Search

Abstract Juçara fruit (Euterpe edulis Martius) is rich in nutrients and antioxidant compounds, a potential ingredient to meet consumer demands for beers with bioactive potential. In this study, different concentrations (10, 20, and 40%) of juçara fruit pulp were added during the brewing steps (mash, fermentation, and maturation). Physicochemical parameters (carbohydrate profile, real extract, pH, alcohol content, glycerol, and color), total phenolic content, and scavenging effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH) radical were evaluated during the brewing process and in the beers produced. The sugars, real extract, pH, ethanol, and glycerol did not vary significantly between beers produced with different juçara concentrations. Juçara beers had an average alcohol content of 3.6% (w/v) and a pH of 4.43. The color varied between 3.2 and 16 Standard Reference Method depending on the fruit pulp concentration and the step in which it was added. The addition of juçara fruit pulp increased the total phenolic content (49.57-80.17 mg of gallic acid equivalent 100 mL-1) and the antioxidant effect on DPPH (1785-3971 mmol ascorbic acid equivalent 100 mL-1) in the beers, especially when added in the final production stages. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the beer produced with 20% of juçara fruit pulp added at maturation presented the best results and suggested that this fruit has enormous potential for use in the brewing process, promoting an increase in the bioactive compounds.

Research background. Sorbate and benzoate are important preservatives in food products, but these compounds can also have genotoxic effects, causing health risks to consumers. In this regard, this study aims to determine the mass fractions of sorbate and benzoate in Brazilian samples of mustard, ketchup and tomato sauce using an adequately validated sub-minute capillary electrophoresis method. Experimental approach. In this study, sorbate and benzoate were evaluated in sauce samples by capillary electrophoresis using a simple sample preparation procedure. Previously, the method was validated according to Eurachem guidelines, and its greenness was assessed by Eco-Scale. Results and conclusions. The fitness for purpose of the method, as well as its suitability for the analysis of the studied matrices and its agreement with the principles of green chemistry were checked and confirmed. Also, according to our findings, among the 30 commercial samples assessed, six of them presented some mislabeling or non-compliance with European or Brazilian legislation, reinforcing the constant need for quality assessment and surveillance of food products. Novelty and scientific contribution. So far, there have been few studies related to investigating the preservatives such as sorbate and benzoate in mustard, ketchup and tomato sauce, highlighting the significance and contribution of the obtained results to the knowledge in the field.

The anti-inflammatory effect of bracatinga (Mimosa scabrella Bentham) honeydew honeys was evaluated by considering the modulation of inflammatory mediators in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Both tested bracatinga honeydew honey samples (BHH1 and BHH2) reduced the nitric oxide secretion as well as the inflammatory mediators: tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, interleukin-12p70, interferon-gamma and interleukin-10. The phenolic compounds 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, rutin, luteolin, and naringenin were found in BHH1 whereas only syringic acid was quantified in BHH2. Interestingly, 3 µg mL−1 of BHH1 provided a more significant anti-inflammatory effect than 30 µg mL−1 of BHH2, which seems to be strongly related to the presence of phenolic compounds, considering the differences in anti-inflammatory potential between the samples. This study confirmed for the first time that the bracatinga honeydew honey plays an important role as a functional food, suggesting its application for the auxiliary treatment of inflammatory disorders.

