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Scomberomorus niphonius, an important marine economic fish in China, is widely distributed in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas. In 2022, the total catch of Scomberomorus niphonius in China was 356, 100 tons, representing 3.75% of China's overall marine fish catch. Shandong Province accounted for a significant portion, with a catch of 175, 300 tons, constituting 49.22% of the national total. The annual catch of S. niphonius in Shandong ranks first in the country. S. niphonius is rich in protein, unsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids, minerals, and other nutrients. It has a delicious flavor and is popular with consumers. S. niphonius, during processing and storage, is susceptible to microorganisms, temperature, and other external environmental influences of corruption deterioration and loss of commodity value; therefore, its storage quality must be improved. Among various fish products, vacuum-packed ready-to-eat soft canned products are popular and widely used with high commercial value due to their short sterilization time, low nutritional loss, and easy portability. Sterilization is an important way of ensuring product quality and extending shelf-life. However, the irrationality of the sterilization process, which focuses mainly on the effect of a single sterilization temperature and time on these quality indicators, often results in a reduction in the quality of the product in terms of flavor, texture, and nutritional value.Lipids are important components of seafood and essential biomolecules. They are also involved in organismal processes essential in the nutritional value, texture, and overall organoleptic properties of seafood. For flavor modification, they act as solvents and precursors of volatile compounds. In addition, seafood contains essential nutritional lipids, including phospholipids, triglycerides, and essential fatty acids, which is an important feature distinguishing it from other species. In addition, most of the volatile flavor compounds in meat are produced by the Melad reaction and the thermal degradation of lipids (oxidation) and thiamine. Oxidative degradation of lipids is the main pathway for forming the characteristic flavor of aquatic products. S. niphonius, due to its high content of unsaturated fatty acids, releases unsaturated fatty acids from the lipids during sterilization to further oxidize them into volatile compounds such as aldehydes, ketones, and alcohols, which have a low threshold value and can significantly impact the flavor quality of the product. Currently, the processing of S. niphonius is focused on dry-cured products, and relatively few studies have been conducted on the quality changes during the processing and sterilization of its soft canning. Based on this, the present study took the S. niphonius as a research object and used conventional physicochemical tests combined with the electronic nose, gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS), and other technical means to compare the effects of different sterilization conditions on the physicochemical indices and volatile substances of S. niphonius, to extend its shelf life while reducing the effects of sterilization on its flavor, sensory, and nutritional qualities. This will provide a reference for quality control in the processing of prepared fish dishes and enrich the basic theory of flavor formation in thermally sterilized aquatic products.The results showed that the sensory scores of texture, taste, and odor of S. niphonius changed significantly after sterilization. The total lipid, triglyceride, and phospholipid contents in the samples were significantly decreased after sterilization (P < 0.05), and the free fatty acid content was significantly increased (P < 0.05). Differences were observed in lipid composition between different sterilization groups, with the highest degree of lipid loss in Group C samples. The degree of lipid oxidation was significantly affected by sterilization conditions (P < 0.05), peroxidevalue (POV) content was significantly increased, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The results of electronic nose analysis showed that the odor characteristics of fish meat after different sterilization conditions were significantly different. Twenty-two volatile compounds were identified from the four groups of samples using GC-IMS, including seven aldehydes, five ketones, four alcohols, three esters, two acids, and one furan. Among these compounds, heptyl aldehyde, hexaldehyde, 3-hydroxybutane-2-ketone, acetic acid, and 1-octene-3-alcohol were identified as the primary volatile substances in the control group. The signal intensity of valeraldehyde, isovaleraldehyde, butyraldehyde, 3-hydroxy-butanone, and ethyl propionate significantly increased after the fish underwent various sterilization conditions. This observation suggests that sterilization promotes lipid oxidation and decomposition in fish while leading to significant variations in volatile substance profiles among different sterilization processes. Hexanal, pentanal, 2-methylbutanal, 3-pentanone, cyclohexanone, 3-hydroxybutan-2-one, and ethyl acetate were the major aroma compounds in the fish, and the highest levels were found in the samples from Group B. In conclusion, the organoleptic and flavor qualities of the samples at 115 ℃ for 14.7 min (Group B) were significantly better than those of the other sterilization conditions, and the degree of lipid oxidation was lower, which provides technical support for the fine processing of S. niphonius products.

Nannochloropsis freeze-thawed extraction protein (NFP), Nannochloropsis enzyme-assisted extraction protein (NEP) and Nannochloropsis alkali extraction protein (NAP) were extracted from the Nannochloropsis powder by using freeze-thawed salt precipitation method, enzyme-assisted extraction method and alkali dissolution acid precipitation method, respectively. The physicochemical properties and functional properties were compared and analyzed. The results showed that the extraction rate of alkali-solution and acid-precipitation was 18.70%±0.50%, which was significantly higher than that of the other two extraction methods (P

Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) is a vital species in the Antarctic ecosystem, boasting substantial reserves and high nutritional value. It has emerged as a significant commercial fishery resource in the Southern Ocean. However, because of its exceptionally high autolytic enzyme activity, it is susceptible to autolysis and blackening during processing, storage, and transportation, resulting in a decline in the sensory quality and nutritional value of raw materials. Shrimp melanosis is caused by a series of enzymatic reactions mediated by phenoloxidase (PO) within the body. PO facilitates the oxidation of phenolic substances, leading to the formation of highly unstable quinone compounds, which further react to produce melanin. The accumulation of melanin significantly affects the appearance of Antarctic krill, thereby reducing its commercial value. On account of their cost-effectiveness and potent anti-blackening effects, sulfites are commonly used as shrimp anti-black agents. Sodium metabisulfite is one of the compounds whose use is allowed for shrimp preservation under GB 2760-2014 regulations. It not only inhibits PO activity, but also reduces quinone compounds to prevent blackening. However, excessive sulfite use can lead to discomfort and health issues such as gastrointestinal problems, liver disturbances, dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches. Therefore, GB 2760-2014 regulations stipulate that the residual SO2 content should not exceed 0.1 g/kg. Currently, the use of sodium metabisulfite in production is widespread but lacks standardized requirements, with limited guidance available on how to regulate its usage. Therefore, to assess the impact of sodium metabisulfite on blackening control in Antarctic krill and refine the treatment process, experiments were conducted to measure the changes in SO2 residue and PO activity in Antarctic krill subjected to various concentrations of sodium metabisulfite solutions and soaking times. Furthermore, observations and analyses were conducted to monitor the blackening of Antarctic krill during cold storage and frozen storage. The results demonstrated a positive correlation between the SO2 residue in Antarctic krill and the concentration of sodium metabisulfite solution. A concentration of 1 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution resulted in a SO2 residue of 0.065 g/kg in Antarctic krill, which is below the national standard limit of 0.1 g/kg. However, treatment with a 2 g/L solution led to a SO2 residue of 0.166 g/kg in shrimp, exceeding the national standard limit. Treatment with a 3 g/L solution resulted in a SO2 residue of 0.254 g/kg in shrimp, which significantly surpassed the national standard limit. Consequently, we recommended using 1 g/L or 2 g/L sodium metabisulfite solutions to prevent blackening in Antarctic krill while maintaining the SO2 residue below 0.1 g/kg. Under these conditions, the treatment time for a 1 g/L sodium pyrosulfite solution could be extended to 300 s, with a relative PO activity of 21.2%. For a 2.0 g/L sodium pyrosulfite solution, a treatment time of 30 s was suitable, yielding a relative PO activity of 34.5%. During storage, the control group exhibited noticeable blackening after storage at 4 ℃ for 24 h and frozen storage for 6 months, predominantly in the head, chest, abdomen, and tail sections, and slight variations were observed in the blackening process among individuals. Compared with the control group, the sodium metabisulfite treatment group displayed significantly lower blackening scores during storage (P < 0.05). Specifically, the 1 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution with 300 s treatment group and the 2 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution with 30 s treatment group showed obvious blackening at 48 h and 72 h of cold storage, respectively, and after 12 months of frozen storage, indicating that higher concentrations of sodium metabisulfite solution during treatment led to a better control effect on the blackening of Antarctic krill during storage. Notably, PO activity is just one of the factors influencing the melanosis process. Although the 1 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution with treatment for 300 s could better inhibit PO activity, the anti-blackening effect of this group was not as pronounced as that of the 2 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution with treatment for 30 s during storage. In summary, soaking in 1 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution for 300 s and 2 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution for 30 s resulted in relative PO enzyme activities of 21.2% and 34.5%, respectively. Simultaneously, the SO2 residues in shrimp were measured at 0.094 g/kg and 0.096 g/kg, respectively, meeting the GB 2760-2014 limit of SO2 residue not exceeding 0.1 g/kg. Compared with the control group, sodium metabisulfite treatment effectively delayed the blackening process of Antarctic krill during cold storage and frozen storage, with the 2 g/L sodium metabisulfite solution soaking for 30 s exhibiting superior anti-blackening effects. This suggests that a high concentration of sodium metabisulfite solution and a short treatment period had a better blackening inhibition effect. These findings offer a theoretical foundation and technical guidance for maintaining the quality of Antarctic krill during storage and transportation.

