90 results on '"Rodríguez Villagra, Odir"'
Search Results
2. Executive functioning skills and (low) math achievement in primary and secondary school
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Iglesias-Sarmiento, Valentín, Carriedo, Nuria, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir A., and Pérez, Leire
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- 2023
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3. Selective breeding of rats for high (HAB) and low (LAB) anxiety-related behaviour: A unique model for comorbid depression and social dysfunctions
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Gryksa, Katharina, Schmidtner, Anna K., Masís-Calvo, Marianella, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir A., Havasi, Andrea, Wirobski, Gwendolyn, Maloumby, Rodrigue, Jägle, Herbert, Bosch, Oliver J., Slattery, David A., and Neumann, Inga D.
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- 2023
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4. Age-related change in inhibitory processes when controlling working memory capacity and processing speed: A confirmatory factor analysis.
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Carriedo, Nuria, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir A., Moriano, Juan A., Montoro, Pedro R., and Iglesias-Sarmiento, Valentín
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COGNITIVE processing speed , *RESPONSE inhibition , *CONFIRMATORY factor analysis , *PROCESS capability , *SHORT-term memory - Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to examine the age-related changes in inhibitory control of 450 children at the ages of 7–8, 11–12, and 14–16 when controlling for working memory capacity (WMC) and processing speed to determine whether inhibition is an independent factor far beyond its possible reliance on the other two factors. This examination is important for several reasons. First, empirical evidence about age-related changes of inhibitory control is controversial. Second, there are no studies that explore the organization of inhibitory functions by controlling for the influence of processing speed and WMC in these age groups. Third, the construct of inhibition has been questioned in recent research. Multigroup confirmatory analyses suggested that inhibition can be organized as a one-dimension factor in which processing speed and WMC modulate the variability of some inhibition tasks. The partial reliance of inhibitory processes on processing speed and WMC demonstrates that the inhibition factor partially explains the variance of inhibitory tasks even when WMC and processing speed are controlled and some methodological concerns are addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2025
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5. Neurocognitive factorial structure of executive functions: Evidence from neurotypicals and frontotemporal dementia
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Gonzalez-Gomez, Raul, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, Schulte, Michael, Torralva, Teresa, Ibáñez, Agustín, Huepe, David, and Fittipaldi, Sol
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- 2021
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6. Cognitive, emotional, and social factors promoting psychosocial adaptation: a study of latent profiles in people living in socially vulnerable contexts
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Carriedo, Nuria, primary, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir A., additional, Moguilner, Sebastián, additional, Morales-Sepulveda, Juan Pablo, additional, Huepe-Artigas, Daniela, additional, Soto, Vicente, additional, Franco-O’Byrne, Daniel, additional, Ibáñez, Agustín, additional, Bekinschtein, Tristan A., additional, and Huepe, David, additional
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- 2024
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7. Funciones ejecutivas entre musicos y no musicos: Un metaanalisis
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Hernández-Campos, Mónica, Molina-Delgado, Mauricio, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, and Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio
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- 2020
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8. How Children Learn to Produce Appropriate Referring Expressions in Narratives: The Role of Clarifcation Requests and Modeling
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Carmiol, Ana M., Matthews, Danielle, and Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir A.
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Asking children to clarify themselves promotes their ability to uniquely identify objects in referential communication tasks. However, little is known about whether parents ask preschoolers for clarification during interactions and, if so, how. Study 1 explored how mothers clarify their preschoolers' ambiguous descriptions of the characters in their narratives, and whether clarification requests affect children's repairs of their ambiguous descriptions. Mothers were found to use different strategies, including signaling misunderstanding and modeling appropriate descriptions. Presence of these different strategies predicted children's ability to provide informative repairs. Study 2 tested the effect of children's experience with signaling misunderstanding and modeling on their ability to uniquely identify the characters of a story on a second narration. Experiencing modeling, but not misunderstandings, positively affected children's provision of appropriate descriptions during second narrations. Findings are discussed in terms of the role of imitation in driving referential development.
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- 2018
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9. The role of social cognition skills and social determinants of health in predicting symptoms of mental illness
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Santamaría-García, Hernando, Baez, Sandra, Gómez, Carlos, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Huepe, David, Portela, Maria, Reyes, Pablo, Klahr, Joel, Matallana, Diana, and Ibanez, Agustin
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- 2020
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10. Executive functioning skills and (low) math achievement in primary and secondary school
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Iglesias Sarmiento, Valentín, Carriedo, Nuria, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir A., and Pérez, Leire
- Abstract
Schoolchildren with better executive functioning skills achieve better mathematics results. It is less clear how inhibition, cognitive flexibility, and working memory combine to predict mathematics achievement and difficulty throughout primary and secondary school. This study aimed to find the best combination of executive function measures for predicting mathematical achievement in Grades 2, 6, and 10 and to test whether this combination predicts the probability of having mathematical difficulties across school grades even when fluid intelligence and processing speed were included in the models. A total of 426 students—141 2nd graders (72 girls), 143 6th graders (72 girls), and 142 10th graders (79 girls)—were cross-sectionally assessed with 12 executive tasks, one standardized mathematical task, and a standardized test of intelligence. Bayesian regression analyses found various combinations of executive predictors of mathematical achievement for each school grade spanning Grade 2 to measures of cognitive inhibition (negative priming) and cognitive flexibility (verbal fluency); Grade 6 to measures of inhibition: resistance to distractor interference (receptive attention), cognitive flexibility (local–global), and working memory (counting span); and Grade 10 to measures of inhibition: resistance to distractor interference (receptive attention) and prepotent response inhibition (stop signal) and working memory (reading span). Logistic regression showed that the executive models derived from the Bayesian analyses had a similar ability to classify students with mathematical difficulty and their peers with typical achievement to broader cognitive models that included fluid intelligence and processing speed. Measures of processing speed, cognitive flexibility (local–global), and prepotent response inhibition (stop signal) were the main risk factors in Grades 2, 6, and 10, respectively. Cognitive flexibility (verbal fluency) in Grade 2 and fluid intelligence, which was more stable in all three grades, acted as protective factors against mathematical difficulty. These findings inform practical considerations for establishing preventive and intervention proposals. Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación | Ref. EDU2011-22699
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- 2023
11. Referential skills in the narrative context and their relationship with executive functions in Costa Rican preschool children
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Bolaños, Luis Diego Conejo, Mesén, Isabel Molina, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, and Carmiol, Ana M.