The dataset showed in this manuscript belongs to the investigation of the Southern-Brazilian geopropolis of stingless bees. Stingless bees are native species of insects from tropical areas; they produce honey, pollen and geopropolis that is composed of a mix of vegetal extracts, digestive enzymes, and mostly by soil. Used in folk medicine as antiseptic, antioxidant and antimicrobial agent, the composition is due to bee species, climate changes, local flora, and soil type. Moreover, the complex chemical content gives to the geopropolis a bioactive potential, with scavenging characteristics that is important to avoid free radical damages in the human health.Regarding the importance of exploring new natural matrices sources with bioactive potential, the first approach of chemical characterization of geopropolis is indispensable. Thus, ten samples of Southern-Brazilian geopropolis were analyzed and the bioactive responses obtained were discussed in the accompanying article titled “Southern-Brazilian geopropolis: A potential source of polyphenolic compounds and assessment of mineral composition”. Furthermore, the physicochemical analysis of moisture and ash content, the yield of extraction, the reducing activity and free radical scavenging potential of ethanolic extracts, the antimicrobial activity, and the analysis of HPLC-ESI-MS/MS chromatograms are the main data presented in brief. The data can guide scientists in order to know methods and data for these samples. Keywords: Stingless bess propolis, Melipona mondury, Melipona quadrifasciata, Melipona scutellaris, Melipona seminigra, Tetragonisca angustula, Antimicrobial potential, Chemical characterization

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of juçara juice on oxidative stress biomarkers and fatigue in a high-intensity interval training (HIIT) session. Fifteen physically active men were assigned to drink 250 mL of juçara juice or water (control) 1 h before exercise. Blood samples were collected 1 h prior to exercise, immediately post exercise, and 1 h post exercise. From the relative average changes, a decrease in oxidative stress index was observed immediately post exercise (P = 0.020) and an increase in reduced glutathione 1 h post exercise (P = 0.044) in the juçara juice intake group in relation to the control. Juçara juice intake also promoted increases in plasma total phenols (P = 0.020), and uric acid (P = 0.001) over time. Moreover, individuals who consumed juçara juice presented lower fatigue compared to the control (P

The nutritional properties of juçara fruit are similar to those of açaí fruit, rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant potential. This cross-over study evaluated the effects of the acute consumption of juçara juice in eleven healthy volunteers. Blood samples were collected before and 1, 2, and 4 h after juice or water (control) intake to measure the ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP), uric acid, reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and lipid hydroperoxides (LH). Repeated measures analysis of variance verified that the treatment increased the FRAP (p = 0.02) and the enzymatic activity of GPx (p = 0.02). In addition, there was a significant treatment–time interaction, and a decrease in LH (p = 0.02) was observed over time after the ingestion of juçara juice. Based on these results, further studies should be carried out to evaluate the clinical effects of juçara juice consumption, particularly regarding its antioxidant potential in humans.

Pitaya peel can be used as a raw material for betalains extraction. The aim of this research was to quantify phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity and betalains on pitaya peel. Furthermore, evaluate the betalains stability against various pH conditions and exposure time of heating. The results showed that pitaya peel contains phenolic compounds and presented antioxidant activity. Moreover it showed high concentration of betalains (101.04mg equivalent to betanin. 100g-1) which were stable over a wide pH range (3.2 - 7.0) and were resistant to heating (100oC) up to 10 minutes at pH range from 3.7 to 5.5. Therefore, pitaya peel is a promising source of betalains which can be applied as a natural colorant for food.

The total phenolic and condensed tannin contents of different Pecan kernel cake extracts (ether, acetone, alcohol and distilled water) were estimated and their antioxidant activities were evaluated through ABTS, DPPH and ß-carotene/linoleic acid systems. Color variations of the Pecan kernel cake were determined through an instrumental analysis using the CIE Lab system. Significantly higher levels (p < 0.05) of total phenolics, condensed tannins and antioxidant activity measured through the ABTS and DPPH (30 min and 24 h) systems were observed for the acetone extract (16.4 mg GAE/g; 31.2 mg CE/g; 235.3 μmol TEAC/g and 68.6 and 100.3 mg TEAC/g, respectively). The oxidation inhibition percentage in the ß-carotene/linoleic acid system varied from 37.9 to 93.1%, with the acetone extract at 300 ppm showing significantly superior results. The samples with the greatest tendency to show red tones presented the highest levels of condensed tannins.