Abstract Surface modulation strategies have spurred great interest with regard to regulating the morphology, dispersion and flexible processability of materials. Unsurprisingly, customized modulation of surfaces is primed to offer a route to control their electronic functions. To regulate electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption applications by surface engineering is an unmet challenge. Thanks to pyrolyzing surface-anchored metal-porphyrin, here we report on the surface modulation of four-nitrogen atoms-confined single metal site on a nitrogen-doped carbon layer (sM(N4)@NC, M = Ni, Co, Cu, Ni/Cu) (sM=single metal; NC= nitrogen-doped carbon layer) that registers electromagnetic wave absorption. Surface-anchored metal-porphyrins are afforded by attaching them onto the polypyrrole surface via a prototypical click reaction. Further, sM(N4)@NC is experimentally found to elicit an identical dipole polarization loss mechanism, overcoming the handicaps of conductivity loss, defects, and interfacial polarization loss among the current EMW absorber models. Importantly, sM(N4)@NC is found to exhibit an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.44 and reflection loss of −51.7 dB, preceding state-of-the-art carbon-based EMW absorbers. This study introduces a surface modulation strategy to design EMW absorbers based on single metal sites that enable fine-tunable and controlled absorption mechanism with atomistic precision.

ObjectiveTo compare different intestinal reconstruction methods after intestinal resection for advanced ovarian malignancy.MethodsRetrospective data of patients with advanced ovarian malignancy were collected and then assigned into three groups: primary intestinal anastomosis, protective enterostomy and colostomy. General clinical characteristics, intraoperative findings and postoperative outcomes were compared between the three groups.ResultsA total of 530 cases were included for final analysis. The colostomy group had a lower serum albumin level, larger volume of ascites, higher likelihood of multiple intestinal resections and lower likelihood of rectal resection, lower peritoneal cancer index, more intraoperative blood loss, transfusions and infusions, lower likelihood of optimal cytoreductive surgery and shorter interval time to chemotherapy than the other two groups (p < 0.05). The primary intestinal anastomosis group exhibited a larger blood transfusion volume, higher incidence rates of anastomotic leak and electrolyte disturbance, and longer times to first flatus, first feeding and drain removal than the other two groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsColostomy can be adopted for advanced ovarian cancer patients with a large ascites volume, hypoproteinemia, large intraoperative blood and fluid loss volumes, multiple intestinal resections, anastomoses located below the peritoneal reflection, high PCI and suboptimal cytoreductive surgery. For patients with good intraoperative and postoperative outcomes, one anastomosis, an anastomosis located above the peritoneal reflection, low PCI or optimal cytoreductive surgery, intestinal anastomosis can be carried out to restore the normal physiological function of the intestine. For patients with a large volume of ascites (≥500 mL), multiple anastomoses or an anastomosis located below the peritoneal reflection, intestinal anastomosis combined with protective enterostomy has an advantage over intestinal anastomosis alone.

BackgroundThe perception of Subjective Visual Vertical (SVV) is crucial for postural orientation and significantly reflects an individual’s postural control ability, relying on vestibular, visual, and somatic sensory inputs to assess the Earth’s gravity line. The neural mechanisms and aging effects on SVV perception, however, remain unclear.ObjectiveThis study seeks to examine aging-related changes in SVV perception and uncover its neurological underpinnings through functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).MethodsIn a comparative study of 19 young and 19 older adults, the standardized SVV task executed in Eprime 3.0 software evaluated participants’ SVV orientation and uncertainty. Cortical responses were monitored via fNIRS during the task, with block averaging analysis employed to delineate the associated hemodynamic responses. The study further correlated these neuroimaging findings with behavioral measures.ResultsYoung individuals exhibit superior accuracy and stability in perceiving the subjective visual vertical (SVV) direction. Neuroimaging data, adjusted for multiple comparisons using the false discovery rate, reveal activation of the right supramarginal gyrus (SMG) and the left dorsolateral superior frontal gyrus (SFGdor) in both age groups during SVV tasks. However, older participants show additional activation in regions such as the bilateral postcentral gyrus (PoCG) and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Lateralization studies indicate that young participants predominantly exhibit right lateralization in sensory and dorsolateral prefrontal cortices, with left lateralization in the motor cortex. In contrast, elderly participants demonstrate bilateral dominance across sensory, dorsolateral prefrontal, and motor cortices. Correlational analyses link modified SVV metrics to the activation levels of various brain regions, with negative correlations observed in both age groups, and a unique positive correlation with the left inferior frontal gyrus of the triangular part (IFGtriang) in young participants.ConclusionYoung individuals outperform the older individuals in SVV performance due to age-related differences in brain functional patterns during the execution of vertical perception judgment. Both age groups activate the right SMG and left SFGdor, but the older individuals additionally activate regions such as bilateral PoCG and right MFG. While young people exhibit right-brain dominance, the older people rely on bilateral cognitive resources, indicating bilateral dominance. Except for the left IFGtriang in the young, higher activation in brain regions correlates with better SVV performance.

Objective To explore the relationship between leukocyte count and renal function in patients with lupus nephritis (LN). Methods We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of 100 patients with LN admitted to the Department of Nephrology between 1 January 2015 and 30 December 2023. Based on tertile of leukocyte count, they were allocated to Low, Medium, or High groups. The demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of the groups were compared and the relationship between leukocyte count and renal function was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. Results After adjustment for age, albumin, 24-hour proteinuria, serum complement factor 3, hemoglobin, blood pressure, systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index score, and histologic parameters, a linear relationship was identified between leukocyte count and renal function (regression coefficient −2.852; 95% confidence interval: −5.161, −0.543). Therefore, for every 1 × 10 9 /L increase in leukocyte count, the estimated glomerular filtration rate would decrease by 2.85 mL/minute. Conclusion There is an independent linear relationship between leukocyte count and renal function. Leukocyte recruitment into the kidney is a critical step in the progression of LN, and as the leukocyte count increases, renal function gradually declines. Leukocyte count may represent a sensitive biomarker of the progression and prognosis of LN.

Objective: To explore the changes of active components in Polygonatum sibiricum extract and its regulation on intestinal flora by in vitro simulated digestion combined with 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing technology. Methods: P. sibiricum extract was prepared by heating reflux method. The contents of polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids in P. sibiricum extract before and after simulated digestion in vitro were determined, and its inhibitory ability on α-glucosidase was investigated. The effect of P. sibiricum extract on intestinal flora was analyzed based on 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing. Results: The P. sibiricum extract contained polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids, and the contents were 0.4732, 0.0632 and 0.0754 mg/mL, respectively. After in vitro simulated digestion, the contents of polysaccharides, saponins and flavonoids were significantly reduced (P

