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Abstract Background Lawsonia intracellularis is the causative agent of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy (PPE), one of the most prevalent pig enteric diseases worldwide, but with sparse information about early infections in suckling piglets in the epidemiology of PPE. With that aim, this study evaluates the prevalence of L. intracellularis in 3-week-old piglets by analysing ileal digesta content and mucosal scrapings from 383 pigs from 16 farms (aprox., 25 pigs/batch) by real-time qPCR and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Results Forty-nine samples yielded a qPCR positive result. Eleven samples from eight farms were confirmed as positive with concentrations of L. intracellularis from 3.5 log10 to 4.5 log10 bacteria/g of sample. Another 16 samples, eight farms, were classified as low positive (2.07–2.38 log10 bacteria/g) and 22 provided an uncertain result. Finally, 334 samples tested negative for L. intracellularis. At batch level, half of the farms included in the study had at least one positive sample and in 10 farms (62.5%) there was at least one low positive sample. The ddPCR was run in 50 of the 383 samples based on their PCR output (including low positive, uncertain and negative samples). Correlation analyses revealed a strong association between qPCR and the ddPCR results (ρ = 0.75; p

Mexico City emits several thousands of tons of particle matter from transportation and other economic sectors. We collected PM2.5 samples from January to March 2015. The chemical analyses showed that PM2.5 is made up of 39% organic carbon, 12% elemental carbon, 23% metals (Al, Si, S, P, and K), and 5% heavy metals (Pb, Cr, Mn, Zn, and Hg). Ca and Fe were also present in trace concentrations, probably due to the resuspension of soils. Nitrate, sulfate, and ammonium suggest that the southwest of Mexico City, specifically the sampling site, receives more oxidated pollutants from vehicle emissions than other emissions. The chemical analyses show no significant changes in the composition or concentration of particle matter compared to previous studies.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) related Multiphenotypic Sinonasal Carcinoma (HMSC) is a rare tumor with features of both atypical squamous cell and adenoid cystic carcinoma, making diagnosis challenging. Approximately 80% of HMSC cases carries HPV type 33 followed by type 35. We present a patient with HMSC. Pathological classification was aided by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The presence of HPV-DNA was tested using PCR and HPV E6/E7 expression by RNA in situ hybridization (RNA ISH). Whole exome sequencing (WES) was used to identify somatic gene mutations and copy number alterations. A 55-year-old male presented with an HMSC in the right nostril. Histological examination showed a solid basaloid subtype with mucinous spaces and ductal structures. IHC showed positive staining for SOX-10, SMA, p40, p63, PanCK, CK8 and MYB. Diffuse positive staining for p16 was observed and PCR and RNA ISH indicated the presence of HPV type 35. The patient was treated with endoscopic surgery and radiotherapy and is currently alive and recurrence-free after 16 months of follow-up. WES revealed 38 somatic sequence variants and several chromosomal regions with copy number alterations, including a copy number gain at 6q23 where MYB is located. EP300, ZNF22, ZNF609 and LRIG3 are some of the genes whose mutations were indicated as probably pathogenic. We did not find mutations predictive for drug response according to the ESMO Scale for Clinical Actionability of Molecular Targets database. This is the first report of WES analysis of an HMSC, in this case associated with HPV type 35. The detected mutation in EP300 and the overexpression of MYB may serve as molecular targets for personalized therapy.

IntroductionPatients with coronary artery disease (CAD) have a higher risk of developing cognitive impairment and mental health disorders compared to the general population. Physical exercise might improve their brain health. The overall goal of the HEART-BRAIN randomized controlled trial (RCT) is to investigate the effects of different types of exercise on brain health outcomes in patients with CAD, and the underlying mechanisms.MethodsThis three-arm, single-blinded RCT will include 90 patients with CAD (50–75 years). Participants will be randomized into: (1) control group—usual care (n = 30), (2) aerobic high-intensity interval training (HIIT) (n = 30), or (3) HIIT combined with resistance exercise training (n = 30). The 12-week intervention includes 3 supervised sessions (45-min each) per week for the exercise groups. Outcomes will be assessed at baseline and post-intervention. The primary outcome is to determine changes in cerebral blood flow assessed by magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes include changes in brain vascularization, cognitive measures (i.e., general cognition, executive function and episodic memory), and cardiorespiratory fitness. Additional health-related outcomes, and several potential mediators and moderators will be investigated (i.e., brain structure and function, cardiovascular and brain-based biomarkers, hemodynamics, physical function, body composition, mental health, and lifestyle behavior).ConclusionThe HEART-BRAIN RCT will provide novel insights on how exercise can impact brain health in patients with CAD and the potential mechanisms explaining the heart-brain connection, such as changes in cerebral blood flow. The results may have important clinical implications by increasing the evidence on the effectiveness of exercise-based strategies to delay cognitive decline in this high-risk population.Clinical trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, identifier [NCT06214624].