The nutritional composition of Pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) C. Koch] shells and the total phenolic and condensed tannin contents of Pecan nut shell infusion were determined and the antioxidant activity of the infusion was evaluated through ABTS, DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid systems. The shell presented high fiber content (48% ± 0.06), the total phenolic content ranged from 116 to 167 mg GAE/g and the condensed tannin content was between 35 and 48 mg CE/g. The antioxidant activity varied from 1112 and 1763 μmol TEAC/g in the ABTS system. In the DPPH method, the antioxidant activity was from 305 to 488 mg TEAC/g (30 minutes reaction) and from 482 to 683 mg TEAC/g (24 h reaction). The oxidation inhibition percentage obtained in the β-carotene/linoleic acid system varied from 70 to 96%. The results indicated the high phenolic content and antioxidant activity of Pecan nut shell infusion.

Physalis peruviana (physalis) é uma fruta exótica com produção crescente no Brasil, havendo poucos trabalhos científicos realizados sobre a mesma. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o potencial antioxidante da fruta physalis e seu perfil de ácidos fenólicos. Foram determinados o conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos através do método Folin-Ciocalteau e a atividade antioxidante através do método ABTS (2,2´azino-bis-3-etilbenzotiazolin 6-ácido sulfônico) em diferentes extratos. O perfil de ácidos fenólicos presentes em diferentes frações na fruta também foi determinado. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais obtido para o extrato metanólico foi de 57,9 mg GAE 100g-1 fruta fresca e a atividade antioxidante de 31 μMol g-1. Foram encontrados 10 ácidos fenólicos nas três frações avaliadas, predominando os ácidos salicílico e protocatequínico. A fração de ácidos fenólicos esterificados solúveis apresentou maior conteúdo de fenólicos totais (346,1 mg 100g-1) refletindo na maior atividade antioxidante, expressa como valor TEAC (185,3 μMol 100g-1). Os resultados obtidos mostraram alto conteúdo de fenólicos totais e considerável atividade antioxidante para o fruto physalis, comparáveis a diversas outras frutas tradicionalmente consumidas no Brasil. Assim, o fruto physalis pode ser considerado uma boa fonte de compostos antioxidantes naturais.

The concentration of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols and anthocyanins, and the antioxidant activity in apples (Malus domestica Borkh) seem to differ with cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and the part of the fruit. In this work, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured in the flesh, whole fruit and peel from apple cultivars Fuji, Epagri COOP24 and Epagri F5P283 cultivated in Southern Brazil. Total phenolic content assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavanol by modified p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, anthocyanin content by pH differential method and antioxidant activity measured using ABTS assay. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s test and correlation analysis were performed. Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh. In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins. Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel. These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.La concentración de compuestos polifenoles, como flavanoles y antocianinas, y la actividad antioxidante en manzanas (Malus domestica Borkh) parecen diferir con la cultivar, etapa de madurez, condiciones ambientales y la parte de la fruta. En este trabajo, el contenido de fenoles, flavanoles y antocianinas totales y la actividad antioxidante fueron medidos en fruta entera, pulpa y cáscara de las cultivares de manzana Fuji, Epagri COOP24 y Epagri F5P283 cultivadas en el sur de Brasil. El contenido de fenoles totales se midió con el método Folin-Ciocalteu, flavanoles con el método modificado p-dimetilaminocinamaldehido, antocianinas con el método de diferencia de pH y actividad antioxidante fue medida aplicando el método ABTS. Se realizó análisis de varianza de un factor, prueba de Tukey y análisis de correlación. Dentro de cada cultivar, el contenido de fenoles, flavanoles y antocianinas totales y la actividad antioxidante fueron más alto en las cáscaras, seguidas por la fruta entera y pulpa. En la cáscara, en la fruta entera y pulpa, manzana Epagri F5P283 presentó el contenido de fenoles totales y actividad antioxidante total más alto, mientras que la Epagri COOP24 presentó valores más alto de flavanoles y antocianinas. El contenido de fenoles totales fue asociado positivamente a actividad antioxidante total en la pulpa, fruta entera y cáscara. Estos resultados demuestran que los compuestos polifenoles tienen una contribución significativa a la actividad antioxidante total, los cuales varían considerablemente de acuerdo al de la parte de la fruta y cultivar de manzana analizada.

