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Kangiella japonica KMM 3899 T is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a sandy sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan. Here the results of the structure and the biological activity against breast cancer cells of the cell-wall polysaccharide from K. japonica KMM 3899 T have been described. The structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was elucidated using chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy: →4)-α-L-GalpNAc3AcA-(1 → 3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1 → 4)-β-D-GlcpNAc3NAcAN-(1→. The cell-wall polysaccharide had an antiproliferative effect against T-47D cells. Flow cytometric and Western blot analysis revealed that the polysaccharide induced S phase arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

In this study, we reported the in vitro mechanisms of antiproliferative activity of capsular polysaccharide derived from marine Gram-negative bacteria Kangiella japonica KMM 3897 in human breast сarcinoma T-47D cells. Flow cytometric and Western blot analysis revealed that capsular polysaccharide effectively suppressed T-47D cell proliferation by inducing G0/G1 phase arrest and mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis. Moreover, polysaccharide influenced the ERK1/2 and p38 signaling pathways. The results of this study would enrich our understanding of the molecular mechanism of the anti-cancer activity of sulfated polysaccharides from marine Gram-negative bacteria., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The structural characterization of lipopolysaccharides has critical implications for some biomedical applications, and marine bacteria are an inimitable source of new glyco-structures potentially usable in medicinal chemistry. On the other hand, lipopolysaccharides of marine Gram-negative bacteria present certain structural features that can help the understanding of the adaptation processes. The deep-sea marine Gram-negative bacterium Idiomarina zobellii KMM 231 T , isolated from a seawater sample taken at a depth of 4000 m, represents an engaging microorganism to investigate in terms of its cell wall components. Here, we report the structural study of the R-type lipopolysaccharide isolated from I. zobellii KMM 231 T that was achieved through a multidisciplinary approach comprising chemical analyses, NMR spectroscopy, and MALDI mass spectrometry. The lipooligosaccharide turned out to be characterized by a novel and unique pentasaccharide skeleton containing a very short mono-phosphorylated core region and comprising terminal neuraminic acid. The lipid A was revealed to be composed of a classical disaccharide backbone decorated by two phosphate groups and acylated by i13:0(3-OH) in amide linkage, i11:0 (3-OH) as primary ester-linked fatty acids, and i11:0 as a secondary acyl chain.

Kangiella japonica KMM 3897 is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a coastal sea-water sample of the Sea of Japan. In this paper, the results about the structure and the antiproliferative effect on cancer cells of the capsular polysaccharide isolated from the Kangiella japonica KMM 3897 have been described. The carbohydrate polymer was isolated and purified by several separation techniques, and the structure was elucidated using chemical analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the sulfated capsular polysaccharide, containing 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-mannuronic acid was established: The capsular polysaccharide exerted a selective antiproliferative effect and suppressed the colony formation of T-47D cells., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The bacterium Streptomyces sp. KMM 9044 from a sample of marine sediment collected in the northwestern part of the Sea of Japan produces highly chlorinated depsiheptapeptides streptocinnamides A ( 1 ) and B ( 2 ), representatives of a new structural group of antibiotics. The structures of 1 and 2 were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry studies and confirmed by a series of chemical transformations. Streptocinnamide A potently inhibits Micrococcus sp. KMM 1467, Arthrobacter sp. ATCC 21022, and Mycobacterium smegmatis MC2 155.

Two cell-wall-associated polysaccharides were isolated and purified from the deep-sea marine bacterium Devosia submarina KMM 9415 T , purified by ultracentrifugation and enzymatic treatment, separated by chromatographic techniques, and studied by sugar analyses and NMR spectroscopy. The first polysaccharide with a molecular weight of about 20.7 kDa was found to contain d-arabinose, and the following structure of its disaccharide repeating unit was established: →2)-α-d-Ara f -(1→5)-α-d-Ara f -(1→. The second polysaccharide was shown to consist of d-galactose and a rare component of bacterial glycans-d-xylulose: →3)-α-d-Gal p -(1→3)-β-d-Xlu f -(1→.

A Gram-negative, non-motile bacterium КMM 3653 T was isolated from a sediment sample from the Sea of Japan seashore, Russia. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis the strain КMM 3653 T was positioned within the family Rhodobacteraceae (class Alphaproteobacteria) forming a distinct lineage with the highest gene sequence similarities to the members of the genera Pacificibacter (95.2-94.7%) and Nioella (95.1-94.5%), respectively. According to the phylogenomic tree based on 400 conserved protein sequences, strain КMM 3653 T was placed in the cluster comprising Vannielia litorea, Nioella nitratireducens, Litoreibacter albidus and Pseudoruegeria aquimaris as a separate lineage adjacent to V. litorea KCTC 32083 T . The average nucleotide identity values between strain КMM 3653 T and V. litorea KCTC 32083 T , N. nitratireducens KCTC 32417 T , L. albidus KMM 3851 T , and P. aquimaris CECT 7680 T were 71.1, 70.3, 69.6, and 71.0%, respectively. Strain КMM 3653 T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C 18:1 ω7c as the major fatty acid followed by C 16:0 . The polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified phospholipid, two unidentified aminolipids, and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of 61.8% was calculated from the genome sequence. Based on the phylogenetic evidence and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, we proposed strain KMM 3653 T (= KCTC 82575 T ) to be classified as a novel genus and species Harenicola maris gen. nov., sp. nov., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