Flavor is an important characteristic of seafood products, and drying can produce unique pleasant flavors. Drying is among the most common methods for processing seafood products. It can improve quality and shelf-life of seafood products and produce unique flavors. Oxidative hydrolysis of lipids during dry fish processing in the presence of light, photosensitizers, heat, oxygen, transition metal ions, and microorganisms produces volatile small molecules, including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and acids, which contribute to the flavor profile of dried fish. Volatile compounds are important components of seafood flavor. Flavor analyses are usually performed using gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in combination with electronic nose/tongue techniques, which not only characterizes the molecular composition of volatile components in the sample, but also yields macroscopic results via the electronic nose/tongue, ultimately combining instrumental analysis with quantitative sensory data for a comprehensive evaluation of sample flavor. Currently, the market sales model of Cololabis saira is mainly based on a single frozen whole C. saira, and excludes most types of deep-processed products. There is an urgent need to enrich research into processing effects on C. saira quality and flavor, and further develop markets for deep-processed C. saira products. To explore the effects of different drying methods on C. saira flavor, we assessed flavor molecule profiles using GC-MS and electronic tongue techniques. This study aimed to provide a theoretical basis for improving C. saira product flavor, thereby enhancing the economic impact of the C. saira industry. In this study, C. saira was thawed in low-temperature air, and the giblets were removed and diagonally cut. Pre-treated fish were then soaked in 15% salt water for 1 h, drained naturally, and subjected to natural drying (natural air-drying on a sunny day in autumn for 3 days, environmental temperature 10~20 ℃, humidity 25%~42%), cold air-drying (continuous cold air-drying for 3 days, setting temperature (15±2) ℃, relative humidity 38%~40%), and UV with cold air-drying (continuous UV with cold air-drying for 3 days, ultraviolet lamp irradiation, setting temperature (15±2) ℃, relative humidity 38%~40%). The flavor profiles of fresh fish (CK), cured fish (0 d), naturally dried fish (N), cold air-dried fish (C), and UV treated cold air-dried fish (U) were compared. Significant differences were observed in the odor and taste of dried C. saira among products of the different drying methods. GC-MS results showed that a total of 58 volatile flavor substances were detected, including aldehydes, alcohols, ketones, acids, hydrocarbons, and nitrogenous compounds. Increased alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones enriched the fatty aroma of the three dried C. saira samples to varying degrees. Among them, the contents of cis-2-heptenal, octylaldehyde, 2-ethylfuran and other substances in U group increased significantly, increasing to 64.96,569.48 and 189.27 μg/kg, respectively, so that the U group had richer fat flavor. Hexanal, heptanal, Z-4-heptenal, octanal, nonanal, (E, E)-2,4-heptadienal, (E, E)-2,6-nonandialdehyde, 1-octen-3-ol, heptanol, 2,3-pentanedione, 3,5-octadien-2-one, and trimethylamine were the odor-active substances common to the five C. saira samples and were used as flavor compounds to characterize the oily and fishy taste of C. saira. E-2-nonenal, 2-ethylfuran, E-2-octenal, 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, and 1-nonanol are three odor-active substances specific to dried C. saira, with E-2-octenal, 1-nonanol and 2-undecanone, which have an oily smell, and 2-ethylfuran, which has a burnt smell, having the highest odor aroma-active in the U group. Salty taste, richness, bitterness, astringency, and sourness of the fish increased after the drying process, especially salty taste and richness. Only fresh taste was significantly reduced relative to fresh fish. Saltiness, freshness, and richness of dried fish are important taste indicators. Salty taste and richness increased significantly after the three drying processes, whereas freshness decreased. Group U exhibited the highest salty taste and richness. In conclusion, the volatile odor and profile of C. saira changed significantly with each of three drying processes (natural drying, cold air drying, and UV with cold air drying), all of which increased the fatty flavor and considerably reduced the fishy flavor. Moderate oxidation positively contributes to C. saira flavor. Increased fatty flavor reduces the proportion of fishy substances, thus improving C. saira flavor. UV irradiation with cold air drying promoted lipid oxidation to some extent, producing more fatty substances, as well as cis-2-heptenal and 2-ethylfuran, which enriched the roasted, charred flavor of dried C. saira. Salinity, freshness, and richness are important taste indicators of dried C. saira. All three drying methods enhanced the salinity and richness of C. saira, and UV irradiation with cold air-drying significantly improved the salinity and richness of the fish and enriched its taste and aftertaste. Therefore, among the three drying methods, the method involving UV with cold air drying significantly enriched the flavor of C. saira to the greatest extent.

Widespread interest in new hemostatic agents arises from the challenge of simultaneously satisfying the requirements of hemostatic, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory properties while also considering the associated economic costs. An ideal hemostasis material should facilitate rapid hemostasis, intervene against infection, promote wound healing, and be cost-effective and easy to prepare. Herein, we demonstrate that medicinal plant-derived silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit the potential to constitute a promising multifunctional hemostatic reagent library. Biogenic synthesis of AgNPs utilizing Ageratum conyzoides extracts, referred to as AC-AgNPs, successfully combines the hemostatic and anti-inflammatory properties of Ageratum conyzoides with the inherent antibacterial activity exhibited by AgNPs. In-vitro coagulation experiments indicate that AC-AgNPs have a strong hemostatic effect, which is related to their size, concentration, and negative charge, and they exhibit low cytotoxicity and hemolysis. Subsequent experiments including scanning electron microscopy, flow cytometry, western blotting, and network pharmacology analysis have revealed that AC-AgNPs can cause platelet activation and aggregation, stimulated kallikrein-kinin system, shorten activated partial thromboplastin and prothrombin time, and increase fibrinogen content. These findings indicate that AC-AgNPs act on multiple signaling pathways, including endogenous and exogenous coagulation pathways, complement system, platelet activation, and aggregation. Furthermore, the hemostatic efficacy of AC-AgNPs is demonstrated in mouse models of tail amputation and liver injury, where AC-AgNPs significantly reduce the amount of blood loss and the bleeding time. Our work shows that AC-AgNPs possess strong hemostatic, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial capabilities, ultimately facilitating wound healing. The biogenic synthesis of AgNPs from medicinal plants could be a multifunctional hemostatic candidate for practical application.

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth most common cause of death in women worldwide. Chemoresistance is a key reason for treatment failure, causing high mortality. As a member of the tripartite motif-containing (TRIM) protein family, tripartite motif 47 (TRIM47) plays a vital role in the carcinogenesis and drug resistance of various cancers. This study investigated the impact and mechanisms of TRIM47 on cisplatin (DDP) chemosensitivity and apoptosis in OC. OC cell viability was assessed with a cell counting kit-8 assay and OC cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry, caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity, and Bax and Bcl-2 expression assays while gene and protein expression were assessed using qRT–PCR and Western blot assays. The expression of TRIM47 was significantly increased in both DDP-resistant tissues from patients with OC tissues and in cancer cell lines compared with that in normal tissue or parental cell lines. The increased level of TRIM47 correlated with poor prognosis in patients with OC. Functional assays demonstrated that TRIM47 promoted DDP resistance both in vitro and in vivo. The increased viability and reduced apoptosis of OC cells induced by TRIM47 can be rescued by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress–inducer tunicamycin, suggesting that TRIM47 inhibits OC cell apoptosis by suppressing ER stress. Therefore, TRIM47 may be targeted as a therapeutic strategy for DDP resistance in OC.

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is most common when driven by hypertension, and it is a strong independent risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events and death. Some animal models support a role for gut microbiota and metabolites in the development of LVH, but cohort studies confirming these findings in populations are lacking. Methods and Results We investigated the alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites in 30 patients with hypertension, 30 patients with hypertensive LVH, and 30 matched controls on the basis of 16S rDNA and metabolomic analyses. Thirty stool and 90 serum samples were collected in fasting conditions. ANOVA/Kruskal–Wallis/Pearson's χ2/Fisher's exact test and Bonferroni's correction were used (P

IntroductionPlaque psoriasis is a persistent skin disorder that necessitates efficient management. This study investigates the therapeutic effectiveness and timeline for skin lesion resolution in plaque psoriasis patients treated with combined biologic agents compared to standard therapies.MethodsConducted retrospectively between March 2020 and March 2023, the study included 162 patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Participants were divided into two groups: the Control Group, which received standard treatments, and the Combined Biologic Agent Group, which received additional biologic therapy with secukinumab. Participants in the Control Group received standard treatments, while those in the Combined Biologic Agent Group received standard treatments plus secukinumab.ResultsThe results showed that the Combined Biologic Agent Group experienced a significantly faster onset of therapeutic effects, with an average time of 3.04 ± 2.25 days compared to 6.12 ± 2.06 days in the Control Group. Additionally, skin lesion resolution occurred more rapidly in the biologic agent group (7.04 ± 2.13 days) than in the control group (14.56 ± 4.73 days). By week 24, the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores demonstrated a more substantial reduction in the biologic agent group, decreasing from 26.98 ± 11.28 to 2.48 ± 3.01, whereas the control group showed a reduction from 25.82 ± 10.47 to 10.40 ± 7.63. The overall effectiveness rate was higher in the biologic agent group, with no cases of ineffectiveness, compared to a 20.99% ineffectiveness rate in the control group. Furthermore, there was no recurrence of the disease in the biologic agent group, while the control group experienced an 11.11% recurrence rate. Both groups had a similar incidence of adverse reactions, indicating that the addition of biologic agents does not significantly increase the risk of adverse events.DiscussionThese findings suggest that combined biologic agent therapy offers a more effective and faster treatment option for plaque psoriasis without compromising safety. However, larger-scale clinical trials are necessary to validate these results and establish the long-term benefits and safety of this treatment approach in diverse patient populations.

Elevated concentrations of tropospheric ozone (O3) pose a significant threat to food production in many regions of the world. We conducted a two-year experiment with five winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars, Yangmai16 (Y16), Yangmai23 (Y23), Zhenmai12 (Z12), Yangmai29 (Y29), and Yangmai30 (Y30), to assess photosynthetic traits, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant systems under ambient (A-O3) or elevated (E-O3; 1.5 times A-O3) O3 in a Free-Air O3Concentration Enrichment system (FACE). E-O3 accelerated leaf senescence, manifested by marked reductions in photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, total antioxidant capacity, and photosynthetic pigment content, accompanied by altered antioxidant enzyme activity and a significant increase in malondialdehyde content (an indicator of lipid peroxidation). Most parameters showed significant inter-cultivar differences, as well as interactions between O3 and cultivar. The response of the antioxidant system in wheat flag leaves was influenced by O3 exposure levels. The response of antioxidant enzymes at the grain filling stage and the timely closure of stomata conferred tolerance to O3. This tolerance was associated with higher antioxidant enzyme activity at the anthesis stage but was not related to the size of stomata. This study provides a crucial theoretical foundation for further breeding O3-tolerant cultivars.