The present work aimed to investigate the antioxidant properties of byproducts derived from wine production. The varieties of PINOT GRIS and COUDERC 13 grapes, collected in Videira-SC, were analyzed as natural sources of polyphenols and other prophylactic agents (antioxidants) for application in food and phytochemical industries. The biomass used for extracts was ground and dried in different temperatures (45oC, 60oC e 80oC), using acetone 80% as solvent. The phenolic compounds were quantitatively evaluated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the results expressed in mg/100g of Gallic acid. For the flavonoids analysis, it was applied DMACA (p- Dimethylaminocinnamaldehye) method and the results were expressed in equivalent mg of catechin/100g sample. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by spectrophotometric method through the discoloration of ABTS•+ radical (2,2'-azino-bis[3- ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]) with potassium persulphate and by DPPH method, which is based on the reduction of DPPH• radical absorbance by antioxidant substances; the results were expressed in TEAC (antioxidant activity equivalent to Trolox) and VCEAC (antioxidant activity equivalent to vitamin C). It was observed a better antioxidant activity on extracts obtained from PINOT GRIS grapes, in which the 45 oC dried extracts presented a higher number of phenolic compounds and flavonoids, as well as a better antioxidant activity in both varieties. These information become useful for phenolic compounds identifying and for a possible using of these extracts as a secure additive in food industry.Este trabalho propõe uma investigação do potencial antioxidante do resíduo no processamento de uvas das variedades COUDERC 13 e PINOT GRIS, ambas coletadas em Videira-SC, como fonte natural de polifenóis e outros agentes profiláticos (antioxidantes) para aplicação nas indústrias alimentícia e de fitoterápicos. A biomassa utilizada para obtenção dos extratos foi triturada e seca a diferentes temperaturas (45oC, 60oC e 80oC), utilizando como solvente acetona 80%. Os compostos fenólicos foram avaliados quantitativamente pelo método colorimétrico de Folin-Ciocalteu e os resultados expressos em mg/100g equivalente de ácido gálico. Para a determinação de flavanóis totais foi aplicado o método DMACA (pdimetilaminocinmaldeido) e os resultados foram expressos em equivalente a mg de catequina/100g de amostra. A atividade antioxidante total (AAT) foi avaliada pelo método espectrofotométrico através da descoloração do radical ABTS•+ (2,2-azinobis - [3-etil-benzotiazolin-6-ácido sulfônico]) com persulfato de potássio, e pelo método DPPH (2,2- Difenil-1- picrilhidrazil), que tem como base a redução da absorbância do radical DPPH· por antioxidantes. Os resultados foram expressos em TEAC (atividade antioxidante equivalente ao Trolox) e VCEAC (atividade antioxidante equivalente à vitamina C). Observou-se uma melhor atividade antioxidante nos bagaços de uva PINOT GRIS, sendo que os extratos secos a 45oC foram os que apresentaram um teor mais elevado de compostos fenólicos e de flavonóis totais, assim como uma melhor atividade antioxidante para ambas as variedades de uvas. Estas informações se tornam úteis pela identificação dos compostos fenólicos, e para que este resíduo seja possivelmente utilizado como aditivo seguro na indústria de alimentos.

