesicular transport and beta carotene production), which provides insight into the cells’ adaptation strategy to maintain photosynthesis. Specific responses of natural fluorescence of cells under the influence of cadmium are most likely associated with the identified chlorophyll a-b binding protein. It seems that another identified protein, carbonic anhydrase, plays role in the photosynthetic pathway. Since production of these proteins can be related to the maintenance of the photosynthesis representing one of the cell defence mechanisms, it may also indicate the presence of toxic metal in seawater. This multimethod study enabled us to better understand cell responses under laboratory-induced cadmium stress to predict the fate of algae in a marine environment. Our results will substantially contribute to the biophysics of algal cells on a fundamental level. References [1] N. Ivošević DeNardis, J. Pečar Ilić, I. Ružić, N. Novosel, T. Mišić Radić, A. Weber, D. Kasum, Z. Pavlinska, R. Katalin Balogh, B. Hajdu, A. Marček Chorvatova, B. Gyurcsik, Algal cell response to laboratory-induced cadmium stress: a multimethod approach, Eur. Biophys. J. 48, 2019, 231-248.

Blockchain was introduced in the White Paper written by Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008 and in a short time it found multiple applications in modern society. It is fundamental technology for almost all cryptocurrencies. Nowadays it is used in various areas, especially in the financial sector. If properly analysed, blockchain can be important source of information. This was motivation to start development of application which would represent blockchain data in a form suitable for statistical analysis. With this application, analysing blockchain data will be much easier. Also, application would provide synthesized data for various purposes. In this paper, blockchain data structure is described, statistical methods that could be applied in blockchain analysis are suggested, and design of application model is presented.

We examine the nanomechanical properties and adhesion dynamics of the marine, unicellular, green flagellate Dunaliella tertiolecta in laboratory culture. Mechanical properties of motile cells are hard to access while keeping cells viable, and studies to date are limited. Immobilization of negatively charged cells to a positively charged substrate enables high-resolution imaging and nanomechanical measurements. Cells in exponential phase possess a large cell volume as imaged by AFM, in agreement with the large amount of amperometrically measured displaced charge at the interface. Cells are stiffer and more hydrophobic in exponential than in the stationary phase. Differences in the critical interfacial tensions of adhesion of cells in exponential and stationary phase show the analogy with adhesion of hydrophobic droplets of organic liquids. Differences in the kinetics of adhesion and spreading of cells at the interface are attributed to their volume and nanomechanical properties that vary during cell aging. Cell mechanical properties could be considered as a marker for environmental stress in order to better understand viability and adaptation strategies of algal populations in aquatic systems.

The single cell-electrode interaction is relevant to fundamental biological processes involving cell adhesion, cell fusion, cell activity, and membrane response to environmental stress. Cell surface properties play important role for the adhesion study. Model unicellular green algae Dunaliella tertiolecta is known as „naked cell“ since it poses only cell membrane. Adhesion and spreading of a cell at a charged interface cause double layer charge displacement which is measured as a well defined amperometric signal in millisecond time scale. The signal denotes establishment of intimate membrane contact at the interface with subsequent cell spreading, followed by cell breakdown in a few milliseconds. Dynamics of the cell adhesion at the charged interface has been examined by application of the reaction kinetics model on the amperometric signal.1 Model enables to decouple and identify temporal evolution of the individual states. Results suggest that the major structural disruption of the cell membrane, collapse of cytoskeleton and leakage of intracellular material appear 0.1 ms after initial cell-electrode contact. Kinetics of spreading of organic film at the interface to its maximal extent is being considered as the rate determining step, which could be consequence of the attenuated effect of potential at the modified interface, stronger intermolecular interactions and reorganization of molecules in the film. A simple system of an isolated plasma membrane vesicle without internal content has been developed and characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Adhesion kinetics of the algal cell is slower than that of its plasma membrane vesicle. Our findings offer insight into the mechanism of cell adhesion and spreading at the charged interfaces. Reference 1. N. Ivošević DeNardis, J. Pečar Ilić, I. Ružić, G. Pletikapić, Cell adhesion and spreading at a charged interface: Insight into the mechanism using surface techniques and mathematical modelling. Electrochim. Acta 2015, 176, 743-754.

