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1. Jaguar (Panthera onca) population density and landscape connectivity in a deforestation hotspot: The Paraguayan Dry Chaco as a case study

Author

Jeffrey J. Thompson, Marianela Velilla, Hugo Cabral, Nicolás Cantero, Viviana Rojas Bonzi, Evelyn Britez, Juan M. Campos Krauer, Roy T. McBride, Jr., Rodrigo Ayala, and José Luis Cartes

Subjects
Chaco, Connectivity, Density, Jaguar, Paraguay, Spatial capture-recapture, Ecology, QH540-549.5, General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution, QH1-199.5
Abstract

The distribution of the jaguar has decreased by approximately 50% with its conservation highly dependent upon its persistence and mobility in anthropogenic landscapes. Consequently, understanding the effects of land use on jaguar populations and their connectivity is a necessary precursor for effective conservation of the species. We simultaneously estimated jaguar density and landscape connectivity in the ranching landscape of the Dry Chaco of western Paraguay, a deforestation hotspot, as a function of proportional forest area using spatial capture-recapture modeling. Using camera trap sampling at four sites along a deforestation gradient of 17%–51% area deforested, we estimated densities of 0.44–1.6 individuals/100 km2, whereby densities and connectivity from the more deforested sites were significantly lower than those from the less deforested sites. Our results warrant concern for the long-term viability of jaguar in the Paraguayan Dry Chaco, highlighting the need for the effective implementation of existing national laws and management plans for the conservation of the jaguar and its habitat. Furthermore, we showed the importance of accounting for landscape heterogeneity typical of anthropogenic landscapes in the conservation of the jaguar, suggesting results from protected areas may be generating unrepresentative inferences for jaguars in general, while indicating the need to place a greater research emphasis on anthropogenic landscapes to meet range-wide conservation goals for the jaguar.

Published
2022
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2. Panthers and Forests in South Florida: an Ecological Perspective

Author

E. Jane Comiskey, Oron L. Bass, Jr., Louis J. Gross, Roy T. McBride, and Rene Salinas

Subjects
Felis concolor coryi, Florida panther, Puma concolor coryi, forested habitat, endangered species, fractal analysis, habitat selection, home range, landscape conservation, telemetry, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract

The endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) survives in an area of pronounced habitat diversity in southern Florida, occupying extensive home ranges that encompass a mosaic of habitats. Twenty-one years of daytime monitoring via radiotelemetry have provided substantial but incomplete information about panther ecology, mainly because this method fails to capture movement and habitat use between dusk and dawn, when panthers are most active. Broad characterizations of panther habitat suitability have nonetheless been derived from telemetry-based habitat selection studies, focusing narrowly on forests where daytime resting sites are often located. The resulting forest-centered view of panthers attributed their restricted distribution and absence of population growth in the mid-1990s to a scarcity of unfragmented forest for expansion. However, the panther population has doubled since the beginning of genetic restoration in 1995, increasing five-fold in public areas described as unsuitable based on forest criteria. Although the forest-centered view no longer explains panther distribution, it continues to shape management decisions and habitat conservation policies. The assumptions and limitations of this view therefore merit critical examination. We analyze the role of forests in the ecology of the Florida panther. To address the absence of nighttime telemetry data, we use innovative telemetry mapping techniques and incorporate information from field observations indicating habitat use during active hours (e.g., tracks, scats, urine markers, and kill sites). We consider daytime telemetry data in the context of panther home ranges and breeding units. We analyze home range size in relation to the amount of forest within each range, concluding that percent forest cover is a poor predictor of size. We apply fractal analysis techniques to characterize the relative density of forest cover associated with daytime locations and interpret the results in terms of spatial landscape patterns, highlighting the limitations of daytime telemetry data for characterizing overall habitat use. We conclude that the forest-centered view of panther habitat selection is based on an uncritical evaluation of telemetry data collected prior to the recent population expansion and on the unsupported assumption that day bed habitats are representative of nighttime habitat use. We find that numerous factors contribute to habitat suitability and population density and distribution, and that P. concolor in Florida, as elsewhere in their range, are habitat generalists, exploiting the broad spectrum of available habitats for hunting, resting, mating, travel, denning, and dispersal. Whereas panthers readily use forested habitat with understory and prey, we find no support for the view that only the forested land within a habitat mosaic is potential panther habitat, or for the contention that only forested habitats are used by panthers within existing home ranges. We suggest a more ecologically consistent management and recovery paradigm based on maintaining the integrity of the system of overlapping home ranges that characterizes panther social structure and satisfies breeding requirements. Such a paradigm focuses on the requirements for reproductive success of a small population in a changing environment.