The present work aimed the study of phenolic acids composition in apple pomace of Gala and Fuji cultivars. Phenolic acids were fractionated in phenolic acids, esterified and insoluble and analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Sixteen phenolic acids were identified in apple pomace samples. Total phenolic acids in apple pomace from Gala and Fuji cultivars were, in dry weight, 93.94 mg/ g and 68.38 mg/g, respectively. Content of free phenolic acids in apple pomace from Gala cultivar was 29.11 mg/g and the following acids were identified: salicylic, protocatequinic, quinic, p-coumaric, gallic, propylgallate and synapic. Content of free phenolic acids in apple pomace from Fuji cultivar was 16.03 mg/g and the following acids were identified: salicylic, protocatequinic, gallic, ferulic and sinapic. Salicylic was the predominant free phenolic acids found in both cultivars, consisting of 91.67% and 63.57% of the free phenolic acids in Gala and Fuji cultivars, respectively. Chlorogenic acid (1.147 mg/g) was found only in apple pomace from Fuji cultivar. Content of esterified phenolic acids in apple pomace from Gala and Fuji cultivars were 53.75 mg/g and 48.29 mg/g, respectively. It was verified that the predominant esterified phenolic acid in pomace from apple Gala is derived from salicylic acid (52.76 mg/g). Acids derived from gallic acid (0.175 mg/g), propylgallate acid (0.198 mg/g), ferulic acid (0.159 mg/g) and sinapic acid (0.140 mg/g) were also found in Gala cultivar. Regarding to pomace from cultivar Fuji, the main esterified phenolic acid found is also derived from salicylic acid (47.42 mg/g) followed by gallic acid (0.270 mg/g), benzoic acid (0.194 mg/g) and sinapic acid (0.115 mg/g). Content of insoluble phenolic acids in apple pomace from Gala and Fugi cultivars were, in dry weight, 11.08 mg/g and 4.05 mg/g, respectively. Insoluble phenolic acids derived from salicylic acid were found in higher concentrations in apple pomace from both cultivars.O trabalho visou estudo da composição dos ácidos fenólicos de bagaço de maçã dos cultivares Gala e Fuji. Os ácidos fenólicos foram fracionados em ácidos fenólicos, esterificados e insolúveis e analisados por cromatografia a gás e espectrometria de massa (CG-MS). Foram identificados dezesseis ácidos fenólicos nas amostras de bagaço de maçã. Os teores de ácidos fenólicos totais nos bagaços de maçã dos cultivares Gala e Fuji foram respectivamente 93,94 e 68,38 mg/g (massa seca). O conteúdo de ácidos fenólicos livres no bagaço de maçã Gala foi 29,11 mg/g, sendo identificados os ácidos salicílico, protocatequínico, quínico, p-cumárico, gálico, propilgalato, sináptico. O teor de ácidos fenólicos livres no bagaço de maçã Fuji foi 16,03 mg/g, sendo identificados cinco (salicílico, protocatequínico, gálico, ferúlico, sináptico). O ácido salicílico foi o ácido fenólico livre predominante nas amostras de bagaço de maçã Gala e Fuji, constituindo 91,67% e 63,57% dos ácidos fenólicos livres, respectivamente. O ácido clorogênico (1,147 mg/g) foi encontrado somente no bagaço de maçã Fuji. Os teores de ácidos fenólicos esterificados do bagaço de maçã Gala e Fuji foram 53,75 e 48,29 mg/g, respectivamente. Verificou-se que o ácido fenólico esterificado predominante no bagaço de maçã Gala é derivado do ácido salicilico (52,76 mg/g) sendo também encontrado derivados de ácido gálico (0,175 mg/g), propilgalato (0,198 mg/g), ferúlico (0,159 mg/g) e sináptico (0,140 mg/g). No bagaço de maçã Fuji, o ácido fenólico esterificado encontrado em maior quantidade também é derivado do ácido salicílico (47,42 mg/g), seguido do acido gálico (0,270 mg/g), ácido benzóico (0,194 mg/g) e ácido sinaptico (0,115 mg/g). Os teores de ácidos fenólicos insolúveis nos bagaços de maçã Gala e Fuji foram respectivamente 11,08 e 4,05 mg/g (massa seca). Os ácidos fenólicos insolúveis derivados de ácido salicílico foram encontrados em maior quantidade nos bagaços de maçã de ambos cultivares.

