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Ce dossier de candidature à l'Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches se compose de trois volumes. Le premier est un mémoire de synthèse qui restitue mes activités de recherche et d'enseignement, accompagné d'une liste de mes publications et d'un curriculum vitae. Le second est un mémoire original qui rend compte des travaux que j'ai réalisés ces huit dernières années au sujet des effets sociaux de la départementalisation de Mayotte. Le troisième regroupe une sélection d'articles (18) publiés depuis 2006.

International audience

A referencing system to collect and analyse the performance of French organic rabbit farms was created using an Excel application. Reproduction data were compiled for six farms over 3 years of production (2015–2017). Does were housed in movable cages on pasture or in individual paddocks, and the livestock size averaged 33 does and varied largely according to the farm (from 8 to 62). The productive time of a doe averaged 374 days and was highly variable (75%). Female mortality averaged 17% over the period, while culling reached 10%. With 4.8 matings, 2.7 parturitions per female/year were obtained (60% fertility rate), yielding a total of 21.6 rabbits born alive and 16.7 weaned (26% mortality from birth to weaning). The yearly turnover of a full-time rabbit farmer (80 females) would potentially be around 26.3 k€/year. The database is expanding to a larger number of farms owing to the deployment of a smartphone application (GAELA). It enables management assistance for the rabbit farms and performance collection synchronized with a national secured database.

International audience

International audience

This deliverable is part of the Horizon 2020 project OK-Net EcoFeed. The overall aim of OK-Net EcoFeed is to help farmers, breeders and the organic feed processing industry in achieving the goal of 100% use of organic and regional feed for monogastrics, in particular pigs, broilers, laying hens and parents of broilers and laying hens. The aim of “Work package 4 (WP4)- Evaluation of existing tools and development of new tools” is to collect and prepare end-user materials and develop new tools adapted to the needs of farmers, feed processors and breeders and helping to solve the challenge of organic and regional feed for monogastrics. The specific objectives of WP4 are to collect, evaluate and describe existing tools and end-user material, translate and adapt most promising tools, create fact sheets and videos and develop ration-planning tools for pigs, broilers and laying hens. Following up Task 4.1: “Collection, evaluation and description of tools and end-user material”, task 4.2: “Translation and adaption of existing end-user material” aims to further make available the collected knowledge in the languages of the relevant European countries. Based on the inputs from Task 4.1 (collection of existing tools from projects partners), each Innovation Group (IG) chose the most interesting tools to be adapted/translated. This deliverable, D.4.1 “Overview of adapted and translated tools”, is an overview of all the tools which were adapted/translated by the IGs. A total of 11 tools have been translated/adapted by the end of November 2020 (5 tools are ongoing). The tool descriptions for all adapted tools as well as the adapted tools themselves will be uploaded on the Organic Farm knowledge platform.

International audience

International audience

International audience; Although organic animal production is based on farming systems that enable a high degree of expression of natural behaviour by the animals, there are still some welfare challenges in such systems. Our study provides a state of the art of practices that could improve animal welfare in organic productions and interviews with key informants have been conducted to identify gaps and opportunities for animal welfare. This study provides a shortlist of practices that could be used to improve animal welfare while taking into account farmer wellbeing and sustainability and so contributing to “One Welfare”.

