Environmental and anthropogenic factors synergistically affect space use of jaguars

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No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-08-09 Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas WWF International Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Large terrestrial carnivores have undergone some of the largest population declines and range reductions of any species, which is of concern as they can have large effects on ecosystem dynamics and function.1–4 The jaguar (Panthera onca) is the apex predator throughout the majority of the Neotropics; however, its distribution has been reduced by >50% and it survives in increasingly isolated populations.5 Consequently, the range-wide management of the jaguar depends upon maintaining core populations connected through multi-national, transboundary cooperation, which requires understanding the movement ecology and space use of jaguars throughout their range.6–8 Using GPS telemetry data for 111 jaguars from 13 ecoregions within the four biomes that constitute the majority of jaguar habitat, we examined the landscape-level environmental and anthropogenic factors related to jaguar home range size and movement parameters. Home range size decreased with increasing net productivity and forest cover and increased with increasing road density. Speed decreased with increasing forest cover with no sexual differences, while males had more directional movements, but tortuosity in movements was not related to any landscape factors. We demonstrated a synergistic relationship between landscape-scale environmental and anthropogenic factors and jaguars’ spatial needs, which has applications to the conservation strategy for the species throughout the Neotropics. Using large-scale collaboration, we overcame limitations from small sample sizes typical in large carnivore research to provide a mechanism to evaluate habitat quality for jaguars and an inferential modeling framework adaptable to the conservation of other large terrestrial carnivores. Asociación Guyra Paraguay and CONACYT Parque Ecológico Asunción Verde Insituto Saite Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Mamíferos Carnívoros Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC Instituto Pró-Carnívoros Department of Animal Nutrition and Management Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Ecologia Universidade de São Paulo Cidade Universitária, Rua do Matão, Trav. 14, no. 321 Instituto de Biología Subtropical Universidad Nacional de Misiones and CONICET Asociación Civil Centro de Investigaciones del Bosque Atlántico Programa Jaguares de la Selva Maya Bioconciencia A.C. School of Environmental and Geographical Sciences University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga IPÊ-Instituto de Pesquisas Ecológicas Faro Moro Eco Research Estancia Faro Moro Departamento de Boquerón Instituto Onça Pintada Estacao Ecológica Taiamã Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá Associação Onçafari Rua Ferreira de Araújo, 221, Cj.14, Sala 4, Pinheiros Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor Instituto SOS Pantanal, R. Gutemberg, 328 Centro Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia Animal Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Instituto de Ecología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México and CONACyT Ciudad Universitaria Instituto Internacional en Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica Department of Environmental Conservation University of Massachusetts, Amherst Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Aplicadas Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México Instituto Literario 100 Col. Centro C.P. Instituto de Biologia Laboratório de Ecologia de Mamíferos LEMA Universidade Federal de Uberlândia Primero Conservation, Box 1588 Namá Conservation Rescate Animal Zooave Fundación Restauración de la Naturaleza, Apdo Projeto Carnívoros do Iguaçu Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Instituto Onças do Rio Negro Fazenda Barranco Alto Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Viçosa Instituto de Defesa e Preservação dos Felídeos Brasileiros SUNY College of Environmental Science & Forestry Wildlife Biology Program W.A. Franke College of Forestry & Conservation University of Montana Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina Wildlife Protection Solutions, 2501 Welton Street San Diego Zoo Global Institute for Conservation Research, 15600 San Pasqual Valley Road Universidade Federal de São João del Rei Departamento de Ciências Naturais Laboratório de Ecologia Manejo e Conservação de Fauna Silvestre Programa de Pós-Graduação Interunidades em Ecologia Aplicada Universidade de São Paulo ESALQ/CENA Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales Centro de Zoología Aplicada Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas CONICET Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal IDEA Instituto Nacional de Medicina Tropical ANLIS Ministerio de Salud de la Nación Instituto de Pesquisa e Conservação de Tamanduás do Brasil Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP Departamento de Biodiversidade Laboratório de Ecologia Espacial e Conservação LEEC FAPESP: 2014/24921-0 FAPESP: 2018/13037–3 FAPESP: 2018/24891-5