We are witnessing the rapid development of technologies that change the world around us. However, curriculums and teaching processes are often slow to adapt to the change; it takes time, money and expertise to implement technology in the classroom. Therefore, the University of Split, Croatia, partnered with local school Marko Marulić High School and created the project "Modern competence in modern high schools" as part of which five different curriculums for STEM areas were developed. One of the curriculums involves combining information technology with physics. The main idea was to teach students how to use different circuits and microcomputers to explore nature and physical phenomena. As a result, using electrical circuits, students are able to recreate in the classroom the phenomena that they observe every day in their environment. So far, high school students had very little opportunity to perform experiments independently, and especially, those physics experiment did not involve ICT. Therefore, this project has a great importance, because the students will finally get a chance to develop themselves in accordance to modern technologies. This paper presents some new methods of teaching physics that will help students to develop experimental skills through the study of deterministic nature of physical laws. Students will learn how to formulate hypotheses, model physical problems using the electronic circuits and evaluate their results. While doing that, they will also acquire useful problem solving skills., {"references":["Gorjana Karaman, prof., Mercedes Knežević, Maša Raljević, prof., Ninočka Knežević prof., Maja Antolić, prof. Višnja Banić, prof., Mirjana Boban, prof., Ojdana Barčot prof., Ivana Vuletić prof., Marina Podrug prof., Mr.sc. Roko Vladušić, dr.sc. Mirko Ruščić, Doc.dr.sc. Damir Kovačić, Prof. dr. sc. Livija Puljak, Prof. dr. sc. Ivica Grković, Mr.sc.Ana Bedalov prof., Jelena Slugan, mag. educ. math. et phys., Mr.sc.Ivica Ružić, ''Modern competences for modern gymnasium'', (Unpublished work style), unpublished.","Gorjana Karaman, prof., Mercedes Knežević, Maša Raljević, prof., Ninočka Knežević prof., Maja Antolić, prof. Višnja Banić, prof., Mirjana Boban, prof., Ojdana Barčot prof., Ivana Vuletić ,prof., Marina Podru\tprof., '' Microelectronics in Physics'', (Unpublished work style), unpublished.","http://www.akustika.hr/_download/repository/Korelacijska_metoda_mjerenja_udaljenosti_-_final.pdf, 20.05.2017.","http://blog.learnmor.com/post/157776623486/the-learning-pyramid, 28.06.2017.","Marc Prensky,'' Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants'', On the horizon 9.5,2001.","https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/Software, 20.05.2017."]}

The single cell-electrode interaction is relevant to fundamental biological processes involving cell adhesion, cell fusion, cell activity, and membrane response to environmental stress. We studied kinetics of adhesion and spreading of the algal cell and its plasma membrane vesicle to the charged mercury interface. Adhesion and spreading of a cell at a charged interface cause double layer charge displacement which is measured as a well defined amperometric signal in millisecond time scale. The signal denotes establishment of intimate membrane contact at the interface with subsequent cell spreading, followed by cell breakdown in a few milliseconds. Application of the reaction kinetics model enables calculation of kinetic parameters of the adhesion process from the signal, enabling to decouple and identify temporal evolution of the individual states. We demonstrate validity and pertinence of the reaction kinetics model in the wide range of surface charge densities. Adhesion kinetics of algal cell is slower than its plasma membrane vesicle. The model enables to associate individual states with various features of amperometric signal. At the time of current amplitude, ruptured state predominates and cell contact area is larger than contact area of the plasma membrane vesicle which contributes about one quarter to the cell contact area. These results suggest that the major structural disruption of the cell membrane, collapse of cytoskeleton and leakage of intracellular material could appear close to the time of current amplitude. Further, kinetics of spreading of organic film at the interface to its maximal extent is being considered as the rate determining step, which could be consequence of the attenuated effect of potential at the modified interface, stronger intermolecular interactions and reorganization of molecules in the film. Our findings offer insight into the mechanism of algal cell adhesion and spreading at the charged interfaces

Adhesion and spreading of algal cell at the charged interface causes double layer charge displacement which is measured as a well defined amperometric signal in millisecond time scale. The reaction kinetics model enables calculation of kinetic parameters of the adhesion process from the signal, enabling to decouple and identify temporal evolution of the individual states. We study kinetics of adhesion and spreading of algal cell and its plasma membrane vesicle at the charged interface. The simple system of isolated plasma membrane vesicle without internal content is developed and characterized by atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate validity and pertinence of the reaction kinetics model in the wide range of surface charge densities. Adhesion kinetics of algal cell is slower than its plasma membrane vesicle. The model enables to associate individual states with various features of amperometric signal. At the time of current amplitude, ruptured state predominates and cell contact area is larger than contact area of the plasma membrane vesicle which contributes about one quarter to the cell contact area. These results suggest that the major structural disruption of the cell membrane, collapse of cytoskeleton and leakage of intracellular material could appear close to the time of current amplitude. Further, kinetics of spreading of organic film at the interface to its maximal extent is being considered as the rate determining step, which could be consequence of the attenuated effect of potential at the modified interface, stronger intermolecular interactions and reorganization of molecules in the film. Our findings offer insight into the mechanism of algal cell adhesion and spreading at the charged interfaces, relevant for the electroporation based studies