Shrimp paste, a traditional aquatic fermented product, is more prevalent in Southeast Asia and the coastal areas of China. The traditional shrimp paste production process is straightforward. Usually, small economic shrimp species, such as grasshopper and sesame shrimp, are used as raw materials. Microorganisms and a series of endogenous enzymes are relied upon to create a condiment with a distinct flavor and aroma via natural fermentation. The quality of shrimp paste is influenced by various factors, including the type of raw shrimp used, the freshness of raw materials, fermentation duration, fermentation temperature, salt addition, and storage time. There are several brands of shrimp paste in the market, but their quality varies significantly. There are no studies on the quality evaluation system for commercially available shrimp paste. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of shrimp paste samples was conducted to investigate the quality differences among commercially available shrimp pastes. 32 brands of shrimp paste were collected from six provinces, namely Shandong, Guangdong, Hebei, Tianjin, Liaoning, and Jiangsu. The color and histomorphology of these samples were assessed via sensory evaluation, whereas their physicochemical indicators, such as moisture, salt, protein, and amino acid nitrogen, were determined. Principal component analysis was utilized to create a comprehensive ranking of 32 commercially available shrimp pastes. The results showed that the odor score of commercially available shrimp paste had the highest coefficient of variation value at 37.64%, indicating that the odor of different brands of shrimp paste varied significantly. The SC/T 3602-2016 "Shrimp paste" standard states that the moisture content of shrimp paste should be ≤ 60%, ash content should be ≤ 35%, salt content should be ≤ 25%, protein content should be ≥ 10.0 g/100 g, and amino acid nitrogen content should be ≥ 0.6 g/100 g. The minimum variation value for the moisture content of shrimp paste products was 12.17%, but the overall moisture content was high, with seven samples exceeding the standard limit by a significant margin. In the shrimp paste production process, with the extension of the fermentation time, the moisture content gradually reduced, and the water activity decreased. The high moisture content of individual samples could be related to the production process that shortens the fermentation cycle of shrimp paste. A total of 32 samples had ash content ≤ 35%, in accordance with the standard requirements of "shrimp paste". Fifty percent of commercially available shrimp paste samples had salt content values greater than 20%, indicating that most commercially available shrimp pastes were high in salt concentrations. Since a diet high in salt may lead to a series of health problems, such as increased blood pressure, reducing the salt content of traditional shrimp paste is more in line with modern consumer values. The protein content of 28 samples met the requirements, and the amino acid nitrogen content of 31 samples met the requirements. The maximum variation value of amino acid nitrogen content was 33.91%, indicating a large difference in amino acid nitrogen content between samples. The amino acid nitrogen content of 78.13% of the shrimp paste samples was greater than 1.0 g/100 g, and a few shrimp paste samples even exceeded 2.0 g/100 g, which was significantly higher than the amino acid nitrogen content of fish sauce and comparable to that of commercially available oyster sauce. Through principal component analysis, three principal components representing eight quality indicators of 32 commercially available shrimp pastes were extracted based on the principle of principal component eigenvalues greater than 1, and the cumulative variance contribution reached 82.32%, indicating that the majority of the information regarding shrimp paste quality indicators could be covered. Through further analysis, it was determined that moisture, amino acid nitrogen, and odor were important indicators affecting the overall quality of shrimp paste, and a comprehensive evaluation model was established as follows: Fsynthesize= 0.497F1 + 0.318F2 + 0.185F3, in order to investigate the differences in the odor composition of different shrimp pastes in greater detail. The samples were subjected to an e-nose analysis, and an e-nose clustering heat map was developed; the results showed that 32 shrimp sauces were clustered into four categories at a Euclidean distance of 4.03, with the main distinction lying in the W1S, W2S, and W3S sensors, and clustering occurred between the sea silver shrimp sauce and grasshopper shrimp sauce. Gas-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) analysis of shrimp paste derived from three raw materials (i.e., sea silver shrimp, grasshopper shrimp, and white shrimp) showed the presence of 63 volatile components, mainly different alcohols. The high content of alcohol contained in the flavor substances is consistent with the findings of several previous studies. The results indicated that the quality of commercially available shrimp paste differed significantly, with odor, moisture, and amino acid nitrogen being the most influential factors affecting quality. The results of the study provide a benchmark for the quality assessment and production process enhancement of shrimp paste.

Abstract The direct use of flue gas for the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction is desirable but severely limited by the thermodynamically favorable oxygen reduction reaction. Herein, a photonicswitching unit 1,2-Bis(5’-formyl-2’-methylthien-3’-yl)cyclopentene (DAE) is integrated into a cobalt porphyrin-based covalent organic framework for highly efficient CO2 electrocatalysis under aerobic environment. The DAE moiety in the material can reversibly modulate the O2 activation capacity and electronic conductivity by the framework ring-closing/opening reactions under UV/Vis irradiation. The DAE-based covalent organic framework with ring-closing type shows a high CO Faradaic efficiency of 90.5% with CO partial current density of −20.1 mA cm−2 at −1.0 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode by co-feeding CO2 and 5% O2. This work presents an oxygen passivation strategy to realize efficient CO2 electroreduction performance by co-feeding of CO2 and O2, which would inspire to design electrocatalysts for the practical CO2 source such as flue gas from power plants or air.

Objective To study the dermoscopic and clinical features of halo nevus in children. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, including general condition, clinical features, family history and dermoscopic data of 110 patients with halo nevus in our hospital from January 2019 to February 2023. Results The mean age of 110 patients was (8.91±3.26) years. The ratio of male to female was 1.29∶1. Involvements on the face and neck accounted for 32.82%, and 40.00% of patients were complicated with vitiligo. The incidence of multiple halo nevi was higher in patients with vitiligo than in those without vitiligo (χ2=8.61, P=0.003). Among the 45 cases with a family history, the proportion of individuals with family history was higher in patients with vitiligo (7/22, 31.82%) than in those without vitiligo (1/23, 4.35%) (χ2=4.08, P=0.043). The most common dermoscopic features of central nevi were homogeneous pattern (21 cases, 36.84%) and globular pattern (10 cases,17.54%). The peripheral halo often presented as structureless hypopigmentation (36 cases,63.16%). Improvement was observed in 70.00% of the patients after 6-month treatment with oral compound glycyrrhizin tablets plus topical glucocorticoids/0.03% tacrolimus ointment. The proportion of patients without autoimmune diseases was lower in effective cases than in the ineffective cases (χ2=5.70, P

With the drastic reduction in wetland areas, it is essential to conduct an annual monitoring of the biomass or carbon content of wetland ecosystems to support international initiatives and agreements focused on sustainable development, climate change, and carbon equity. Forests in wetland ecosystems play a crucial role in carbon sequestration; however, the monitoring of small, fragmented forest components in wetlands remains insufficient, leading to an underestimation of their ecological and carbon sequestration functions. This study utilizes a model-assisted (MA) estimator, a monitoring procedure that is asymptotically design-unbiased and incorporates remote sensing, to assess the status and trends in the above-ground biomass (AGB) of forest components in wetlands, while also proposing a method of optimizing the sample size to enable continuous monitoring. Based on the population of the forest component of Baiyangdian wetland, major findings indicate that: (1) neglecting the forest component of Baiyangdian wetland will lead to an underestimation of the total aboveground biomass by 224.34 t/ha and 243.64 t/ha in the years 2022 and 2023, respectively; (2) in either year-specific monitoring or interannual change monitoring, the MA estimator is more cost-effective than the expansion estimator, a comparable procedure that relies solely on field observations; (3) the method used to optimize sample size can effectively tackle the cost-related concerns of subsequent continuous monitoring. Overall, the neglect of forest components is inevitably bound to give rise to an underestimation of wetlands, and use of an MA estimator and optimizing the sample size could effectively address the cost issue in continuous monitoring. This holds significant importance when developing management strategies to prevent the further degradation of wetland ecological functions and carbon sink capabilities.

Abstract Background Emerging evidence has shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from gut bacteria play a crucial role in microbiota-host interactions. Here, we aimed to evaluate the attenuating effect of EVs derived from a reduced commensal bacterium, F. prausnitzii (Fp-EVs), in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Results Fp-EVs isolated by ultracentrifugation and typically exhibited a double concave disc shape with an average diameter of 172 nm. Fp-EVs treatment reduced DSS-induced weight loss, disease activity index (DAI) score, colon length shortening, histological damage, neutrophil infiltration and increased intestinal epithelial apoptotic cells in DSS-induced colitis mice. Fp-EVs upregulated the protein expression of zona occludens (ZO)-1 and Occludin and increased the ratio of Tregs in the colon tissue of colitis mice. Furthermore, Fp-EVs downregulated the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-12a, IL-17a, Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor - α (TNF-α), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and upregulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-10, and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in DSS-treated mice. Moreover, Fp-EV treatment markedly reduced the phosphorylation of these proteins Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and Mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), and regulated the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Conclusion Our findings revealed that Fp-EVs attenuated DSS-induced colitis by modulating the intestinal mucosal barrier function and immunological profile. Our findings reveal that Fp-EVs attenuate DSS-induced colitis by modulating intestinal mucosal barrier function and the immunological profile.

