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The article presents a case study of a 33-year-old man with a history of severe atopic dermatitis (AD) who had developed erythema and scalp scaling linked to accelerated hair loss. Examination showed diffuse alopecia of the scalp, epidermal hyperplasia with interpapillary crest elongation, spongiosis with lymphocyte exocytosis, parakeratosis, and isolated apoptotic cells. The patient continued to use dupilumab and topical mometasone 0.1% which improved the erythema and started hair regrowth.

Introduction: Although the diagnosis of tinea capitis is mainly microbiological, the risk of evolution towards cicatricial alopecia in the most severe cases requires empirical treatment based on physical examination and complementary examinations., Methods: Two patients were evaluated by physical examination, cutaneous ultrasound and microbiological examination., Results: Ultrasound showed follicular widening and increased vascularization in Doppler mode. In one of them, the finding of severe inflammatory activity led to the indication of oral corticotherapy., Discussion: Cutaneous ultrasound could play a role not only in supporting the clinical diagnosis but that it may even guide the indication of treatment in the presence of severe inflammation that sometimes may not manifest itself clinically., Conclusion: Cutaneous ultrasound may constitute an additional test of considerable usefulness in the diagnosis and evaluation of inflammatory activity in cases such as the ones presented, fast, non-invasive and of high accessibility., Competing Interests: None declared., (© 2024 Australasian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine.)

Abstract: Self-healing juvenile cutaneous mucinosis is a rare entity, characterized by the presence of subcutaneous nodules together with frequent nonspecific systemic symptoms, which occurs in the pediatric age and characteristically resolves spontaneously. Although the diagnostic criteria do not require a biopsy to be performed, it is frequently performed, and an abundant dermal mucin deposition will be observed together with other features such as fibroblastic proliferation. Although the prognosis is benign, follow-up is required for the eventual development of a rheumatologic disease.We present 2 clinical cases, describing the clinical findings and their histopathologic correlation. Comparatively, the outcome in both cases was different: in one case, the mucinosis resolved without any related event in the follow-up, and in the other case, the resolution was accompanied by the subsequent development of idiopathic juvenile arthritis., Competing Interests: The author declares no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Subcutaneous nodules are a rare adverse event following immunization frequently associated with suboptimal injection procedures and aluminium-containing vaccines. We present three cases of subcutaneous nodules following immunization describing their clinical signs, histopathological features and ultrasound findings and demonstrating the use of sonography as an aid to the diagnosis of this entity., (© 2021. Società Italiana di Ultrasonologia in Medicina e Biologia (SIUMB).)

Atopic dermatitis predisposes to skin infections, and on the other hand, some therapies used for atopic dermatitis may worsen viral infections whose lesions may be more diffuse and resistant to treatment. The authors present a patient with severe atopic dermatitis and disseminated molluscum contagiosum infection. The molluscum contagiosum did not clear with topical treatment, and it worsened her atopic dermatitis even more, so the authors started treatment with dupilumab. After two months, the patient's dermatitis went into clinical remission and there was resolution of the infection with no recurrence at the 12-month follow-up. Dupilumab is nowadays a promising treatment for severe atopic dermatitis. To our knowledge, only four reports of molluscum contagiosum during dupilumab therapy have been reported in the literature, with contrasting effects. According to the authors' experience, treatment with dupilumab appears to be a safe alternative for patients with severe atopic dermatitis who are also infected with molluscum contagiosum, as opposed to other treatments such as systemic corticosteroids or cyclosporine., (Copyright © 2022 Sociedade Brasileira de Dermatologia. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)