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2. Optical suppression of tilt-to-length coupling in the LISA long-arm interferometer

Author

Chwalla, M, Danzmann, K, Álvarez, M Dovale, Delgado, J J Esteban, Barranco, G Fernández, Fitzsimons, E, Gerberding, O, Heinzel, G, Killow, C J, Lieser, M, Perreur-Lloyd, M, Robertson, D I, Rohr, J M, Schuster, S, Schwarze, T S, Tröbs, M, Wanner, G, and Ward, H

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

The arm length and the isolation in space enable LISA to probe for signals unattainable on ground, opening a window to the sub-Hz gravitational-wave universe. The coupling of unavoidable angular spacecraft jitter into the longitudinal displacement measurement, an effect known as tilt-to-length (TTL) coupling, is critical for realizing the required sensitivity of picometer$/\sqrt{\rm{Hz}}$. An ultra-stable interferometer testbed has been developed in order to investigate this issue and validate mitigation strategies in a setup representative of LISA, and in this paper it is operated in the long-arm interferometer configuration. The testbed is fitted with a flat-top beam generator to simulate the beam received by a LISA spacecraft. We demonstrate a reduction of TTL coupling between this flat-top beam and a Gaussian reference beam via introducing two- and four-lens imaging systems. TTL coupling factors below $\pm 25\,\mu$m/rad for beam tilts within $\pm 300\,\mu$rad are obtained by careful optimization of the system. Moreover we show that the additional TTL coupling due to lateral alignment errors of elements of the imaging system can be compensated by introducing lateral shifts of the detector, and vice versa. These findings help validate the suitability of this noise-reduction technique for the LISA long-arm interferometer., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures

Published
2020
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3. Broadening the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects arise from diverse responses to predation and parasitism

Author

Daversa, DR, Hechinger, RF, Madin, E, Fenton, A, Dell, AI, Ritchie, EG, Rohr, J, Rudolf, VHW, and Lafferty, KD

Subjects
Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation, Biological Sciences, Environmental Biotechnology, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Infectious Diseases, Animals, Fear, Food Chain, Humans, Parasites, Population Dynamics, Predatory Behavior, natural enemies, sublethal effects, trait-mediated effects, community ecology, food webs, risk effects, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Agricultural, veterinary and food sciences, Biological sciences, Environmental sciences
Abstract

Research on the 'ecology of fear' posits that defensive prey responses to avoid predation can cause non-lethal effects across ecological scales. Parasites also elicit defensive responses in hosts with associated non-lethal effects, which raises the longstanding, yet unresolved question of how non-lethal effects of parasites compare with those of predators. We developed a framework for systematically answering this question for all types of predator-prey and host-parasite systems. Our framework reveals likely differences in non-lethal effects not only between predators and parasites, but also between different types of predators and parasites. Trait responses should be strongest towards predators, parasitoids and parasitic castrators, but more numerous and perhaps more frequent for parasites than for predators. In a case study of larval amphibians, whose trait responses to both predators and parasites have been relatively well studied, existing data indicate that individuals generally respond more strongly and proactively to short-term predation risks than to parasitism. Apart from studies using amphibians, there have been few direct comparisons of responses to predation and parasitism, and none have incorporated responses to micropredators, parasitoids or parasitic castrators, or examined their long-term consequences. Addressing these and other data gaps highlighted by our framework can advance the field towards understanding how non-lethal effects impact prey/host population dynamics and shape food webs that contain multiple predator and parasite species.

Published
2021

6. Hydrodynamic stimulation of dinoflagellate bioluminescence: a computational and experimental study

Author

Latz, Michael I, Juhl, A R, Ahmed, A M, Elghobashi, S E, and Rohr, J

Subjects
acceleration, bioluminescence, Ceratocorys, dinoflagellate, flow, Lingulodinium, numerical simulation, shear
Abstract

Dinoflagellate bioluminescence provides a near-instantaneous reporter of cell response to flow. Although both fluid shear stress and acceleration are thought to be stimulatory, previous studies have used flow fields dominated by shear. In the present study, computational and experimental approaches were used to assess the relative contributions to bioluminescence stimulation of shear stress and acceleration in a laminar converging nozzle. This flow field is characterized by separate regions of pronounced acceleration away from the walls, and shear along the wall. Bioluminescence of the dinoflagellates Lingulodinium polyedrum and Ceratocorys horrida, chosen because of their previously characterized different flow sensitivities, was imaged with a low-light video system. Numerical simulations were used to calculate the position of stimulated cells and the levels of acceleration and shear stress at these positions. Cells were stimulated at the nozzle throat within the wall boundary layer where, for that downstream position, shear stress was relatively high and acceleration relatively low. Cells of C. horrida were always stimulated significantly higher in the flow field than cells of L. polyedrum and at lower flow rates, consistent with their greater flow sensitivity. For both species, shear stress levels at the position of stimulated cells were similar to but slightly greater than previously determined response thresholds using independent flow fields. L polyedrum did not respond in conditions where acceleration was as high as 20 g. These results indicate that shear stress, rather than acceleration, was the stimulatory component of flow. Thus, even in conditions of high acceleration, dinoflagellate bioluminescence is an effective marker of shear stress.