In order to analyze and compare the characteristics and applicability of different water quality evaluation methods applied to lake water quality evaluation, four monitoring sections were set up in Sancha Lake in 2019, 2020, and 2021, and 20 water quality parameters were selected. The single factor index method, the comprehensive pollution index method, the Nemerow pollution index method, and the improved Nemerow pollution index method were used to comprehensively evaluate water quality. The research results showed that the single factor index evaluation method is simple to operate and can quickly determine the water quality category by identifying the worst single water quality indicator. The comprehensive pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method determine the degree of water pollution based on the numerical values representing the overall pollution level of the representative water body. The evaluation results showed that except for the evaluation results of the single factor evaluation method with categories II and III, the results of other evaluation methods were all category I, indicating that the water quality was good. HIGHLIGHT The single factor index method, the comprehensive pollution index method, the Nemerow pollution index method, and the improved Nemerow pollution index method were used to comprehensively evaluate water quality.;

Background and purposeAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders that is characterized by core features in social communication impairment and restricted, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors. This study aimed to further investigate the utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in children with ASD, both with and without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, evaluate the effect of FMT and analyze the alterations in bacterial and fungal composition within the gut microbiota.MethodsA total of 38 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study and underwent oral lyophilized FMT treatment. The dosage of the FMT treatment was determined based on a ratio of 1 g of donor stool per 1 kg of recipient body weight, with a frequency of once every 4 weeks for a total of 12 weeks. In addition, 30 healthy controls (HC) were included in the analysis. The clinical efficacy of FMT was evaluated, while the composition of fecal bacteria and fungi was determined using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing methods.ResultsMedian age of the 38 children with ASD was 7 years. Among these children, 84.2% (32 of 38) were boys and 81.6% (31 of 38) exhibited GI symptoms, with indigestion, constipation and diarrhea being the most common symptoms. Sample collections and assessments were conducted at baseline (week 0), post-treatment (week 12) and follow-up (week 20). At the end of the follow-up phase after FMT treatment, the autism behavior checklist (ABC) scores decreased by 23% from baseline, and there was a 10% reduction in scores on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), a 6% reduction in scores on the social responsiveness scale (SRS) and a 10% reduction in scores on the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC). In addition, short-term adverse events observed included vomiting and fever in 2 participants, which were self-limiting and resolved within 24 h, and no long-term adverse events were observed. Although there was no significant difference in alpha and beta diversity in children with ASD before and after FMT therapy, the FMT treatment resulted in alterations in the relative abundances of various bacterial and fungal genera in the samples of ASD patients. Comparisons between children with ASD and healthy controls (HC) revealed statistically significant differences in microbial abundance before and after FMT. Blautia, Sellimonas, Saccharomycopsis and Cystobasidium were more abundant in children with ASD than in HC, while Dorea were less abundant. After FMT treatment, levels of Blautia, Sellimonas, Saccharomycopsis and Cystobasidium decreased, while levels of Dorea increased. Moreover, the increased abundances of Fusicatenibacter, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Cutaneotrichosporon and Zygosaccharomyces were negatively correlated with the scores of ASD core symptoms.ConclusionsOral lyophilized FMT could improve GI and ASD related symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, and alter the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota composition in children with ASD.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200055943. Registered 28 January 2022, www.chictr.org.cn.

The arthropod exoskeleton provides protection and support and is vital for survival and adaption. The integrity and mechanical properties of the exoskeleton are often impaired after pathogenic infection; however, the detailed mechanism by which infection affects the exoskeleton remains largely unknown. Here, we report that the damage to the shrimp exoskeleton is caused by modulation of host lipid profiles after infection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). WSSV infection disrupts the mechanical performance of the exoskeleton by inducing the expression of a chitinase (Chi2) in the sub-cuticle epidermis and decreasing the cuticle chitin content. The induction of Chi2 expression is mediated by a nuclear receptor that can be activated by certain enriched long-chain saturated fatty acids after infection. The damage to the exoskeleton, an aftereffect of the induction of host lipogenesis by WSSV, significantly impairs the motor ability of shrimp. Blocking the WSSV-caused lipogenesis restored the mechanical performance of the cuticle and improved the motor ability of infected shrimp. Therefore, this study reveals a mechanism by which WSSV infection modulates shrimp internal metabolism resulting in phenotypic impairment, and provides new insights into the interactions between the arthropod host and virus.

Abstract Hydrogen‐bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are crystalline porous materials with permanent voids formed via self‐assembly of organic molecules through hydrogen bonding and intermolecular forces. Further combination of HOFs with functional material would broaden their application horizon but were less explored in existing literature. Herein, a highly porous and photosensitive HOF was successfully coated onto upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) to construct a core–shell structure named UNCPs@PFC‐73‐Ni. To enhance spectral overlap and maximize energy conversion efficiency, this study utilized the Er and Tm co‐doped UCNPs, which can effectively convert infrared light into visible light emission thereby exciting the porphyrin shell. Subsequent investigation reveals that the composite exhibits significant photodynamic and photothermal effects under infrared light. Encouraged by its noticeable photoactivity, UCNPs@PFC‐73‐Ni was evaluated as an antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli. Notably, significant antibacterial efficacy was observed, highlighting the potential of UCNPs@PFC‐73‐Ni as an effective antibacterial agent under infrared light irradiation.

Abstract Mechanotransduction is a strictly regulated process whereby mechanical stimuli, including mechanical forces and properties, are sensed and translated into biochemical signals. Increasing data demonstrate that mechanotransduction is crucial for regulating macroscopic and microscopic dynamics and functionalities. However, the actions and mechanisms of mechanotransduction across multiple hierarchies, from molecules, subcellular structures, cells, tissues/organs, to the whole‐body level, have not been yet comprehensively documented. Herein, the biological roles and operational mechanisms of mechanotransduction from macro to micro are revisited, with a focus on the orchestrations across diverse hierarchies. The implications, applications, and challenges of mechanotransduction in human diseases are also summarized and discussed. Together, this knowledge from a hierarchical perspective has the potential to refresh insights into mechanotransduction regulation and disease pathogenesis and therapy, and ultimately revolutionize the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of human diseases.

Abstract Toll plazas on expressways often experience congestion owing to the imbalance between traffic demand and supply. To address this issue, this paper designs a proactive traffic control method to relieve congestion at toll plazas based on the model predictive control (MPC) that integrates the dynamic lane configuration, that is, the numbers of electronic toll collection (ETC) and manual toll collection (MTC) lanes, and the variable speed limit (VSL). The proposed method first forecasts short‐term traffic demand in toll plazas based on the long short‐term memory neural network. Then the cell transmission model (CTM) is applied to predict the traffic evolutions in the toll plaza area. At last, the MPC‐based control framework is used to optimize the numbers of ETC and MTC lanes and the variable speed limit to minimize the total vehicle travel time in a rolling horizon. Micro‐simulation tests are carried out in VISSIM to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. The simulation results show that the proposed control method can significantly improve the traffic performances at the toll plazas. The findings in this study can lead to field implementation of proactive control at toll plazas.

Abstract Porous liquids are fluids with the permanent porosity, which can overcome the poor gas solubility limitations of conventional porous solid materials for three phase gas-liquid-solid reactions. However, preparation of porous liquids still requires the complicated and tedious use of porous hosts and bulky liquids. Herein, we develop a facile method to produce a porous metal-organic cage (MOC) liquid (Im-PL-Cage) by self-assembly of long polyethylene glycol (PEG)-imidazolium chain functional linkers, calixarene molecules and Zn ions. The Im-PL-Cage in neat liquid has permanent porosity and fluidity, endowing it with a high capacity of CO2 adsorption. Thus, the CO2 stored in an Im-PL-Cage can be efficiently converted to the value-added formylation product in the atmosphere, which far exceeds the porous MOC solid and nonporous PEG-imidazolium counterparts. This work offers a new method to prepare neat porous liquids for catalytic transformation of adsorbed gas molecules.

Objective To analyze dermoscopic features of vulvar lichen sclerosus in children. Methods The dermoscopic images of vular lichen sclerosus were retrospectively analyzed in 41 children who were treated at our department. Results All cases exhibited yellowish-white amorphous areas and linear vessels. Follicular keratotic plugs were seen in 30 cases (73.17%), while patients with blue-gray pepper-like granules accounted for 63.41% (26 cases). Other features included pigmented macules in 15 cases (36.59%) and reddish-purplish globules or patches in 11 cases (26.83%). Conclusions Under dermoscopy, the features of yellowish-white amorphous areas, linear vessels, follicular keratotic plugs, and bluish-gray granules are helpful for the diagnosis of childhood vulvar lichen sclerosus.