An aerobic, Gram-negative, non-pigmented non-motile bacterium designed КMM 8518 T was isolated from a seawater sampled from the Sea of Japan seashore. Strain КMM 8518 T grew at 7-42 °C and in the presence of 1-7% NaCl. The phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and whole-genome sequences placed the novel strain КMM 8518 T into the genus Thalassobius as a separate lineage. Strain КMM 8518 T shared the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 98% to Thalassobius gelatinovorus KCTC 22092 T and similarity values of ≤ 97% to other recognized Thalassobius species. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain КMM 8518 T and T. gelatinovorus KCTC 22092 T were 79.6% and 23.5%, respectively. The major respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-10. The major fatty acid was C 18:1 ω7c followed by 11-methyl C 18:1 ω7c. Polar lipids comprised phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified phospholipid, and three unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content of 62.7% was calculated from genome sequence analysis. Based on the phylogenetic analyses and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, the marine bacterium КMM 8518 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Thalassobius for which the name Thalassobius aquimarinus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain KMM 8518 T (= KCTC 82576 T )., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Psychrobacter submarinus KMM 225 T is a Gram-negative bacterium isolated from a sea-water sample collected at a depth of 300 m in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. Here we report the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from P. submarinus KMM 225 T and its effect on the viability and colony formation of cancer cells. The glycopolymer was purified by ultracentrifugation and chromatography methods, and the structure was elucidated using NMR spectroscopy and composition analyses. The following structure of the acidic capsular polysaccharide, containing 2-acetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-4-[(S)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-d-glucose [d-QuipNAc4N(S-Hb)] and 4,6-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethylidene]-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose [d-GlcpNAc4,6(S-Pyr)] was established: The capsular polysaccharide slightly reduced the viability but effectively suppressed the colony formation of different types of cancer cells, of which the most pronounced inhibition was shown for the human chronic myelogenous leukemia K-562 cells., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Marinomonas primoryensis KMM 3633 T , extreme living marine bacterium was isolated from a sample of coastal sea ice in the Amursky Bay near Vladivostok, Russia. The goal of our investigation is to study outer membrane channels determining cell permeability. Porin from M. primoryensis KMM 3633 T (MpOmp) has been isolated and characterized. Amino acid analysis and whole genome sequencing were the sources of amino acid data of porin, identified as Porin_4 according to the conservative domain searching. The amino acid composition of MpOmp distinguished by high content of acidic amino acids and low content of sulfur-containing amino acids, but there are no tryptophan residues in its molecule. The native MpOmp existed as a trimer. The reconstitution of MpOmp into black lipid membranes demonstrated its ability to form ion channels whose conductivity depends on the electrolyte concentration. The spatial structure of MpOmp had features typical for the classical gram-negative porins. However, the oligomeric structure of isolated MpOmp was distinguished by very low stability: heat-modified monomer was already observed at 30 °C. The data obtained suggest the stabilizing role of lipids in the natural membrane of marine bacteria in the formation of the oligomeric structure of porin., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Psychrobacter marincola KMM 277 T is a psychrophilic Gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from the internal tissues of an ascidian Polysyncraton sp. Here, we report the structure of the capsular polysaccharide from P. marincola KMM 277 T and its effect on the viability and colony formation of human acute promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells. The polymer was purified by several separation methods, including ultracentrifugation and chromatographic procedures, and the structure was elucidated by means of chemical analysis, 1-D, and 2-D NMR spectroscopy techniques. It was found that the polysaccharide consists of branched hexasaccharide repeating units containing two 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-d-galacturonic acids, and one of each of 2-N-acetyl-2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-glucose, d-ribose, and 7-N-acetylamino-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-5- N -[( R )-2-hydroxypropanoylamino]- l- glycero -l- manno -non-2-ulosonic acid. To our knowledge, this is the first finding a pseudaminic acid decorated with lactic acid residue in polysaccharides. The biological analysis showed that the capsular polysaccharide significantly reduced the viability and colony formation of HL-60 cells. Taken together, our data indicate that the capsular polysaccharide from P. marincola KMM 277 T is a promising substance for the study of its antitumor properties and the mechanism of action in the future., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Two polysaccharide fractions were obtained by mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of the marine bacterium Marinicella litoralis KMM 3900 T . The major polysaccharide was found to contain glycerol 1-phosphate (PGro) and methyl phosphate substituents (PMe), and the following structure of its disaccharide repeating unit was established by sugar analysis, dephosphorylation, Smith degradation, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy: →4)-α-L-Rhap2PGro(~40%)-(1 → 3)-β-D-Manp6PMe(~80%)-(1 → . The minor polysaccharide was shown to consist of 4-O-sulfate-d-mannopyranosyl residues, non-stoichiometric methylated at O-3 and acetylated at O-6: →2)-α-D-Manp3R4S6Ac(~75%)-(1→, where R is Me (85%) or H (15%)., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Halomonas halocynthiae KMM 1376 T is a Gram-negative bacterium that has been isolated from gill tissue of the ascidian Halocynthia aurantium. Mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide of H. halocynthiae KMM 1376 T afforded an O-polysaccharide, which was studied by sugar analysis and NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the O-polysaccharide presented as sulfated α-D-mannan was established: →2)-α-D-Manp3,6S-(1→3)-α-D-Manp2Ac(∼71%)6S-(1→3)-α-D-Manp-(1→. Study of biological activity has shown that sulfated α-D-mannan can specifically reduce the cell viability and colony formation of the human breast adenocarcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, polysaccharide inhibits epidermal growth factor induced neoplastic cell transformation in mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Sulfated fucose-containing glycopolymers are currently of great interest because of their wide spectrum of bioactivity, including anti-tumor properties. In this study, the structure of O-polysaccharide (OPS) of the marine bacterium Vadicella arenosi KMM 9024 T , its effect on the proliferation of human breast cancer MCF-7 cells and cancer preventive properties were investigated. Two OPS fractions with different molecular weights were isolated and purified from the lipopolysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis followed by anion-exchange chromatography. The OPS was found to consist of α-(1→3)-linked 2-O-sulfate-d-fucopyranosyl residues, whose structure was deduced by sugar analysis along with 2D NMR spectroscopy. The biological assay indicated that polysaccharide significantly reduced the proliferation and inhibited colony formation of MCF-7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, the experiment indicated the inhibitory role of polysaccharide on EGF-induced neoplastic cell transformation in mouse epidermal cells. The investigated polysaccharide is the first sulfated fucan isolated from the bacteria., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A group of five Gram-negative aerobic halophilic bacteria was isolated from the red alga Polysiphonia sp. specimen collected from the Sea of Japan seashore and subjected to a taxonomic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the novel isolates were affiliated to the genus Labrenzia sharing the highest gene sequence similarities of 98.1-98.4% with the type strain of Labrenzia suaedae KACC 13772 T . The DNA-DNA hybridization values of 83-91% obtained between five novel strains, and 26 and 36% between two of the five novel strains and the closest neighbor Labrenzia suaedae KACC 13772 T confirmed their assignment to the same separate species. Novel isolates were characterized by Q-10 as the major ubiquinone, by the predominance of C 18:1 ω7c followed by 11-methyl C 18:1 ω7c and C 14:0 3-ОН in their fatty acid profiles. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid, and an unknown phospholipid. Some of novel strains were found to inhibit growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive test microorganisms. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic traits, a novel species with the name Labrenzia polysiphoniae sp. nov. (type strain KMM 9699 T  = rh46 T  = KACC 19711 T ), is proposed.

An aerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented non-motile rod-shaped bacterium Kr9-9 T was isolated from a brown alga specimen collected near the Kuril Islands. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis strain Kr9-9 T was assigned to the genus Winogradskyella, and its close phylogenetic neighbors were found to be Winogradskyella damuponensis KCTC 23552 T , Winogradskyella sediminis LMG 28075 T , and Winogradskyella rapida CCUG 59098 T showing high similarities of 98.1%, 97.5%, and 97.1%, respectively. It contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 15:0 , anteiso-C 15:0 , iso-C 16:0 3-OH followed by iso-C 15:1 as the major fatty acids. Polar lipids included phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified lipid. The DNA C+C content was 32.3 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, strain Kr9-9 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella algae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Kr9-9 T (= KMM 8180 T  = KACC 19709 T ).

An aerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented non-motile rod-shaped bacterium, designated Ch38 T , was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Chukchi Sea in the Arctic Ocean. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis positioned strain Ch38 T into the genus Winogradskyella as a distinct line adjacent to Winogradskyella multivorans KCTC 23891 T , sharing the highest similarities of 97.5%, 97.2%, and 97.1% with Winogradskyella eximia KCTC 12219 T , Winogradskyella damuponensis KCTC 23552 T , and Winogradskyella multivorans KCTC 23891 T , respectively. Strain Ch38 T grew at 5-36 °C and in the presence of 1-6% (w/v) NaCl. It contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C 16:0 3-OH, anteiso-C 15:0 followed by iso-C 15:0 and iso-C 16:1 as the major fatty acids. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, three unknown aminolipids, an unknown lipid and an unknown phospholipid. The DNA C + C content was 31.7 mol%. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, strain Ch38 T is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella profunda sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain Ch38 T (= KMM 9725 T  = KACC 19710 T ).