International audience

Seule des quatre îles de l’archipel des Comores à avoir refusé l’indépendance en 1974, Mayotte est devenue en 2011 le 101e département français. Une double frontière, politique et économique, s’érige ainsi entre le nouveau département français et ses « îles sœurs » (Anjouan, Grande Comore et Mohéli) tandis que les frontières géographiques sont, pour leur part, beaucoup plus poreuses. En 2017, 44 % de la population recensée à Mayotte est étrangère, et 15 à 20 % sont en situation irrégulière. Les efforts démultipliés de l’État pour enrayer la pression migratoire ont assez peu d’effets, et la population mahoraise n’hésite pas à exprimer, dans la rue ou dans les urnes, son exaspération à l’endroit des Comoriens et plus particulièrement des « clandestins ». Pour autant, les relations sociales entre citoyens français et étrangers comoriens sont beaucoup plus complexes qu’il n’y paraît : si le citoyen comorien est très souvent renvoyé à son altérité du point de vue de la nationalité, il est aussi en partie intégré dans le tissu social local selon des logiques économiques, matrimoniales, territoriales, politiques, culturelles, religieuses et animistes. Ces alliances objectives entre Mahorais et Comoriens expriment toute la complexité historique et contemporaine des frontières dans cet écotone géoculturel.

International audience

International audience; The objective of this study was to determine the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in a whole seed soya bean, a soybean meal (SBM), two forage peas grain (FP), two rapeseed meals (RM) and two sunflower meals (SM). A total of 8 male growing pigs (35 kg BW) individually fitted with ileorectal anastomosis were used into two parallel 5×5 Latin square designs with 5 diets and 5 periods each. A total of nine casein-corn starch based diets were prepared with 25% of the each protein sources (diets 2 to 9) or with casein as sole source of CP and AA (diet 1). On a 6th period, a N-free diet was used to measure the non-specific basal CP and AA endogenous losses. Within each collection period, ileal digesta were collected during three consecutive days after a 4-d adaptation period to the experimental diets. When compared to the whole seed soya bean, the SID of CP and AA was significantly higher in SBM (49.1 vs 82.8% for lysine). Within the FP sources, the SID of lysine varied from 71.5 to 84.4%. This variation was related to a difference in their fibre contents (15.2 vs 13.7% NDF) and in their antitrypsin factors activity (2,908 vs 1,895 TUI/g). In RM and SM sources, the SID of lysine were rather similar despite significant changes in NDF contents suggesting that others factors would affect the bioavailability of lysine for pigs. In SM, lysine has the lower SID compared to the others AA resulting in a very low amount of SID lysine (7.5 g/kg). This low availability of lysine could be related to high temperature during the oil extraction. The comparison of the AA SID values in organic rich protein sources to those available in the INRAE tables for non-organic feedstuffs showed some nutritional specificities especially for organic sources of SBM and FP that require to be addressed in furthers studies.

The transition to 100% organic feed ingredients for organic livestock is expected to take effect from January 1st 2020 in Europe. In order to contribute to the goal of 100% use of organic and regional feed for monogastrics, this knowledge synthesis “Feeding monogastrics 100% organic and regionally produced feed“ aims to describe: • the protein need for organic monogastric animals (pigs, layers and broilers), including different breeds and rearing conditions • different protein feed resources, mostly new or not commonly used protein sources, their nutrient content, production prerequisites, and their potential feeding value • small-scale, on-farm equipment for feed processing • different feeding strategies. The knowledge synthesis should enable participants in Innovation groups (IG) and Thematic groups (TG) to choose feed materials, feeding strategies, breeds and perhaps even small-scale on-farm equipment for testing when aiming at 100% organic and regionally produced feed for monogastrics. In the knowledge synthesis it is concluded: When feeding pigs and poultry 100% organic and regionally produced feed, getting enough protein and specific amino acids is a challenge. There are two ways to go and they can be combined. One is to utilize by-products, for example waste from various productions, and explore new protein sources e.g. marine products or to refine already known products such as grass. The other way is to feed the animals less intensively and for this feeding strategy slow-growing breeds fit better. Some slowgrowing breeds are already known, some are rediscovered old breeds. The challenge with the slow-growing and less-yielding breeds is that the production is getting smaller and either the farmer will earn less or the prices of eggs and meat will increase. However, the possibilities for combinations of regionally grown feed, low-yielding breeds with different feeding strategies are many and they need to be explored. Finally, the knowledge synthesis identify needs for new knowledge on: • nutritional requirements of alternative breeds. Precise nutrient recommendations for organically produced pigs and poultry do not exist. • nutritional value of new protein sources for monogastric animals • various combinations of breeds, grazing and supplemental feed. Small-scale on-farm equipment to refine locally produced raw materials needs to be developed.

International audience; Estrus synchronization is necessary for management of gilt reproduction in pig farms. It is usually achieved by using synthetic progestagens, but there is increasing demand for non-hormonal alternative tools with the prospect of sustainability of livestock production. Moreover, in organic farms, synthetic hormones are not allowed. Before reaching puberty, gilts exhibit a “waiting period” during which external stimulations, such as boar exposure, could trigger and synchronize the first ovulation. However, practical non-invasive tools for detection of the “waiting period” in pig farms are lacking. During this period, estrone levels in urine are high, but urine sampling is difficult in group-housed females. Our objective was to identify among steroids potential biomarkers of this “waiting period” through saliva monitoring from immature to pubertal gilts using gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Starting between 144 and 147 days of age, six Large White gilts were submitted to ultrasound puberty diagnosis 3 times a week until first ovulation. Urine and saliva samples were collected to analyze weekly estrone and steroidome respectively, until puberty. Urinary estrone concentration significantly increased 2 weeks before first ovulation occurring between 182 and 192 days of age. The period with increasing estrone levels was considered as the “waiting period”. Steroidome analysis allowed identifying and quantifying 28 steroids in 500 µl of gilts saliva. Significant decrease of dehydroepiandrosterone and significant increase of 5α-dihydroprogesterone and 17β-estradiol were detected 2 weeks before puberty, suggesting that these steroids could be potential biomarkers of the “waiting period”. These results show that painless sampling of saliva could be a non-invasive welfare-friendly tool for the identification of the physiological hormonal status of the gilts and possibly the optimal time for application of the boar effect, a solution to synchronize puberty without exogenous hormones.

Les essais critiques réunis dans ce volume prennent leur ancrage dans l’océan Indien et explorent les multiples façons dont la dynamique des échanges a formé cette région multilingue, de l’Inde aux Mascareignes et au sud de l’Afrique. Frontières, bords et tiers espaces sont revisités à travers la notion d’écotone, une zone de transition entre deux écosystèmes. Si le terme a été surtout utilisé par les biologistes et les écologistes, l’angle métaphorique est particulièrement fertile en ce qu’il autorise les approches trans-disciplinaires et rend possibles des perspectives nouvelles. En anglais et en français, le but de ce volume est d’enrichir la recherche déjà publiée dans plusieurs champs disciplinaires et de participer au développement des études indo-océaniques. Les auteurs du volume réexaminent ces écotones comme des espaces de frictions autant que des espaces de fusion. Les essais sont écrits par Pallavi Chakravarty, Debdatta Chowdhury, Cécile Do Huu, Pierre-Éric Fageol et Frédéric Garan, Laurence Gouaux-Rabasa, Elisa Huet, Marianne Hillion, J.U. Jacobs, Annu Jalais, Valérie Magdelaine-Andrianjafitrimo, Nicolas Roinsard, Laëtitia Saint-Loubert, Meg Samuelson, Ritu Tyagi. Une conversation avec l’écrivaine mauricienne Shenaz Patel offre une conclusion en forme d’ouverture vers la création littéraire. This collection of critical essays anchors itself in the Indian Ocean and explores the multiple ways dynamic exchanges have shaped this multilingual region of the world, from India to the Mascarene Islands to Southern Africa. Borders, edges and third spaces are revisited through the notion of the ecotone, a transitional zone between two ecosystems. If the term has primarily been used by biologists and ecologists, the metaphorical angle proves to be fruitful as it authorizes trans-disciplinary approaches and empowers fresh perspectives. In French and in English, the aim of the volume is to contribute to scholarship already published across various disciplinary fields and to participate in the development of Indoceanic studies. The authors of the volume aim to rethink those ecotonal sites that are spaces of frictions as much as spaces of fusion. The essays are by Pallavi Chakravarty, Debdatta Chowdhury, Cécile Do Huu, Pierre-Éric Fageol and Frédéric Garan, Laurence Gouaux-Rabasa, Elisa Huet, Marianne Hillion, J.U. Jacobs, Annu Jalais, Valérie Magdelaine-Andrianjafitrimo, Nicolas Roinsard, Laëtitia Saint-Loubert, Meg Samuelson, Ritu Tyagi. A conversation with the Mauritian writer Shenaz Patel offers a conclusion that opens the horizon towards literary creation.

This deliverable is part of the Horizon 2020 project – OK-Net EcoFeed. The overall aim of OK-Net EcoFeed is to help farmers, breeders and the organic feed processing industry in achieving the goal of 100% use of organic and regional feed for monogastrics, in particular pigs, broilers, laying hens and parents of broilers and laying hens. The aim of “Work package 4 (WP4)- Evaluation of existing tools and development of new tools” is to collect and prepare end-user materials and develop new tools adapted to the needs of farmers, feed processors and breeders and helping to solve the challenge of organic and regional feed for monogastrics. The specific objectives of WP4 are to collect, evaluate and describe existing tools and end-user material, translate and adapt most promising tools, create fact sheets and videos and develop ration-planning tools for pigs, broilers and laying hens. This deliverable reports about the development of the ration planning tool to help farmers to calculate animal’s diet at farm scale. In particular, organic data are collected to propose the table with nutritional value of organic feedstuffs and animal requirement taking into account specific parameters of organic production (e.g. extensive livestock with longer growing period for pigs and broilers). Several feeds formulation software packages were reviewed to evaluate their use and limitations. Recommendations on organic animal nutrients requirement for swine and poultry were obtained from three countries (France, Germany, and Switzerland) and calculations were made to provide the total and digestible amino acids where applicable. The nutrient composition data of organic feedstuffs ingredients were obtained from an organic table made by AFZ (Association Française de Zootechnie) and ITAB while other data were obtained from Feed-table (INRA), Feedipedia, and other literature. Two feed planning packages were made for organic poultry and swine, respectively. The data were simplified to enable farmers to use the ration planning tool without extensive knowledge of feed formulation software packages. For this purpose, the tools outputs were made in charts that could be easily interpretated.

Our objective was to develop alternatives to hormones for estrus synchronization in gilts. Gilts exhibit a pre-puberty period with high urinary estrone concentration during which boar exposure could induce the first ovulation. We searched for salivary biomarkers of this period. Urine and saliva were collected on six 140-day-old gilts until puberty for estrone assay, metabolome and steroidome analysis. We identified 23 metabolites and 28 steroids in saliva. The concentration of 8 of them showed significant variations at the pre-puberty period, they were candidate biomarkers. Saliva was collected from 30 gilts exposed to a boar and subjected to estrus detection from 150 to 175 days of age. Metabolome and steroidome analyses allowed the identification of 33 metabolites and 29 steroids in saliva. Their concentrations were not significantly different between receptive and non-receptive gilts. Thus, we could not identify salivary biomarkers of the period of receptivity to the boar effect.

A smartphone application GAELA combining decision support (breeding management) and performance recording (single, direct and secure entry on a public server) for rabbit farming using individual monitoring of breeders was created. Performance of reproduction were compiled for 6 farms over 2 years of production (2018-2020). The livestock size averaged 30 does and varied largely among the farms. With 3.9 matings, 2.6 parturitions per female/year were obtained (66.8% fertility rate). Total number of kits born by parturition averaged 7.8 and total number of kits born alive averaged 7.1. The present study validated the utility of GAELA application and confirmed the modest performances in organic rabbit farming. The new version of GAELA application is available since the end of 2020. It provides new functions facilitating daily management and is improved to avoid entering incorrect information. New functions such as “Pregnancy Palpation”, “Adoption” and “Fattening Management” are also available in this version. The future version of GAELA will further provide the calculation and analysis of performances of breeders or of the flock, and it will build a national reference system for "non-conventional" rabbit farming.

The complexity of organic farming requires farmers to have a very high level of knowledge and skills, but cross- border exchange on farming practices, including organic, remains limited. The Organic Farm Knowledge platform (https://organic-farmknowledge.org/) provides access to a wide range of tools and resources about organic farming that can help improve production, and it promotes the exchange of knowledge among farmers, farm advisors, and scientists. The first version of the platform was built by the project OK-Net Arable, and it is now extended by OK-Net EcoFeed. Both projects are thematic networks funded under the European Union’s research programme Horizon 2020. OK-Net Arable aimed to improve productivity in organic arable cropping, while OK-Net EcoFeed aims to help organic pig and poultry farmers achieve the goal of using 100% organic and regional feed. In addition to these two projects, Organic Farm Knowledge is cooperating with several other projects to widen the knowledge base of the platform.

Feed production software already exists, but does not adequately meet the needs of organic animal producers. The calculation software improves the feed database to meet the needs of organic farmers. The tools objective is to help farmers achieve a 100% organic diet for monogastric animals by improving the feed database programme. This aligns with the feed objectives for the coming years, the goals of farm autonomy. The tool allows the user to compose rations for pig and poultry farming based on two entries: 1. Production objectives (Types of animals, age, slaughter weight, laying potential...) and, 2. Usable organic feedstuffs. The user manual and video help farmers properly use the tool.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is an international method that allows an estimation of a set of environmental impacts of products. A growing number of studies have used LCA to assess environmental impacts of agricultural products, but available LCA data mainly concern conventional agriculture. The ACV-Bio project has created LCA data for arable crops, grassland, forages, grapes, cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry in France. For most products, contrasting production systems were assessed to explore a diversity of organic systems. The web-based MEANS-InOut software was used to facilitate and streamline the generation of LCA data, and their external review by independent experts. Impact values were calculated for nine indicators. The InOut software was enhanced to allow assessment of intercrops and cropping systems, which are important elements of organic systems and of agro-ecological systems in general. Eco-design scenarios of pig and grape production systems allowed impact reductions of 0 - 22%, depending on the impact considered.

A referencing system to collect and analyse performances of French organic rabbit farms was created using an Excel sheet. Performances of reproduction were compilated on 6 farms over 3 years of production (2015-2017). Does are housed in movable cage on pasture or in individual paddock, the livestock size averages 33 does. The productive time of a doe averaged 374 d. and was variable (75%). Female mortality averaged 17% over the period, while culling reached 10%. With 4.8 matings, 2.7 parturitions per female/year were obtained (60% fertility rate), for a total of 21.6 rabbits born alive and 16.7 weaned (26% mortality from birth to weaning). The yearly turnover of a full-time rabbit farmer (80 females) would potentially be around 26.3k€/year. The database is actually extending to a larger number of farms, thanks to the deployment of a smartphone application (GAELA), that enable a management assistance of the rabbit farm and data collection, synchronized to a national securised database. Introduction: Organic rabbit farming (ORF) is still a niche market in France, but the consumer demand exceeds the supply from about fifty farmers. ORF French specifications contains several rules, such grazing, natural breeding, slaughter from 100 days of age (photo 1). In conventional rabbit farming, the referencing of breeding performance in a national database has been practiced for more than 30 years. This allow identifying the technical progress or difficulties of rabbit farms, and to guide development and research efforts. In independent or organic rabbit farming there is no performance benchmarking. This lack of technical references is an obstacle to the development of the "alternative" rabbit sector, since this information allows farmers and supervisors to establish, organise and size an installation project. Our work (CUNIPAT project) thus aims to develop a computer tool to build a first referencing system for ORF Material and methods: The study belongs to the CUNIPAT project (INRA-ITAB), and was carried out in 3 steps: selection of farms, development of an Excel application and data collection from farms, and finally compilation and analysis of performance data. From a first list of organic rabbit farms (Roinsard et al., 2016), 6 were selected ccording to several criteria: organic certification, located in France, 3 years of performances saved, voluntair to participate to the study. The second step consisted in developing a computer tool, based on the Excel software, easy to use (called RTS2CuniBio), to collect technical data from the breeding books of the 6 breeders. RTS2CuniBio allows compiling data from several farms and over a flexible period of time (1 month to several years); for instance we have selected a 3 years period (1/01/2015 to 31/12/2017) on 6 farms. Our analysis was restricted to reproductive performances (Table 1). The Excel application is organized into 8 sheets: a menu to easily access the other sheets; a sheet for farm description; a "breeding" sheet listing females and males and their performances (Figure 1); a "reproduction" sheet to track matings, palpation, births and weanings; a "fattening" sheet to track batches that arrive and leave fattening; a "feedlot management" sheet to monitor crawl spaces and their occupancy rates; a "technical performance" sheet, which automatically calculates various indicators (Table 1) for a flexible period of time; and finally a "data quality" sheet which allows an analysis of the validity and reliability of the data (number, quality, etc.)). Check formulas have been added to sort and correct any wrong data (e. g. input error on delivery dates, or mating dates, etc.). This Excel spreadsheet (with instructions) is available on request from the authors.

National audience

International audience; Cet article collectif a été publié sur le blog Mediapart de Nicolas Roinsard, au printemps 2018 alors que le conflit social, dont les « migrants clandestins » ont été les premières victimes, atteignait son paroxysme. Les auteur·es s’interrogent : les questions migratoires sont-elles vraiment les seules en cause dans l’explosion de la violence ? Ne sont-elles pas plutôt le symptôme d’une crise plus profonde ?

Près de dix ans après son accession au statut de département français d’Outre-mer, Mayotte offre un tableau des plus contrastés avec, d’un côté, l’avènement d’une classe moyenne salariée et, de l’autre, le maintien d’une masse importante de la population en marge des opportunités offertes par la départementalisation. Les femmes, dont une bonne part ont été faiblement scolarisées, sont particulièrement concernées par l’inactivité, le chômage et la pauvreté qui en résulte. Ainsi, la mise en œuvre du revenu de solidarité active à Mayotte a été l’occasion de révéler cette pauvreté féminine. Dans le même temps, l’importance du non-recours pose la question du renouvellement des formes de régulation endogènes de la pauvreté et des inégalités sexuées, les femmes étant traditionnellement prises en charge par des hommes selon des régimes d’obligations et de réciprocités socialement institués. L’analyse des figures contemporaines de la pauvreté féminine et de ses formes de régulation sociale informe ainsi de la dynamique des rapports sociaux de genre et de solidarité dans une société mahoraise en pleine mutation. Si le recours aux transferts sociaux est à la fois une conséquence de rapports de genre inégalitaires et le support d’une transfiguration des rapports de dépendance économique, la pauvreté prise en charge selon le régime d’obligations privées souligne, pour sa part, le maintien d’une organisation sexuée des principes d’attribution et de redistribution des ressources., Nearly ten years after becoming a French Overseas Department, Mayotte offers a highly contrasted picture with, on the one hand, the advent of a salaried middle class and, on the other, the maintenance of a significant mass of the population on the fringes of the opportunities offered by departmentalization. Women, many of whom are poorly educated, are particularly affected by inactivity, unemployment and the resulting poverty. Thus, the implementation of the Active Solidarity Income in Mayotte was an opportunity to reveal this female poverty. At the same time, the importance of non-recourse raises the question of renewing endogenous forms of regulation of poverty and gender inequalities, since women are traditionally taken care of by men according to socially instituted regimes of obligations and reciprocity. The analysis of the contemporary figures of female poverty and its forms of social regulation thus informs us of the dynamics of gender relations and solidarity in a Mahoran society in full mutation. If recourse to social transfers is both a consequence of unequal gender relations and a support for a transfiguration of economic dependency relations, poverty under private obligations underlines, for its part, the maintenance of a gendered organization of the principles of allocation and redistribution of resources., Carnets de Recherche de l'océan Indien, 05, 21-36

Nearly ten years after becoming a French Overseas Department, Mayotte offers a highly contrasted picture with, on the one hand, the advent of a salaried middle class and, on the other, the maintenance of a significant mass of the population on the fringes of the opportunities offered by departmentalization. Women, many of whom are poorly educated, are particularly affected by inactivity, unemployment and the resulting poverty. Thus, the implementation of the Active Solidarity Income in Mayotte was an opportunity to reveal this female poverty. At the same time, the importance of non-recourse raises the question of renewing endogenous forms of regulation of poverty and gender inequalities, since women are traditionally taken care of by men according to socially instituted regimes of obligations and reciprocity. The analysis of the contemporary figures of female poverty and its forms of social regulation thus informs us of the dynamics of gender relations and solidarity in a Mahoran society in full mutation. If recourse to social transfers is both a consequence of unequal gender relations and a support for a transfiguration of economic dependency relations, poverty under private obligations underlines, for its part, the maintenance of a gendered organization of the principles of allocation and redistribution of resources., Près de dix ans après son accession au statut de département français d’Outre-mer, Mayotte offre un tableau des plus contrastés avec, d’un côté, l’avènement d’une classe moyenne salariée et, de l’autre, le maintien d’une masse importante de la population en marge des opportunités offertes par la départementalisation. Les femmes, dont une bonne part ont été faiblement scolarisées, sont particulièrement concernées par l’inactivité, le chômage et la pauvreté qui en résulte. Ainsi, la mise en oeuvre du revenu de solidarité active à Mayotte a été l’occasion de révéler cette pauvreté féminine. Dans le même temps, l’importance du non-recours pose la question du renouvellement des formes de régulation endogènes de la pauvreté et des inégalités sexuées, les femmes étant traditionnellement prises en charge par des hommes selon des régimes d’obligations et de réciprocités socialement institués. L’analyse des figures contemporaines de la pauvreté féminine et de ses formes de régulation sociale informe ainsi de la dynamique des rapports sociaux de genre et de solidarité dans une société mahoraise en pleine mutation. Si le recours aux transferts sociaux est à la fois une conséquence de rapports de genre inégalitaires et le support d’une transfiguration des rapports de dépendance économique, la pauvreté prise en charge selon le régime d’obligations privées souligne, pour sa part, le maintien d’une organisation sexuée des principes d’attribution et de redistribution des ressources.

Les Tsiganes presents en France forment-ils un groupe ethnique ? Comment se construit une categorisation ethnique ? Quels rapports l’ethnicite entretient-elle avec la construction sociale de la race et de la culture ? L’ethnicite represente-t-elle un principe de cloture du groupe sur lui-meme ou bien d’autres logiques sociales sont-elles a l’œuvre ? Ces differentes questions constituent la trame de l’ouvrage de Swanie Potot qui rend compte de trois annees d’enquetes ethnographiques menees aup...

Les Tsiganes présents en France forment-ils un groupe ethnique ? Comment se construit une catégorisation ethnique ? Quels rapports l’ethnicité entretient-elle avec la construction sociale de la race et de la culture ? L’ethnicité représente-t-elle un principe de clôture du groupe sur lui-même ou bien d’autres logiques sociales sont-elles à l’œuvre ? Ces différentes questions constituent la trame de l’ouvrage de Swanie Potot qui rend compte de trois années d’enquêtes ethnographiques menées aup...