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FOS: Psychology ,referential communication ,narratives ,preschoolers ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,executive functions ,preescholers - Abstract
This study aims to examine the relationship between working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility with the referential skills of using appropriate ways to introduce, reintroduce, and maintain references to characters in a story, after controlling for the role of age and vocabulary. To examine the relationship between working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility with the referential skills of using appropriate ways to introduce, reintroduce, and maintain references to characters in a story, after controlling for the role of age and vocabulary. For this purpose, a secondary use of data will be made with which several mixed models will be performed with the referential skills variables as predictor variables and those of executive functions, vocabulary and age in months as predictor variables. The sample is composed of 88 preschool boys and girls from urban areas of Costa Rica.
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- 2023
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12. Diagnostic red flags: steroid‐treated malignant CNS lymphoma mimicking autoimmune inflammatory demyelination
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Barrantes‐Freer, Alonso, Engel, Aylin Sophie, Rodríguez‐Villagra, Odir Antonio, Winkler, Anne, Bergmann, Markus, Mawrin, Christian, Kuempfel, Tania, Pellkofer, Hannah, Metz, Imke, Bleckmann, Annalen, Hernández‐Durán, Silvia, Schippling, Sven, Rushing, Elisabeth J., Frank, Stephan, Glatzel, Markus, Matschke, Jakob, Hartmann, Christian, Reifenberger, Guido, Müller, Wolf, Schildhaus, Hans‐Ulrich, Brück, Wolfgang, and Stadelmann, Christine
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- 2018
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13. Working Memory Capacity in a Go/No-Go Task: Age Differences in Interference, Processing Speed, and Attentional Control
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Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, Göthe, Katrin, Oberauer, Klaus, and Kliegl, Reinhold
- Abstract
We tested the limits of working-memory capacity (WMC) of young adults, old adults, and children with a memory-updating task. The task consisted of mentally shifting spatial positions within a grid according to arrows, their color signaling either only go (control) or go/no-go conditions. The interference model (IM) of Oberauer and Kliegl (2006) was simultaneously fitted to the data of all groups. In addition to the 3 main model parameters (feature overlap, noise, and processing rate), we estimated the time for switching between go and no-go steps as a new model parameter. In this study, we examined the IM parameters across the life span. The IM parameter estimates show that (a) conditions were not different in interference by feature overlap and interference by confusion; (b) switching costs time; (c) young adults and children were less susceptible than old adults to interference due to feature overlap; (d) noise was highest for children, followed by old and young adults; (e) old adults differed from children and young adults in lower processing rate; and (f) children and old adults had a larger switch cost between go steps and no-go steps. Thus, the results of this study indicated that across age, the IM parameters contribute distinctively for explaining the limits of WMC.
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- 2013
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14. Cognitive, emotional, and social factors promoting psychosocial adaptation: a study of latent profiles in people living in socially vulnerable contexts
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Carriedo, Nuria, primary, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, Moguilner, Sebastian, additional, Morales, Juan Pablo, additional, Huepe-Artigas, Daniela, additional, De Amesti, Vicente Soto, additional, O´Byrne, Daniel Franco, additional, Ibanez, Agustin, additional, and David, Huepe, additional
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- 2022
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15. Executive functioning profiles and math and reading achievement during school years
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Carriedo, Nuria, primary, Iglesias-Sarmiento, Valentín, additional, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, and Pérez, Leire, additional
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- 2022
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16. Age-related change in inhibitory processes when controlling working memory capacity and processing speed: A confirmatory factor analysis
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Carriedo, Nuria, primary, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, Moriano, Juan A., additional, Montoro, Pedro R., additional, and Iglesias-Sarmiento, Valentín, additional
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- 2022
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17. Executive functioning skills and (low) mathematical achievement in primary and secondary school
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Iglesias-Sarmiento, Valentín, primary, Carriedo, Nuria, additional, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, and Pérez, Leire, additional
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- 2022
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18. Background
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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- 2022
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19. Procedure
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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- 2022
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20. Method: Materials
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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- 2022
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21. How preschoolers learn to use appropriate referring expressions in the context of their narratives
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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FOS: Psychology ,referential choice ,narratives ,Developmental Psychology ,linguistic models ,Psychology ,Social and Behavioral Sciences ,conversational breakdown ,imitation - Abstract
This training study uses an experimental design to investigate whether exposure to linguistic models or experience with conversational breakdowns is most effective to promote preschoolers' use of appropriate referring expressions to describe the characters of their narratives. This study was conducted with Spanish-speaking children in Costa Rica.
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- 2022
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22. Plan of analyses
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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referential choice ,narratives ,linguistic models ,conversational breakdown - Published
- 2022
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23. References
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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referential choice ,narratives ,linguistic models ,conversational breakdown - Published
- 2022
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24. Research questions & Hypotheses
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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Research questions and hypotheses are described here.