The sulfated polysaccharides are of study interest due to their high structural diversity and broad spectrum of biological activity including antitumor properties. In this paper, we report on the structural analysis of sulfated O-specific polysaccharide (OPS) and in vitro anticancer activity of O-deacylated lipopolysaccharide (DPS) of the marine-derived bacterium Poseidonocella sedimentorum KMM 9023 T achieved by a multidisciplinary approach (chemical analysis, NMR, MS, and bioassay). The OPS is shown to include two rare monosaccharide derivatives: 3-deoxy-9-O-methyl-d-glycero-d-galacto-non-2-ulosonic acid (Kdn9Me) and 3-O-acetyl-2-O-sulfate-d-glucuronic acid (D-GlcA2S3Ac). The structure of polysaccharide moiety of a previously unknown carbohydrate-containing biopolymer is established: →4)-α-Kdnp9Me-(2→4)-α-d-GlcpA2S3Ac-(1→. From a biological point of view, we demonstrate that DPS of the P. sedimentorum KMM 9023 T has no cytotoxicity and inhibits colony formation of human HT-29, MCF-7 and SK-MEL-5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The investigated polysaccharide is the second glycan isolated from the bacteria of the genus Poseidonocella: previously we studied the OPS of P. pacifica KMM 9010 T (Kokoulin et al., 2017). Both polysaccharides are sulfated and contain rare residues of ulosonic acids. Thus, obtained findings provide a new knowledge about kinds and antitumor properties of sulfated polysaccharides and can be a starting point for further investigations of mechanisms of anticancer action of carbohydrate-containing biopolymers from marine Gram-negative bacteria., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The O-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a marine bacterium Pseudomonas glareae KMM 9500 T and studied by chemical methods along with 1D and 2D 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy including 1 H, 1 H-TOCSY, 1 H, 1 H-COSY, 1 H, 1 H-ROESY, 1 H, 13 C-HSQC and 1 H, 13 C-HMBC experiments. The O-polysaccharide was found to consist of linear tetrasaccharide repeating units constituted by D-glucuronic acid (D-GlcA), L-rhamnose (L-Rha), D-glucose (D-Glc) and 5-acetamido-7,9-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethylidene]-3,5-dideoxy-L-glycero-L-manno-non-2-ulosonic acid (Sug7,9(S-Pyr)), partially O-acetylated at position 8 (∼70%): →4)-α-D-GlcpA-(1→3)-β-L-Rhap-(1→4)-β-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-Sugp8Ac(∼70%)7,9(S-Pyr)-(2→., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The O-polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a marine bacterium Simiduia litorea KMM 9504 T and studied by chemical methods along with 1D and 2D 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy including 1 H, 1 H-TOCSY, 1 H, 1 H-COSY, 1 H, 1 H-ROESY, 1 H, 13 C-HSQC and 1 H, 13 C-HMBC experiments. The following new structure of the O-polysaccharide of S. litorea KMM 9504 T containing D-galacturonamide, 2-acetamido-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose and 3,6-dideoxy-3-[(R)-2-hydroxypropanoylamino]-D-galactose was established., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We presented the structure of the sulfated polysaccharide moiety and anticancer activity in vitro of the О-deacylated lipopolysaccharide (DPS) isolated from the marine bacterium Poseidonocella pacifica KMM 9010 T . The structure of O-polysaccharide was investigated by chemical methods along with 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The O-polysaccharide was built up of sulfated disaccharide repeating units consisted of d-rhamnose (d-Rhaр) and 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdop): →7)-β-Kdoр4Ac5S-(2→3)-β-d-Rhaр2S-(1→. We demonstrated that the DPS from P. pacifica KMM 9010 T non-toxic for normal mouse epidermal cells (JB6 Cl41 cell line) and inhibited colony formation of human colorectal carcinoma HT-29, breast adenocarcinoma MCF-7 and melanoma SK-MEL-5 cells in a dose-dependent manner., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The partial structure and immunology of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Pseudomonas stutzeri KMM 226, a bacterium isolated from a seawater sample collected at a depth of 2000 m, was characterised. The O-polysaccharide was built up of disaccharide repeating units constituted by L-Rhap and D-GlcpNAc: →2)-α-L-Rhap-(1→3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1→. The structural analysis of the lipid A showed a mixture of different species. The major species were hexa-acylated and penta-acylated lipids A, bearing the 12:0(3-OH) in amide linkage and 10:0(3-OH) in ester linkage, while the secondary fatty acids were present only as 12:0. The presence of 12:0(2-OH) was not detected. The immunology experiments demonstrated that P. stutzeri KMM 226 LPS displayed a low ability to induce TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 cytokine production and acted as an antagonist of hexa-acylated Escherichia coli LPS in human blood in vitro.

Strain KMM 9513 T was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore and selected due to its ability to inhibit indicator bacterial growth. The strain KMM 9513 T has been recently described as a novel species Rheinheimera japonica. This study was undertaken to determine which substances produced by strain KMM 9513 T could be responsible for its antimicrobial activity. Eight compounds were obtained from an ethyl acetate extract of R. japonica KMM 9513 T . The structures of five diketopiperazines (4-8) and diisobutyl-, dibutyl- and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalates (1-3) were established on the basis of detailed interpretation of NMR data, by Marfey method and optical rotation data. The structures of diketopiperazines were determined as cyclo-(L-valyl-L-proline), cyclo-(L-valyl-D-proline), cyclo-(L-phenylalanyl-L-proline), cyclo-(L-leucyl-L-proline), and cyclo-(L-phenylalanyl-D-proline). Compounds 1-3, 5 and 8 revealed antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis and/or Enterococcus faecium and Staphylococcus aureus. In this paper, we describe the isolation and structural elucidation of the isolated compounds 1-8. This is the first report of the characterisation of low molecular weight antibacterial metabolites produced by a member of the genus Rheinheimera.

A new antibiotic complex of six aureolic acids was isolated from the marine sediment-associated strain Streptomyces sp. KMM 9048. Four of the compounds (3-6) were found to be similar but not identical to the known chromomycins A₂, A₃, demethyl chromomycin A₃ and A₄. The two remaining.compounds; A₂₋₁ (1) and A₃₋₁ (2), were established as novel chromomycin analogs, which did not contain sugar B. Spectroscopic methods including ID and 2D NMR, and HRMS and MS/MS were applied for structure elucidation. Compounds 1-5 showed strong antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive indicatory bacteria Enterococcusfaecium, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidernzidis, and Bacillus subtilis. Antitumor assay indicated that all tested compounds, in different manners, inhibited colony formation of RPMI-7951 and SK-Mel-28 cancer cells. This is the first study reporting the inhibitory effects of chromomycin analogs 1-5 on the colony formation of the investigated cancer cell lines. Compound 3, in a concentration of 5 nM, inhibited colony formation of RPMI-7951 and SK-Mel-28 cells by 82 % and 72 %, respectively. Our finding indicated that, of the compounds tested, 3 and 4 are promising anticancer and antimicrobial agents.