Despite the issuance of standardized garbage classification signage, the rate of garbage classification in China remains low. We conducted a pair of laboratory experiments to explore the cognitive processing differences between abstract (including recyclables, hazardous garbage, and food signs) and concrete (including paper, plastic, glass, metal, textiles, batteries, household chemicals, tubes, and food signs) classification signs. We tested a nudging strategy to enhance garbage classification behavior. In Experiment 1, we divided garbage classification signs into two conditions: an abstract condition (comprising abstract signs) and a concrete condition (comprising concrete signs). The Go/No Go task was used to simulate garbage classification behavior. Participants were instructed to press a key when the garbage stimulus matched the classification signs (Go condition) and to refrain from pressing the key when there was a mismatch (No Go condition). The results showed that responses under the concrete condition were expedited compared to those under the abstract condition. This suggests that concrete signage requires less cognitive exertion, thereby enhancing the efficiency of waste classification. In Experiment 2, we optimized the existing bin signage, which predominantly featured abstract signs (traditional condition), and transformed it into a bin signage that emphasized concrete classification signs. These concrete signs were strategically positioned on the upper part of the bins to draw attention (nudging condition). The results suggested that the nudging condition required fewer cognitive resources than the traditional condition, which in turn increased the efficiency of processing garbage classification. This study not only validates the effects of concreteness in garbage classification but also provides effective nudge strategies to complement existing garbage classification management policy tools in a realistic Chinese context.

At present, local and foreign research reports on Thunnus thynnus have focused on fishery biology, fishing, and genetic diversity, among others. There are few reports on nutrition and flavor related to the different muscles of T. thynnus. To scientifically evaluate the nutritional quality and major flavor of different muscle parts of T. thynnus, the basic nutritional components, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition, and volatile flavor substances of dorsal and abdominal muscles were compared. Except for ash, the moisture, crude protein, and fat contents varied significantly between the dorsal and abdominal muscles (P < 0.05). The moisture contents of the dorsal and abdominal muscles were 57.79 g/100 g and 50.16 g/100 g, respectively. The protein content was 24.70 g/100 g and 18.61 g/100 g, respectively. The protein content of dorsal muscles was 24.70 g/100 g, which was 1.33 times that of the abdomen. The crude fat content of the dorsal muscles was 19.34 g/100 g, and in the abdomen was 30.29 g/100 g, which was 1.57 times that in the dorsal muscles. The crude ash content of dorsal and abdominal muscles was 1.01 g/100 g and 1.08 g/100 g, respectively. Seventeen amino acids were detected in different parts of T. thynnus. The total amino acid content differed significantly between the dorsal (22.07±0.74) g/100 gand abdominal muscles (16.57±0.47) g/100 g. The essential amino acid content of dorsal and abdominal muscles was (8.61±0.29) g/100 g and (6.28±0.17) g/100 g, respectively. The content of glutamate was the highest among the amino acids, followed by aspartic acid, and the content of cystine was the lowest. The ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids of different muscle parts of T. thynnus was 40%, and the ratio of essential amino acids to nonessential amino acids was > 60%, which was close to the ideal protein nutrition evaluation model recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO). Thus, the dorsal and abdominal muscles are high-quality proteins. The umami taste of aquatic products is closely related to the content of umami amino acids. Four types of umami amino acids showed the highest content levels, namely glutamic acid, aspartic acid, alanine, and glycine (in descending order of content level). The proportion of umami amino acids in dorsal and abdominal muscles was 34.93% and 35.91%, respectively, both exceeding 30%, which indicated that the dorsal and abdominal muscles of T. thynnus have a delicious quality. In the dorsal and abdominal muscles, 24 and 29 kinds of fatty acids were detected, including 8 and 12 kinds of saturated fatty acids, 6 kinds of monounsaturated fatty acids, and 10 and 11 kinds of polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively, and there was a significant difference among the contents of different types of fatty acids. The contents of myristic acid, palmitic acid, and stearic acid were higher than those of other saturated fatty acids. The contents of oleic acid and eicosanoic acid were higher in monounsaturated fatty acids. The total content of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in the dorsal and abdominal muscles accounted for 88.55% and 75.13% of polyunsaturated fatty acids, respectively. Therefore, the dorsal and abdominal muscles have good functional properties. The FAO/WHO recommends that the intake ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the diet should be 4:6, and the ratio of dorsal and abdominal muscles ranged from 0.41 to 0.44, which is much smaller than the standard. These results indicate that T. thynnus is rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. A total of 39 volatile substances were detected in the dorsal and abdominal muscles of T. thynnus, including aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, esters, acids, alkenes, and compounds containing nitrogen and sulfur. PCA analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the odors of the dorsal and abdominal muscles of T. thynnus. Gas chromatography–ion mobility spectrometry can effectively be used to distinguish the different volatiles associated with the muscles. The relative contents of 2-methylthiophene, (E)-2-hexen-1-ol, pentanoic acid, alpha-pinene, propanoic acid, butyl butanoate, 2-pentylfuran, pentyl butanoate, dipropyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide, ethylheptanoate, alpha-terpineol, methylisobutylketone, 2-methylbutanal-D, and 2-methylbutanal-M were higher in the abdomen; the relative contents of (E)-2-pentenal, N-nitromethylethylamine, methylpyrazine, 3-methylbutanol, 1-2-dimethylbenzene, triethylamine, E-3-hexene-1-ol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate, 2-butanone, ethyl acetate, 3-butenonitrile, and 2, 4, 5-trimethylthiazole were higher in abdominal muscle. The difference in composition and content caused the dorsal and abdominal muscles to form their own flavor characteristics, which were mainly related to the amino acid and fatty acid composition of the two parts. In general, the dorsal muscles mainly presented a fatty fragrance, whereas the abdominal muscles mainly presented a clear fragrance. The dorsal and abdominal muscles of T. thynnus are rich in nutrients and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Both muscles have a delicious taste, though they vary in flavor characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for the deep processing and utilization of T. thynnus.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established non-invasive medical imaging technology. Here, to improve the performance of the technique, the authors describe the design of a pH-responsive T1-T2 dual-modal MRI contrast agent, showing enhanced imaging sensitivity in preclinical cancer models.

Abstract Background Quadratus lumborum block was recently proposed as an alternative technique for post-cesarean delivery analgesia. However, there is not a definite optimum concentration of local anesthetics. A biased coin design up-and-down method was used to explore the minimum effective concentration of ropivacaine in quadratus lumborum block for satisfactory analgesia after cesarean delivery. Methods Fifty-six patients weighing 60–80 kg after cesarean section and with ages between 18 and 40 years were recruited. For the posterior quadratus lumborum block, a volume of 25 ml of the assigned concentration of ropivacaine was injected bilaterally. The concentration administered to each patient depended on the response to the previous dose. The first patient received 0.25%. If a successful block was observed, the next patient was randomized to receive the same ropivacaine concentration (with a probability of 0.89) or 0.025% less (with a probability of 0.11). After any block failure, the concentration was always increased by 0.025% for the next. The study ended when 45 successful blocks were obtained. We defined effective quadratus lumborum block as a resting visual analog score ≤ 3 and the absence of a need for rescue anesthetics. Results The 90% minimum effective concentration of ropivacaine was 0.335% (95% CI 0.306 to 0.375%), and the 99% minimum effective concentration was 0.371% (95% CI 0.355 to 0.375%). The sufentanil consumption was 11 (11,13) and 24 (22,27) μg at 12 and 24 hours after quadratus lumborum block, respectively. Conclusions The optimum dosage of ropivacaine is a 25 ml volume of 0.335% for quadratus lumborum block after cesarean delivery. Trial registration The study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (No. ChiCTR2000040415 ).

Abstract The establishment of facile synthetic routes to engineer covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with fully conjugated structure and excellent stability is highly desired for practical applications in optoelectronics and photocatalysis. Herein, a novel linkage conversion strategy is reported to prepare crystalline thiadiazole‐linked COFs via thionation, cyclization, and oxidation of N‐acylhydrazole bonds with Lawesson's reagent (LR). The as‐prepared thiadiazole‐linked COFs not only remain porosity and crystallinity, but enhance its chemical stability. Furthermore, thiadiazole‐linked COFs are more favorable to lower exciton binding energy and promote π‐electron delocalization over the whole reticular framework than N‐acylhydrazone‐linked COFs. Notably, the extended π‐conjugation structure and decent crystallinity of the resulting TDA‐COF are reflected by its higher photocatalytic H2 evolution rate (61.3 mmol g−1 in 5 h) in comparison with that (7.5 mmol g−1) of NAH‐COF.