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- 2022
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25. Method: Sample
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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- 2022
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26. Method: Design
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Carmiol, Ana, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, Matthews, Danielle, and Valverde, Natalia
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- 2022
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27. Contributions of cognitive psychology to the study and improvement of reading comprehension in higher education
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Brizuela Rodríguez, Armel, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio, and Villalobos Cardozo, Mercedes
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Reading ,Experimental psycholog ,psicología experimental ,Experimental psychology ,lectura ,estudiantes universitarios ,Procesos cognitivos ,Comprehension ,Cognitive processes ,comprensión ,University students - Abstract
Un nivel adecuado de comprensión lectora es imprescindible para desempeñarse exitosamente en la educación universitaria, de allí la importancia de la investigación y el mejoramiento de esta destreza cognitiva. El objetivo del presente artículo de revisión bibliográfica es explorar algunos mecanismos cognitivos que influyen en la capacidad de comprensión lectora de los estudiantes universitarios, por lo cual, se brindan algunas herramientas teórico-conceptuales para ahondar en los mecanismos cognitivos que subyacen a la capacidad de comprensión lectora. El problema es dilucidar cuáles herramientas proporciona la psicología cognitiva para entender y mejorar la comprensión lectora en estudiantes universitarios. A partir de lo anterior, se concluye que el estudio y el mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora requieren tomar en cuenta mecanismos cognitivos de dominios general y específico, los cuales están en la base de las fortalezas y debilidades que se manifiestan en los instrumentos de evaluación tradicionales de la comprensión lectora. Asimismo, se concluye que la técnica de seguimiento ocular aplicada al proceso de la lectura es de gran utilidad para identificar las dificultades que pueden presentarse al comprender textos escritos. Estas herramientas teórico-conceptuales se han identificado como parte del proyecto de investigación El rol de las funciones ejecutivas y la inteligencia fluida en las habilidades verbales y la compresión lectora de los estudiantes universitarios: un estudio de movimientos oculares, el cual se desarrolla en el Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas de la Universidad de Costa Rica. An appropriate adequate level of reading comprehension is essential to perform successfully in university education; hence the importance of research and improvement of this cognitive skill. This bibliographic review article seeks to explore some cognitive mechanisms that influence the reading comprehension capacity of university students, for which some theoreticalconceptual tools are provided to delve into the cognitive mechanisms that underlie the reading comprehension capacity. This study attempts to elucidate which tools cognitive psychology provides to understand and improve reading comprehension in university students. Based on the above, it is concluded that the study and improvement of reading comprehension requires accounting for cognitive mechanisms of general domain and specific domain, which are at the base of the strengths and weaknesses manifested in the traditional evaluation instruments of reading comprehension. Likewise, it is concluded that the eye tracking technique applied to the reading process is a very useful tool to identify the difficulties that may arise when understanding written texts. Finally, it is worth mentioning that these theoretical-conceptual tools have been identified as part of the research project The role of executive functions and fluid intelligence in verbal skills and reading comprehension of university students: a study of eye movements, developed at the Institute of Psychological Research of the University of Costa Rica. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Psicología
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- 2021
28. Aportes de la psicología cognitiva al estudio y mejoramiento de la comprensión lectora en la educación superior
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Brizuela-Rodríguez, Armel, primary, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, and Villalobos-Cardozo, Mercedes, additional
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- 2021
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29. Interacciones entre el entendimiento de la falsa-creencia y el desarrollo de la habilidad verbal: diferencias entre los sexos en edad preescolar
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Padilla-Mora, Michael, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir, and Fornaguera-Trías, Jaime
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- 2009
30. Executive functions between musicians and non-musicians: A metanalysis
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Hernández Campos, Mónica, Molina Delgado, Mauricio, Smith Castro, Vanessa, and Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio
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funciones ejecutivas ,entrenamiento musical ,metanálisis ,música ,transferencia - Abstract
Se ha sugerido que la práctica profesional de un instrumento musical esta relacionada con mejores puntajes en tareas de funciones ejecutivas. Con el fin de examinar sistemáticamente esta hipótesis se realizó un metaanálisis para identificar el efecto de la interpretación de un instrumento en las funciones ejecutivas, así como las variables que podrían moderar dicho efecto. El metaanálisis incluyó estudios empíricos que: (1) compararon los puntajes en medidas de funciones ejecutivas entre músicos y no músicos; (2) reportaron las medias y desviaciones estándar; (3) el grupo de comparación no recibió entrenamiento musical; y (4) los participantes no presentaron discapacidad motora o cognitiva. Se identificó que los músicos, en comparación con los no músicos, muestran mejores puntajes en tareas de funciones ejecutivas (d = .712). Los resultados apoyan la hipótesis de que la práctica de un instrumento musical está relacionada con mejores puntuaciones en tareas de funciones ejecutivas. Instituto Tecnológico de Costa Rica Universidad de Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP)
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- 2020
31. Resolución de diagramas de flujo y pseudocódigo por parte de estudiantes de Ciencias de la Computación de la Universidad de Costa Rica
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Villalobos Fernández, Luis Andrés, primary, De la Ossa Osegueda, Álvaro, additional, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, and Vergara Heidke, Adrián Esteban, additional
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- 2020
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32. Expression of Olig2, Nestin, NogoA and AQP4 have no impact on overall survival in IDH-wildtype glioblastoma
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Behling, Felix, primary, Barrantes-Freer, Alonso, additional, Behnes, Carl Ludwig, additional, Stockhammer, Florian, additional, Rohde, Veit, additional, Adel-Horowski, Antonia, additional, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, Barboza, Miguel Angel, additional, Brück, Wolfgang, additional, Lehmann, Ulrich, additional, Stadelmann, Christine, additional, and Hartmann, Christian, additional
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- 2020
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33. Resolución de diagramas de flujo y pseudocódigo por parte de estudiantes de Ciencias de la Computación de la Universidad de Costa Rica
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Villalobos Fernández, Luis Andrés, de la Ossa Osegueda, Álvaro, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir, Vergara Heidke, Adrián, Villalobos Fernández, Luis Andrés, de la Ossa Osegueda, Álvaro, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir, and Vergara Heidke, Adrián
- Abstract
An eye tracking study was carried out on 20 students of Computer Science at the University of Costa Rica, half of the first year and the other half of the fourth year. They were asked to solve 10 flowchart and 10 pseudocode exercises. In the experts approximately half of the fixations focus on the most relevant areas of interest for the resolution of the problem, while in the rookies approximately one third of the fixations are concentrated in those areas. When calculating the density of fixations in the areas of interest this pattern is much more evident. Regarding performance, significant differences were observed between experts and novices, showing the first best performance. Regarding the duration of the resolution of the exercises, only significant differences were found between experts and novices when solving pseudoco-des. Depending on the results obtained, recommendations are made for the teachers of the programming courses and for future research., En este trabajo se ha llevado a cabo un estudio de seguimiento ocular de 20 estudiantes de Ciencias de la Computación de la Universidad de Costa Rica, la mitad de ellos de primer curso y la otra mitad de cuarto. Se les pidió que resolvieran 10 ejercicios de diagramas de flujo y 10 de pseudocódigo. En los alumnos expertos, aproximadamente la mitad de las fijaciones se centran en las áreas de interés más relevantes para la resolución del problema, mientras que, en los novatos, aproximadamente un tercio de las fijaciones se concentran en esas áreas. Al calcular la densidad de fijaciones en las áreas de interés, este patrón es mucho más evidente. En cuanto al rendimiento, se observaron diferencias significativas entre expertos y novatos, mostrando los primeros mejor rendimiento. En lo relativo a la duración de la resolución de los ejercicios, solo se encontraron diferencias significativas entre expertos y novatos al resolver pseudocódigos. En función de los resultados obtenidos se llevan a cabo recomendaciones para los profesores de los cursos de programación y para futuras investigaciones.