A produção de uvas no Brasil está localizada nas regiões Sul, Sudeste e Nordeste. Constitui-se em atividade consolidada, com importância socioeconômica, principalmente nos Estados do Rio Grande do Sul e de Santa Catarina, os quais respondem por 97% da produção nacional de vinhos. A uva Isabel é uma das principais cultivares de Vitis labrusca, e a Niágara Rosada, resultado da mutação somática ocorrida na uva Niágara Branca (Vitis labrusca L. x Vitis vinifera L.). São destaques como uvas de mesa comuns, sendo variedades rústicas e, portanto, menos exigentes. O desenvolvimento do trabalho foi feito com o objetivo de determinar conteúdo total de compostos fenólicos, utilizando acetona como solvente em diferentes concentrações, a determinação da atividade antioxidante, do teor de antocianinas totais, flavanóis nos extratos da casca das uvas de mesa Niágara Rosada e Isabel. Os resultados médios do teor de fenólicos totais no extrato acetona 75% foi de 1.026,69 a 1.242,78 mg GAE/100g de peso seco nas cultivares Isabel e Niágara , respectivamente. A atividade antioxidante avaliada apresentou valores de 89,22 e 157,31 µmol TEAC/g de amostra com o método ABTS e de 197,00 e 189,82 µmol TEAC/g de amostra no método DPPH para as cultivares Isabel e Niágara. A quantidade de antocianinas foi baixa comparada com outros frutos. Os valores de polifenóis refletem-se nos valores de TEAC, e observa-se uma correlação positiva entre a média do conteúdo de polifenóis totais com a média dos valores TEAC, o que se pode atribuir aos compostos fitoquímicos presentes nas cascas.Grape production in Brazil is located in the South, Southeast and Northeast regions. It is a consolidated activity of great social and economical importance mainly in Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina states. These states are responsible for 97% of national wine production. Isabel grape is one of the main varieties of Vitis labrusca and Niagara Rosada is resulted from a somatic mutation in Niagara Branca grape (Vitis labrusca L. x Vitis vinifera L.). These varieties are well established as table grapes being rustier than others. This work intends to determine the total phenolic compounds content, by using acetone as solvent in different concentrations as well as the antioxidant activity, anthocyanins content, flavonoids in skin of Niagara Rosada and Isabel grapes. The results for total phenolic content in 75% acetone extract ranged, in average, from 1026.69 to 1242.78 mg GAE/100g of dry weight in Isabel and Niagara varieties, respectively. Antioxidant activity presented values of 89.22 and 157.31 µmol TEAC/g of sample with ABTS method and of 197.00 and 189.82 µmol TEAC/g of sample with DPPH method for Isabel and Niagara varieties, respectively. Anthocyanins content was low when compared to other fruits. TEAC values depended on polyphenols values and it was observed a positive correlation among averages of total polyphenol content and TEAC values, indicating a strong influence. This can be probably due to the phytochemical compounds present in grape skins.