We presented the structure of the polysaccharide moiety and anticancer activity in vitro of the sulfated lipopolysaccharide isolated from the marine bacterium Cobetia litoralis KMM 3880(T). The structure of O-polysaccharide was investigated by chemical methods along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The O-polysaccharide was built up of branched trisaccharide repeating units consist of D-glucose (D-Glcр), D-mannose (D-Manр) and sulfated 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (Kdo5S): →7-β-Kdoр4Ac5S-(2→4)-[β-d-Glcp-(1→2)-]-β-d-Manр6Ac-1→. We demonstrated that the lipopolysaccharide and О-deacetylated O-polysaccharide from Cobetia litoralis KMM 3880(T) inhibited a colony formation of human melanoma SK-MEL-28 and colorectal carcinoma HTC-116 cells., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The structural analysis of a polysaccharide moiety of Pseudomonas xanthomarina KMM 1447 T lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was carried out. Mild acid degradation of LPS resulted in identification of two polysaccharides. The major one was built of β-D-GlcpNAcA residues amidated with L-Ala and Gly residues randomly. The minor polysaccharide was composed of branched tetrasaccharide repeating units constituted by two D-Galр, D-GalpNAc and ether of D-Glc with (2R,4R)-2,4-dihydroxypentanoic acid lactone (2R,4R-Dhpl): →3)-α-D-Galр-(1 → 3)-β-D-Galр-(1 → 3)-[β-D-Glcp4(2R,4R-Dhpl)-(1 → 4)]-β-D-GalpNAc-(1 → ., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of type strain Rheinheimera japonica KMM 9513(T) and studied by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy including (1)H,(1)H-TOCSY, (1)H,(1)H-COSY, (1)H,(1)H-ROESY, (1)H,(13)C-HSQC, (1)H,(13)C-HMBC, (1)H,(13)C-H2BC and (1)H,(13)C-HSQC-TOCSY experiments. The new structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of R. japonica KMM 9513(T) containing N-glycosidic bond was established., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

We studied lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, markers of oxidative stress (plasma malonic dialdehyde and dienoic conjugates) and vascular wall damage (CRP microalbuminuria, blood desquamated endotheliocytes) before and after 12 week treatment of obese pre-diabetic patients. The study showed positive dynamics of the above metabolic parameters with normalization of carbohydrate metabolism in 60% of the patients and angioprotective effect of prescribed therapy. The proposed treatment can be used to prevent diabetes mellitus.

The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a marine bacterium Pseudoalteromonas agarivorans KMM 255(T) and studied by chemical methods along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopies. The following new structure of the O-specific polysaccharide from P. agarivorans KMM 255(T) containing 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose (D-GlcNAc), D-glucose (D-Glc), D-glucuronic acid (D-GlcA) and two residues of D-galactose (D-Gal) was established: Formula: see text]., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of type strain Idiomarina abyssalis КММ 227(T) and studied by sugar analysis, Smith degradation, and two-dimensional (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy including (1)H,(1)H-TOCSY, (1)H,(1)H-COSY, (1)H,(1)H-ROESY, (1)H,(13)C-HSQC, (1)H,(13)C-HMBC, (1)H,(13)C-H2BC and (1)H,(13)C-HSQC-TOCSY experiments. The new structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of I. abyssalis КММ 227(T) containing 2-O-sulfate-3-N-(4-hydroxybutanoyl)-3,6-dideoxy-d-glucose was established., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An aerobic, gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, and non-motile bacterium designated KMM 9535(T) was isolated from a marine sediment sample obtained from the Sea of Japan seashore and subjected to a phylogenetic and phenotypic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain KMM 9535(T) was placed to the genus Flavobacterium sharing the highest sequence similarities to Flavobacterium ahnfeltiae KCTC 32467(T) (99.3%), Flavobacterium jumunjinense KCTC 23618(T) (96.5%), Flavobacterium ponti KCTC 22802(T) (96.3%), Flavobacterium urocaniciphilum JCM 19142(T) (96.1%), and Flavobacterium gelidilacus LMG 21477(T) (95.8%). The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain KMM 9535(T) and the closest related F. ahnfeltiae KCTC 32467(T) was 33%. Strain KMM 9535(T) grew at 5-36 °C and in the presence of 0-3% (w/v) NaCl. It contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone, and the major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:1, iso-C15:1, and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The DNA G+C content was 28.8 mol%. On the basis of the results obtained, it is proposed strain KMM 9535(T) to be classified as a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, Flavobacterium maris sp. nov., with the type strain of the species KMM 9535(T) (=NRIC 0920(T) = KCTC 42093(T)).

An aerobic, Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated KMM 9500(T) was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis affiliated strain KMM 9500(T) to the genus Pseudomonas as a distinct subline clustered with Pseudomonas marincola KMM 3042(T) and Pseudomonas segetis KCTC 12331(T) sharing the highest similarities of 98 and 97.9 %, respectively. Strain KMM 9500(T) was characterized by mainly possessing ubiquinone Q-9, and by the predominance of C18:1 ω7c, C16:1 ω7c, and C16:0 followed by C12:0 in its fatty acid profile. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid, and unknown phospholipids. Strain KMM 9500(T) was found to inhibit growth of Gram-negative and Gram-positive indicatory microorganisms. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, strain 9500(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudomonas, for which the name Pseudomonas glareae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain KMM 9500(T) (=NRIC 0939(T)).