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- 2020
34. An application of the Linear Logistic Test Model for the construction of a Fluid Intelligence Test
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Castelain, Thomas, primary, Villarreal Galera, María Paula, primary, Molina Delgado, Mauricio, primary, and Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, primary
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- 2019
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35. El papel de la memoria de trabajo y la inteligencia fluida en las calificaciones escolares: Un enfoque de ecuaciones estructurales
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Sibaja-Molina, Johanna, primary, Sánchez-Pacheco, Tracy, primary, and Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, primary
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- 2018
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36. Educación preescolar en Costa Rica
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Sánchez Pacheco, Tracy, Fornaguera Trías, Jaime, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio, and Sibaja Molina, Johanna
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Costa Rica ,Preescolar ,Educación ,Estado de la educación - Abstract
El acontecimiento más relevante en la educación preescolar costarricense durante el período 2015-2017 fue la implementación del programa de estudios aprobado en 2014. Con él se ha abierto una nueva etapa para la formación inicial y el sistema educativo, ya que, como se indicó en el Quinto Informe, permite superar un rezago curricular de dos décadas en temas clave como la lectoescritura emergente y la promoción del desarrollo cognitivo en la edad preescolar. Como todo proceso nuevo, su aplicación en las aulas no ha estado exenta de objeciones de los docentes. Sin embargo, la buena noticia es que los cuestionamientos se han concentrado en aspectos de forma y procedimiento, no en los contenidos de fondo de la propuesta formativa. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN)
- Published
- 2017
37. Habituation and spatial memory in the context of emotional regulation: Behavioral and genetic mechanisms underlying context information-processing and de-arousal grooming
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Rojas Carvajal, Mijail, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio, Sequeira Cordero, Andrey, Fornaguera Trías, Jaime, and Brenes Sáenz, Juan Carlos
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Comportamiento ,Genética ,Memoria espacial - Abstract
Habituation is the ability to passively reduce a response after repeated or prolonged exposures to a particular stimulus. From a cognitive perspective, habituation is a basic, information-gating process that contributes to filter out irrelevant information in order to focus cognitive sources on a specific goal. In higher order capabilities as in spatial memory, a similar process takes place with the purpose of facilitate navigation towards the target place. In rodents, some forms of physical and social stimulation, like environmental enrichment (EE), potentiate both habituation and spatial memory. Here, we examined whether habituation capacity predicts spatial memory in the Barnes maze test (BMT). Male Wistar rats were kept for 30 days either on EE or on standard housing. During that time, half of the animals within each group were tested weekly in a 15-min open-field test (OFT) with the aim to explore long-term habituation. After the housing period, all rats were tested during four consecutive days in the OFT to assess short-term habituation. Afterwards, a three-day BMT protocol was used to evaluate several spatial and non-spatial memory parameters. To assess some brain mechanisms related with memory formation and brain plasticity, the hippocampal mRNA levels of BDNF, CREB, and p250GAP genes were evaluated. Evidence about the effects of EE on short-term and long-term OFT habituation and on BMT will be provided. We will show the likely contribution of OFT behaviors, including certain types of grooming behavior, as predictors of spatial memory. Also, the association between gene expression and behavioral parameters will be presented. Because non-associative memory is observed in a plethora of species as a first-level mechanism of information processing, elucidating its functions could shed some light to better understand the complex interplay of cognitive systems. Universidad de Costa Rica/[837-B7-603]/UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN)
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- 2017
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38. Diagnostic red flags: steroid-treated malignant CNS lymphoma mimicking autoimmune inflammatory demyelination
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Barrantes-Freer, Alonso, Engel, Aylin Sophie, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, Winkler, Anne, Bergmann, Markus, Mawrin, Christian, Kuempfel, Tania, Pellkofer, Hannah, Metz, Imke, Bleckmann, Annalen, Hernández-Durán, Silvia, Schippling, Sven, Rushing, Elisabeth J, Frank, Stephan, Glatzel, Markus, Matschke, Jakob, Hartmann, Christian, Reifenberger, Guido, Müller, Wolf, Schildhaus, Hans-Ulrich, Brück, Wolfgang, Stadelmann, Christine, University of Zurich, and Stadelmann, Christine
- Subjects
Male ,Multiple Sclerosis ,Lymphoma ,Biopsy ,T-Lymphocytes ,10208 Institute of Neuropathology ,610 Medicine & health ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,Multiplesclerosis ,Central Nervous System Neoplasms ,Cohort Studies ,Diagnosis, Differential ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,Humans ,Corticosteroids ,Diffuse large Bcell lymphoma ,Myelin Sheath ,Research Articles ,Aged ,Inflammation ,2800 General Neuroscience ,Middle Aged ,Immunohistochemistry ,10040 Clinic for Neurology ,2734 Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,2728 Neurology (clinical) ,570 Life sciences ,biology ,Female ,Demyelination - Abstract
The presence of inflammation and demyelination in a central nervous system (CNS) biopsypoints towards a limited, yet heterogeneous group of pathologies, of which multiple sclerosis(MS) represents one of the principal considerations. Inflammatory demyelination has alsobeen reported in patients with clinically suspected primary central nervous system lymphoma(PCNSL), especially when steroids had been administered prior to biopsy acquisition. Thehistopathological changes induced by corticosteroid treatment can range from mild reductionto complete disappearance of lymphoma cells. It has been proposed that in the absence ofneoplastic B cells, these biopsies are indistinguishable from MS, yet despite the clinicalrelevance, no histological studies have specifically compared the two entities. In this work,we analyzed CNS biopsies from eight patients with inflammatory demyelination in whomPCNSL was later histologically confirmed, and compared them with nine well defined earlyactive multiple sclerosis lesions. In the patients with steroid-treated PCNSL (ST-PCNSL) theinterval between first and second biopsy ranged from 3 to 32 weeks; all of the patients hadreceived corticosteroids before the first, but not the second biopsy. ST-PCNSL patients wereolder than MS patients (mean age: ST-PCNSL: 6264 years, MS: 3062 years), andhistological analysis revealed numerous apoptoses, patchy and incomplete rather thanconfluent and complete demyelination and a fuzzy lesion edge. The loss of Luxol fast bluehistochemistry was more profound than that of myelin proteins in immunohistochemistry,and T cell infiltration in ST-PCNSL exceeded that in MS by around fivefold (P50.005).Our data indicate that in the presence of extensive inflammation and incomplete,inhomogeneous demyelination, the neuropathologist should refrain from primarilyconsidering autoimmune inflammatory demyelination and, even in the absence of lymphomacells, instigate close clinical follow-up of the patient to detect recurrent lymphoma. University of Göttingen/[SFB-TRR 43]//Alemania UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN)