In order to enable efficient management of inland navigation processes development of specialized information systems is needed, through the application of modern information and communication technology (ICT). For this purpose up to now individual European waterway and port authorities developed their own local information systems and databases. As a result of non-conformity of these databases, their integration on European level is confronted with serious problems (COMPRIS, 2003). One of the major problems is the lacking of a common used European unique identification number for inland barges. Due to this in some locally managed databases several different identification numbers are attributed to one and the same inland barge or a certain identification number is unknown. The same problem occurs in the communication between waterway authorities and from waterway to port authorities. Therefore, a unique identification number for all floating objects on European waterway should be introduced. At this moment there are only two official numbers for vessels. The first, IMO number, introduced in 1978, is only in use by maritime vessels. The second, OFS number (Official ship number) is used only for vessels that have a Rhine patent (issued by the CCNR). OFS number cannot be sufficient to cover all requirements related to RIS Directive 2005/44/EC and also to the amendment of Directive 82/714/EEC on technical requirements for inland navigation vessels in the enlarged European Union. The fact is that only 20% of ranges of codes is reserved for non-Rhine countries. A special Electronic Reporting International group (ERI) was appointed to formulate a new system for unique identification of inland vessels and also define a database model for vessel characteristics. The initial suggestion of ERI was to add one character in front of the OFS number in order to increase its coding capacity. The intention was to make least possible differences/modifications with regard to the system currently used under the regime of the Rhine Vessel Inspection Regulations in order to minimise administrative efforts of harmonisation. We as members of ERI group made a proposal for such a new identification number (so called ERN), which was discussed by ERI expert group taking into account input from Joint Working Group of CCNR and EC. In this paper we will describe our proposal to ERI, which was later slightly modified within a special ERI expert group.

U nastavi programerskih kolegija danas sve češće susrećemo primjenu raznih alata. Alat CodeAnywhere je danas vrlo raširen u svijetu programera. Omogućuje pisanje programskog koda neovisno o opremi, sve što je potrebno je imati internetski preglednik i napisano se pohranjuje u oblaku. Obzirom da su u računalnim laboratorijima napadi virusa vrlo rašireni te se javlja problem pohrane studentskih radova, tehnika pohranjivanja u oblaku je izuzetno interesantna. Zbog toga je odabir alata CodeAnywhere potencijalno dobro rješenje. U ovom radu je prikazana moguća uporaba CodeAnywherea s naglaskom na programerske kolegije. Prikazana su moguća rješenja i primjene na različitim kolegijima te je podan prijedlog primjene i na programerski nezahtjevnim kolegijima.

Izrada teoretskog poglavlja o tro-stepenom matematičkom modelu reakcijske kinetike adhezije pojedinačnih živih stanica D. tertiolecta na nabijenoj međufazi živina elektroda/elektrolit te metode za analizu amperometrijskih signala, prikaz rezultata izvršene analize nad eksperimentalnim podacima i diskusija. Definicija i razrada pojedinih faza metode koje su potrebne za automatiziranu računalnu obradu podataka, opis podešavanja ulaznih parametara, odabir matematičkog modela te testiranje koristeći originalne mjerene rezultate (suradnja: Jadranka Pečar-Ilić, Nadica Ivošević DeNardis).

Adhesion and spreading of living algal cell and its corresponding ghost membrane in suspension at the charged interface is explored with comprehensive surface techniques (i.e. amperometry and atomic force microscopy) and mathematical modelling. Kinetics of soft particle adhesion at the charged interface was not easy to access experimentally where completion of the whole process has been limited to the scale of the order of millisecond. The recorded amperometric signal of individual algal cell contains important information regarding dynamics of the corresponding process and reflecting collective surface properties of material itself. Reaction kinetics model enables determination of kinetics parameters from amperometric signal of the algal cell and reconstruction of individual states of adhesion process towards the final state formation [1]. Our results show the significant difference in kinetics of adhesion and spreading over the interface of intact algal cell and its ghost membrane. In the case of algal cell, the slower kinetics is associated with the release and spreading of intracellular material. The study of adhesion phenomena in single cell-electrode interaction is significant for relevant biological studies involving cell adhesion, cell fusion, cell activity and fundamental processes such as vesicular transport within and between cells. References [1] N. Ivošević DeNardis, I. Ružić, J. Pečar-Ilić, S. El Shawish, P. Ziherl (2012) Reaction kinetics and mechanical models of liposome adhesion at charged interface. Bioelectrochemistry 88:48–56.