Published
2002
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3. The search behavior of terrestrial mammals

Author

Michael J. Noonan, Ricardo Martinez-Garcia, Christen H. Fleming, Benjamin Garcia De Figueiredo, Abdullahi H. Ali, Nina Attias, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer, Dominique Berteaux, Laura R. Bidner, Randall Boone, Stan Boutin, Jorge Brito, Michael Brown, Andrew Carter, Armando Castellanos, Francisco X. Castellanos, Colter Chitwood, Siobhan Darlington, J. Antonio de la Torre, Jasja Dekker, Chris DePerno, Amanda Droghini, Mohammad Farhadinia, Julian Fennessy, Claudia Fichtel, Adam Ford, Ryan Gill, Jacob R. Goheen, Luiz Gustavo R. Oliveira-Santos, Mark Hebblewhite, Karen E. Hodges, Lynne A. Isbell, René Janssen, Peter Kappeler, Roland Kays, Petra Kaczensky, Matthew Kauffman, Scott LaPoint, Marcus Alan Lashley, Peter Leimgruber, Andrew Little, David W. Macdonald, Symon Masiaine, Roy T McBride, E. Patricia Medici, Katherine Mertes, Chris Moorman, Ronaldo G. Morato, Guilherme Mourão, Thomas Mueller, Eric W. Neilson, Jennifer Pastorini, Bruce D. Patterson, Javier Pereira, Tyler R. Petroelje, Katie Piecora, R. John Power, Janet Rachlow, Dustin H. Ranglack, David Roshier, Kirk Safford, Dawn M Scott, Robert Serrouya, Melissa Songer, Nucharin Songsasen, Jared Stabach, Jenna Stacy-Dawes, Morgan B. Swingen, Jeffrey Thompson, Marlee A. Tucker, Marianella Velilla, Richard W. Yarnell, Julie Young, William F. Fagan, and Justin M. Calabrese

Abstract

SummaryAnimals moving through landscapes need to strike a balance between finding sufficient resources to grow and reproduce while minimizing encounters with predators1,2. Because encounter rates are determined by the average distance over which directed motion persists1,3–5, this trade-off should be apparent in individuals’ movement. Using GPS data from 1,396 individuals across 62 species of terrestrial mammals, we show how predators maintained directed motion ~7 times longer than for similarly-sized prey, revealing how prey species must trade off search efficiency against predator encounter rates. Individual search strategies were also modulated by resource abundance, with prey species forced to risk higher predator encounter rates when resources were scarce. These findings highlight the interplay between encounter rates and resource availability in shaping broad patterns mammalian movement strategies.

Published
2023
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4. Evaluating the performance of conservation translocations in large carnivores across the world

Author

Seth Thomas, Vincent van der Merwe, William Douglas Carvalho, Cristina Harumi Adania, Rok Černe, Tomislav Gomerčić, Miha Krofel, Jeffrey Thompson, Roy T. McBride, Jose Hernandez-Blanco, Anna Yachmennikova, David W. Macdonald, and Mohammad S. Farhadinia