Published
2004

7. Quantification of Ophthalmic Changes After Long-Duration Spaceflight, and Subsequent Recovery

Author

Sater, S. H, Rohr, J. J, Sass, A. M, Macias, B. R, Marshall-Goebel, K, Ploutz-Synder, R. J, Laurie, S.S, Greenwald, S, Stenger, M. B, and Martin, B. A

Subjects
Aerospace Medicine
Abstract

A subset of crewmembers are subjected to ophthalmic structure changes due to long-duration spaceflight (>6 months). Crewmembers who experience these changes are described as having Spaceflight Associated Neuro-Ocular Syndrome (SANS). Characteristics of SANS include optic disk edema, cotton wool spots, choroidal folds, refractive error, and posterior globe flattening. SANS remains a major obstacle to deep-space and planetary missions, requiring a better understanding of its etiology. Quantification of ocular, structural changes will improve our understanding of SANS pathophysiology. Methods were developed to quantify 3D optic nerve (ON) and ON sheath (ONS) geometries, ON tortuosity, and posterior globe deformation using MR imaging.

Published
2020

8. Recurrent activating mutations of CD28 in peripheral T-cell lymphomas

Author

Rohr, J, Guo, S, Huo, J, Bouska, A, Lachel, C, Li, Y, Simone, P D, Zhang, W, Gong, Q, Wang, C, Cannon, A, Heavican, T, Mottok, A, Hung, S, Rosenwald, A, Gascoyne, R, Fu, K, Greiner, T C, Weisenburger, D D, Vose, J M, Staudt, L M, Xiao, W, Borgstahl, G E O, Davis, S, Steidl, C, McKeithan, T, Iqbal, J, and Chan, W C

Published
2016
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9. Analyzing trogocytosis of T lymphocytes by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy

Author

Zink, A., Zenke, S., Wiese, T., Beyersdorf, N., Lämmermann, T., and Rohr, J.

Subjects
General Immunology and Microbiology, General Neuroscience, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
Abstract

Here, we present a protocol to examine the mechanisms underlying the intercellular transfer of transmembrane molecules, termed trogocytosis, and the fate of transferred molecules. We describe the steps needed from T lymphocyte isolation, via co-culture with cells expressing the ligand of interest, to cell harvest and subsequent staining for flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, we showcase critical parameters and pitfalls, which allow easy adaptation of the protocol to investigate trogocytosis of various cell surface receptors in different cell types. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zink and Rohr.

Published
2023

12. Nanoparticulate formulations of mithramycin analogs for enhanced cytotoxicity

Author

Scott D, Rohr J, and Bae Y

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Daniel Scott, Jürgen Rohr, Younsoo BaeDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USAAbstract: Mithramycin (MTM), a natural product of soil bacteria from the Streptomyces genus, displays potent anticancer activity but has been limited clinically by severe side effects and toxicities. Engineering of the MTM biosynthetic pathway has produced the 3-side-chain-modified analogs MTM SK (SK) and MTM SDK (SDK), which have exhibited increased anticancer activity and improved therapeutic index. However, these analogs still suffer from low bioavailability, short plasma retention time, and low tumor accumulation. In an effort to aid with these shortcomings, two nanoparticulate formulations, poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(aspartate hydrazide) self-assembled and cross-linked micelles, were investigated with regard to the ability to load and pH dependently release the drugs. Micelles were successfully formed with both nanoparticulate formulations of each drug analog, with an average size of 8.36 ± 3.21 and 12.19 ± 2.77 nm for the SK and SDK micelles and 29.56 ± 4.67 nm and 30.48 ± 7.00 nm for the SK and SDK cross-linked micelles respectively. All of the drug-loaded formulations showed a pH-dependent release of the drugs, which was accelerated as pH decreased from 7.4 to 5.0. The micelles retained biological activity of SK and SDK entrapped in the micelles, suppressing human A549 lung cancer cells effectively.Keywords: drug delivery, polymer micelles, controlled release, MTM, cancer chemotherapy

Published
2011

14. Stray light in the LISA mission: perturbation of an interferometer due to back-scattered light

Author

Rohr, J. Max, Lintz, Michel, Ast, S., Gerberding, O., Reiche, J., Heinzel, G., Khodnevych, V., Nardello, M., Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNES, INFN, and LISA Laser Interferometer Space Antenna https://www.lisamission.org

Subjects
Ondes gravitationnelles, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], interférométrie laser, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Optics, rétrodiffusion, lumière parasite, Interference & diffraction of light, Gravitational wave detectors
Abstract

International audience; LISA is a constellation of three spacecraft exchanging laser beams on a 2.5 Mkm triangle. The GW measurement exploits heterodyne interferometric phase measurements of the distance between distant optical benches, with additional interferometers measuring the test mass to optical bench movement, and the optical phase difference of the two lasers onboard the same spacecraft. Stray light (SL) can affect the operations in various ways, but the most obvious perturbation comes from coherent SL being recoupled into one of the interferometers.We present activities aiming at- characterizing the re-coupling of SL scattered from a mirror, back into a Michelson interferometer where a collimated beam hits the mirror under test. Back-scatter (BS) from the mirror is measured down to 10^-13 in power- providing a simple and approximate, yet analytic method to estimate the fraction of BS recoupled into an interferometer: when a complex optics, such as a telescope, is involved, considering only BS rays in the solid angle corresponding to an overlap with the beam waist provides a reasonably precise value of coupled SL- measuring Rayleigh BS from the "back-link" optical fibre. The back-link allows to prepare the beating of one laser with the other laser on the same spacecraft. We use a heterodyne Mach-Zehnder interferometer to measure BS power in the ppm-level. We also characterize the fibers' reaction to stress and ionizing radiation. Mitigation strategies are presented.

Published
2021

15. Home-based testing strategies for older adults in rural South Africa: a randomized controlled trial

Author

Marcus, ME., Mahlalela, N., Drame, D., Casas, FX Gomez-Olive., Rohr, J., Manne-Goehler, J., Tollman, S., Berkman, L., Kahn, K., and Baarnighausen, T.

Subjects
HIV home tests -- Usage, Home medical tests -- Usage, HIV testing -- Usage, Rural aged -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Background: Many older adults in rural South Africa still lack knowledge of their HIV status despite a high burden of HIV in this population. HIV self-testing may offer a powerful [...]

Published
2021
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19. Transforming knowledge systems for life on Earth : Visions of future systems and how to get there

Author

Fazey, I., Schäpke, N., Caniglia, G., Hodgson, A., Kendrick, I., Lyon, C., Page, G., Patterson, J., Riedy, C., Strasser, T., Verveen, S., Adams, D., Goldstein, B., Klaes, M., Leicester, G., Linyard, A., McCurdy, A., Ryan, P., Sharpe, B., Silvestri, G., Abdurrahim, A. Y., Abson, D., Adetunji, O. S., Aldunce, P., Alvarez-Pereira, C., Amparo, J. M., Amundsen, H., Anderson, L., Andersson, L., Asquith, M., Augenstein, K., Barrie, J., Bent, D., Bentz, J., Bergsten, A., Berzonsky, C., Bina, O., Blackstock, K., Boehnert, J., Bradbury, H., Brand, C., Böhme (born Sangmeister), J., Bøjer, M. M., Carmen, E., Charli-Joseph, L., Choudhury, S., Chunhachoti-ananta, S., Cockburn, J., Colvin, J., Connon, I. L. C., Cornforth, R., Cox, R. S., Cradock-Henry, N., Cramer, L., Cremaschi, A., Dannevig, H., Day, C. T., de Lima Hutchison, C., de Vrieze, A., Desai, V., Dolley, J., Duckett, D., Durrant, R. A., Egermann, M., Elsner (Adams), E., Fremantle, C., Fullwood-Thomas, J., Galafassi, D., Gobby, J., Golland, A., González-Padrón, S. K., Gram-Hanssen, I., Grandin, J., Grenni, S., Lauren Gunnell, J., Gusmao, F., Hamann, M., Harding, B., Harper, G., Hesselgren, M., Hestad, D., Heykoop, C. A., Holmén, J., Holstead, K., Hoolohan, C., Horcea-Milcu, A. -I, Horlings, L. G., Howden, S. M., Howell, R. A., Huque, S. I., Inturias Canedo, M. L., Iro, C. Y., Ives, C. D., John, B., Joshi, R., Juarez-Bourke, S., Juma, D. W., Karlsen, B. C., Kliem, L., Kläy, A., Kuenkel, P., Kunze, I., Lam, D. P. M., Lang, D. J., Larkin, A., Light, A., Luederitz, C., Luthe, T., Maguire, C., Mahecha-Groot, A. -M, Malcolm, J., Marshall, F., Maru, Y., McLachlan, C., Mmbando, P., Mohapatra, S., Moore, M. -L, Moriggi, A., Morley-Fletcher, M., Moser, S., Mueller, K. M., Mukute, M., Mühlemeier, S., Naess, L. O., Nieto-Romero, M., Novo, P., ÓBrien, K., O'Connell, D. A., O'Donnell, K., Olsson, Per, Pearson, K. R., Pereira, L., Petridis, P., Peukert, D., Phear, N., Pisters, S. R., Polsky, M., Pound, D., Preiser, R., Rahman, M. S., Reed, M. S., Revell, P., Rodriguez, I., Rogers, B. C., Rohr, J., Nordbø Rosenberg, M., Ross, H., Russell, S., Ryan, M., Saha, P., Schleicher, K., Schneider, F., Scoville-Simonds, M., Searle, B., Sebhatu, S. P., Sesana, E., Silverman, H., Singh, C., Sterling, E., Stewart, S. -J, Tàbara, J. D., Taylor, D., Thornton, P., Tribaldos, T. M., Tschakert, P., Uribe-Calvo, N., Waddell, S., Waddock, S., van der Merwe, L., van Mierlo, B., van Zwanenberg, P., Velarde, S. J., Washbourne, C. -L, Waylen, K., Weiser, A., Wight, I., Williams, S., Woods, M., Wolstenholme, R., Wright, N., Wunder, S., Wyllie, A., Young, H. R., Fazey, I., Schäpke, N., Caniglia, G., Hodgson, A., Kendrick, I., Lyon, C., Page, G., Patterson, J., Riedy, C., Strasser, T., Verveen, S., Adams, D., Goldstein, B., Klaes, M., Leicester, G., Linyard, A., McCurdy, A., Ryan, P., Sharpe, B., Silvestri, G., Abdurrahim, A. Y., Abson, D., Adetunji, O. S., Aldunce, P., Alvarez-Pereira, C., Amparo, J. M., Amundsen, H., Anderson, L., Andersson, L., Asquith, M., Augenstein, K., Barrie, J., Bent, D., Bentz, J., Bergsten, A., Berzonsky, C., Bina, O., Blackstock, K., Boehnert, J., Bradbury, H., Brand, C., Böhme (born Sangmeister), J., Bøjer, M. M., Carmen, E., Charli-Joseph, L., Choudhury, S., Chunhachoti-ananta, S., Cockburn, J., Colvin, J., Connon, I. L. C., Cornforth, R., Cox, R. S., Cradock-Henry, N., Cramer, L., Cremaschi, A., Dannevig, H., Day, C. T., de Lima Hutchison, C., de Vrieze, A., Desai, V., Dolley, J., Duckett, D., Durrant, R. A., Egermann, M., Elsner (Adams), E., Fremantle, C., Fullwood-Thomas, J., Galafassi, D., Gobby, J., Golland, A., González-Padrón, S. K., Gram-Hanssen, I., Grandin, J., Grenni, S., Lauren Gunnell, J., Gusmao, F., Hamann, M., Harding, B., Harper, G., Hesselgren, M., Hestad, D., Heykoop, C. A., Holmén, J., Holstead, K., Hoolohan, C., Horcea-Milcu, A. -I, Horlings, L. G., Howden, S. M., Howell, R. A., Huque, S. I., Inturias Canedo, M. L., Iro, C. Y., Ives, C. D., John, B., Joshi, R., Juarez-Bourke, S., Juma, D. W., Karlsen, B. C., Kliem, L., Kläy, A., Kuenkel, P., Kunze, I., Lam, D. P. M., Lang, D. J., Larkin, A., Light, A., Luederitz, C., Luthe, T., Maguire, C., Mahecha-Groot, A. -M, Malcolm, J., Marshall, F., Maru, Y., McLachlan, C., Mmbando, P., Mohapatra, S., Moore, M. -L, Moriggi, A., Morley-Fletcher, M., Moser, S., Mueller, K. M., Mukute, M., Mühlemeier, S., Naess, L. O., Nieto-Romero, M., Novo, P., ÓBrien, K., O'Connell, D. A., O'Donnell, K., Olsson, Per, Pearson, K. R., Pereira, L., Petridis, P., Peukert, D., Phear, N., Pisters, S. R., Polsky, M., Pound, D., Preiser, R., Rahman, M. S., Reed, M. S., Revell, P., Rodriguez, I., Rogers, B. C., Rohr, J., Nordbø Rosenberg, M., Ross, H., Russell, S., Ryan, M., Saha, P., Schleicher, K., Schneider, F., Scoville-Simonds, M., Searle, B., Sebhatu, S. P., Sesana, E., Silverman, H., Singh, C., Sterling, E., Stewart, S. -J, Tàbara, J. D., Taylor, D., Thornton, P., Tribaldos, T. M., Tschakert, P., Uribe-Calvo, N., Waddell, S., Waddock, S., van der Merwe, L., van Mierlo, B., van Zwanenberg, P., Velarde, S. J., Washbourne, C. -L, Waylen, K., Weiser, A., Wight, I., Williams, S., Woods, M., Wolstenholme, R., Wright, N., Wunder, S., Wyllie, A., and Young, H. R.

Abstract

Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.

Published
2020
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20. Selection procedure human medicine and psychology at the University of Witten/Herdecke: adaptation to the virtual zoom room

Author

Zupanic, M, Schulze-Rohr, J, Nitsche, J, Ostermann, T, Hofmann, M, Ehlers, JP, Zupanic, M, Schulze-Rohr, J, Nitsche, J, Ostermann, T, Hofmann, M, and Ehlers, JP

Abstract

Introduction: For the selection of students for the winter semester 2020/21, the established selection procedure of the University of Witten/Herdecke (UW/H) was adapted to the virtual space in view of the current contact ban and recommended keeping of distance. The three stations in the second step of the procedure, the biographical one-on-one interview, presentation and discussion on a subject-specific topic as well as multiple mini interviews (MMI) on the social skills of the applicants were audiovisual and in real time in zoom meetings. Project description: The medical, psychological and student reviewers were prepared for the virtual selection procedure in training sessions. Three weeks before the selection days, the applicants received information on the technical requirements for the interviews and on data protection for the persons affected by the collection of personal data. The evaluation of the virtual selection procedure was carried out by the reviewers using an online questionnaire with 8 socio-demographic, 5 organizational, 8 content and 3 open questions.Results: The 108 reviewers conducted selection interviews in tandems (medical/psychological and student reviewers) with 178 applicants for human medicine and 105 applicants for psychology. The online evaluation by 58 reviewers (response rate 53.7%) showed a positive agreement with the virtual selection procedure, with a more favorable assessment of organization and content by the medical and psychological reviewers compared to the student reviewers.Discussion: The adequate adaptation of the selection procedure of the UW/H to the virtual zoom room as well as its acceptance are confirmed by the successful execution of the selection days for the students for the winter semester 2020/21 and the evaluation of the reviewers.Conclusion: The results and analysis of this exceptional situation will be used to also conduct the upcoming selection procedure for the summer semester 2021 in the virtual space. A valid, Einleitung: Zur Auswahl der Studierenden zum Wintersemester 2020/21 wurde in Anbetracht der geltenden Kontaktsperre und empfohlenen Abstandswahrung das etablierte Auswahlverfahren der Universität Witten/Herdecke (UW/H) an den virtuellen Raum adaptiert. Die drei Stationen im zweiten Schritt des Verfahrens, das biografische Einzelgespräch, Referat und Diskussion zu einem fachspezifischen Thema sowie Multiple Mini Interviews (MMI) zu den sozialen Kompetenzen der Bewerbenden erfolgten audiovisuell und in Echtzeit in Zoom-Meetings. Projektbeschreibung: Die ärztlichen, psychologischen und studentischen Gutachtenden wurden in Schulungen auf das virtuelle Auswahlverfahren vorbereitet. Die Bewerbenden erhielten drei Wochen vor den Auswahltagen Informationen zu den technischen Voraussetzungen für die Gespräche und für die von der Erhebung personenbezogener Daten betroffenen Personen bzgl. Datenschutz. Die Evaluation des virtuellen Auswahlverfahrens erfolgte durch die Gutachtenden mit einem Online-Fragebogen mit 8 soziodemografischen, 5 organisatorischen, 8 inhaltlichen und 3 offenen Fragen.Ergebnisse: Die 108 Gutachtenden führten in Tandems (ärztliche/psychologische und studentische Gutachter*innen) Auswahlgespräche mit 178 Bewerbenden für Humanmedizin und 105 Bewerbenden für Psychologie. Die Online-Evaluation durch 58 Gutachtende (Rücklaufquote 53,7%) ergab eine positive Zustimmung zum virtuellen Auswahlverfahren, mit günstigerer Bewertung von Organisation und Inhalt durch die ärztlichen und psychologischen Gutachtenden im Vergleich zu den studentischen Gutachtenden.Diskussion: Die adäquate Adaptation des Auswahlverfahrens der UW/H an den virtuellen Zoom-Raum sowie dessen Akzeptanz werden durch die erfolgreiche Durchführung der Auswahltage für die Studierenden zum Wintersemester 2020/21 und die Evaluation der Gutachtenden bestätigt.Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse und Analyse dieser Ausnahmesituation werden genutzt, um auch das kommende Auswahlverfahren zum Sommersemester 20

Published
2020

26. Two new tailoring enzymes, a glycosyltransferase and an oxygenase, involved in biosynthesis of the angucycline antibiotic urdamycin A in Streptomyces fradiae Tu2717

Author

Faust, B., Hoffmeister, D., Weitnauer, G., Westrich, L., Haag, S., Schneider, P., Decker, H., Kunzel, E., Rohr, J., and Bechthold, A.

Subjects
Oxidases -- Genetic aspects, Antibiotics -- Physiological aspects, Streptomyces -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Results describe the urdamycin biosynthetic gene cluster composition and identify the gene products. The product of urdM exhibits similarities to oxygenase and the amino acid sequence of urdGT2 resembles that of glycosyltransferase. Data further indicate that UrdGT2 catalyzes the earliest glycosyltransfer step in urdamycin biosynthesis.

Published
2000

32. Beyond the ecology of fear: non-lethal effects of predators are strong whereas those of parasites are diverse

Author

Daversa, D.R., Hechinger, R.F., Madin, E., Fenton, A., Dell, A.I., Ritchie, E., Rohr, J., and Rudolf, V.H.W.

Abstract

Individuals can alter their behaviour and other traits to reduce threats from predators and parasites. However, predators and parasites likely elicit different responses, which subsequently lead to different non-lethal effects. We created a sequentially structured framework to examine trait responses to distinct predatory and parasitic consumers. We predicted that parasites with strong negative effects on host fitness should act like predators and elicit strong responses before attack. We also predicted that less damaging parasites and micropredators should elicit diverse responses across multiple interaction stages, because their hosts and prey remain alive while being eaten. A meta-analysis indicated that predators do tend to elicit stronger responses than parasites before attack, whereas parasites generally elicit responses after attack, albeit weaker than pre-attack responses to predators. Organisms exposed simultaneously to predator and parasite cues responded similarly when exposed to predator cues alone, suggesting that individuals prioritize anti-predator responses over responses to less harmful parasites. Extending these findings requires addressing knowledge gaps concerning responses to different consumer types, costs of immune responses, and cumulative effects of repeated responses. Expanding research beyond the predator vs. parasite dichotomy toward a broader consumer-resource perspective will facilitate understanding of non-lethal effects in complex, multi-trophic food webs.

Published
2019
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33. Bundesrepublik 3.0. Ein Beitrag zur Weiterentwicklung und Stärkung der parlamentarisch-repräsentativen Demokratie durch mehr Partizipation auf Bundesebene. Abschlussbericht

Author

Rohr, J., Ehlert, H., Hörster, S., Oppold, D., and Nanz, P.

Abstract

Die Studie Bundesrepublik 3.0 leistet einen Beitrag zur Vitalisierung der parlamentarisch-repräsentativen Demokratie, indem sie ein innovatives Konzept für Partizipation auf Bundesebene entwirft. Das Konzept wurde kokreativ in einem generativen Gestaltungsprozess entworfen,in den sowohl praktische Partizipations- und Prozesskompetenz sowie politikwissenschaftliche und verfassungsrechtliche Expertise eingeflossen sind. Das Ergebnis der Studie, ein Konzeptentwurf für wirksame nationale Beteiligungspraxis, beruht auf einer Gegenüberstellung von (1) offenen Gestaltungsfragen, die sich aus der Analyse von gegenwärtigen gesellschaftspolitischen Herausforderungen, den Schwierigkeiten von nationalstaatlichen Beteiligungsvorhaben und dem potenziellen Wirkvermögen unterschiedlicher Partizipationskonzepten ergeben sowie (2) von Gestaltungsmustern guter Beteiligungspraxis, die auf Grundlage einer Analyse von bestehenden Verfahren und theoretischen Konzepten kommunaler, regionaler und nationalstaatlicher Beteiligung extrahiert und herausgearbeitet werden. Das am Ende der Studie entwickelte innovative und praxistaugliche Modell, die Bundesbeteiligungswerkstatt, reagiert auf die beschriebenen Anforderungen – die offenen Gestaltungsfragen – und integriert die aus den Praxisbeispielen abgeleiteten Gestaltungsmuster. Es beinhaltet eine mögliche Einbettung der Bundesbeteiligungswerkstatt ins parlamentarisch-repräsentative System und lässt einen Gesamtverfahrensablauf erkennbar werden. The study Federal Republic of Germany 3.0 contributes to stimulate the representative democracy in Germany by designing an innovative concept for participation on a national level. The concept emerged from a generative design process with experts from the background of designing and facilitating public participation processes as well as from theoretical political sciences and constitutional law. The result of this study, a concept for effective and inclusive national public participation, is based on (1) outstanding design questions, which emerge from actual socio-political challenges as well as difficulties and potential effects on national public participation projects combined with (2) design patterns based on an analysis on tested participation procedures and theoretical concepts of local, regional and national public participation. The result is a conceptual design for a "Bundesbeteiligungswerkstatt" (Federal Participatory Workshop). It is a future institutionalised national body for conducting participatory procedures as part of the overall democratic system of the Federal Republic of Germany. The Federal Participatory Workshop is an answer to the described requirements, design questions, and it integrates the design patterns derived from the examined case examples. The concept includes potential ways of embedding the model into the formal political structures to strengthen and enhance the democratic system by introducing more participation.

Published
2019

34. Royal academy of medicine in Ireland international conference on homocysteine metabolism from basic science to clinical medicine: Proceedings of meeting held at Dromoland Castle, Co. Clare on July 2nd–6th, 1995

Author

Björkegren, K., Bergmark, C., de Faire, U., Mansoor, M. Azam, Svardal, A., Bostom, A. G., Roubenoff, R., Dellaripa, P., Nadeau, M. R., Sutherland, P., Wilson, P. W. F., Jacques, P. F., Selhub, J., Rosenberg, I. H., Bostom, A. G., Brosnan, J. T., Hall, B., Nadeau, M. R., Selhub, J., Bostom, A. G., Shemin, D., Lapane, K. L., Sutherland, P., Nadeau, M. R., Wilson, P. W. F., Selhub, J., Bostom, A. G., Shemin, D., Nadeau, M. R., Selhub, J., Bostom, A. G., Selhub, J., Jacques, P. F., Nadeau, M. R., Williams, R. R., Ellison, R. C., Cuskelly, G. J., McNulty, H., Strain, J. J., McPartlin, J. M., Scott, J. M., Chadefaux-Vekemans, B., Coudé, M., Aupetit, J., Kamoun, P., Coudé, M., Aral, B., Zabot, M. T., Aupetit, J., Kamoun, P., Chadefaux-Vekemans, B., Calaf, R., Ghiringelli, O., Barlatier, A., Charpiot, P., Rolland, P. H., Garçon, D., Charpiot, P., Augier, T., Chareyre, C., Rolland, P. H., Garçon, D., Chango, A., Hodez, F., Tronel, H., Nuel, G., Michel, F., Frémont, S., Méjean, L., Nicolas, J. P., Candito, M., Chambon, P., Gibelin, P., Amsellem, J., Baudouy, M., Morand, P., Candito, M., Chambon, P., Pringuey, D., Aubin-Brunet, V., Beaulieu, F., Darcourt, G., Bedoucha, P., Alchaar, H., Chatel, M., Candito, M., de Valk, H. W., van der Griend, R., Eeden, M. K. G. van, de Groot, E., Duran, M., Smeitink, J. A. M., de Klerk, J. B. C., Wittebol-Post, D., Rolland, M. -O., Haas, F. J. L. M., Meuwissen, O. J. A. Th., Banga, J. D., Poll-The, B. T., de Vries, J. I. P., Dekker, G. A., van Geijn, H. P., Huigens, P. C., Jakobs, C., von Blomberg, B. M. E., Deulofeu, R., Giralt, M., Aibar, C., Bauchet, C., Ballesta, A. M., Varela, G., Vila, N., Chamorro, A., Casals, F. J., Cremades, J. Diaz, Daly, L., Meleady, R., Graham, I., den Heijer, M., Brouwer, I. A., Gerrits, W. B. J., Bos, G. M. J., Blom, H. J., den Heijer, M., Bos, G. M. J., Koster, T., Vandenbroucke, J. P., Blom, H. J., Briët, E., Rosendaal, F. R., Fischer, G., Behrend, C., Bartholmes, P., Fermo, I., Paroni, R., Vigano, S., D’Angelo, A., Fermo, I., Paroni, R., Vigano, S., D’Angelo, A., Franken, D. G., Boers, G. H. J., Blom, H. J., Hamel, B. C. J., Franken, D. G., Boers, G. H. J., Blom, H. J., Ruijs, J. H. J., Franken, D. G., Blom, H. J., Boers, G. H. J., Tangerman, A., Guttormsen, A. B., Ueland, P. M., Refsum, H., Svarstad, E., Gao, W., Goldman, E., Jakubowski, H., Sebastio, G., Sperandeo, M. P., de Franchis, R., Andria, G., Garrow, T. A., Hladovec, J., Sommerova, Z., Písariková, A., Halsted, C. H., Villanueva, J., Chandler, C. J., Stabler, S. P., Allen, R. H., Muskhelishvili, L., James, S. J., Poirer, L., Jacobsen, D. W., Savon, S. R., DiCorleto, P. E., Jourdheuil-Rahmani, D., Rolland, P. H., Garçon, D., Joosten, E., Riezler, R., Allen, R., Joosten, E., Riezler, R., Allen, R., Marquardt, T., Ullrich, K., Harms, E., Koch, H. G., Koch, H. G., Evers, S., Grotemeyer, K. H., Vogelpohl, L., von Eckardstein, A., Ullrich, K., Deufel, T., Kraus, J., Harms, E., Kozich, V., Janosik, M., Sokolová, J., Bukovská, G., Kraus, J. P., Kluitmans, L. A. J., van den Heuvel, L. P., Stevens, E., Trubels, J. M. F., Blom, H. J., Boers, G. H. J., van Oost, B. A., Kraus, J. P., Kittner, S., Macko, R., Hebel, J. R., Rohr, J., Malinow, M. R., Upson, B., Buchholz, D., Earley, C., Johnson, C., Price, T. R., Rosario, J., Sloan, M., Stern, B., Wityk, R., Wozniak, M., Sherwin, R., Stolley, P., Kluijtmans, L., Heuvel, L. van den, Stevens, E., Trijbels, F., Blom, H., Boers, G., van Oost, B., den Heijer, M., Rozen, R., Löhrer, F., Angst, C., Fowler, B., Zaugg, M., Brunner, F., Haefeli, W. E., Nedrebø, B., Ericsson, U. -B., Ueland, P. M., Refsum, H., Lien, E. A., London, J., Paly, E., Paul, V., Paris, D., Kamoun, P., Chassé, J. F., Møller, J., Rasmussen, K., Meleady, R., Graham, I., Daly, L., Verhoef, P., Meleady, R., Graham, I., Daly, L., McMartin, K. E., Phifer, T. J., Alexander, J. S., Middlebrooks, M., Childress, L. E., Nicolas, J. P., Tronel, H., Chango, A., Fremont, S., Felden, F., Guerci, B., Creton, C., Drouin, P., Oakley, G. P., Elias, P. R. P., Hann, A. C., Curtis, C. G., Rose, F. A., Tudball, N., Parrot-Roulaud, F., Cochet, C., Catargi, B., Leprat, F., Latapie, J. -L., Perna, A. F., De Santo, N. G., Ingrosso, D., Galletti, P., Zappia, V., Parrot-Roulaud, F., Sassoust, G., Boissieras, P., Blom, H. J., Majors, A. K., Ehrhart, L. A., Pezacka, E. H., Perry, I. J., Morris, R. W., Ebrahim, S. B., Shaper, A. G., Refsum, H., Ueland, P. M., Pietrzik, K., Dierkes, J., Kroesen, M., Bung, P., Rasmussen, K., Moller, J., Rasmussen, K., Remacha, A., Garcia-Die, F., Cadafalch, J., Barceló, H. J., Parellada, H., Regland, B., Gottfries, C. -G., Andersson, M., Bagby, J., Dyrehag, L. -E., Abrahamsson, L., Ronge, E., Kjellman, B., Frosst, P., Christensen, B., Goyette, P., Rosenblatt, D. S., Genest, J., Rozen, R., Riedel, B., Ueland, P. M., Svardal, A. M., Silberberg, J., Crooks, R., Fryer, J., Ray, C., Guo, X. W., Xie, L., Dudman, N., Silberberg, J., Crooks, R., Fryer, J., Ray, C., Guo, X. W., Xie, L., Dudman, N., Silberberg, J., Crooks, R., Fryer, J., Ray, C., Guo, X., Xie, L., Dudman, N., Smith, B., Kohlman-Trigoboff, D., Simsir, S., Stabler, S. P., Allen, R. H., Strydom, A. J. C., Schlüssel, E., Preibisch, G., Elstner, E. F. E., Pütter, S., Spuijbroek, M. D. E. H., Goddijn-Wessel, T. A. W., Wouters, M. G. A. J., Molen, E. F. v. d., Blom, H. J., Boers, G. H. J., Steegers-Theunissen, R. P. M., Trijbels, J. M. F., Thomas, C. M. G., Eskes, T. K. A. B., Tsai, M. Y., Hanson, N., Key, N., Schwichtenberg, K., Garg, U., Todesco, L., Fowler, B., Pollaert, N., Haefeli, W. E., Thorand, B., Hages, M., Pietrzik, K., Bung, P., Holzgreve, W., Vila, N., Chamorro, A., Deulofeu, R., Aibar, C., Giralt, M., Ballesta, A. M., van der Mooren, M. J., Wouters, M. G. A. J., Schellekens, L. A., Eskes, T. K. A. B., Rolland, R., Blom, H. J., Put, N. v. d., Trijbels, F., Heuvel, L. v. d., Blom, H., Eskes, T., Steegers-Theunissen, R., Mariman, E., Heyer, M. d., Rozen, R., Daher, R., Van Lente, F., Vilkovsky, A. B., Maev, I. V., Richter, E. L., Kirnus, M. D., Varela-Moreiras, G., Alonso-Aperte, E., Rubio, M., Gassó, M., Deulofeu, R., Alvarez, L., Caballeria, J., Rodés, J., Mato, J. M., van Aerts, L. A. G. J. M., Peereboom-Stegeman, J. H. J. Copius, Noordhoek, J., Eskes, T. K. A. B., Molen, E. F. v. d., Spuijbroek, M. D. E. H., Eskes, T. K. A. B., Heuvel, L. P. v. d., Monnens, L. A. H., Blom, H. J., van Guidener, C., Janssen, M. J. F. M., Surachno, J., Stehouwer, C. D. A., van den Berg, M., Bierdrager, E., Rauwerda, J. A., Wilcken, B., Hammond, J., Wouters, M. G. A. J., Hamilton, C. J. C. M., Blom, H. J., Boers, G. H. J., Thomas, C. M. G., Borm, G. F., Eskes, T. K. A. B., Wang, H., Tsai, J. -C., Perrella, M. A., Yoshizumi, M., Sibinga, N. E. S., Haber, E., Chang, T. H. -T., Schlegel, R., Lee, M. -E., Woodside, J., McMaster, D., Yarnell, J., Young, I., Mercer, C., Byrne, K., Evans, A., Gey, F., Gao, X. M., Dougan, G., Wordsworth, P., McMichael, A., Young, P. B., Kennedy, D. G., Molloy, A. M., Scott, J. M., Ward, P., Naughten, E., Cahalane, S., Murphy, D., Mayne, P., Chauveau, P., Chadefaux-Vekemans, B., Coudé, M., Aupetit, J., Kamoun, P., Jungers, P., van Asselt, D. Z. B., Blom, H. J., de Wild, G. M., van Staveren, W. A., Hoefnagels, W. H. L., Naruszewicz, M., Staniewicz, A., Dziewanowski, K., Evrovski, J., Cole, D. E. C., Callaghan, Michael, Lindgren, A., Brattström, L., Hultberg, B., Verhoef, P., Hennekens, C. H., Allen, R. H., Stabler, S. P., Willett, W. C., Stampfer, M. J., Frantzen, F., Sundrehagen, E., Verhoef, P., Kok, F. J., Stampfer, M. J., Willett, W. C., Gaziano, J. M., Hennekens, C. H., Allen, R. H., Stabler, S. P., Reynolds, R. D., Hsu, R. -J., Shane, B., Robinson, K., Kottke-Marchant, K., Green, R., Gupta, A., Jacobsen, D., Robinson, K., Mayer, E., Gupta, A., Miller, D., Marchant, K., Green, R., Jacobsen, D., Greene, R., Chong, Y. -Y., Jacobsen, D., Robinson, K., Gupta, M., Sheppard, C. A., Matthews, R. G., Goyette, P., Frosst, P., Rozen, R., Verhoef, P., Kok, F. J., Kruyssen, H. A. C. M., Witteman, J. C. M., Ueland, P. M., Boushey, C., Beresford, S., Omenn, G., Motulsky, A. G., Nygard, O., Vollset, S. E., Kvale, G., Stensvold, I., Ueland, P. M., Refsum, H., Fiskerstrand, T., Ueland, P. M., Refsum, H., Bugge, K. H., Oshaug, A., Bjønnes, C. H., Refsum, H., Wu, J. T., Wu, L. L., and Wilson, L. W.

Published
1995
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49. A Novel Nanoconjugate of Landomycin A with C60 Fullerene for Cancer Targeted Therapy: In Vitro Studies.

Author

Bilobrov, V., Sokolova, V., Prylutska, S., Panchuk, R., Litsis, O., Osetskyi, V., Evstigneev, M., Prylutskyy, Yu., Epple, M., Ritter, U., and Rohr, J.

Subjects
CANCER treatment, FULLERENES, ANGUCYCLINES, STREPTOMYCES, MOLECULAR models, ANTINEOPLASTIC agents
Abstract

Introduction: Landomycins are a subgroup of angucycline antibiotics that are produced by Streptomyces bacteria and possess strong antineoplastic potential. Literature data suggest that enhancement of the therapeutic activity of this drug may be achieved by means of creating specific drug delivery systems. Here we propose to adopt C60 fullerene as flexible and stable nanocarrier for landomycin delivery into tumor cells.Methods: The methods of molecular modelling, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to study the assembly of C60 fullerene and the anticancer drug Landomycin A (LA) in aqueous solution. Cytotoxic activity of this nanocomplex was studied in vitro towards two cancer cell lines in comparison to human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) test and a live/dead assay. The morphology of the cells incubated with fullerene-drug nanoparticles and their uptake into target cells were studied by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence light microscopy.Results: The viability of primary cells (hMSCs, as a model for healthy cells) and cancer cell lines (human osteosarcoma cells, MG-63, and mouse mammary cells, 4T1, as models for cancer cells) was studied after incubation with water-soluble C60 fullerenes, LA and the mixture C60 + LA. The C60 + LA nanocomplex in contrast to LA alone showed higher toxicity towards cancer cells and lower toxicity towards normal cells, whereas the water-soluble C60 fullerenes at the same concentration were not toxic for the cells.Conclusions: The obtained physico-chemical data indicate a complexation between the two compounds, leading to the formation of a C60 + LA nanocomposite. It was concluded that immobilization of LA on C60 fullerene enhances selectivity of action of this anticancer drug in vitro, indicating on possibility of further preclinical studies of novel C60 + LA nanocomposites on animal tumor models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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