Elektroničko učenje danas sve češće susrećemo u praktičnoj primjeni. Osim osnovne upotrebe multimedije i interneta u sklopu svakodnevnog formalnog obrazovanja, danas se putem sustava e-učenja omogućava i organizacija konferencija, kao i tzv. E-learning akademije, online obrazovanje zaposlenika u nekim tvrtkama te različiti komercijalni tečajevi. Današnje doba modernih tehnologija i globalizacije donosi brze promjene u svim aspektima ljudskog života. Svakim danom stvaraju se nove informacije, a opći razvoj kontinuirano zahtjeva nova znanja i vještine. Javlja se potreba za što bržim, pravovremenim obrazovanjem koje će istovremeno biti otvoreno i široko dostupno. Tako u sportu koji globalno postaje roba, obrazovanje postaje glavni čimbenik uspješnosti. U smislu toga, elektroničko učenje pridonosi protoku informacija diljem svijeta te prikupljanju znanja i vještina koje do sada nije bilo moguće ostvariti. U ronjenje koje spada u tehničku vrstu sportova i koje zahtjeva, kako praktična tako i teorijska znanja, za uspješno svladavanje materije i bavljenje ovim sportom, elektroničko učenje može imati svojih nedostataka pogotovo u praktičnom dijelu. Navedeno se odnosi na obrazovanje početnika gdje je praktični dio jako bitan, gdje se vježbe mogu vizualno prezentirati, ali se moraju odraditi zajedno s predavačem, prvenstveno iz sigurnosnih razloga, a također radi korekcije i što kvalitetnijeg savladavanja praktičnog dijela koje je temelj za samostalno ronjenje i polaganje ispita. U nadogradnji ronilačkog znanja elektroničko učenje može imati velikih prednosti. Isto tako pred nama se postavljaju zahtjevi što kvalitetnije izrade, pripreme i osmišljavanja nastavnih materijala te njihovo tehničko prezentiranje.

Materijali za predavanja (doktorska razina) koji obuhvaćaju EU/HR zakonodavni okvir upravljanja okolišem i zdravljem (EU zajednička inicijativa okoliš i zdravlje-HEAL, vrste okolišnog rizika, procjena i upravljanje okolišnim i zdrastvenim rizikom), interdisciplinarno područje Enviromatics, sustavi upravljanja okolišem, geoprostorne i Web tehnologije, te studijski primjer razvoja ICT sustava za prostorno-vremenski prikaz informacija o kakvoći okoliša.

U današnjem vremenu pristup informacijama mora biti brz i i jednostavan. Upravo to nas je motiviralo da razvijemo sustav koji bi bio centar svih podataka na fakultetu. Zbog veličine i ozbiljnosti ovakvog sustava potrebno je dobro razmisliti o arhitekturi te samoj tehnologiji koju bi taj sustav koristio. Rezultat tog razmišljanja je arhitektura koja stavlja sustav u ulogu servisa koji bi se vrtio na open source LAMP stacku. Sustav prima zahtjeve korisnika te mu vraća isključivo željene podatke bez razmišljanja o tome kako će se ti podaci prezentirati tom istom korisniku. Nakon što smo odlučili koju tehnologiju koristiti te kako je postaviti pojavio se problem samog koda. Ispred nas su se nalazila dva izbora: koristiti postojeći razvojni okvir otvorenog koda ili razviti vlastiti razvojni okvir. Iako bi odabir postojećeg razvojnog okvira ubrzao proces izrade i implementacije sustava na kraju smo ipak odlučili razviti vlastiti. Razlog je potpuna neovisnost te velika prilika za samorazvoj pojedinaca (studenata i profesora) koji bi sudjelovali u razvoju i održavanju tog istog okvira kao i samog sustava. Zahtijevali smo da okvir mora pratiti određene standarde stoga smo velik dio vremena posvetili upravo proučavanju standarda kako bi osigurali mogućnost lake implementacije vanjskih biblioteka u naš sustav, a da pri tome ne trebamo mijenjati niti jedan komadić koda. No, najzanimljiviji dio cijelog razvoja je bilo razmišljanje o problemu proširivosti sustava tj. kako omogućiti ostalim programerima brzo i lako povezivanje na sustav i razvoj novih dijelova tog sustava. Koristeći se nizom najnovijih razvojnih metoda te modernom filozofijom programiranja omogućili smo upravo tu proširivost, brzinu razvoja kao i mogućnost višekratne uporabe napisanog koda.

Često postoji potreba korištenja računala na lokacijama koje u potpunosti ne zadovoljavaju standardne uvjete okoline (temperatura, vlaga, nečistoće u zraku, udaljenost od ostalih uređaja, ...), a potrebna snaga računala nije kritična. Korištenjem mini računala (mini-ITX) bez mehaničkih pokretnih dijelova s instaliranim Linux operativnim sustavom koji koristi isključivo RAM memoriju za svoj rad, može se dobiti potpuno funkcionalno računalo, koje i u zahtjevnim uvjetima okoline nije potrebno posebno održavati. U ovom radu opisan je strojni i programski dio mini računala, te statistika rada 13 računala u četverogodišnjem razdoblju s 24/7/365 radnim režimom.