Two gram-negative, aerobic, brown-pigmented, motile rod-shaped bacteria KMM 9512 and KMM 9513(T) were isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore, Russia. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, novel strains KMM 9512 and KMM 9513(T) positioned within the genus Rheinheimera (class Gammaproteobacteria) as a separate subline adjacent to Rheinheimera baltica DSM 14885(T) sharing highest gene sequence similarities of 98.6-97.6 % to their closest phylogenetic relatives, Rheinheimera muenzenbergensis LMG 27269(T), R. baltica DSM 14885(T), Rheinheimera aquimaris JCM 14331(T), Rheinheimera nanhaiensis KACC 14030(T), and Rheinheimera pacifica KMM 1406(T). Strains KMM 9512 and KMM 9513(T) belong to the same separate genospecies on the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (99.8 %) and their DNA relatedness to each other (89 %) and to closely related Rheinheimera species (25-53 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8, polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unknown aminolipids, unknown aminophospholipids, unknown phospholipids, and unknown lipids, and major fatty acid were C16:0, C16:1 ω7c, C17:1 ω8c, C12:0 3-OH followed by C17:0 and C18:1 ω7c in both strains. Strains KMM 9512 and KMM 9513(T) revealed a remarkable antagonistic activity toward a number of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization results, and phenotypic differences, strains KMM 9512 and KMM 9513(T) are proposed to be classified as a novel species of the genus Rheinheimera, Rheinheimera japonica sp. nov. The type strain of this species is KMM 9513(T) = NRIC 0918(T).

An aerobic, Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-motile rod-shaped bacterium designated KMM 9574(T) was isolated from a sand sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KMM 9574(T) belonged to the genus Sphingorhabdus sharing a highest sequence similarity to Sphingorhabdus marina JCM 14161(T) 96.8 %. Strain KMM 9574(T) was characterized by the major ubiquinone Q-10, and by the predominance of C(18:1) ω7c, C(16:0) 2-OH, C(16:1) ω7c, C(17:1), followed by C(15:0) 2-OH and C(14:0) 2-OH in its fatty acid profile. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, and an unknown lipid. The DNA G+C content was 56.5 mol %. Based on phylogenetic analysis and distinctive phenotypic characteristics, strain 9574(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingorhabdus, for which the name Sphingorhabdus pacificus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain KMM 9574(T) (= NRIC 0922(T) = JCM 30177(T)).

The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Cobetia pacifica KMM 3878 and studied by chemical methods along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including, 1D TOCSY and 2D (1)H, (1)H COSY, (1)H, (13)C HSQC, (1)H, (1)H ROESY, (1)H, (13)C HMBC and (1)H, (13)C H2BC experiments. The following new structure of the sulfated O-polysaccharide from C. pacifica KMM 3878 containing 3,4-O-[(S)-1-carboxyethylidene]-D-galactose and 2,3-O-disulfate-D-galactose was established: →4)-β-D-Gal2,3R-(1→6)-β-D-Gal3,4(S-Pyr)-(1→6)-β-D-Gal-(1→ Where R is -SO3H., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, agarolytic rod-shaped bacterium, designated KMM 9504(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the seashore of the Sea of Japan. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KMM 9504(T) belonged to the genus Simiduia as it was most closely related to Simiduia areninigrae KCTC 23293(T) (97.3% sequence similarity). Strain KMM 9504(T) was characterized by the major ubiquinone Q-8, and by the predominance of C(16 : 1)ω7c, C(17 : 1)ω8c, followed by C(16 : 0), C(15 : 0), C(17 : 0) and C(12 : 1) in its fatty acid profile. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown aminophospholipid, an unknown aminolipid, unknown phospholipids, and unknown lipids. Based on the distinctive phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA hybridization results, it is concluded that strain KMM 9504(T) represents a novel species of the genus Simiduia, for which the name Simiduia litorea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is strain KMM 9504(T) ( = NRIC 0917(T) = JCM 19759(T))., (© 2014 IUMS.)

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, saffron-pigmented, non-motile bacterial strain KMM 9545(T), was isolated from a marine sand sediment sample obtained from the Sea of Japan seashore and characterized in a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KMM 9545(T) showed a high level of similarity to species of the genus Gaetbulibacter (95.1-96.2%), the type strains of species of the genus Tamlana (94.9-96.1%) and members of the genus Algibacter (94.8-96.1%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences positioned strain KMM 9545(T) as a distinct lineage in the cluster comprising species of the genus Tamlana. Strain KMM 9545(T) grew at temperatures between 5-36 °C and in the presence of 2-4% (w/v) NaCl. It contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone and iso-C(15 : 0), iso-C(15 : 1), iso-C(17 : 1) 3-OH, iso-C(15 : 0) 3-OH and iso-C(15 : 0) 2-OH as the major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 31.3 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic distance, it can be concluded that strain KMM 9545(T) represents a novel species of the genus Tamlana, for which the name Tamlana sedimentorum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 9545(T) ( = NRIC 0921(T) = JCM 19808(T))., (© 2014 IUMS.)