Subjects
reinforcement, ohranjanje narave, ecological restoration, ponovna naselitev, conservation translocation, ecological restoration, reintroduction, large carnivores, rewilding, reinforcement, rewilding, ohranjanje narave, ponovna naselitev, ekološka obnova, velike zveri, ekološka obnova, large carnivores, velike zveri, udc:630*15, udc:630*1, conservation translocation, reintroduction, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Globally, fragmented landscapes and other anthropogenic pressures are causing declines in large carnivore populations. Conservation organizations are working to counteract these trends through the translocations of large carnivores, for example by reintroducing them to their historic ranges or by reinforcing existing populations to promote gene flow and resilience. This study analyses a dataset gathered from 33 translocation projects involving 297 individual animals across 22 countries in five continents, with 18 different large carnivore (>15 kg) species surveyed. An overall success rate (survival > six months) of 66 % for all individuals was shown for large carnivores, indicating an above average success rate when compared to the translocation of other terrestrial vertebrates. While captive-born individuals still fared worse than wild-born individuals, a 32 % increase in success rates was observed for releases of captive-born individuals within the last 14 years compared to a 17 % increase in success for releases of wild-born individuals. Despite the encouraging trends in metrics of success, only 37 % of study individuals were observed engaging in reproductive behavior. While this is likely an under-count, we caution against the conflation of translocation success with population establishment. We also identified key choices in the decision tree facing those implementing translocations, and analyzed associated metrics of success. Critical decisions include whether or not to use soft-releases, choosing younger animals, selecting unfenced release locations, and sourcing wild-born individuals – all of which can lead to a higher likelihood of success. As the UN Decade of Ecosystem Restoration gets underway, we hope this information can assist decision makers and practitioners in achieving more desirable outcomes for conservation translocation of large carnivores. Bibliografija: str. 8-9.

Published
2023

5. Environmental and anthropogenic factors synergistically affect space use of jaguars

Author

Verónica Andrea Quiroga, Octavio Monroy-Vilchis, George V. N. Powell, Marina M. Carvalho, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Joares A. May Júnior, Marina Xavier da Silva, Milton Cezar Ribeiro, Mario Haberfeld, Leanes Cruz da Silva, Gediendson Ribeiro de Araujo, Howard Quigley, Carolina Sáenz-Bolaños, Fernando Cesar Cascelli de Azevedo, Selma Samiko Miyazaki, Agustin Paviolo, J. Antonio de la Torre, Bernardo Brandão Niebuhr, Emiliano Esterci Ramalho, Louise Maranhão, Yamil Edgardo Di Blanco, Fernando R. Tortato, Allison L. Devlin, Samia E. Carrillo-Percastegui, Júlia Emi de Faria Oshima, Henrique Villas Boas Concone, Leonardo Sartorello, Alexandre Vogliotti, Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes, Juan Pablo Arrabal, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Sebastián Andrés Costa, Victor Montalvo, Alan E. de Barros, Leandro Silveira, Isabel Hagnauer, Dênis A. Sana, Fernando Lima, Rodrigo A. Medellín, Juan Carlos Cruz, Peter G. Crawshaw, Laury Cullen, Luis Diego Alfaro, Ezequiel Vanderhoeven, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Ron Thompson, Esteban Payán, Ivonne Cassaigne, Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek, Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes, Giselle Bastos Alves, Lucas Leuzinger, Roy T. McBride, Lilian Elaine Rampim, Vanesa Bejarano Alegre, Anah Tereza de Almeida Jácomo, Eduardo Carrillo, Paula Cruz, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Mathias W. Tobler, Parque Ecológico Asunción Verde, Insituto Saite, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidad Nacional de Misiones and CONICET, Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico, Bioconciencia A.C., University of Nottingham Malaysia, IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas, Estancia Faro Moro, Instituto Onça Pintada, Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá, Rua Ferreira de Araújo, Panthera, Instituto SOS Pantanal, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Ciudad Universitaria, Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, University of Massachusetts, Col. Centro C.P., Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Primero Conservation, Namá Conservation, Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza, Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu, Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Fazenda Barranco Alto, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Instituto de Defesa e Preservação dos Felídeos Brasileiros, SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry, University of Montana, Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Wildlife Protection Solutions, Institute for Conservation Research, Universidade Federal de São João del Rei, Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal IDEA, Ministerio de Salud de la Nación, and Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás do Brasil