VHF DSC (Digital Selective Call) sustav Plovputa je dio Svjetskog pomorskog sustava za pogibelj i sigurnost (GMDSS) na moru. S obzirom da navedeni Sustav ima funkciju spašavanja ljudskih života i imovine na moru od iznimnog je značaja da Sustav ima što veću robustnost, raspoloživost i pouzdanost. Navedeni zahtjevi, su riješeni raspodijeljenom arhitekturom samog Sustava, ali i najvažnije, implementacijom zalihosne opreme poslužitelja na kojoj se nalaze poslužiteljski primjenski programi i baze podataka. U ovom radu je opisan način implementacije zalihosne opreme poslužitelja, statistička raspoloživost samog Sustava, te prijedlog poboljšanja istog.

Management of river navigation is a field of great economic importance, which is directly connected with environmental protection. It depends on hydrometeorological conditions and hydrological characteristics, and significantly influences the water quality within a navigable river basin. Timely information about momentary water levels is important for river traffic as well as for the protection against flooding at very high water levels. Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) is crucial for efficient water quality protection in Europe based on river basin management (EU Water Framework Directive, WFD) and for efficient inland waterborne transport management in Europe (River Information Services, EC RIS Directive). Development of complex systems, applications and services requires timely communication and information management between the European bodies responsible for both fields. Since 2003, the Croatian Government has made great efforts to enhance this kind of activities at national level and to support cooperation at pan- European level. We have actively participated in several European projects and working groups through the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) and the GIS Forum Danube for establishment of the Integrated European RIS Platform. Our research and development activities have included ICT applications to environmental protection and river navigation surveillance. The main focus was the development of specialized information systems, web applications for temporal and spatial presentations and services necessary to provide efficient management of complex data and processes in investigations of water quality, natural and anthropogenic pollution sources, risk assessment and particularly the influence of river navigation on the waterways. In this paper, the most significant ICT-based research activities concerning the Danube River Basin will be presented and discussed.

Liposomes are a classical experimental model for studies of mechanisms of cell adhesion. Liposomes displace the double-layer charge during adhesion and spreading at the mercury electrode/aqueous electrolyte interface. A transient flow of compensating current is recorded as a well-defined electrical adhesion signal 1. The adhesion signal traces the transformation of a single liposome into a film of finite surface area on the milisecond time scale. Recently, we have developed a methodology based on the mathematical model of a first-order kinetics of particle adhesion at an electrified liquid interface 2. Here, we show how to access the kinetic parameters of adhesion process from the amperometric measurements performed in liposome heterosuspension within a broad potential range. In order to increase the precision of data analysis, current and charge transients are combined. We also interpret the adhesion signal in terms of a mechanical model of liposome spreading including the release of the liposome contents. The model provides an insight into the behavior of the liposome during the various stages of adhesion process, their most interesting aspect being liposome rupture. References: [1] V. Svetličić, N. Ivošević, S. Kovač, V. Žutić ; Langmuir 2000, 16, 8217 [2] I. Ružić, J. Pečar-Ilić, N. Ivošević DeNardis ; J. Electroanal. Chem. 2010, 642, 120

The dynamics of interaction of single liposome with a charged mercury electrode strongly depends on the adhesion forces which can be potentiostatically controlled by surface charge density and by interfacial tension. Dynamics of adhesion is analysed through its amperometric signal using a reaction kinetics model and a mechanical model. We present analytical solutions of the reaction kinetics model for decoupling and identifying temporal evolution of three distinct states: i) the initial state corresponding to an intact liposome, ii) the intermediate state where the liposome is partly deformed, and iii) the final state of a lipid layer formation. The results obtained with this model indicate that all three states simultaneously evolve from the onset of the adhesion process. The new mechanical model provides a physical interpretation of the three states and emphasises the role of the forces involved in liposome adhesion process. The main conclusion is that the water content of the liposome is released through the pores formed in the membrane rather than through the channels parallel to the electrode. Both models reproduce the measurements well. By combining the predictions of the two models, we demonstrate how to associate various features of the amperometric signal with the states of an adhesion event, and how to capture geometry of spherical liposome at the electrode. The complementary information extracted from the two models is important for better understanding of the adhesion mechanisms of soft organic particles at charged interfaces. These results may well be useful in related biological studies involving cell adhesion, cell activity, and cell fusion.

The paper presents a new method of classification and computerized coding for signs and marking, which is based on the extension of signs and marking described in Annexes 7 and 8 of the European Code for Inland Waterways (CEVNI). Originally, the CEVNI classification of inland waterway signs and marking was not intended to be used for computerized coding. However, in Section I, Annex 7 to CEVNI, only the main signs are specified in such a way that they can be used directly for computerized coding. Their classification was extensively used within the European Standard Inland ECDIS, developed for creation of Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs). We have prepared a proposal for an improved classification of buoyage and marking of waterways and broad waterways from Sections II to IX, Annex 8 to CEVNI, which could also be used efficiently for computerized coding and information processing.