Nos últimos anos, muito interesse tem sido focado no potencial biotecnológico das microalgas, principalmente devido à identificação de diversas substâncias sintetizadas por estes organismos. A imensa biodiversidade e conseqüente variabilidade na composição bioquímica da biomassa obtida das culturas microalgais, aliadas ao emprego de melhoramento genético e ao estabelecimento de tecnologia de cultivo em grande escala, vêm permitindo que determinadas espécies sejam comercialmente utilizadas. Nesse sentido, cultivos de microalgas têm sido realizados visando à produção de biomassa tanto para uso na elaboração de alimentos quanto para a obtenção de compostos naturais com alto valor no mercado mundial. Dentre os inúmeros compostos extraídos, ou com potencial de exploração comercial, podem ser relacionados ácidos graxos poliinsaturados, carotenóides, ficobilinas, polissacarídeos, vitaminas, esteróis e diversos compostos bioativos naturais (antioxidantes, redutores do colesterol etc.), os quais podem ser empregados especialmente no desenvolvimento de alimentos funcionais, por suas propriedades nutricionais e farmacêuticas.In recent years, much interest has been focused on the biotechnological potential of microalgae, mainly due the identification of several substances synthesized by these organisms. The great biodiversity and consequent variability in the biochemical composition of the biomass obtained from the microalgal cultures, allied to the genetic improvement and to the establishment of technology in massive production, have allowed various species to be commercially cultivated. In this sense, microalgae cultivations have been developed aiming at the biomass production not only for use in the food elaboration but also for the obtainment of natural compounds with high value in the world market. Among the main extracted substances, or with potential of commercial exploration, can be related polyunsaturated fatty acids, carotenoids, phycobilins, polysaccharides, vitamins, sterols and several bioactive compounds (antioxidants, cholesterol reducers etc.), the which ones can be especially used in the development of functional food, for its nutritional and pharmaceutical properties.

Os sucos de frutas tropicais conquistam cada vez mais o mercado consumidor, sendo o Brasil um dos principais produtores. Existe grande diversidade de produtos derivados de frutos e constante inserção de novos produtos no mercado de consumo, os quais, na maioria das vezes, ainda não foram devidamente pesquisados com respeito às suas propriedades e atividades benéficas à saúde. Neste trabalho, objetiva-se determinar algumas propriedades de frutos tropicais silvestres in natura e polpas de frutos comercializados congelados. Para determinar a atividade antioxidante, utilizou-se o método do radical 2,2-difeniL-1-picrilhidrazilo (DPPH·); para determinar os polifenóis totais, o método de Folin-Ciocalteu e, para as antocianinas, o método da diferença de pH. As polpas de frutas analisadas foram de amora, uva, açaí, goiaba, morango, acerola, abacaxi, manga, graviola, cupuaçu e maracujá; e os frutos silvestres, jambolão e baguaçu. Representada em TEAC (atividade antioxidante equivalente a Trolox), a atividade antioxidante global das polpas oscila entre mínimos e máximos 0,5 e 53,2mimol g-1, enquanto que, representada em VCEAC (atividade antioxidante equivalente a vitamina C), entre mínimos e máximos de 64,8 e 1198,9mg100g-1. Para os extratos de polpa dos frutos in natura, a atividade antioxidante oscila entre 13,3 e 111,2mimol g-1 (TEAC) e entre 42,8 e 2533,1mg 100g-1 (VCEAC). Em ordem decrescente de capacidade antioxidante, encontra-se: acerola> manga> morango> uva> açaí> goiaba> amora> graviola> maracujá> cupuaçu> abacaxi. Os frutos de baguaçu apresentam maior atividade antioxidante que os de jambolão.

The most sold and/or prescribed liquid oral medicines for children in Tubarão, Southern Brazil, were assessed. Their sugar concentration was tested and compared to those in their directions for use. All pharmacies and pediatricians working in the city were visited by a previously trained interviewer. Pre-tested questionnaires were applied in order to assess the most sold pediatric as well as the most prescribed pediatric liquid oral medicines. Three samples of each medicine were analyzed by Lane-Eynon general volumetric method. Among the 14 most sold/prescribed medicines only four did not have sugar contents (analgesic, cortisone, and syrups). Sugar concentration ranged from 8.59 g/100 g of drug (SD=0.29 g/100 g) to 67.0 g/100 g of drug (SD=6.07 g/100 g). Only 50.0% of the total medicines that presented sugar in their ingredients showed this information in their directions.Foram identificados os medicamentos infantis líquidos de uso oral mais vendidos e/ou prescritos em Tubarão, Brasil. Foi analisada a concentração de açúcares e comparados os achados com as informações presentes nas bulas dos medicamentos. Todas as farmácias e todos os médicos pediatras que trabalham na cidade foram visitados por um entrevistador previamente treinado. Utilizaram-se dois questionários pré-testados, para conhecer os medicamentos pediátricos mais vendidos e os mais receitados. Três amostras de cada medicamento foram analisadas pelo método geral de análise volumétrica Lane-Eynon. Dentre os 14 medicamentos mais vendidos/prescritos somente quatro não apresentavam açúcares na sua composição (analgésico, cortisona, e xaropes). A concentração de açúcares variou de 8,59 g/100 g (DP=0,29 g/100 g) à 67,0 g/100 g (6,07 g/100 g). Somente 50% dos medicamentos analisados que continham açúcares apresentavam esta descrição na bula do medicamento.