- Published
- 2017
39. TEORÍA DE LA MENTE EN NIÑOS PREESCOLARES: DIFERENCIAS ENTRE SEXOS Y CAPACIDAD DE MEMORIA DE TRABAJO (THEORY OF MIND IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN: SEX DIFFERENCES AND WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY)
- Author
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Padilla Mora, Michael, Cerdas González, Ana Isabel, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir, and Fornaguera Trías, Jaime
- Subjects
TEORÍA DE LA MENTE ,preescolar ,working memory ,preschool ,lcsh:Education (General) ,teoría de la mente ,DESARROLLO COGNITIVO THEORY OF MIND ,PRESCHOOL ,memoria de trabajo ,desarrollo cognitivo ,MEMORIA DE TRABAJO ,PREESCOLAR ,COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ,WORKING MEMORY ,lcsh:L ,lcsh:L7-991 ,theory of mind ,cognitive development ,lcsh:Education - Abstract
Resumen:La teoría de la mente refiere a la habilidad para predecir y explicar el comportamiento de los demás, haciendo referencia a sus estados mentales internos, y es considerada como un aspecto fundamental del desar rollo cognitivo durante los años preescolares. Por otra parte, la capacidad de memoria de trabajo es un sistema que permite mantener en mente un determinado número de representaciones de manera simultánea, y también constituye una habilidad central para el desarrollo cognitivo de la población preescolar. En esta investigación se analizan las relaciones entre el desarrollo de la teoría de la mente y la capacidad de memoria de trabajo en 60 niños y niñas preescolares de entre 5 y 7 años, enfatizando posibles diferencias asociadas con el sexo de los participantes. Para la evaluación de la teoría de la mente se utilizaron 6 pruebas de falsa-creencia, mientras la capacidad de memoria de trabajo fue evaluada por medio de 2 tareas de señalamiento auto-ordenado. Los resultados revelan diferencias entre los sexos en el desarrollo de la teoría de la mente, y descartanla asociación entre esa misma habilidad y la capacidad de memoria de trabajo. Estos hallazgos se discuten en el contexto del debate actual respecto al de sarrollo de la teoría de la mente y las diferencias entre los sexos en el desarrollo cognitivo.Abstract:Theory of mind refers to the ability to predict and e xplain the behaviour of others in terms of their internal mental states, and has been recognized as a fundamental aspect of the cognitive development during the preschool years. On the other hand, the working memory capacity is a memory system that allows us to keep inmind certain number of representations simultaneously, and has been also considered as a central ability for the preschool population cognitive development. The present research analyzes the relation amid theory of mind development and working memory capacity in a sample of 60 preschool children from 5 to 7 years of age, making special emphasis in the identification of possible differences between both sexes. The assessment of theory of mind development implied the administration of 6 false belief tasks, and the working memory capacity was assessed through 2 different self-ordered pointing tasks. The results show differences in theory of mind development between boys and girls, and gave no evidence of associations between theory of mind development and working memory capacity. These findings are discussed in the context of the actual debate on theory of mind development and sex differences in cognitive development.
- Published
- 2009
40. Implicaciones de la inclusión de las funciones ejecutivas en el nuevo programa de preescolar: contextualización a la luz de la evidencia actual
- Author
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Sánchez Pacheco, Tracy, Fornaguera Trías, Jaime, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio, and Sibaja Molina, Johanna
- Subjects
Preescolar ,Funciones Ejecutivas - Abstract
La nueva propuesta curricular para preescolar del Ministerio de Educación Pública en Costa Rica, plantea un abordaje integral en el que se incluyen diversidad de áreas de aprendizaje valiosas para el desarrollo de los niños y las niñas, entre ellas: alfabetización emergente, matemática, ciencia, tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, destrezas sociales, comprensión de reglas, artes, el juego, entre otras (Rodino, 2014). Esto permite aprovechar los distintos escenarios que la institución educativa provee, en aras de favorecer aspectos del conocimiento de sí mismo, el desarrollo de la autonomía, las interacciones sociales, las posibilidades de acción del cuerpo, la coordinación visomotora, las funciones ejecutivas, las habilidades lingüísticas para la vida, la conciencia fonológica y el disfrute de la literatura infantil (MEP, 2014). Considerando que la incorporación de evidencia científica es uno de los pilares en los que se procura sustentar la nueva propuesta curricular, es nuestro particular interés aportar información sobre un tópico pertinente al nuevo programa, a saber: las funciones ejecutivas. Universidad de Costa Rica//UCR/Costa Rica UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN)
- Published
- 2016
41. How children learn to produce appropriate referring expressions in narratives: the role of clarification requests and modeling
- Author
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CARMIOL, Ana M., primary, MATTHEWS, Danielle, additional, and RODRÍGUEZ-VILLAGRA, Odir A., additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Diagnostic red flags: steroid-treated malignant CNS lymphoma mimicking autoimmune inflammatory demyelination
- Author
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Barrantes-Freer, Alonso, primary, Engel, Aylin Sophie, additional, Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio, additional, Winkler, Anne, additional, Bergmann, Markus, additional, Mawrin, Christian, additional, Kuempfel, Tania, additional, Pellkofer, Hannah, additional, Metz, Imke, additional, Bleckmann, Annalen, additional, Hernández-Durán, Silvia, additional, Schippling, Sven, additional, Rushing, Elisabeth J., additional, Frank, Stephan, additional, Glatzel, Markus, additional, Matschke, Jakob, additional, Hartmann, Christian, additional, Reifenberger, Guido, additional, Müller, Wolf, additional, Schildhaus, Hans-Ulrich, additional, Brück, Wolfgang, additional, and Stadelmann, Christine, additional