Subjects
Male, Conservation of Natural Resources, Neotropics, Jaguar, AKDE, Home range, Population, Biome, home range, landscape factors, Spatial Behavior, Motor Activity, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, biology.animal, Animals, Panthera, Carnivore, education, Ecosystem, jaguar, Apex predator, education.field_of_study, Panthera onca, Ecology, biology, carnivore, Anthropogenic Effects, telemetry, speed, Habitat, movement ecology, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T07:58:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-09 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas WWF International Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Large terrestrial carnivores have undergone some of the largest population declines and range reductions of any species, which is of concern as they can have large effects on ecosystem dynamics and function.1–4 The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the apex predator throughout the majority of the Neotropics; however, its distribution has been reduced by >50% and it survives in increasingly isolated populations.5 Consequently, the range-wide management of the jaguar depends upon maintaining core populations connected through multi-national, transboundary cooperation, which requires understanding the movement ecology and space use of jaguars throughout their range.6–8 Using GPS telemetry data for 111 jaguars from 13 ecoregions within the four biomes that constitute the majority of jaguar habitat, we examined the landscape-level environmental and anthropogenic factors related to jaguar home range size and movement parameters. Home range size decreased with increasing net productivity and forest cover and increased with increasing road density. Speed decreased with increasing forest cover with no sexual differences, while males had more directional movements, but tortuosity in movements was not related to any landscape factors. We demonstrated a synergistic relationship between landscape-scale environmental and anthropogenic factors and jaguars’ spatial needs, which has applications to the conservation strategy for the species throughout the Neotropics. Using large-scale collaboration, we overcame limitations from small sample sizes typical in large carnivore research to provide a mechanism to evaluate habitat quality for jaguars and an inferential modeling framework adaptable to the conservation of other large terrestrial carnivores. Asociación Guyra Paraguay and CONACYT Parque Ecológico Asunción Verde Insituto Saite Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC Instituto Pró-Carnívoros Department of Animal Nutrition and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321 Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones and CONICET Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya Bioconciencia A.C. School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Faro Moro Eco Research Estancia Faro Moro Departamento de Boquerón Instituto Onça Pintada Estacao Ecológica Taiamã Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Associação Onçafari Rua Ferreira de Araújo, 221, Cj.14, Sala 4, Pinheiros Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor Instituto SOS Pantanal, R. Gutemberg, 328 Centro Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and CONACyT Ciudad Universitaria Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts, Amherst Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Instituto Literario 100 Col. Centro C.P. Instituto de Biologia Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos LEMA Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Primero Conservation, Box 1588 Namá Conservation Rescate Animal Zooave Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza, Apdo Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Instituto Onças do Rio Negro Fazenda Barranco Alto Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa Instituto de Defesa e Preservação dos Felídeos Brasileiros SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry Wildlife Biology Program W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina Wildlife Protection Solutions, 2501 Welton Street San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road Universidade Federal de São João del Rei Departamento de Ciências Naturais Laboratório de Ecologia Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada Universidade de São Paulo ESALQ/CENA Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Centro de Zoología Aplicada Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal IDEA Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical ANLIS Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás do Brasil Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC FAPESP: 2014/24921-0 FAPESP: 2018/13037–3 FAPESP: 2018/24891-5

Published
2021
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6. Habitat loss and overhunting synergistically drive the extirpation of jaguars from the Gran Chaco

Author

Andrew J. Noss, Mariana Altrichter, Anthony J. Giordano, Alfredo Romero-Muñoz, Roy T. McBride, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Verónica Andrea Quiroga, Marianela Velilla, Ricardo Torres, Matthias Baumann, Rosario Arispe, and Tobias Kuemmerle

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Jaguar, LARGE CARNIVORES, RETALIATION HUNTING, Wildlife, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ciencias Biológicas, Ecoregion, biology.animal, Land use, land-use change and forestry, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Poaching, Panthera onca, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS, SOURCE/SINK HABITATS, PROTECTED AREAS, Fishery, RESOURCE DETERIORATION, Habitat destruction, Geography, PERSECUTION, Habitat, HUMAN–WILDLIFE CONFLICTS, POACHING, LAND USE CHANGE, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Conservación de la Biodiversidad
Abstract