The paper gives a review of research and development activities of Croatia, where application of information and communication technologies significantly improves environmental information management and reporting. The most important ICT based research activities on several environmental projects either at the national or international level are presented and discussed. For example, some interesting results of the Adriatic Sea investigations are mentioned. Within the Environmental Programme for the Danube River Basin, Croatia contributes to efficient data management by developing Web GIS for the Transnational Monitoring Network. Major activities on implementation of river information services at the pan-European and national levels are also described. Specialized information system for surveillance of the Croatian segment of the Danube River enables temporal and spatial presentation of waterway data. Information system architecture, based on the Web-GIS-DBMS integration, is presented. The very important task of sharing environmental information is the responsibility of the Croatian Environment Agency. An integrated environmental information system has been recently developed by using modern information technologies and communication standards in line with the European requirements.

Izrađen je prijedlog kodiranja vodomjera na vodnom putu rijeke Dunav. Predloženo kodiranje vodomjera u skladu je sa uputama Svjetske meteorološkoe organizacije iz Ženeve (WMO - No. 306) i sa dokumentom Dunavske komisije iz Budimpešte od 1997. godine. Prihvaćen je naš prijedlog da se u ISRS kodu lokacije za vodomjere koristi polje za terminale i druge građevine na vodnom putu. Struktura tog polja za vodomjere je GNNNN, gdje je G oznaka za vodomjer a NNNN je numerički kod koji će se ujedno koristiti u AIS (Automatic Identification System) binarnim porukama o vodostajima u skladu sa europskim propisom No. 414, iz 2007.

Extension of coding CEVNI Signs and Marking enables their use in databases, GIS systems and Web applications for efficient maintenance of waterway information. The intention is to make a contribution to international data exchange for creation of standardised electronic messages described by ERI and NtS working groups. New codes proposed are presented in the MS Excel file CEVNIextendedCoding.xls within three different sheets: MainSignsAnnex7, BouyageLandMarksAnnex8 and AuxiliarySignsAnnex7. The table of codes is extended with the corresponding Dutch and Hunarian National Coding Systems.

This paper presents a new method of coding for signs and marking, which is based on the extension of signs and marking described in Annexes 7 and 8 of the European Code for Inland Waterways (CEVNI). Being members of three European expert groups, we have proposed these new codes of waterway signs and marking and recommend them for cases where they can be efficiently used. The main goal is to enable the use of these codes in databases, GIS systems and Web applications for efficient maintenance of waterway information. In addition, they will also contribute to international data exchange for creating standardised electronic messages described by ERI and NtS working groups. The intention is not to amend the existing coding from the Inland ECDIS Standard, which was developed for creation of Electronic Navigation Charts (ENCs). For example, the use of these new codes is tested through the Web GIS application for presentation of inland waterway signs and marking on the Danube River in Croatia. The application examples concern automatically generated reports on the position, characteristics and functioning of different waterway signs and river navigation marking located on the digital map.

Development of a method for coordinate system transformations, which can be used within GIS applications for en-vironmental information management, is described. Transformation of geographic (in degrees) into geodetic (in m) coordinates was investigated using the old Yugoslav coordinate system (still in use in the newly established states of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia) as source data, with precision of cm. To simplify the transformation procedure, the general polynomial coordinate transformation was used, organized in several steps. First, an equation of the third order for interpolation of northing coordinates along a central merid-ian, as a function of latitude, was developed using a central difference scheme. Using the results obtained in such a way equations of second and fourth orders were developed for calculation of the increase in northing and shifts of easting from false easting, as a function of longitude (for a distance of 2o from the central meridian) along the corre-sponding parallel. Interpolation by 1o resulted in errors up to 5 cm, while interpolation by 30' resulted in errors below 1 cm, which corresponds to the precision of original source data. Interpolation by 15' or less cannot further increase the accuracy. Quadratic terms (about 485m/o) are dominant in equations for the increase in northing and linear terms (about 80000m/o) are dominant in those for the shift in easting, while other terms are in the range of centimetres or less.