Abstract A model‐circulation increment‐based dynamic statistical technique (MIDST) is proposed in this paper to improve the prediction of summer rainfall over southern China (SC) where quite low prediction skills have been found in the Beijing Climate Center Climate System Model version 1.1 with a moderate resolution (BCC_CSM1.1m). The results show that BCC_CSM1.1m can hardly represent the variability of the summer rainfall anomaly and its year‐to‐year increment over SC, and the skillful predictions are mostly confined over the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. Using the dynamic model output and statistical method, the MIDST is established to capture the coupled modes between the year‐to‐year increments of the summer rainfall anomaly and the associated simultaneous three‐dimensional coupled air‐sea circulation predictors. The cross‐validation indicates that the prediction skills of the MIDST are evidently improved for both the summer rainfall increment prediction and summer rainfall anomaly prediction compared with the direct BCC_CSM1.1m prediction. The skillful prediction can persist for long forecast leads over most regions except southwestern China. As the major predictability source of seasonal prediction, the intense response to changes in the circulation related to the El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is well captured, and thus, the performance improvement of the MIDST is primarily due to its more realistic representation of the incremental circulation related to the ENSO.

Seasonal grazing is a recognized and sustainable approach to livestock management, but there is still a lack of comprehensive research on its impact on soil structure. This study utilizes advanced scanning electron microscopy technology to quantitatively evaluate the long-term effects of seasonal grazing on grassland soil structure, focusing on soil pore distribution characteristics and particle size. The investigation offers a detailed visual representation of the arrangement of soil particles at a micro-level. In both grazed and ungrazed plots (NG), soil particles ranging from 0.005 to 0.05 mm and 0.075 to 0.25 mm in size were predominant, constituting 20% and 60%, respectively. In plots subjected to seasonal grazing (grazing in June and August, G68, and grazing in July and September, G79), micro-particles (0.002–0.005 mm) and particles sized 0.05–0.075 mm were significantly lower compared to NG. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images demonstrate structural differences, with NG displaying a higher proportion of small to medium-sized particles, more small pores, and fewer large pores. Analysis of pore size and morphology reveals the prevalence of large pores in both grazed and ungrazed plots. Continuous grazing plots exhibit significantly higher proportions of large pores compared to NG, while seasonal grazing plots show no significant differences. Correlation analyses indicate associations between soil physicochemical properties, particle size, and pore structure. Total soil nitrogen (TN), total soil carbon (TC), and soil moisture positively correlate with 0.005–0.05 mm particle proportions, while EC is negatively correlated with 0.05–0.075 mm particles. This study enhances our understanding of the effects of grazing practices on soil structure and provides scientific evidence for sustainable land management.

To scientifically evaluate the nutritional components and flavor substances of different muscle parts of bigeye tuna, yellowfin tuna and bluefin tuna, the differences among different species and parts of three tuna species were compared through basic nutrients, amino acid composition, fatty acid composition and volatile flavor substances, which detected using national standard method and gas chromatography-ion migration spectrometer. The results showed that moisture content of three tuna species was quite different. The moisture content of different muscle parts was varied from 50.16 to 79.37 g/100 g, while the moisture content of bluefin tuna was significantly lower than the other two tuna species (P

A truncating variant of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-13 (17β-HSD13), a lipid droplet -associated protein, associates with lower risk of chronic liver disease. Here the authors identify a phosphorylation site in 17β-HSD13 which promotes lipolysis, and report that a knock-in mouse with a 17β-HSD13 mutant defective for phosphorylation is more susceptible to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (b‐a PWV) and white coat effect (WCE), that is the difference between the elevated office blood pressure (BP) and the lower mean daytime pressure of ambulatory BP, in a mixed population of normotention, untreated sustained hypertension, sustained controlled hypertension, sustained uncontrolled hypertension, white coat hypertension, white coat uncontrolled hypertension. A total of 444 patients with WCE for systolic BP (54.1% female, age 61.86 ± 13.3 years) were enrolled in the study. Patients were separated into low WCE ( .05 for non‐linearity). The significant association between the high WCE and the b‐a PWV was confirmed by the results of multiple regression analysis after adjusting for confounding factors (β = .78, 95% Cl .25‐1.31, P = . 004). Similar results were observed in subgroups. In conclusion, WCE is significantly associated with arterial stiffness. More research is needed to determine the WCE and target organ damage.

Abstract Background During cataract phacoemulsification surgery, an Intrepid® balanced (IB) tip can achieve a larger amplitude, which may lead to higher energy efficiency than a Kelman (K) tip when paired with a torsional phaco platform. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared their energy efficiency and damage to the cornea under a new energy setting. Methods The medical records of 104 eyes of 79 patients were reviewed, with 47 eyes belonging to the IB group and 57 eyes belonging to the K group. All surgeries were performed on an Alcon Centurion® platform with gravity infiltration. Surgical parameters, visual outcome, central corneal thickness (CCT) changes, and endothelial cell density (ECD) loss rate were recorded and calculated. Results No significant differences in postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), total ultrasound time, estimated fluid aspirated, CCT changes, or ECD loss rate were observed between the two groups. We divided the included eyes into soft nucleus and hard nucleus subgroups and found lower cumulative dissipated energy (CDE, 8.15 ± 8.02 vs 14.82 ± 14.16, P = 0.023), cumulative torsional energy (CTE, 8.06 ± 7.87 vs 14.13 ± 13.02, P = 0.027), and cumulative longitudinal energy (CLE, 0.09 ± 0.17 vs 0.69 ± 1.37, P = 0.017) in the IB group than in the K group, implying less energy used and higher energy efficiency of the IB tip. Conclusion Lower CLE in the IB group indicates fewer phaco tip obstructions and a significantly higher capability to conquer hard nuclei with IB tips with statistical significance. With an ultra-perfusion cannula, the balanced tip does not cause more corneal damage.

Chlorinated paraffins (CPs), a group of chlorinated alkane mixtures, are frequently detected in various environmental matrices and human bodies. Recently, CPs have garnered considerable attention owing to their potential to induce health hazards in wildlife and human. Several reviews have discussed short-chain CPs (SCCPs) induced ecological risk; however, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying toxic mechanisms and a comparison among SCCPs, medium-, and long-chain CPs (MCCPs and LCCPs, respectively) are yet to be established. This review summarizes the latest research progress on the toxic effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of CPs. The main toxicity mechanisms of CPs include activation of several receptors, oxidative stress, disturbance of energy metabolism, and inhibition of gap junction-mediated communication. The sensitivity of different species to CP-mediated toxicities varies markedly, with aquatic organisms exhibiting the highest sensitivity to CP-induced toxicity. The toxicity comparison analysis indicated that MCCPs may be unsafe as potential substitutes for SCCPs.

BackgroundThe present study aimed to evaluate the association between the cumulative dose of glucocorticoids (GCs) and case fatality in hospitalized patients who developed pneumonia while receiving glucocorticoid therapy.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 625 patients receiving long-term GC treatment who were hospitalized with pneumonia (322 male and 303 female). Data were obtained from the Dryad Digital Repository and were used to perform secondary analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression model and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to evaluate the association between the cumulative dose of GCs and case fatality. Sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsThe 30-day and 90-day death rates were 22.9 and 26.2%, respectively. After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with those in the lowest quintile (≤ 1.5 g), the Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that patients with different cumulative doses of GCs (1.5 to 2.95, 2.95 to 5, 5 to 11.5, and > 11.5 g) had lower risks for 30-day death, with respective hazard ratios of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.52 to 1.42), 0.81 (0.49 to 1.33), 0.29 (0.15 to 0.55), and 0.42 (0.22 to 0.79). The multivariable-adjusted RCS analysis suggested a statistically significant N-shaped association between the cumulative dose of GCs and 30-day death. A higher cumulative dose of GC tended to first lead to an increase in 30-day death within 1.8 g, then to a statistically significant decrease until around 8 g [HR for 1 g = 0.82 (0.69 to 0.97)], and again to an increase afterward. Similar results were found in the subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses.ConclusionN-shaped association between the cumulative dose of GCs and case fatality was observed in patients receiving long-term GC treatment who were hospitalized with pneumonia. Our findings may help physicians manage these patients.

Abstract Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents one of the fastest growing epidemic metabolic disorders worldwide and is a strong contributor for a broad range of comorbidities, including vascular, visual, neurological, kidney, and liver diseases. Moreover, recent data suggest a mutual interplay between T2DM and Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19). T2DM is characterized by insulin resistance (IR) and pancreatic β cell dysfunction. Pioneering discoveries throughout the past few decades have established notable links between signaling pathways and T2DM pathogenesis and therapy. Importantly, a number of signaling pathways substantially control the advancement of core pathological changes in T2DM, including IR and β cell dysfunction, as well as additional pathogenic disturbances. Accordingly, an improved understanding of these signaling pathways sheds light on tractable targets and strategies for developing and repurposing critical therapies to treat T2DM and its complications. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the history of T2DM and signaling pathways, and offer a systematic update on the role and mechanism of key signaling pathways underlying the onset, development, and progression of T2DM. In this content, we also summarize current therapeutic drugs/agents associated with signaling pathways for the treatment of T2DM and its complications, and discuss some implications and directions to the future of this field.