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Modelos de variables latentes, modelación cognitiva y memoria de trabajo: un punto de encuentro
- Author
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Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio
- Subjects
psychometric ,modelos cognitivos formales ,modelos de variables latentes ,psicometría y memoria de trabajo ,Latent variable models ,formal cognitive models ,working memory - Abstract
Latent variable models and formal cognitive models share some elements of their object of study, variousphilosophical aspects, and some parts of their methodology. Nevertheless, little communication exists between their theories and findings. In order to highlight similarities and differences, this study implemented and tested a formal model proposing that interference among representations is a mechanism limiting working memory capacity (i.e., the interference model of Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006). Furthermore, the study incorporated an experimental manipulation to evaluate the role of the inhibition in prepotent responses and task switching in the interference model framework. These findings were used to expose some connections that could facilitate a rapprochement between formal cognitive models and psychometric models based on the latent variable theory. Los modelos de variables latentes y los modelos cognitivos formales comparten algunos aspectos de su objeto de estudio, varios aspectos filosóficos y parte de su metodología. A pesar de ello, existe poca comunicación entre sus teorías y hallazgos. Con el objetivo de resaltar similitudes y diferencias entre ambos enfoques en este estudio se implementó y evaluó un modelo formal que propone la interferencia entre representaciones como el mecanismo que limita la capacidad de memoria de trabajo (i.e., el modelo de interferencia de Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006). Además, se incorporó una manipulación experimental quetuvo como objetivo evaluar el papel de la inhibición en respuestas inminentes y el desplazamiento de la atención entre tareas en el contexto del modelo de interferencia. A partir de estos hallazgos se expusieron algunas conexiones que podrían facilitar el acercamiento entre los modelos cognitivos formales y los modelos psicométricos basados en la teoría de la variable latente.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Modelos cognitivos formales: Una herramienta para la integración del conocimiento en psicología cognitiva y neurociencia cognitiva
- Author
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Rodríguez Villagra, Odir
- Subjects
Cognitive psychology ,modelos cognitivos formales ,razonamiento ,reasoning ,Cognitive neuroscience ,neurociencia cognitiva ,formal cognitive models ,Psicología cognitiva - Abstract
The aim of this review was to propose some pieces of advice to cognitive psychologists interested in incorporate the study of the nervous system on their researches. First, this work presents the scholars’ resistances to take into account theories and findings from neurosciences or cognitive psychology in their respective research area; then, some risks related to the allure of neurosciences are offered. Second, formal cognitive models are proposed as an important tool to incorporate in the cognitive neuroscience research. Third, some arguments and examples showing how formal cognitive models aid reasoning and research in cognitive neuroscience are given. Finally, some proposals are presented in order to promote a suitable start in the cognitive neuroscience research. El objetivo de la presente revisión fue proponer algunas recomendaciones para aquellos psicólogos cognitivos interesados en incorporar el estudio del sistema nervioso en sus investigaciones. Primero, son presentadas algunas resistencias de científicos cognitivos y neurocientíficos para incorporar las teorías de la neurociencia o la psicología cognitiva en sus respectivas áreas de estudio. Luego, se exponen algunos riesgos relacionados con el atractivo de las neurociencias. Segundo, se proponen los modelos cognitivos formales como una herramienta importante en la integración del conocimiento entre la psicología cognitiva y la neurociencia cognitiva. Tercero, se presentan ejemplos de cómo los modelos cognitivos formales ayudan al razonamiento en el contexto de la investigación en neurociencia cognitiva. Finalmente, se enumeran algunas recomendaciones con el afán de promover un inicio promisorio en la investigación en neurociencia cognitiva.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Formal cognitive models: A tool for the knowledge integration of cognitive psychology and cognitive neuroscience
- Author
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Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio
- Subjects
Razonamiento ,Modelos cognitivos formales ,Neurociencia cognitiva ,Cognitive psychology ,Cognitive neuroscience ,Reasoning ,Formal cognitive models ,Psicología cognitiva - Abstract
El objetivo de la presente revisión fue proponer algunas recomendaciones para aquellos psicólogos cognitivos interesados en incorporar el estudio del sistema nervioso en sus investigaciones. Primero, son presentadas algunas resistencias de científicos cognitivos y neurocientíficos para incorporar las teorías de la neurociencia o la psicología cognitiva en sus respectivas áreas de estudio. Luego, se exponen algunos riesgos relacionados con el atractivo de las neurociencias. Segundo, se proponen los modelos cognitivos formales como una herramienta importante en la integración del conocimiento entre la psicología cognitiva y la neurociencia cognitiva. Tercero, se presentan ejemplos de cómo los modelos cognitivos formales ayudan al razonamiento en el contexto de la investigación en neurociencia cognitiva. Finalmente, se enumeran algunas recomendaciones con el afán de promover un inicio promisorio en la investigación en neurociencia cognitiva. The aim of this review was to propose some pieces of advice to cognitive psychologists interested in incorporate the study of the nervous system on their researches. First, this work presents the scholars’ resistances to take into account theories and findings from neurosciences or cognitive psychology in their respective research area; then, some risks related to the allure of neurosciences are offered. Second, formal cognitive models are proposed as an important tool to incorporate in the cognitive neuroscience research. Third, some arguments and examples showing how formal cognitive models aid reasoning and research in cognitive neuroscience are given. Finally, some proposals are presented in order to promote a suitable start in the cognitive neuroscience research. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP)
- Published
- 2014
46. Hemmung, Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle und Ursachen für das Vergessen im Arbeitsgedächtnis: ein formaler Ansatz
- Author
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Rodríguez-Villagra, Odir Antonio (M.Sc.)
- Subjects
Department Psychologie ,ddc:150 - Abstract
In many cognitive activities, the temporary maintenance and manipulation of mental objects is a necessary step in order to reach a cognitive goal. Working memory has been regarded as the process responsible for those cognitive activities. This thesis addresses the question: what limits working-memory capacity (WMC)? A question that still remains controversial (Barrouillet & Camos, 2009; Lewandowsky, Oberauer, & Brown, 2009). This study attempted to answer this question by proposing that the dynamics between the causes of forgetting and the processes helping the maintenance, and the manipulation of the memoranda are the key aspects in understanding the limits of WMC. Chapter 1 introduced key constructs and the strategy to examine the dynamics between inhibition, attentional control, and the causes of forgetting in working memory. The study in Chapter 2 tested the performance of children, young adults, and old adults in a working-memory updating-task with two conditions: one condition included go steps and the other condition included go, and no-go steps. The interference model (IM; Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006), a model proposing interference-related mechanisms as the main cause of forgetting was used to simultaneously fit the data of these age groups. In addition to the interference-related parameters reflecting interference by feature overwriting and interference by confusion, and in addition to the parameters reflecting the speed of processing, the study included a new parameter that captured the time for switching between go steps and no-go steps. The study indicated that children and young adults were less susceptible than old adults to interference by feature overwriting; children were the most susceptible to interference by confusion, followed by old adults and then by young adults; young adults presented the higher rate of processing, followed by children and then by old adults; and young adults were the fastest group switching from go steps to no-go steps. Chapter 3 examined the dynamics between causes of forgetting and the inhibition of a prepotent response in the context of three formal models of the limits of WMC: A resources model, a decay-based model, and three versions of the IM. The resources model was built on the assumption that a limited and shared source of activation for the maintenance and manipulation of the objects underlies the limits of WMC. The decay model assumes that memory traces of the working-memory objects decay over time if they are not reactivated via different mechanisms of maintenance. The IM, already described, proposes that interference-related mechanisms explain the limits of WMC. In two experiments and in a reanalysis of data of the second experiment, one version of the IM received more statistical support from the data. This version of the IM proposes that interference by feature overwriting and interference by confusion are the main factors underlying the limits of WMC. In addition, the model suggests that experimental conditions involving the inhibition of a prepotent response reduce the speed of processing and promotes the involuntary activation of irrelevant information in working memory. Chapter 4 summed up Chapter 2 and 3 and discussed their findings and presented how this thesis has provided evidence of interference-related mechanisms as the main cause of forgetting, and it has attempted to clarify the role of inhibition and attentional control in working memory. With the implementation of formal models and experimental manipulations in the framework of nonlinear mixed models the data offered explanations of causes of forgetting and the role of inhibition in WMC at different levels: developmental effects, aging effects, effects related to experimental manipulations and individual differences in these effects. Thus, the present approach afforded a comprehensive view of a large number of factors limiting WMC. Bei vielen kognitiven Aktivitäten ist die vorübergehende Speicherung und Manipulation von Mental Objects ein notwendiger Schritt um ein kognitiven Ziel zu erreichen. Diese Prozesse finden im Arbeitsgedächtnis statt. Diese Dissertation behandelt die Frage wodurch die Kapazität des Arbeitsgedächtnisses (Working Memory Capacity, WMC) limitiert wird. Dieses Thema wurde in der Literatur bislang kontrovers diskutiert (Barrouillet & Camos, 2009; Lewandowsky, Oberauer, & Brown, 2009). Es wird hier vorgeschlagen, dass die Dynamik zwischen den Ursachen des Vergessens und den Prozessen, welche die Aufrechterhaltung unterstützen, und die Manipulation der Memoranda die Grundlagen für das Verständnis der WMC-Limitierung bildet. Kapitel 1 führt in das Thema ein und erklärt die Strategie um die Dynamik zwischen Hemmung, Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle und den Ursachen des Vergessens im Arbeitsgedächtnis zu untersuchen. Die Untersuchung in Kapitel 2 testet die Leistung von Kindern, jungen und alten Erwachsenen in einem Working Memory Updating Task mit zwei Bedingungen; eine beinhaltet Go-Steps, die andere Go- und No-Go Steps. Die Daten der Experimentalgruppen wurden mithilfe des Interferenzmodells (IM; Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006), welches Interferenz-ähnliche Mechanismen als Hauptursache des Vergessens postuliert, simultan gefitted. Zusätzlich zu Interferenz-ähnlichen Parametern, die Interferenz durch Feature-Overwriting oder Ablenkung beinhalten, sowie Parametern welche die Geschwindigkeit der Informationsverarbeitung repräsentieren, wurde ein neuer Parameter eingeführt. Dieser beschreibt die benötigte Zeit um zwischen Go- und No-Go Steps zu unterscheiden. Es wird gezeigt, dass Kinder und junge Erwachsene weniger anfällig für Interferenz durch Feature-Overwriting waren als alte Erwachsene. Kinder waren am anfälligsten für Interferenz durch Ablenkung, gefolgt von alten Erwachsenen und jungen Erwachsenen. Junge Erwachsene zeigten die schnellste Verarbeitungsrate, gefolgt von Kindern und alten Erwachsenen. Weiterhin wechselten junge Erwachsene am schnellsten zwischen Go- und No-Go Steps. In Kapitel 3 werden die Dynamik zwischen den Ursachen des Vergessens und der Hemmung einer Prepotent Response im Kontext von folgenden drei formellen Modellen der Beschränkung des WMC beschrieben: Ein Ressource-Modell, ein Decay-Based-Modell und drei Versionen des IMs. Die Annahme, dass der Begrenzung der WMC eine beschränkte und eine gemeinsame Ursache der Aktivierung für die Aufrechterhaltung und Manipulation von Objekten zugrunde liegt wurde benutzt um das Ressource-Modell zu konstruieren. Das Decay-Modell nimmt an, dass Memory-Traces von Objekten im Arbeitsgedächtnis mit der Zeit verblassen, wenn sie nicht durch Mechanismen zur Aufrechterhaltung reaktiviert werden. Das IM (s.o.) besagt, dass Interferenz-ähnliche Mechanismen die Limitierung des WMC erklären können. In zwei Experimenten sowie einer Reanalyse der Daten des zweiten Experiments konnte eine der Versionen des IM als statistisch plausibler als die anderen beiden erkannt werden. In dieser Version des IM werden Feature-Overwriting und Interferenz durch Ablenkung als Hauptfaktoren für die Limitierung des WMCs beschrieben. Zusätzlich werden experimentelle Bedingungen welche eine Hemmung der Prepotent Response beinhalten als reduzierende Faktoren für die Geschwindigkeit der Informationsverarbeitung sowie für die unfreiwillige Aktivierung irrelevanter Information im WM genannt. Kapitel 4 fasst Kapitel 2 und 3 zusammen und zeigt, wie diese Arbeit Evidenz für Interferenz-ähnliche Mechanismen als Hauptursache des Vergessens liefert; weiterhin wird versucht die Rolle der Hemmung und Aufmerksamkeitskontrolle im Arbeitsgedächtnis zu erklären. Mit der Implementierung von formalen Modellen und experimentellen Manipulationen im Rahmen von Nonlinear-Mixed-Models konnten die Ursachen des Vergessens und die Rolle der Hemmung im WMC auf verschiedenen Ebenen erklärt werden. Entwicklungseffekte, altersbedingte Effekte, Effekte durch experimentelle Manipulationen sowie individuelle Unterschiede in diesen Effekten spielten eine wichtige Rolle. Die hier vorgestellte Herangehensweise ermöglicht daher einen umfassenden Blick auf eine große Anzahl auf WMC-limitierende Faktoren.