Abstract Scientific literature has clarified that bullying is a global challenge and students with special educational needs (SEN) are at a higher risk of experiencing it. Educational actions focused on dialogue and interaction as dialogic gatherings (DG) have been widely studied as a successful educational action (SEAs) rooted in egalitarian dialogue that promotes social cohesion. However, its potential to prevent bullying among students with SEN remains to be investigated. This qualitative case study explores the impact of implementing DG in two elementary classrooms and its potential to prevent school violence in a comprehensive school setting (43 students, 10–12 years old, from which 5 had SEN). Classroom observations of DGs and focus groups with teachers and students were conducted. Data analysis indicated that DG effectively contributed to students’ increased awareness regarding the distinction between violent and non-violent relationships, and influenced their personal preferences, guiding them towards non-violent behaviours. Implications for practice highlight the potential of DG to enhance non-violent behaviours among elementary students, which is particularly relevant to ensure students with SEN’s protection and inclusion.

Mercury (Hg) has been extensively studied due to its impact on the environment and health, but its effects on wild mammal populations are still poorly known. Therefore, the use of biomonitors has gained importance. Our objective was to report and compare, for the first time, the amount of mercury in small mammals belonging to three trophic guilds and to provide an initial toxicology perspective in the Mezquital Valley, a critically polluted area of Central Mexico. We quantified total Hg from the hair and liver of a nectarivorous bat (Leptonycteris yerbabuenae), an insectivorous bat (Corynorhinus townsendii) and a granivorous mouse (Peromyscus melanophrys) using atomic absorption spectrometry during the dry and rainy seasons. We compared the mercury concentrations between seasons, species and matrices. In all species, the average mercury content was higher in hair than liver, and there was no correlation between matrices. There was no difference in mercury content among species. Hg concentrations in the livers of P. melanophrys and C. townsendii were lower during the dry season than the rainy season, suggesting a seasonal decline in mercury availability. All of the values detected were below the neurotoxicity threshold reported in small mammals (10 ppm); however, we propose constant monitoring of Hg in their environment and confirm the utility of these species as biomonitors.

Resumen: Introducción: A raíz de la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2 en marzo del 2020 los laboratorios de función pulmonar (LFP) sufrieron una transformación, con la reducción del número de pruebas o cierre en algunos casos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue conocer la actividad de los LFP en España y la modificación de esta debido a la pandemia. Material y métodos: Se realizó una encuesta protocolizada a los miembros de los LFP a través de la Sociedad Española de Neumología y Cirugía Torácica (SEPAR). Resultados: Contestaron 39 hospitales del territorio nacional. Las pruebas de función pulmonar que más se realizaban en los LFP fueron: espirometría forzada con prueba broncodilatadora (100%), pletismografía corporal (97,4%), capacidad de transferencia CO (97,4%), fuerza de los músculos respiratorios medidos en boca (97,4%), prueba de la marcha de 6 min (94,7%), medición de fracción exhalada de óxido nítrico (92,3%) y prueba de esfuerzo incremental (71,8%).La pandemia produjo un descenso significativo en el número de pruebas (35,4%) durante el 2020 con posterior recuperación en el 2021, sin llegar a valores prepandemia.Los cambios más importantes fueron: incremento en los tiempos de exploración, el trabajo con equipos de protección individual y la ventilación de los espacios. La realización del frotis nasofaríngeo para estudio de SARS-CoV-2 previo a las pruebas no fue homogénea en los LFP. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los hospitales disponen del equipamiento suficiente para la realización de las pruebas de función pulmonar más frecuentes. La pandemia supuso una pérdida de actividad en todos los hospitales. Abstract: Introduction: Following the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in March 2020, pulmonary function testing (PFT) laboratories underwent a transformation, with a reduction in the number of tests or closure in some cases. The aim of this work was to know the activity of PFT in Spain and the modification of this activity due to the pandemic. Material and methods: A protocolised survey was carried out to members of the PFT laboratories through the Spanish Society of Pneumology and Thoracic Surgery (SEPAR). Results: Thirty-nine hospitals in Spain responded. The pulmonary function tests most frequently performed in the PFT laboratories were forced spirometry with bronchodilator test (100%), body plethysmography (97.4%), CO transfer capacity (97.4%), respiratory muscle strength measured in the mouth (97.4%), 6-minute walking test (94.7%), measurement of exhaled fraction of nitric oxide (92.3%) and incremental exercise test (71.8%).The pandemic led to a significant decrease in the number of tests (35.4%) during 2020 with subsequent recovery in 2021, without reaching pre-pandemic values.The most important changes were increased examination times, working with personal protective equipment and ventilation of the rooms. The performance of the nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV2 testing prior to the tests was not homogeneous in the PFT laboratories. Conclusions: Most hospitals are sufficiently equipped to perform the most common pulmonary function tests. The pandemic resulted in a loss of activity in all hospitals.