Abstract In this paper, three monitoring sections were set up in Lugu Lake, and water samples were collected in 2019, 2020, and 2021 for the determination of physical and chemical properties such as permanganate index, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and so on. By using the single factor pollution index method and the Nemerow pollution index method, the water quality of three monitoring sections and the whole Lugu Lake was assessed, and the temporal and spatial changes of water quality were analyzed. The findings demonstrate that Lugu Lake's overall water quality is excellent, and that it has not altered significantly in three years.The results of evaluating the water quality by the single factor pollution index method show that, in the past three years, the water quality of the three monitoring sections and the whole of Lugu Lake is Category I, which belongs to no pollution, and the measured indicators all meet the water quality standard of Category I. It can be seen from the evaluation results of the Nemerow index method that the water quality pollution index of Lugu Lake is between 0.22 and 0.34 in the past three years and the water quality evaluation of Changdao Bay, Lake center, Zhaojia Bay and the whole are Category I standards in 2019, 2020 and 2021. In terms of time changes, the water quality of Lugu Lake has remained stable between 2019 and 2021, and the water quality has been good. From the perspective of spatial changes, in 2019 and 2020, the water quality in Lake center is better than the monitoring sections of Changdao Bay and Zhaojia Bay.

In order to explore the succession of fungal community and key physicochemical properties in the fermentation process of Sichuan sun vinegar, the physicochemical properties and fungal communities of vinegar fermented grains were analyzed by national standard method and high-throughput sequencing technology. At the same time, the redundancy analysis was carried out combined with fungal community and physicochemical properties to find out the key physicochemical properties affecting the change of fungal community. The results showed that with the fermentation, the pH of vinegar fermented grains decreased, the moisture and temperature remained stable, the total acid and ammonia nitrogen content increased first and then remained stable, and the reducing sugar content increased first and then decreased. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that there were 9 phyla and 299 genera involved in the succession of fungi during the solid-state fermentation of Sichuan sun vinegar. Pichia and Lichtheimia were the dominant fungi. Through cluster analysis, the solid-state fermentation process could be divided into three stages (the first fermentation stage, days 1~8, the second fermentation stage, days 9~12, the third fermentation stage, days 14~16). The results of redundancy analysis showed that ammonia nitrogen and total acid were the main factors affecting the fungal community. Ammonia nitrogen and total acid were negatively correlated with fermentation days 1~8, and positively correlated with the fungal community at days 9~16 of fermentation. This study revealed the diversity, succession and influencing factors of fungal communities in the solid-state fermentation process of sun vinegar, which laid the foundation for mastering the variation law of fungi in the solid-state fermentation process and the subsequent association with flavor substances.

Finding highly efficient electrocatalysts for the CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2RR) that have high selectivity and appreciable current density to meet commercial application standards remains a challenge. Because their reduction potentials are similar to that of the associated competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and the CO2 activation kinetics are sluggish. Although single-atom catalysts (SACs) with high atom efficiency are one class of promising candidates for the CO2RR to produce CO, single-atom active sites supported on microporous carbons are not fully exposed to substrates and thus lead to low current density. Carbon aerogels with interconnected channels and macropores can facilitate mass transport. But few reports describe utilizing them as supports to anchor SACs for efficient electrocatalysis. Herein, N-doped carbon aerogels supporting Ni single atomic catalyst sites (denoted as Ni-NCA-X, X ​= ​10, 20) were fabricated by pyrolyzing Ni/Zn bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (Ni/Zn-ZIF-8)/carboxymethylcellulose composite gels. Owing to abundant hierarchical micro-, meso-, and macropores and high CO2 adsorption, the Ni single active sites in the optimal Ni-NCA-10 were readily accessible for the electrolyte and CO2 molecules and thus achieved an industrial-level CO partial current density of 226 ​mA ​cm−2, a high CO Faradaic efficiency of 95.6% at −1.0 ​V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode, and a large turnover frequency of 271810 h−1 in a flow-cell reactor at −1.0 ​V. Such excellent CO2RR performance makes Ni-NCA-10 a rare state-of-the-art electrocatalyst for CO2-to-CO conversion. This work provides an effective strategy for designing highly efficient electrocatalysts toward the CO2RR to achieve industrial current density via anchoring single-atom sites on carbon aerogels.

Abstract The electrochemical reduction of CO2 to value‐added chemicals would be an efficient way to utilize CO2 and mitigate greenhouse gas emission. However, the associated competitive hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in aqueous electrolytes usually leads to poor selectivity for the CO2 electroreduction reactions (CO2RR). Due to their high specific surface areas and tunable single active sites, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising candidates for CO2RR. Herein, the Fe‐porphyrin based Zr‐MOF, PCN‐222(Fe), was treated with perfluorocarboxylic acid to afford the hydrophobic Fn‐PCN‐222(Fe) (n = 5 and 7, n is the number of fluorine atoms in the perfluoroalkyl chain) for improving the selectivity CO2RR via inhibiting the HER. Owing to the single active Fe sites were positioned in a hydrophobic microenvironment, the optimal F5‐PCN‐222(Fe) shows a high Faradic efficiency of 97% toward production of CO at −0.7 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode. Meanwhile, F5‐PCN‐222(Fe) achieved a high turnover frequency value of 3850 h−1 at −0.8 V, which was almost 3.6 times higher than that of PCN‐222(Fe) and surpassed most of other reported MOFs. This study paves a new way to improve the selectivity of the CO2RR via inhibiting the associated HER by increasing the hydrophobicity of the electrocatalysts.

Summary: Ground-level ozone threatens rice production, which provides staple food for more than half of the world’s population. Improving the adaptability of rice crops to ozone pollution is essential to ending global hunger. Rice panicles not only affect grain yield and grain quality but also the adaptability of plants to environmental changes, but the effects of ozone on rice panicles are not well understood. Through an open top chamber experiment, we investigated the effects of long-term and short-term ozone on the traits of rice panicles, finding that both long-term and short-term ozone significantly reduced the number of panicle branches and spikelets in rice, and especially the fertility of spikelets in hybrid cultivar. The reduction in spikelet quantity and fertility because of ozone exposure is caused by changes in secondary branches and attached spikelet. These results suggest the potential for effective adaptation to ozone by altering breeding targets and developing growth stage-specific agricultural techniques.

BackgroundMetabolic disorders caused by intestinal microbial dysregulation are considered to be important causes of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Increasing evidence suggests that the diversity and composition of gut microbes are altered in disease states, yet the critical microbes and mechanisms of disease regulation remain unidentified.MethodsPubMed® (National Library of Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA), Embase® (Elsevier, Amsterdam, the Netherlands), the Web of Science™ (Clarivate™, Philadelphia, PA, USA), and the Cochrane Library databases were searched to identify articles published between 7 July 2012 and 7 July 2022 reporting on case–control and controlled studies that analyzed differences in enterobacteria between patients with GDM and healthy individuals. Information on the relative abundance of enterobacteria was collected for comparative diversity comparison, and enterobacterial differences were analyzed using random effects to calculate standardized mean differences at a p-value of 5%.ResultsA total of 22 studies were included in this review, involving a total of 965 GDM patients and 1,508 healthy control participants. Alpha diversity did not differ between the participant groups, but beta diversity was significantly different. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria were the dominant bacteria, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. Qualitative analysis showed differences between the groups in the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, Blautia, and Collinsella, but these differences were not statistically different.ConclusionEnterobacterial profiles were significantly different between the GDM and non-GDM populations. Alpha diversity in patients with GDM is similar to that in healthy people, but beta diversity is significantly different. Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratios were significantly increased in GDM, and this, as well as changes in the abundance of species of Blautia and Collinsella, may be responsible for changes in microbiota diversity. Although the results of our meta-analysis are encouraging, more well-conducted studies are needed to clarify the role of the gut microbiome in GDM. The systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/) as CRD42022357391.

Existing cross-lingual summarization (CLS) datasets consist of inconsistent sample quality and low scale. To address these problems, we propose a method that jointly supervises quality and scale to build CLS datasets. In terms of quality supervision, the method adopts a multi-strategy filtering algorithm to remove low-quality samples of monolingual summarization (MS) from the perspectives of character and semantics, thereby improving the quality of the MS dataset. In terms of scale supervision, the method adopts a text augmentation algorithm based on the pretrained model to increase the size of CLS datasets with quality assurance. This method was used to build an English-Chinese CLS dataset and evaluate it with a reasonable data quality evaluation framework. The evaluation results show that the dataset is of good quality and large size. These outcomes show that the proposed method may comprehensively improve quality and scale, thereby resulting in a high-quality and large-scale CLS dataset at a lower cost.