At the beginning of 2004, the International Navigation Association (PIANC) in cooperation with the Central Commission for the Navigation on the Rhine (CCNR) prepared the "Guidelines and Recommendations for RIS, Edition 2". The document was also supported by UNECE (TRANS/SC.3/165). In Annex 2 to this document, "Electronic Reporting in Inland Navigation", there are 17 classifications and code lists that have to be used. They are intended to be used to the highest possible extent in order to minimize interpreting work to be done by the receivers of messages. On the basis of these recommendations, object locations on a waterway could be determined using the following combination of codes: UN country code (ISO 3166-1), UN location code (UN/LOCODE), waterway section code, terminal code or any other construction important for inland navigation and, finally, the fairway section hectometre starting from the mouth of the river. The first two codes are well established worldwide and the corresponding list is maintained according to UN/CEFACT, Recommendation No. 28. Waterway section code is used in the European Inland ECDIS Standard, Section 2, Inland ECDIS Data Standard. Initially, the terminal code contained the short name of a terminal or simply a number. In addition, experts from the Netherlands introduced also codes for terminal types, types of structures on the waterway and location types. Later, numerical codes of the type of structure on the waterway were extended for the Operational Test Platform (OTP) within the Pan-European 5th Framework Project COMPRIS. In 2004, in the framework of the international working group ERI, experts from Austria described how the terminal code could be used also for determination of other structures along waterways. Similar needs for coding the type of structures on the waterway were recognised also by another international working group, NtS. Fairway section hectometre value fits well within the additional 5 character field for waterways navigable within a distance of thousands of kilometres from the river mouth. In this paper, we present our contribution to the development of coding the objects on waterways trying to increase the coding capacity, which may become critical if used all over Europe. In 2006, we initiated a discussion on codes for terminals and structures on the waterway within ERI, NtS and Inland ECDIS expert groups. A number of experts from the Netherlands, Austria, Croatia and Romania were consulted. The final proposal was compiled and the methods proposed are illustrated with examples of objects on the Danube River in Croatia and Hungary.

Opisana je struktura ISRS kodova lokacija i RIS indeksa na plovnim putovima. Izrađeni su kodovi lokacija na plovnim putovima za rijeke Dunav i Dravu. Razvijeni su kodovi vodnih putova i objekata smještenih na njima.Ovi kodovi neophodni su za jednoznačnu identifikaciju objekata u okviru razvoja baza podataka i informacijskih sustava u vezi RIS-a (Riječnih Informacijskih Servisa).

Definirani su minimalni podaci o trupu plovila neophodni za međunarodnu razmjenu. Određeni su kodovi ustanova nadležnih za plovidbu i kodovi dokumenta koje one izdaju. Objašnjeni su kodovi za vrste plovila u skladu s preporukama UNECE i EC tehničkom direktivom. Opisane su vrste plovila iz kataloga objekata i atributa Inland ECDIS standarda. Uspoređeni su međunarodni kodovi za vrste plovila s kategorijama koje se koriste u Hrvatskoj u okviru Upisnika plovila i Hrvatskog registra brodova.

Izrađen je pregled jedinstvenih identifikacijskih brojeva za plovila unutarnjih voda. Izrađen je prijedlog strukture ENI broja. Predložen je sustav za kodiranje prve znamenke ENI broja. Kodiranje ENI broja primjenjeno je za sliv rijeke Dunav. Izrađen je prijedlog kodiranja plovila u Hrvatskoj kako bi se omogućila izrada baze podataka o plovilima. Opisan je automatski identifikacijski sustav za odašiljače (ATIS). Izrađen je cjelovit popis kombinacija prve tri znamenke ENI broja za europske zemlje i članice UNECE. Opisana je struktura MMSI broja.

Započeta je izrada baze podataka o plovnom putu rijeke Dunav (D4D) i elektroničkog sustava priopćenja brodarstvu (NTS). Uveden je zajednički digitalni format za distribuciju priopćenja brodarstvu na europskoj razini. Razvijen je međunarodni standard za priopćenja brodarstvu. Razvijan je osnovni koncept distribuirane razmjene D4D podataka putem mreže. Na postojeću digitalnu kartu rijeke Drave od Rkm 3 do Rkm 32 dodali smo navigacijske oznake i pohranili ih u ćeliju 2H5DR003.000.

Radi sudjelovanja u transnacionalnoj razmjeni podataka potreban je konverter iz nacionalnog GIS sustava u D4D bazu podataka, software za upravljanje D4D bazama podataka i aplikacijski server. ENC konverter se može koristiti za pretvorbu podataka iz D4D baze podataka u Inland ENC. Izvršena je digitalizacija karata rijeke Drave u nacionalnom geodetskom sustavu od Rkm 32 do Rkm 70, koja je transformirana u ETRS'89 sustav i pohranjena u novoj ćeliji 2H5DR032.000. Izrađen je prevod Kataloga objekata i atributa na hrvatski jezik.

Započet je razvoj međunarodnog standarda za bazu podataka o plovnom putu rijeke Dunav D4D (Data warehouse for Danube waterway). U suradnji sa Europskim okvirnim programom istraživanja i razvoja COMPRIS izvršena je standardizacija i harmonizacija RIS sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj, a kroz suradnju s Europskim regionalnim projektom D4D (Data warehouse for Danube waterway) rađeno je na kompatibilnosti u prikupljanju podataka i zajedničkom pristupu takvim informacijama. Od posebnog značaja je izrada zajedničkog modela podataka i na njemu zasnovanog kataloga objekata i atributa.