The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Rheinheimera pacifica KММ 1406T and studied by chemical methods along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. It was shown that the polysaccharide contains one residue each of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-galactose (D-GalNAc), 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D- and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-L-galacturonic acids (D-GalNAcA, L-GalNAcA), 2,4-diacetamido-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-glucose (D-QuiNAc4NAc), and 4-(N-acetyl-D-alanyl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (D-Qui4NAlaAc) and has the following structure: →4)-α-D-GalpNAc-(1→4)-α-L-GalpNAcA-(1→3)-β-D-QuipNAc4NAc-(1→2)-β-D-Quip4NDAlaAc-(1→4)-α-D-GalpNAcA-(1→, (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, non-motile bacterium, KMM 9530(T), was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis positioned novel strain KMM 9530(T) in the genus Loktanella as a separate line adjacent to Loktanella sediminilitoris KCTC 32383(T), Loktanella tamlensis JCM 14020(T) and Loktanella maricola JCM 14564(T) with 98.5-98.2% sequence similarity. Strain KMM 9530(T) was characterized by its weak hydrolytic capacity and inability to assimilate most organic substrates. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10, polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown aminolipid and unknown lipids, and the major fatty acid was C18 : 1ω7c. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characterization, it can be concluded that the novel strain KMM 9530(T) represents a novel species in the genus Loktanella, for which the name Loktanella maritima sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the species is KMM 9530(T) ( = NRIC 0919(T) = JCM 19807(T))., (© 2014 IUMS.)

The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Cobetia pacifica KMM 3879(T) and studied by chemical methods along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, including 1D TOCSY and 2D (1)H, (1)H-COSY, ROESY, (1)H, (13)C-HSQC, HMBC, H2BC and HMQC-TOCSY experiments. The following new structure of the sulfated O-polysaccharide from the C. pacifica KMM 3879(T) containing rhamnose (Rha), glucose (Glc), and galactose (Gal) was established: where R is -SO3H., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The taxonomic status of two aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, orange-reddish pigmented, motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated KMM 9415(T) and KMM 9416, isolated from a deep surface-sediment sample from the Sea of Japan, was defined. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strains KMM 9415(T) and KMM 9416 revealed their affiliation to the genus Devosia with a high sequence similarity of 98.5 % to both Devosia psychrophila DSM 22950(T) and Devosia glacialis LMG 26051(T). The novel strains were characterized by the predominance of the fatty acid C18 : 1ω7c followed by C16 : 1 and C16 : 0. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-10 and the polar lipids comprised phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid and unknown glycolipids. The DNA-DNA hybridization value of 88 % between the novel strains KMM 9415(T) and KMM 9416 confirmed their assignment to the same species. The values of DNA relatedness determined for strain KMM 9415(T) and the closely related strains D. psychrophila DSM 22950(T) and D. glacialis LMG 26051(T) were 21 % and 23 %, respectively. Based on distinctive phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness, it can be concluded that the novel strains KMM 9415(T) and KMM 9416 represent a novel species within the genus Devosia, for which the name Devosia submarina sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is the strain KMM 9415(T) (= NRIC 0884(T) = JCM 18935(T)).

The aim of this study was to survey microorganisms from the deep surface sediment samples collected from the Sea of Japan and to screen them for antimicrobial and antagonistic effects. Phylogenetic analysis revealed most isolates sharing 98-100 % sequence similarity to recognized species, including those recovered previously from marine or saline environments. Alteromonas, Halomonas, Marinobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Salinicola, within the class Gammaproteobacteria, Sulfitobacter (Alphaproteobacteria), Bacillus, Paenibacillus and Paenisporosarcina (Firmicutes), Nocardiopsis and Streptomyces (Actinobacteria) occurred abundantly in all sediment samples. Antimicrobial screening revealed twenty three strains (13 %) capable to inhibit growth of one to eight test cultures and deep sediment isolates. Based on phylogenetic analysis mostly active strains belonged to the genera Bacillus, Brevibacillus, Nocardiopsis, Paenibacillus and Streptomyces. Antimicrobial substances (1-3) were isolated from strain Paenibacillus sp. Sl 79w showing a high inhibitory activity. On the basis of combined spectral analyses (IR, UV, (1)H and (13)C NMR) the compounds 1, 2 and 3 with [M + H](+) at 409.1 and 409.2 m/z, and with [M + Na](+) at 822.5 m/z were found to have a carbon skeleton of isocoumarin and peptide antibiotics, respectively. Our findings demonstrated that the deep surface sediments of the Sea of Japan represent an untapped source of diverse microorganisms capable of antimicrobial metabolite production.

An aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium designated strain KMM 9005(T) was isolated from a sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain KMM 9005(T) belonged to the genus Luteimonas and was most closely related to Luteimonas cucumeris KCTC 23627(T) (96.5 % sequence similarity) and Luteimonas aquatica LMG 24212(T) (96.1 % sequence similarity). Strain KMM 9005(T) was characterized by the presence of thin fimbriae, the major ubiquinone Q-8, by the predominance of iso-C17 : 1 followed by iso-C16 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and iso-C17 : 0 in its fatty acid profile, weak hydrolytic capacity and the inability to assimilate most organic substrates. Based on these distinctive phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain KMM 9005(T) represents a novel species of the genus Luteimonas, for which the name Luteimonas vadosa sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 9005(T) ( = NRIC 0881(T) = JCM 18392(T)).