Understanding how habitat loss and overhunting impact large carnivores is important for broad-scale conservation planning. We aimed to assess how these threats interacted to affect jaguar habitat (Panthera onca) between 1985–2013 in the Gran Chaco, a deforestation hotspot. Location: Gran Chaco ecoregion in Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia. Methods: We modelled jaguar habitat change from 1985–2013 using a time-calibrated species distribution model that uses all occurrence data available for that period. We modelled habitat as a function of resource availability and hunting threats, which allowed us to separate core (high resource availability and low hunting threat), refuge (low resources but safe), attractive sink (high resources but risky) and sink (low resources and risky) habitat for 1985, 2000 and 2013. Results: Jaguar core areas contracted by 33% (82,400 km 2 ) from 1985–2013, mainly due to an expansion of hunting threats. Sink and attractive sink habitat covered 58% of the jaguar range in 2013 and most confirmed jaguar kill sites occurred in these areas. Furthermore, habitat loss and hunting threats co-occurred in 29% of jaguars’ range in 2013. Hunting threats also deteriorated core areas within protected areas, but 95% of all core areas loss occurred outside protected lands. About 68% of the remaining core areas in 2013 remained unprotected, mostly close to international borders. Main conclusions: Our study highlights the synergistic effects that habitat loss and hunting threats exert on large carnivores, even inside protected areas, emphasizing the need to consider the geography of threats in conservation planning. Our results also point to the importance of areas along international borders as havens for wildlife and thus the urgent need for cross-border planning to prevent the imminent extinction of jaguars from the Chaco. Opportunities lie in reducing jaguar mortality over the widespread attractive sinks, particularly in corridors connecting core areas. Fil: Romero-Muñoz, Alfredo. Humboldt-universitat Zu Berlin. Geography Department.; Alemania Fil: Torres, Ricardo Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Museo de Zoología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Noss, Andrew. University of Florida; Estados Unidos Fil: Giordano, Anthony J.. University of California at Los Angeles; Estados Unidos. Society for the Preservation of Endangered Carnivores and their International Ecological Study; Estados Unidos Fil: Quiroga, Verónica Andrea. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal; Argentina Fil: Thompson, Jeffrey. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí­a; Paraguay Fil: Baumann, Matthias. Humboldt-universitat Zu Berlin. Geography Department.; Alemania Fil: Altrichter, Mariana. Prescott College. Department Of Environmental Studies; Estados Unidos Fil: McBride, Roy. Faro Moro Eco Research. Departamento de Boquerón; Paraguay Fil: Velilla, Marianela. Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí­a; Paraguay Fil: Arispe, Rosario. Museo de Historia Natural Noel Kempff Mercado; Bolivia Fil: Kuemmerle, Tobias. Humboldt-universitat Zu Berlin. Geography Department.; Alemania

Published
2019
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7. Jaguar movement database: a GPS-based movement dataset of an apex predator in the Neotropics

Author

Alexandre Martins Costa Lopes, Leanes Cruz Dda Silva, Ron Thompson, Daniel Luis Zanella Kantek, Juan Pablo Arrabal, Leandro Silveira, Dênis A. Sana, Luiz D. Alfaro, Leonardo Sartorello, Ivonne Cassaigne, Ronaldo Gonçalves Morato, Agustin Paviolo, Marina M. Carvalho, Marcela Figuerêdo Duarte Moraes, Peter G. Crawshaw, Juan Carlos Cruz, Giselle Bastos Alves, Fernando Cesar Cascelli de Azevedo, Ezequiel Vanderhoeven, Thadeu D. C. Pereira, Natália Mundim Tôrres, Allison L. Devlin, Cynthia Elisa Widmer, Alexandre Vogliotti, Xavier Marina da Silva, Paula Cruz, Jeffrey J. Thompson, Octavio Monroy-Vilchis, Joares A. May, Selma Samiko Miyazaki, Fernando Lima, Rafael Hoogesteijn, Louise Maranhão, Eduardo Carrillo, Jesús Antonio de la Torre, Anah T. Jacomo, Victor Montalvo, Henrique Villas Boas Concone, Howard Quigley, Rodrigo A. Medellín, Laury Cullen, Verónica Andrea Quiroga, Yamil Edgardo Di Blanco, Rogério Cunha de Paula, Sebastián Andrés Costa, Fernando R. Tortato, Isabel Hagnauer, Milton Cezar Ribeiro, Mario Haberfeld, Lilian Rampin, Roy T. McBride, Gediendson Ribeiro de Araujo, Emiliano Esterci Ramalho, Carolina Saens-Bolanos, Lucas Leuzinger, Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, Inst Conservacao Carnivoros Neotropicais, Asociac Guyra Paraguay, CONACYT, Univ Nacl Misiones, Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Asoc Civil Ctr Invest Bosque Atlantico, Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, CONACyT, IPE, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Faro Moro Eco Res, Inst Onca Pintada, Inst Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamiraua, Projeto Oncafari, Univ Nacl Costa Rica, Univ Massachusetts, Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU), Primero Conservat, Projeto Carnivoros Iguacu, Univ Fed Integracao Latinoamer, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), Fazenda Barranco Alto, Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), Inst Def & Preservacao Felideos Brasileiros, Panthera, SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Univ Sul Santa Catarina, Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Minist Salud Nacion, and Inst Pesquisa & Conservacao Tamanduas Brasil

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Male, Jaguar, Range (biology), Ecology (disciplines), Movement, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, GPS radio-collars, biology.animal, Animals, Humans, Panthera, Carnivore, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Apex predator, Panthera onca, biology, Ecology, behavior, business.industry, Environmental resource management, conservation, habitat use, landscape, 010601 ecology, Geography, Assisted GPS, movement ecology, Female, business
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:54:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-07-01 The field of movement ecology has rapidly grown during the last decade, with important advancements in tracking devices and analytical tools that have provided unprecedented insights into where, when, and why species move across a landscape. Although there has been an increasing emphasis on making animal movement data publicly available, there has also been a conspicuous dearth in the availability of such data on large carnivores. Globally, large predators are of conservation concern. However, due to their secretive behavior and low densities, obtaining movement data on apex predators is expensive and logistically challenging. Consequently, the relatively small sample sizes typical of large carnivore movement studies may limit insights into the ecology and behavior of these elusive predators. The aim of this initiative is to make available to the conservation-scientific community a dataset of 134,690 locations of jaguars (Panthera onca) collected from 117 individuals (54 males and 63 females) tracked by GPS technology. Individual jaguars were monitored in five different range countries representing a large portion of the species' distribution. This dataset may be used to answer a variety of ecological questions including but not limited to: improved models of connectivity from local to continental scales; the use of natural or human-modified landscapes by jaguars; movement behavior of jaguars in regions not represented in this dataset; intraspecific interactions; and predator-prey interactions. In making our dataset publicly available, we hope to motivate other research groups to do the same in the near future. Specifically, we aim to help inform a better understanding of jaguar movement ecology with applications towards effective decision making and maximizing long-term conservation efforts for this ecologically important species. There are no costs, copyright, or proprietary restrictions associated with this data set. When using this data set, please cite this article to recognize the effort involved in gathering and collating the data and the willingness of the authors to make it publicly available. Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, Ctr Nacl Pesquisa & Conservacao Mamiferos Carnivo, BR-12952011 Atibaia, SP, Brazil Inst Conservacao Carnivoros Neotropicais, BR-12945010 Atibaia, SP, Brazil Asociac Guyra Paraguay, Parque Ecol Asuncion Verde, Asuncion 1101, Paraguay CONACYT, Parque Ecol Asuncion Verde, Asuncion 1101, Paraguay Univ Nacl Misiones, Inst Biol Subtrop, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Asoc Civil Ctr Invest Bosque Atlantico, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ecol, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04318, DF, Mexico CONACyT, Ciudad Univ, Mexico City 04318, DF, Mexico IPE, BR-12960000 Nazare Paulista, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, LEEC, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Faro Moro Eco Res, Dept Boqueron, Asuncion 9490, Paraguay Inst Onca Pintada, CP 193, BR-75830000 Mineiros, Go, Brazil Inst Chico Mendes Conservacao Biodiversidade, Estacao Ecol Taiama, BR-78200000 Caceres, MT, Brazil Inst Desenvolvimento Sustentavel Mamiraua, BR-69553225 Tefe, AM, Brazil Projeto Oncafari, BR-05428000 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Nacl Costa Rica, Inst Int Manejo & Conservac Vida Silvestre, Heredia 13503000, Costa Rica Univ Massachusetts, Dept Environm Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA Univ Autonoma Estado Mexico, Ctr Invest Ciencias Biol Aplicadas, Inst Literario 100, Toluca 50000, Estado De Mexic, Mexico Univ Fed Uberlandia, Inst Biol, BR-38408100 Uberlandia, MG, Brazil Primero Conservat, Box 16106, Portal, AZ 85632 USA Univ Nacl Costa Rica, Escuela Med Vet, Hosp Especies Menores & Silvestres, Heredia 863000, Costa Rica Projeto Carnivoros Iguacu, BR-85851970 Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil Univ Fed Integracao Latinoamer, Inst Latinoamer Ciencias Vida & Nat, BR-85851970 Foz Do Iguacu, PR, Brazil Univ Fed Mato Grosso do Sul, Fac Med Vet & Zootecnia, BR-79070900 Campo Grande, MS, Brazil Fazenda Barranco Alto, Projeto Oncas Rio Negro, BR-79208000 Aquidauana, MS, Brazil Univ Fed Vicosa, Dept Med Vet, BR-36570 Vicosa, MG, Brazil Inst Def & Preservacao Felideos Brasileiros, BR-72960000 Corumba De Goias, Go, Brazil Panthera, 8 West 40th St,18th Floor, New York, NY 10018 USA Univ Fed Mato Grosso, Programa Posgrad Ecol & Conservacao Biodiversidad, BR-78060900 Cuiaba, MT, Brazil SUNY Coll Environm Sci & Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210 USA Univ Sul Santa Catarina, BR-88704900 Tubarao, SC, Brazil Univ Fed Sao Joao del Rei, Dept Ciencias Nat, BR-36301160 Sao Joao Del Rei, MG, Brazil Univ Sao Paulo, ESALQ CENA, Programa Posgrad Interunidades Ecol Aplicada, Lab Ecol Manejo & Conservacao Fauna Silvestre, BR-13418900 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil Minist Salud Nacion, Inst Med Trop, RA-3370 Puerto Iguazu, Misiones, Argentina Inst Pesquisa & Conservacao Tamanduas Brasil, BR-64200025 Parnaiba, PI, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, LEEC, Dept Ecol, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

Published
2018

8. Space use and movement of jaguar (Panthera onca) in western Paraguay

Author

Roy T. McBride and Jeffrey J. Thompson

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, biology, Jaguar, business.industry, Ecology, Range (biology), 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Home range, Resource distribution, Panthera onca, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Geography, Productivity (ecology), biology.animal, Animal Science and Zoology, Livestock, Ecosystem, Physical geography, business, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

We present the first estimates of home range and core area size for jaguar (Panthera onca) in western Paraguay in the Dry Chaco, Humid Chaco and Pantanal. Using an autocorrelated kernel density estimator we estimated mean home range sizes of 818 km2 (95% CI:425-1981) in the Dry Chaco and 237 km2 (95% CI:90-427) in the Humid Chaco/Pantanal. The home range estimates for the Dry Chaco are the largest recorded for jaguar. Core areas, defined as the home range area where use was equal to expected use, was consistent across sexes and systems on average represented by the 59% utility distribution isopleth (range:56-64%). Males had a higher probability of larger home ranges and more directional and greater daily movements than females collectively and within systems. The large home ranges in the Dry Chaco are attributable to the relatively low productivity of that semi-arid ecosystem and high heterogeneity in resource distribution while the larger than expected home ranges in the Humid Chaco/Pantanal compared to home range estimates from the Brazilian Pantanal may be due to differences in geomorphology and hydrological cycle. Known mortality of study jaguars from persecution was high (~75%) and consequently we do not rule out the possibility that the observed large home ranges are partially a function of reduced densities. The large home ranges of jaguars in western Paraguay and a low proportional area of protected areas in the region demonstrate the importance of private ranchland for the long-term conservation of the species which, given the high mortality from persecution, highlight a crucial need to incorporate the livestock production sector in conservation decision making, including region-wide efforts to mitigate jaguar-livestock conflict.

Published
2017
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