- Published
- 2013
47. Modelos de variables latentes, modelación cognitiva y memoria de trabajo: un punto de encuentro
- Author
-
Rodríguez Villagra, Odir and Rodríguez Villagra, Odir
- Abstract
Latent variable models and formal cognitive models share some elements of their object of study, variousphilosophical aspects, and some parts of their methodology. Nevertheless, little communication exists between their theories and findings. In order to highlight similarities and differences, this study implemented and tested a formal model proposing that interference among representations is a mechanism limiting working memory capacity (i.e., the interference model of Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006). Furthermore, the study incorporated an experimental manipulation to evaluate the role of the inhibition in prepotent responses and task switching in the interference model framework. These findings were used to expose some connections that could facilitate a rapprochement between formal cognitive models and psychometric models based on the latent variable theory., Los modelos de variables latentes y los modelos cognitivos formales comparten algunos aspectos de su objeto de estudio, varios aspectos filosóficos y parte de su metodología. A pesar de ello, existe poca comunicación entre sus teorías y hallazgos. Con el objetivo de resaltar similitudes y diferencias entre ambos enfoques en este estudio se implementó y evaluó un modelo formal que propone la interferencia entre representaciones como el mecanismo que limita la capacidad de memoria de trabajo (i.e., el modelo de interferencia de Oberauer & Kliegl, 2006). Además, se incorporó una manipulación experimental quetuvo como objetivo evaluar el papel de la inhibición en respuestas inminentes y el desplazamiento de la atención entre tareas en el contexto del modelo de interferencia. A partir de estos hallazgos se expusieron algunas conexiones que podrían facilitar el acercamiento entre los modelos cognitivos formales y los modelos psicométricos basados en la teoría de la variable latente.
- Published
- 2015
48. Validez y confiabilidad de tres escalas para evaluar conductas sociales en preescolares y escolares
- Author
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Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio, Padilla Mora, Michael, and Fornaguera Trías, Jaime
- Subjects
Conductas sociales ,Confiabilidad ,Conducta ,1 - Filosofía y psicología::159.9 - Psicología [CDU] ,Preescolares ,Escolares ,Maquiavelismo ,Validez ,Análisis factorial - Abstract
Estudiamos la validez y confiabilidad de tres escalas para evaluar conductas sociales niños y niñas costarricenses de preescolar y primer grado (n=262). Una de las escalas evalúa el comportamiento prosocial (ECPRO), otra evalúa la habilidad de explotar la experticia de los demás (EXHAD), y una más evalúa el comportamiento maquiavélico (EMach) en el ámbito escolar. Las escalas son completadas por docentes previamente capacitadas, de modo que el puntaje de cada niño o niña depende del criterio de su maestra respectiva. La estructura factorial de cada escala fue evaluada mediante un análisis de componentes principales. Según este análisis la ECPRO exhibió una estructura unidimensional caracterizada por un componente denominado “Disposición para Ayudar a los Otros”, la EXHAD mostró dos componentes principales denominados “Aprendizaje Social por Observación” y “Explotación de la Frutos de la Experticia de los Demás”, y la EMach reveló tres componentes: “Tácticas Maquiavélicas”, “Actitudes Ambivalentes hacia los Demás” y “Comprensión Social”. Las escalas arrojaron evidencia sobre una adecuada confiabilidad interna y validez de constructo. La ECPRO y la EMach evidenciaron validez discriminante entre sí. Además, estos hallazgos sugieren que el criterio de las maestras es una muy buena alternativa para evaluar este tipo de conductas sociales The purpose of this study was to expose validity and reliability of three teacher’s ratings scales of socials behaviors in one sample (N=262) of preschoolers and scholars (grade one) Costa Ricans children. We design one scale of prosocial behavior (ECPRO) and other to evaluate the ability of exploiter the other’s expertise (EXHAD). Moreover we adaptone scale of machiavellian behavior (EMach). Teachers completed three scales for each participant. Factor structure was evaluated by principal components analysis. This analysis show that ECPRO is form by one component “Disposition for help others”, EXHAD is constitute by two components “Social Learning by Observation” and “Exploiting the Fruits of Other’s Expertise”; whereas EMach is constitute by three components “Machiavellian Tactics”, “Ambivalent Attitudes Toward the Others” and“Social Understanding”. The three teacher’s ratings scales show evidence of construct validity and internal reliability; furthermore ECPRO and EMach show discriminant validity. In addition these findings suggest that teachers are an excellent choice to evaluate this kind of socials behaviors. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias de la Salud::Centro de Investigación en Neurociencias (CIN)
- Published
- 2010
49. Estrés y Depresión: Hipótesis Neuroendocrinas
- Author
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Brenes Sáenz, Juan Carlos and Rodríguez Villagra, Odir Antonio
- Subjects
Monoamines ,Monoaminas ,Depression ,Depresión ,Sistema neuroendocrino ,Stress ,Neuroendocrine system ,Estrés - Abstract
La hipótesis que ha dominado el conocimiento de la depresión durante los últimos 50 años (hipótesis de las monoaminas), está siendo desplazada por el desarrollo de otros modelos psicobiológicos. Uno de los modelos más importantes es el de la disfunción del eje hipotalámico – hipofisiario – suprarrenal (HHS), que relaciona los acontecimientos estresantes de la vida con un proceso subyacente de sensibilización, condicionamiento y plasticidad nerviosa. La participación de sistemas moduladores complementarios a la actividad del eje HHS (el factor liberador de corticotrofina, los receptores de los glucocorticoides y la arginina vasopresina) y la evidencia que vincula al mismo con una alteración en los niveles de serotonina, noradrenalina y dopamina, fortalecen las hipótesis neuroendocrinas de la depresión. The hypothesis that has dominated the knowledge of the depression during the last 50 years (hypothesis of monoamines), is being displaced by the development of other psychobiological models. The hypothalamic – pituitary– adrenal axis (HPA) dysfunction, is one of the most important new models that relates aversive life events to an underlying process of sensitivity, conditioning and nervous plasticity. The participation of HPA axis complementary modulators activity (corticotrophin release factor, the glucocorticoid receptors and the vasopressin feedback regulation) and the evidence that related this axis with a serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine alterati on levels, fortifies the neuroendocrinological hypotheses of depression. UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Sociales::Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIP) UCR::Vicerrectoría de Docencia::Ciencias Sociales::Facultad de Ciencias Sociales::Escuela de Psicología
- Published
- 2005
50. Teoría de la mente en niños preescolares: diferencias entre sexos y capacidad de memoria de trabajo
- Author
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Padilla Mora, Michael, primary, Cerdas González, Ana Isabel, additional, Rodríguez Villagra, Odir, additional, and Fornaguera Trías, Jaime, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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