O conhecimento que os antioxidantes desempenham na inibição dos radicais livres, resultantes do metabolismo celular, tem motivado o interesse pela análise destes compostos em diversos produtos alimentares. O objetivo foi quantificar os compostos fenólicos totais e sua correlação com a atividade antioxidante, visando a conhecer as propriedades antioxidantes de méis produzidos por Apis mellifera L. no Pantanal. Foram analisadas 25 amostras de méis multiflorais, coletadas no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul, exclusivamente em duas fazendas experimentais (Nhumirim e Band’Alta) com características geográficas distintas. Os teores médios de compostos fenólicos totais e a atividade antioxidante dos méis da fazenda Nhumirim foram significativamente superiores (p

The concentration of polyphenolic compounds, such as flavanols and anthocyanins, and the antioxidant activity in apples (Malus domestica Borkh) seem to differ with cultivar, maturity stage, environmental conditions and the part of the fruit. In this work, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity were measured in the flesh, whole fruit and peel from apple cultivars Fuji, Epagri COOP24 and Epagri F5P283 cultivated in Southern Brazil. Total phenolic content assayed by Folin-Ciocalteu method, flavanol by modified p-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde method, anthocyanin content by pH differential method and antioxidant activity measured using ABTS assay. One-way analysis of variance, Tukey’s test and correlation analysis were performed. Within each cultivar, the total phenolic, flavanol and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were highest in the peels, followed by the whole fruit and the flesh. In the peel, whole fruit and flesh the Epagri F5P283 apple had the highest total phenolic contents and the highest total antioxidant activity, while that Epagri COOP24 was highest in flavanols and anthocyanins. Total phenolic content was positively associated with total antioxidant activity in flesh, whole fruit and peel. These results demonstrate that phenolic compounds have a significant contribution to the total antioxidant activity which varies considerably depending of the part of the fruit and of the apple cultivar analyzed.

Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity present in three fruit species from the Brazilian Cerrado: carnauba (Copernicia prunifera (Mill.) H.E. Moore), murici (Byrsonima crassifolia L. Rich)and oiti (Licania tomentosa (Benth) Fritsch). Among analyzed fruits, oiti showed the highest total phenolic content (1236.42 ± 34.06 mg GAE 100 g-1) followed by murici (468.90 ± 27.30 mg GAE 100 g-1) and carnauba (314.44 ± 9.50 mg GAE 100 g-1). Regarding the antioxidant activity, murici showed 4350.31 ± 1.85 µmol TEAC.100 g-1 and oiti showed 14721.69 ± 0.85 µmol TEAC.100 g-1. In addition, high content of anthocyanins was verified in carnauba (9.35 ± 0.00 mg-cy-3-glu.100 g-1), as well as carotenoids (20.0 ± 1.23 mg-ß-carot.100 g-1) and vitamin C (58.60 ± 1.32 mg.100 g-1) in murici. In conclusion, data obtained add valuable information to the current knowledge on the nutritional and functional features of fruits from the Brazilian Cerrado that have been scarcely explored, such as those analyzed, which showed high content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity.