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Manufacturing maraging steel components using laser-based powder bed fusion (LPBF) presents an attractive proposition for industries due to the material's combination of mechanical properties such as hardness, wear resistance, toughness and the capability to produce parts with complex geometries and high precision. Despite these advantages, the LPBF process induces defects such as distortion and residual stress associated with the complex thermal cycles, compromising final part quality. Numerical simulations have been developed to predict these defects. However, LPBF simulations remain challenging due to the complexity of the process and the substantial computational resources required. For maraging steel, for example, the occurrence of phase transformation promotes compressive stress that interferes in results and makes simulations inaccurate. This research aims to simulate a geometry with a circular inner channel and investigate distortion, volume fraction of martensite and equivalent stress results. Modeling was performed by varying phase transformation rate parameters to assess the impact of transformations on simulation outcomes. Results showed minimal impact of these parameters on distortions and equivalent stress. Equivalent stress results were compared with literature findings, while distortion results were validated against experimental data to validate the accuracy of the model.

Introduction: The novel coronavirus, dubbed SARS-CoV-2, which causes the COVID-19 disease, was detected on December 31, 2019, in Wuhan, China. Objective: To perform a systematic review with a meta-analysis about the prevalence of headache and myalgia in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Methods: High-sensitivity research was conducted on the main platforms (Medline by PubMed, Embase (Elsevier), and Cochrane Library). The entire versions of the manuscripts were analyzed by three independent researchers, and only observational studies describing the symptoms of the selected sample were included. Results: 1,782 studies were identified, which were submitted to exclusion criteria, remaining only 62 manuscripts to do qualitative synthesis and metanalysis. Of the 28,412 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2, 12% (95% CI 9% - 16%) presented headache and 19% (95% CI 14% - 24%) presented myalgia, both with statistical significance and high heterogeneity (I2=97.0%, p

Este artículo reseña: Luis Efrén RÍOS VEGA, Irene SPIGNO (dirs.), Fernando Gustavo RUZ DUEÑAS (coord.), Los derechos humanos en los tiempos de la pandemia Covid-19, Tirant lo Blanch, México, 2022, 262 pp.

Superduplex stainless steels (SDSS) are known for their combination of good mechanical properties and excellent corrosion resistance, enabled by the microstructural balance between austenite and ferrite and an amount of alloying elements. Their application in welded components is, however, limited by the possibility of the precipitation of intermetallic phases and microstructural misbalance, which might hinder their properties, especially in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). This work introduces a methodology that relies simultaneously on physical and numerical simulations to study the HAZ in a UNS S32750 SDSS. Dimensions of the fusion zone and thermal cycles were calibrated for a numerical model using preliminary welding trials. Numerically simulated cycles for each heat input (HI) were physically reproduced in a Gleeble® simulator, and the heat-treated samples were characterized and compared with real specimens welded using the same parameters. Thermal curves resulting from the numerical simulations were successfully replicated by the Gleeble®, indicating adequate application of the desired HI. The hardness and microstructural results from simulated and welded specimens were also found to be quite similar. Therefore, the proposed methodology showed itself adequate not only for the study of duplex stainless steels, but also of materials with similar thermal and mechanical properties, including the extrapolation of welding parameters.

En el contexto de la globalización, y tomando en consideración las múltiples tensiones que dicho escenario impone sobre el concepto de ciudadanía, es necesario cuestionar aquellos elementos que bajo una lectura clásica de la misma, impiden su ejercicio fuera de los márgenes del Estado. Por ello, en este artículo se analizan elementos como el patriotismo y la nacionalidad, así como las repercusiones que tiene la inmigración en dicho concepto, con el fin de hacer una propuesta más dinámica de la ciudadanía, acorde con la realidad contemporánea.

El concepto de ciudadanía cosmopolita ha estado presente en el pensamiento filosófico desde la Ilustración. En la filosofía política contemporánea este concepto ha merecido la atención de algunos autores, aunque no todas sus propuestas han tenido el mismo éxito. En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las ideas que sobre la ciudadanía cosmopolita expuso John Rawls en su trabajo “El derecho de gentes”, y algunas críticas que pueden hacerse a esa propuesta.

Immobility in the bed of pediatric patients in intensive care units increases the risk of morbidities such as pneumonia, with consequences for autonomic function. Physiotherapy based on physical exercise is part of the rehabilitation process and can modify autonomic function. To compare the effects of two physical therapy protocols, one conventional and the other based on physical exercise, on heart rate variability, length of stay and invasive mechanical ventilation in children with ventilator-associated pneumonia. This is a randomized clinical trial, the volunteers were divided into a control group (submitted to a physiotherapy protocol with only breathing exercises and passive mobilization) and an experimental group (submitted to a physiotherapy protocol based on physical exercise). Patients aged 1 to 8 years, on invasive mechanical ventilation, with pneumonia were included. The rehabilitation protocol took place for 4 consecutive days. The collection of heart rate variability occurred in the pre-protocol period, on the 2nd day, 1 day after the end of the protocol. 25 patients completed the study. There was a reduction in the time of invasive mechanical ventilation in the experimental group (p = 0.01). There was an improvement in the heart rate variability of the experimental group in all indices (p < 0.01). The post-protocol analysis of the groups showed significant values in all variables (p < 0.05). Exercise-based physical therapy protocol improved autonomic heart rate modulation and reduced IMV time in children with ventilator-associated pneumonia.

This work provides a comprehensive evaluation of the energy transition scenarios of four countries Brazil, Germany, France, and the UK in the context of climate change and the urgent need for decarbonisation and their efforts to achieve NetZero goals by 2030. The study adopts bibliometric analysis as a technical procedure to identify energy transition policies, research groups, and institutions, actions of private companies, and new perspectives and trends for future studies about NetZero. The analysis highlights the emergence of new technologies such as bioenergy, hydrogen-based systems, and renewable energy storage solutions, which are essential for achieving NetZero goals. It emphasizes the need to move beyond using fossil fuels more efficiently and instead, to adopt innovative approaches to decarbonise industries and transportation. The study highlights the emergence of new technologies such as hydrogen-based systems, renewable energy storage solutions, and advanced carbon capture and utilization methods, which have the potential to accelerate the energy transition. The circular economy is also emerging as a promising avenue for reducing waste and conserving resources. The research identifies block chain technology as a potential tool for facilitating carbon offset trading, while artificial intelligence can be used to optimize energy consumption. Collaboration between governments, research institutions, and private companies is essential for driving progress in the field and achieving NetZero goals. Overall, this research provides valuable insights and a starting point for further studies on NetZero and decarbonisation.

Boron-manganese steel 22MnB5 is extensively used in structural automotive components. Knowledge about its microstructural evolution during hot stamping and resistance spot welding (RSW) is extremely relevant to guarantee compliance with application requirements. Particularly, corrosion properties are critical to the application of uncoated sheet steels. However, microstructural studies are usually simplified to top-hat geometries, which might not be fully representative of the complex thermomechanical cycles locally faced by a real component. Therefore, the present work brings an extensive characterization of a hot-stamped 22MnB5 automotive B-pillar in terms of microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance, which were correlated with a reverse engineering of the process using numerical simulation. Physical simulations of the subcritical heat affected zone (SCHAZ) of RSW were done to assess the influence of microstructure on martensite tempering. Results showed that the component undergoes a complex strain distribution along its body during hot stamping. Most heavily strained regions presented higher amounts of ferrite, leading to poorer corrosion resistance, since ferrite behaves as an anode. Physical simulations of the SCHAZ showed that the softening degree due to martensite tempering is solely affected by peak temperature, while other microstructural features appear to exert negligible or no influence.

The excellent casting behavior and mechanical and corrosion properties of aluminum-silicon (Al-Si)-based alloys make them ideal for the manufacture of lightweight components with complex geometries. However, these properties depend directly on their microstructure, which, in its turn, is strongly affected by the composition of the alloy, among other factors. Several elements can be added to the material aiming to promote microstructural changes, e.g., grain refinement, optimization of phase morphology and distribution, and precipitation strengthening. Efforts are continuously put into such enhancements of cast Al alloys since they lead to quality improvements that allow for weight reduction and safety increase. Considering the technological relevance of the subject, this paper provides an overview of the research focused on the addition of alloying elements to these alloys, with a greater focus on Al-Si-based systems and the comprehension of the effects of these additions on their microstructure and properties.

Although several clinical manifestations of persistent long coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have been documented, their effects on the cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system over the long term remain unclear. Thus, we examined the presence of alterations in cardiac autonomic functioning in individuals with long-term manifestations. The study was conducted from October 2020 to May 2021, and an autonomic assessment was performed to collect heart rate data for the heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The study participants were divided into the long COVID clinical group, the intragroup, which included patients who were hospitalized, and those who were not hospitalized and were symptomatic for different periods (≤3, >3, ≤6, and >6 months), with and without dyspnoea. The control group, the intergroup, comprised of COVID-free individuals. Our results demonstrated that the long COVID clinical group showed reduced HRV compared with the COVID-19-uninfected control group. Patients aged 23–59 years developed COVID symptoms within 30 days after infection, whose diagnosis was confirmed by serologic or reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (swab) tests, were included in the study. A total of 155 patients with long COVID [95 women (61.29%), mean age 43.88 ± 10.88 years and 60 men (38.71%), mean age 43.93 ± 10.11 years] and 94 controls [61 women (64.89%), mean age 40.83 ± 6.31 and 33 men (35.11%), mean age 40.69 ± 6.35 years] were included. The intragroup and intergroup comparisons revealed a reduction in global HRV, increased sympathetic modulation influence, and a decrease in parasympathetic modulation in long COVID. The intragroup showed normal sympathovagal balance, while the intergroup showed reduced sympathovagal balance. Our findings indicate that long COVID leads to sympathetic excitation influence and parasympathetic reduction. The excitation can increase the heart rate and blood pressure and predispose to cardiovascular complications. Short-term HRV analysis showed good reproducibility to verify the cardiac autonomic involvement.

The use of ultra-high-strength steels (UHSS) has been growing in recent years, mainly in the automotive industry. Since these steels have high strength and hardness, more applied stresses are required to deform them, probably also impacting friction behaviour. In this article, a variation in the process parameters commonly observed in sheet-metal forming, such as contact pressure, sliding speed, lubrication and working temperature was performed. The material used was TRIP1000. These process parameters were varied, aiming to investigate the friction-coefficient behaviour; however, it was observed that there were no significant variations, indicating that the steel hardness may have contributed to this. Another finding is that, even if the lubricant did not change the average value of the friction coefficient, it contributed to a more stable process, favouring the absence of premature wear of the tools.

Para la realización de este estudio se entrenó un panel constituido por seis personas, las cuales evaluaron los atributos: color blanco, textura granulosa al tacto, suave al tacto, olor a cuajo, salado, grumoso en boca, suave en boca y aroma a suero. También se contó con dos grupos de 400 consumidores, donde un grupo evaluó características sensoriales y el segundo grupo evaluó la apreciación global. Los resultados del ANOVA de tres factores mostraron que el panel entrenado fue discriminante en todos los atributos, mientras que el ANOVA de dos factores reveló que los paneles de consumidores fueron discriminantes en seis atributos; el ACP reveló similitudes entre ambos paneles para el posicionamiento de los quesos en el espacio sensorial. El MEP reveló que los consumidores del municipio de Asunción Ixtaltepec y de San Pedro Comitancillo pudieron identificar y preferir el queso que se elabora en su municipio, caso contrario a los consumidores pertenecientes a Santo Domingo Ingenio y Juchitán de Zaragoza. Los resultados del MEP generados con los datos descriptivos evaluados por el panel entrenado y el panel de consumidores fueron complementarios; esto quedó demostrado por el R2 ya que en algunos casos, la explicación de la preferencia de alguna clase no pudo ser determinada mediante el MEP con los datos del panel entrenado. Por tal motivo, el vocabulario que se genere a través de un panel entrenado también puede ser evaluado mediante paneles de consumidores para la generación del MEP, el cual es una alternativa rápida para la determinación de la preferencia basado en un lenguaje completamente de consumidores. Abstract For this study, a panel of six judges was trained to evaluate attributes in cheese as white color, granular texture to the touch, soft to the touch, smell of rennet, salty, lumpy in the mouth, soft on the palate and aroma to serum. There were also included two groups of 400 consumers; where a group evaluated the sensory characteristics and the second group evaluated the overall assessment. Three-way ANOVA results showed that the trained panel discriminated all attributes, while the two-way ANOVA revealed that the group of consumers discriminated six attributes. Principal components analysis revealed similarities between both panels to the positioning of the cheeses in the sensory space. The EPM revealed that consumers from the municipalities of Asuncion Ixtaltepec and San Pedro Comitancillo were able to identify and prefer the cheese made in their municipality; contrary to this, consumers from Santo Domingo Ingenio y Juchitan de Zaragoza were not able to identify or prefer their own. The EPM results generated with the descriptive data evaluated by the trained panel and consumer groups were complementary, and this was demonstrated by the R2 since in some cases the explanation of the preference of some kind, could not be determinated by EPM with the trained panel data. For this reason, the vocabulary that is generated by a trained panel can be also evaluated by a consumer panel to generate the EPM, which is a fast alternative for the determination of preference based on a language entirely of consumers. Keywords: Sensory profiles, consumers, trained judges, external preference map.

Introdução: Drogas antineoplásicas neurotóxicas estão frequentemente associadas à neuropatia periférica induzida por quimioterapia (NPIQ). Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução clínica dos pacientes expostos a tratamento antineoplásico potencialmente neurotóxico e identificar possíveis preditores clínicos e sociodemográficos para o desenvolvimento da NPIQ. Método: Estudo de coorte prospectiva com pacientes com diagnóstico de câncer de mama, ovário ou intestino em tratamento quimioterápico com paclitaxel, docetaxel ou oxaliplatina. Foram avaliados antes da quimioterapia (T1), no terceiro mês (T2) e 30-60 dias após interrupção do tratamento (T3). Todos responderam ao questionário de perfis sociodemográfico e clínico, foram avaliados por meio de exame clínico neurológico, pela escala de performance ECOG, escala hospitalar de ansiedade e depressão (HAD), escala de dor Short-cGuill, autorrelato de sintomas de NPIQ e avaliação com o questionário de neurotoxicidade induzida por antineoplásicos (CINQ). Resultados: Por meio de autorrelato, 75% da dos pacientes informaram apresentar sintomas de NPIQ. O CINQ evidenciou que 90% apresentaram algum grau de NPIQ em T2, enquanto 82,5% ainda persistiam em T3. Dor neuropática acometeu 42% da população (RR=1,429; IC95%=1,130-1,806). Os escores de ansiedade e depressão reduziram significativamente quando comparados ao início de tratamento (redução de 2,5 pontos na escala HAD, p

Introdução: Os efeitos tóxicos do oxigênio não estão bem estabelecidos em seres humanos. Objetivo: Analisar os níveis de estresse oxidativo (EOx) na interrupção da ventilação mecânica (VM) em pacientes vítimas de TCE. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, analítico, randomizado e cego. Participaram 12 pacientes: PSV (n=6) e grupo Tubo-T (n=6). A interrupção da VM deu-se em: PSV- (Δ 7 cmH2O) e PEEP (5 cmH2O) durante 30 minutos; Tubo-T - o paciente foi conectado ao tubo T com FiO2 a 0,4 durante 30 minutos. Realizou-se avaliação morfológica do EOx no plasma sanguíneo pelo Dry layer oxidative test. A coleta foi realizada: com 24h de VM, antes do teste, em 15’ de teste e após o teste PSV ou Tubo-T. Para análise da normalidade utilizou-se o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para análise intragrupo e intergrupos, o teste ANOVA seguido de Tukey; para correlação-Correlação de Spearman (p valor 5%). Resultados: Não houve aumento estatisticamente significativo na descontinuidade da matriz extracelular nos grupos (p>0,05). Os níveis de EOx encontraram-se elevados (grau III–moderado) nas primeiras avaliações. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre os parâmetros de VM com o EOx. O grupo PSV permaneceu em média 12.33 dias sob VM, tendo EOx de 29.02 (grau III/ moderado) – r=0.8, p=0.01; o grupo Tubo T em média 12.83±2.2 dias, tendo EOx de 31.03±5.41 (grau IV/grave)- r=0.9, p=0.07. Conclusão: Não houve diferença no comportamento do EOx entre os métodos de interrupção da VM. No entanto, o EOx aumentou com o tempo de VM.

De acordo com a literatura especializada, a unidade entre os partidos políticos aumenta a credibilidade da política externa, na medida em que o presidente não fica dependente de ciclos majoritários dentro do parlamento. Essa seria uma estratégia utilizada para afastar o perigo de um oponente estrangeiro explorar as disputas partidárias da arena doméstica em negociações internacionais em situações de crise. No entanto, em algumas circunstâncias, percebe-se momentos de embates que podem ser lidos, majoritariamente, como disputas ideológicas, mas também, a partir da clivagem governo versus oposição e dos interesses federativos dos congressistas. Este trabalho foca nas discussões em plenário e nos pareceres contrários — momentos de conflito — no Congresso Nacional brasileiro entre os anos de 1988 e 2014. Utilizou-se o método da análise de conteúdo e da técnica da análise de correspondência para explicar esse cenário.

Objetivo O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação do sono, depressão e ansiedade em pacientes com migrânea. Métodos Cinquenta pacientes do sexo feminino, provenientes de um centro terciário de tratamento de cefaleias, com o diagnóstico de migrânea segundo os critérios da International Headache Society, foram incluídas neste estudo. As pacientes foram avaliadas com os seguintes instrumentos: Migraine Disability Assessment test (MIDAS), Headache Impact Test (HIT), Hospital Anxiety (HADS-A) and Depression Scale (HAD-D), Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) e Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE). Resultados As pacientes apresentaram alta prevalência de sintomas de ansiedade (60%) e de depressão (42%), má qualidade do sono (80%) e sonolência diurna (36%). Foi demonstrada correlação positiva entre a gravidade dos sintomas de ansiedade e HIT (p = 0,018; ρ = 0,334), ESE (p = 0,002; ρ = 0,426) e IQSP (p = 0,002; ρ = 0,426). Correlação positiva também foi demonstrada entre a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos e HIT (p < 0,001; ρ = 0,532), ESE (p = 0,035; ρ = 0,299) e IQSP (p = 0,016, ρ = 0,34). Não houve associação entre a qualidade do sono, a sonolência diurna e a gravidade da migrânea. A pontuação na HAD-D foi o principal preditor de impacto grave da migrânea. Conclusão Apesar da alta frequência de distúrbios do sono, o principal fator relacionado ao impacto da migrânea foi a gravidade dos sintomas depressivos.

El concepto de ciudadanía cosmopolita ha estado presente en el pensamiento filosófico desde la Ilustración. En la filosofía política contemporánea este concepto ha merecido la atención de algunos autores, aunque no todas sus propuestas han tenido el mismo éxito. En este trabajo se analizan algunas de las ideas que sobre la ciudadanía cosmopolita expuso John Rawls en su trabajo “El derecho de gentes”, y algunas críticas que pueden hacerse a esa propuesta.

Clinical differentiation between the primary headaches and temporomandibular disorders (TMD) can be challenging. Objectives : To investigate the relationship between TMD and primary headaches by conducting face to face assessments in patients from an orofacial pain clinic and a headache tertiary center. Method : Sample consists of 289 individuals consecutively identified at a headache center and 78 individuals seen in an orofacial pain clinic because of symptoms suggestive of TMD. Results : Migraine was diagnosed in 79.8% of headache sufferers, in headache tertiary center, and 25.6% of those in orofacial pain clinic (p

Objective To translate and to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the “Questionnaire of Life Quality Specific for Myasthenia Gravis - 15 items” (MG-QOL15). Method The original English version of the questionnaire was translated into Portuguese. This version was revised and translated back into English. Later, both English versions were compared and the divergences were corrected in the Portuguese text. At a second stage, ten patients with MG followed at the Neuromuscular Diseases Clinic from the University Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais answered the questionnaire. The authors analyzed the difficulties and misunderstandings in the application of the questionnaire. Results The questions 8, 13 and 15 were considered difficult to understand and were modified in the final Portuguese version. Most patients (70%) had a total score above 25, and the statements 3, 8 and 9 showed the highest scores. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the questionnaire MG-QOL15 seems to be a promising tool for the assessment of Brazilian patients with MG.

The aim of this study was to compare computed tomography (CT) scans of chest and lung function among patients with Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV) with and without HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In this cross-sectional study performed between January 2013 and June 2016, we included 48 patients with HAM/TSP (19 women and 11 men) and without HAM/TSP (12 women and 6 men). We compared CT findings and lung functions of these groups. Patients who had HAM/TSP had abnormal CT findings (P = 0.000), including more frequent bronchiectasis (P = 0.049), parenchymal bands (P = 0.007), interlobular septal thickening (P = 0.035), and pleural thickening (P = 0.009). In addition, neither patients with HAM/TSP (9/30; 30%) nor the controls (0/18; 0%) had obstructive or restrictive lung disease (P = 0.009). HTLV diagnosis should be considered in all patients with abnormal CT findings in whom no other cause is apparent. It is important to remember that lung disease increases the rates of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0186055.].

Introdução: Por comprometer as células de defesa do organismo, o Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana torna o indivíduo vulnerável ao aparecimento de diversas doenças, entre elas a neurotoxoplasmose. Objetivo: Verificar a influência de um protocolo de hidroterapia no equilíbrio dinâmico e nas atividades de vida diária de pacientes com neurotoxoplasmose associada à Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (SIDA). Métodos: Participaram 15 voluntários, três (20%) do sexo feminino e 12 (80%) do masculino, com média de idade de 37,44±5,5 anos e diagnóstico de neurotoxoplasmose decorrente da SIDA, cadastrados na Unidade de Referência Especializada em Doenças Infectocontagiosas Parasitárias Especiais. Foram submetidos à avaliação do equilíbrio dinâmico pelo Índice de Marcha Dinâmico e à avaliação das atividades de vida diária pelo Índice de Barthel, pré- e pós-hidroterapia, em piscina à temperatura média de 35°C, três vezes por semana em dias alternados, durante 50 minutos, totalizando oito semanas, ou seja, 24 sessões. Foi utilizado o teste de Shapiro-Wilk para análise de variâncias do Índice de Marcha Dinâmica e do Índice de Barthel, e o teste t de Student para as comparações pré e pós-tratamento e nível de significância de α=0.05. Resultados: O equilíbrio dinâmico, considerando o escore total, apresentou significância estatística (p

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). METHOD: Forty-one patients with MG answered to a structured psychiatric interview (MINI-Plus). RESULTS: Eleven (26.1%) patients were diagnosed with a depressive disorder and 19 (46.3%) were diagnosed with an anxiety disorder. Patients with dysthymia were older (p=0.029) and had longer disease duration (p=0.006). Patients with social phobia also had longer disease duration (p=0.039). CONCLUSION: Psychiatric disorders in MG are common, especially depressive and anxiety disorders.

In order to properly assess patients with primary headache, one needs to follow the cases up longitudinally. In Brazil, there were no studies using this methodology published after the publication of the latest issue of the International Classification of Headaches in 2004 - ICHD-2. This is especially important when we consider that it was only after such publication that we had the criteria used to classify some types of headaches which evolve with daily, or almost daily, spells, and which are very common in tertiary health care centers. OBJECTIVE: To assess the frequency of headache types in a tertiary health care center, in a longitudinal fashion. METHOD: We assessed 95 consecutive patients. These patients were diagnosed and classified according to the ICDH-2. The subjects were followed up for 18 months, they were treated and reassessed. RESULTS: Most of the individuals had more than one type of headache. Among those with episodic migraine in 2007, 6 developed chronic migraine in 2008, producing an incidence rate of 7.2%. Among those with chronic migraine in 2007, 9 remitted, producing a remission rate of 75%. In 2007, 24 individuals abused analgesic agents and 17 no longer showed abuse criteria in 2008 - when 7 new cases were found. CONCLUSION: The diagnosis of migraine remained stable. On the other hand, treatment brought about a reduction in the frequency of headaches caused by excessive use of analgesic, although the frequency of daily chronic headache was almost unaltered.

El autor aborda en este artículo algunos de los problemas que aquejan a las democracias contemporáneas, tales como el sistema de representación política, la crisis por la que atraviesan los partidos y la disfunción política generada por la influencia de los medios masivos de comunicación. La solución a tales problemas apunta hacia una profundización democrática que, en todo caso, podría alcanzarse mediante la deliberación y con una mayor participación política de los ciudadanos.

Every democratic regime has to guarantee that participation and representation set in both sides of the same coin. In a lot of modern democracies, government doesn’t foment citizen participation, or just do it in case of periodic elections. That’s why is necessary to foment participation and civic virtues. Finally, we have to support deliberative teories to give legitimacy to our democracies.

Trata-se de criança de oito anos, portadora de atrofia na hemiface direita, desde os seis anos. A ressonância magnética do encéfalo evidenciou espessamento cortical e formação de cistos. A hemiatrofia facial progressiva, ou síndrome de Parry-Romberg, mais freqüente nas duas primeiras décadas de vida, caracteriza-se por atrofia unilateral da face, acometendo área inervada por um ou mais ramos do trigêmeo. A relação dessa síndrome com a esclerodermia localizada é discutida.The authors report a case of an 8-year-old child with facial hemiatrophy since the age of 6. A resonance imaging showed areas of white matter hyperintensity and cysts. Progressive facial hemiatrophy (Parry-Romberg syndrome) usually develops during the first or second decade of life. It is characterized by unilateral facial atrophy affecting dermatomes of one or multiple branches of the trigeminal nerve. The relationship between progressive facial hemiatrophy and scleroderma is discussed.

Despite its importance, most ichthyoplankton studies in the South-Southeastern coast of Brazil, have been accomplished on the continental shelf. Regarding the beach environment, recognized as a nursery, little is known about the ichthyoplankton. We analyzed 288 samples collected with a 18 by 2 m seine net, 1 mm mesh and a conical plankton net, with a mesh of 300 mum and a 60 cm mouth. Eucinostomus argenteus comprised 78 % of the larvae and juveniles caught in the samples. The occurrence of gerreids was strongly concentrated in the summer, while the Menticirrhus littoralis, Menticirrhus americanus and Umbrina coroides were present during all seasons. M.littoralis was most abundant during spring, while M. americanus and U. coroides dominated during winter. For all species, the largest captures occurred during low tide. Environmental preferences are indicated in the principal component analysis, with the larvae and juveniles of E. argenteus and E. gula positively correlated with smaller waves and smaller morphodynamism, whereas M. americanus, U. coroides and M. furnieri seem to prefer periods with lower temperatures and larger morphodynamism.Apesar da importância, a maioria dos estudos de ictioplâncton na costa sul-sudeste do Brasil, foram realizados sobre a plataforma continental. No que se refere ao ambiente praial, reconhecido como área de criação, pouco se sabe sobre o ictioplâncton. Foram analisadas 288 amostras coletadas com uma rede tipo picaré com 18 x 2 m e malha de 1mm, e rede de plancton cônica, com malha de 300 mim e boca de 60 cm. A espécie E. argenteus totalizou 78 % das larvas e juvenis capturados. A ocorrência dos gerreideos foi fortemente concentrada no verão, enquanto que Menticirrhus littoralis, Menticirrhus americanus e Umbrina coroides estiveram presentes em todas as estações do ano. M. littoralis foi mais abundante na primavera, enquanto que M. americanus e U. coroides dominaram no inverno. Em todas as espécies as maiores capturas ocorreram na baixa-mar. Preferências ambientais foram indicadas na análise de componentes principais, com as larvas e juvenis de E. argenteus e E. gula positivamente correlacionados com menores ondas e menor morfodinamismo, enquanto que M. americanus, U. coroides e M. furnieri parecem preferir períodos com menores temperaturas e maior morfodinamismo.

This study has evaluated depression in patients with episodic migraine (n=98), chronic migraine without medication overuse (n=23), and chronic migraine with medication overuse (n=57). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms in these three groups. The mean BDI score obtained in all patients was higher than that observed in asymptomatic subjects (episodic migraine=16.09±11.79, chronic migraine with medication overuse=18.91±12.53, chronic migraine without medication overuse=19.83±14.79). This finding corroborates previous studies suggesting a co-morbid association between migraine and depression. Depression did not seem to be crucial in the transformation of migraine as the median BDI scores did not differ significantly between patients with episodic and chronic migraine. The median BDI scores of the patients with chronic migraine with medication overuse and that patients with chronic migraine without medication overuse were similar as well. Therefore, medication overuse behavior may not be related with depression.Este estudo avaliou a depressão em pacientes com migrânea episódica (n=98), migrânea crônica com uso abusivo de analgésicos (n=57) e migrânea crônica sem uso abusivo de medicamentos analgésicos (n=23). O Inventário de Depressão de Beck (IDB) foi usado para avaliar sintomas depressivos nos três grupos. As médias dos escores de IDB encontradas (migrânea episódica=16.09±11.79, migrânea crônica com uso abusivo de analgésicos=18.91±12.53, migrânea crônica sem uso abusivo de analgésicos=19.83±14.79) foram maiores do que as observadas em indivíduos assintomáticos. Tais resultados confirmam estudos prévios indicando uma relação de comorbidade entre migrânea e depressão. Os dados não sugerem que a depressão seja um fator determinante da transformação da migrânea episódica em migrânea crônica, pois nestes dois grupos as medianas dos escores de IDB foram semelhantes. Os escores de IDB foram semelhantes entre os pacientes com migrânea crônica com e sem uso abusivo de analgésicos. Portanto, o comportamento de ingerir abusivamente analgésicos não parece estar relacionado com a depressão.

Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is used in the treatment of neuropathy. This case report presents, for the first time, a patient with severe periodontal destruction after chronic therapy with IVIG. The patient reported having extracted his maxillary anterior teeth himself due to high mobility. Clinical examination and radiographic images show a generalized and severe periodontitis. No significant alterations in genetic or microbiological features were observed. The present case suggests that periodontal disease aggravation could be considered a new adverse effect of IVIG therapy. Postulated mechanisms are immune complexes formation, complement activation, and a direct effect in osteoclasts. In conclusion, it is important that patients that will receive IVIG treatment underwent dental evaluation.

High-strength steels such as Dual Phase (DP), Transformation-Induced Plasticity (TRIP), and Twinning-Induced Plasticity (TWIP) steels have gained importance in automotive applications due to the potential for weight reduction and increased performance in crash tests. However, as resistance increases, there is also an increase in springback due to residual stresses after the forming process. This is mainly because of the greater elastic region of these materials and other factors associated with strain hardening, such as the Bauschinger effect, that brings theory of kinematic hardening to mathematical modeling. This means that finite element software must consider these properties so that the simulation can accurately predict the behavior. Currently, this knowledge is still not widespread since it has never been used in conventional materials. Additionally, engineers and researchers use the Forming Limit Diagram (FLD) curve in their studies. However, it does not fully represent the actual failure limit of materials, especially in high-strength materials. Based on this, the Fracture Forming Limit Diagram (FFLD) curve has emerged, which proposes to resolve these limitations. Thus, this review aims to focus on how finite element methods consider all these factors in their modeling, especially when it comes to the responses of high-strength steels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The additive manufacturing technique performed via laser powder bed fusion has matured as a technology for manufacturing cemented carbide parts. The parts are built by additive consolidation of thin layers of a WC and Co mixture using a laser, depending on the power and scanning speed, making it possible to create small, complex parts with different geometries. NbC-based cermets, as the main phase, can replace WC-based cemented carbides for some applications. Issues related to the high costs and dependence on imports have made WC and Co powders emerge as critical raw materials. Furthermore, avoiding manufacturing workers' health problems and occupational diseases is a positive advantage of replacing WC with NbC and alternative binder phases. This work used WC and NbC as the main carbides and three binders: 100% Ni, 100% Co, and 50Ni/50Co wt.%. For the flowability and spreadability of the powders of WC- and NbC-based alloy mixtures in the powder bed with high cohesiveness, it was necessary to build a vibrating container with a pneumatic turbine ranging from 460 to 520 Hz. Concurrently, compaction was promoted by a compacting system. The thin deposition layers of the mixtures were applied uniformly and were well distributed in the powder bed to minimize the defects and cracks during the direct sintering of the samples. The parameters of the L-PBF process varied, with laser scanning speeds from 25 to 125 mm.s─1 and laser power from 50 to 125 W. Microstructural aspects and the properties obtained are presented and discussed, seeking to establish the relationships between the L-PBF process variables and compare them with the liquid phase sintering technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]