A novel bacterial strain Sl 79(T) was isolated from a deep surface sediment sample obtained from the Sea of Japan and investigated by phenotypic and molecular methods. The bacterium Sl 79(T) was Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, motile and able to form two different types of colonies. It contained the major menaquinone MK-7 and anteiso-C(15:0) followed by iso-C(15:0) as predominant fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain Sl 79(T) belonged to the genus Paenibacillus where it clustered to Paenibacillus apiarius NRRL NRS-1438(T) with a sequence similarity of 97.7 % and sharing sequence similarities below than 96.7 % to other validly named Paenibacillus species. Strain Sl 79(T) was found to possess a remarkable inhibitory activity against indicatory microorganisms. On the basis of combined spectral analyses, strain Paenibacillus sp. Sl 79(T) was established to produce isocoumarin and novel peptide antibiotics. On the basis of DNA-DNA relatedness, phenotypic and phylogenetic data obtained, it was concluded that strain Sl 79(T) represents a novel species, Paenibacillus profundus sp. nov. with the type strain Sl 79(T) = KMM 9420(T) = NRIC 0885(T).

A new linear glyceryl acid derived heptapeptide (1), together with known isocoumarin antibiotic, Y-05460M-A (2), were isolated from the culture of the deep sea sediment strain SI 79 classified as "Paenibacillus profundus" sp. nov. Their structures were determined by 1D- and 2D- NMR techniques and ESI-MS/MS experiments. HPLC analysis of the Marfey derivatives in comparison to their analogs of authentic amino acids revealed that all amino acids in peptide 1, with an exception of Val, have the D-configuration. The compound 1 showed inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecium as well as cytotoxic and moderate colony growth inhibitory activity against SK-MEL-28 cell line.

A group of five Gram-negative, aerobic, halotolerant, non-pigmented bacteria isolated from shallow sediment samples and invertebrate specimens collected from the Gulf of Alaska and the Sea of Japan was subjected to taxonomic study. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the novel isolates were affiliated to the genus Cobetia, sharing the highest sequence similarity of 99.3-99.9 % with Cobetia marina DSM 4741(T). DNA-DNA hybridization experiments between and among the novel strains and C. marina DSM 4741(T) and Cobetia crustatorum JCM 15644(T) revealed that the five strains represent three separate genospecies, which could be differentiated in their morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Halomonas halodurans NBRC 15607(T) was included in this study as it has recently been reported to exhibit high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to C. marina DSM 4741(T), and it showed a high DNA relatedness value of 96 % with C. marina DSM 4741(T), indicating that they belong to the same species. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic characterization, three novel species are proposed, named Cobetia amphilecti sp. nov. (type strain KMM 1561(T) = NRIC 0815(T) = CCUG 49560(T)), Cobetia litoralis sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3880(T) =NRIC 0814(T) =CCUG 49563(T)) and Cobetia pacifica sp. nov. (type strain KMM 3879(T) = NRIC 0813(T) = CCUG 49562(T)). It is also proposed that Halomonas halodurans is a later heterotypic synonym of Cobetia marina, and emended descriptions of the genus Cobetia and the species Cobetia marina are provided.

The taxonomic study of two Gram-negative, aerobic, non-pigmented bacteria KMM 9010(T) and KMM 9023(T) isolated from a sandy sediment sample collected from the Sea of Japan seashore was performed. On the basis of the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences, strains KMM 9010(T) and KMM 9023(T) clustered with the Roseobacter lineage (class Alphaproteobacteria) forming a distinct phylogenetic line adjacent to the genus Donghicola. Novel strains shared the highest sequence similarity of 96.4% to each other and lower than 96.1% similarities to other validly named genera of the class Alphaproteobacteria. In both strains, ubiquinone Q-10 was found to be the major respiratory quinone; phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid, and an unknown aminolipid were the major polar lipids and C(18:1)ω7c and 11-methyl C(18:1)ω7c were predominant fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 60.5 mol% (KMM 9010(T)) and 65.4 mol% (KMM 9023(T)). Based on phenotypic properties and phylogenetic evidence, strains KMM 9010(T) and KMM 9023(T) should be classified as two novel species in a new genus, Poseidonocella gen. nov., with Poseidonocella pacifica sp. nov., the type species with the type strain KMM 9010(T) (= NRIC 0794(T) = JCM 17310(T)), and Poseidonocella sedimentorum sp. nov. as the second species with the type strain KMM 9023(T) (= NRIC 0796(T) = JCM 17311(T)).

The O-specific polysaccharide was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of a marine bacterium Oceanisphaeralitoralis KMM 3654(T) and studied by chemical methods along with (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The following new structure of the O-specific polysaccharide of O. litoralis containing D-glucose and two residues of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-mannuronic acid was established: →4)-α-D-Glcp-(1→4)-β-D-ManpNAcA-(1→4)-β-D-ManpNAcA-(1→., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

A novel actinobacterium, designated KMM 3890 was isolated from a bottom sediment sample collected from the Sakhalin shallow environment. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences demonstrated strain KMM 3890 affiliation to the genus Citricoccus. In addition to its hemolytic activity, this strain exhibited inhibitory activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It was found that the marine isolate Citricoccus sp. KMM 3890 produced and excreted into the culture medium a large amount of the compound, which was isolated and structurally characterized as known cyclic siderophore nocardamine on the basis of combined spectral analyses. Nocardamine showed inhibitory effects to colony formation of T-47D, SK-Mel-5, SK-Mel-28 and PRMI-7951 tumor cell lines and a weak antimicrobial against Gram-positive bacteria and no revealed cytotoxic activity. This study can be considered as the first report on marine isolate of the genus Citricoccus producing nocardamine with antitumor activity., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)