Opisan je razvoj međunarodnih standarda za bazu podataka o plovnom putu rijeke Dunav D4D (Data warehouse for Danube waterway). U suradnji s evropskim okvirnim programom istraživanja i ravoja COMPRIS rađeno je na standardizaciji i harmonizaciji RIS (River Information Services) sustava u Republici Hrvatskoj. Kroz suradnju s evropskim regionalnim projektom D4D rađeno je na osiguranju kompatibilnosti u prikupljanju podataka i zajedničkom pristupu takvim informacijama.

The digital navigation map for the Croatian segment of the Danube River was created from the Danube Commission printed maps, which were geo-referenced using the Croatian national geodetic system and then transformed into geographic coordinates using the AutoCAD Map software. During the production of the navigation map, we discovered that the software used for the map production did not transform accurately Croatian national geodetic data into national and WGS-84 geographic coordinates. We designed a correction procedure, which could be efficiently used to obtain satisfactory results. We used the DAT_ABMO software tool for transformation of WGS-84 compatible ETRS coordinates into the new Croatian State Coordinate system (HDKS). Reverse calculations are inaccurate and cannot be used. Linear functions for determination of the differences between HDKS and European Terrestrial Reference System (ETRS) coordinates were used on the basis of 14 GPS control points, for which all coordinates had been measured (errors below 3 cm were obtained). In addition, we used the same procedure to reproduce the WGS-84 coordinates of two control points at the state border with Hungary. We compared them with the ones obtained earlier in Hungary. The accuracy of the Hungarian data is not known ; however, the differences obtained are small enough (about 60 cm) to produce accurate digital maps of the 1:1000 scales.

Within "GIS Forum Danube" Croatian delegates proposed the separation of attributes from the previous common Object Catalogue for the D4D project. In addition, the number of common attributes is significantly reduced without decreasing ability to describe individual objects within the catalogue. A new List of attribute acronyms is proposed consisting from six characters, harmonized with the existing European Inland ECDIS standard. This proposal is used for the preparation of the common Catalogue of attributes for D4D project.

Objectives of this report are to define the first version of the Croation Catalogue of the Ship Attributes and concept of the Croatian Inland Navigation Ship Registration Data Model. This catalogue is compared with those of other EU countries in order to arrive to a common catalogue of ship attributes and the corresponding concept of the common ship registration data model. They are compared and discused by special expert group for hull data and vessel identification number established by the Electronic Reporting International (ERI).

The aim of the Croatian national joint project as part of the CROatian River Infor-mation Services (CRORIS) is to develop a specialized information system for sur-veillance of the Croatian segment of the Danube River (i.e., River IS). In this paper, emphasis is placed on sharing relevant and timely information among different River IS user groups as well as on efficient data management provided by this in-formation system. For this purpose, a use case diagram of the Unified Modeling Language (UML) was created to represent the hierarchies of user groups and differ-ent applications accessed by a particular group. As an example, the Web application architecture for automatic generation of maps, diagrams and reports of water level data is shown. Application architecture is based on the three-tier client-server archi-tecture for the Web. The eXtensible Markup Language (XML) based approach using modern object technologies was applied. For presentation of the time series dia-grams, the Scalable Vector Graphic (SVG) documents were created. The concrete application example involves presentation of daily average water level data in the form of the time series diagram for the monitoring station selected on the map.

Safety of inland navigation requires efficient remote processing of automatically measured hydrological and meteorological data and their display on visible devices along the fairway. A pilot project was initiated in which large electronic LED displays will be installed at bridges on Danube river in Croatia. Data from automatic water gauges will be prepared on the Web server as an XML document and extracted with additional important alarm messages into text files for transmission to remote displays. Wireless communication is performed using GSM modems or simple GPRS mobile phones. Screen capture of information displayed can be received by a remote Control Station as a raw JPG files.

Izrada digitalnih navigacijskih karata rijeke Dunav

Izrada digitalnih navigacijskih karata rijeke Dunav

Izrada digitalnih navigacijskih karata rijeke Dunav

Izrada digitalnih navigacijskih karata rijeke Dunav

Hrvatski model podataka za informacijski sustav unutarnje plovidbe (CROFIS), III. Dio, Usporedba sa međunarodnim stnadardom ECDIS (IHO S-57) i europskim standardom Inland ECDIS, Prijedlog Ver. 1.0 za Ministarstvo pomorstva prometa i veza - Uprava unutarnje plovidbe

Razvoj sustava za kontrolu navigacijskih oznaka na plovnom putu rijeke Dunav. Prva privremena situacija za Ministarstvo pomorstva prometa i veza - Uprava unutarnje plovidbe