The involvement of androgens in the regulation of energy metabolism has been demonstrated. The main objective of the present research was to study the involvement of androgens in both the programming of energy metabolism and the regulatory peptides associated with feeding. For this purpose, androgen receptors and the main metabolic pathways of testosterone were inhibited during the first five days of postnatal life in male and female Wistar rats. Pups received a daily s.c. injection from the day of birth, postnatal day (P) 1, to P5 of Flutamide (a competitive inhibitor of androgen receptors), Letrozole (an aromatase inhibitor), Finasteride (a 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor) or vehicle. Body weight, food intake and fat pads were measured. Moreover, hypothalamic Agouti-related peptide (AgRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), orexin, and proopiomelanocortin (POMC) were analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The inhibition of androgenic activity during the first five days of life produced a significant decrease in body weight in females at P90 but did not affect this parameter in males. Moreover, the inhibition of aromatase decreased hypothalamic AgRP mRNA levels in males while the inhibition of 5α-reductase decreased hypothalamic AgRP and orexin mRNA levels in female rats. Finally, food intake and visceral fat, but not subcutaneous fat, were affected in both males and females depending on which testosterone metabolic pathway was inhibited. Our results highlight the differential involvement of androgens in the programming of energy metabolism as well as the AgRP and orexin systems during development in male and female rats.

Objectives: To evaluate the compassionate use of plitidepsin as an antiviral treatment in hospitalized immunocompromised adult patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19. Design: Retrospective observational study of data —collected from January 01, 2021 to April 30, 2022— from 35 immunocompromised adult patients with COVID-19 non-eligible for other available antiviral treatments. Main outcome measures were time to respiratory recovery (SpFi ≥ 315); COVID-19-related 30-day-cumulative mortality after first plitidepsin infusion; and time to undetectable levels of viral RNA. Results: Thirty-three patients receiving a full course of plitidepsin (2.5 mg [n = 29] or 1.5 mg [n = 4]) were included. Most (69.7%) had a malignant hematologic disease and 27.3% had solid tumors. A total of 111 infusions were administered with lack of relevant safety events. Median time from plitidepsin initiation to SpFi ≥315 was 8 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 7-19). Median time to first negative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for SARS-CoV-2 (cycle threshold >36) was 17 days (95% CI 13-25). Mortality rate was 16.3% (95% CI 3-37.3). Conclusion: These data support plitidepsin as a well-tolerated treatment that might have potential clinical and antiviral efficacy in COVID-19 immunocompromised patients.

Abstract Discrimination and educational inequalities continually affect lifelong learning opportunities among marginalized groups in the 21st century. In Ghana and many parts of Sub-Saharan Africa, children from rural and urban poor communities, ethnic and linguistic minorities and those in displaced situations have experienced discrimination and marginalization in education for decades. However, few studies propose ways marginalized students in Ghana can transform their experiences in school. This paper explores how participating in a dialogue-based intervention named Dialogic Literary Gatherings (DLGs) transformed the educational experiences of marginalized students. An ethnographic-case study was conducted with 8th-grade students in a compulsory school in Southeastern Ghana. Focusing on the personal accounts of seven students, our findings show that the DLGs created affordances for marginalized students to engage in egalitarian dialogue, share their grievances while transforming relationships and attitudes with their peers and boost participants’ self-confidence, eventually transforming their educational experiences. This is relevant for practitioners and stakeholders seeking innovative strategies that potentially transform discriminated and marginalized students’ experiences and potentially keep them in school.

Nitric oxide (NO) is a small vasodilator playing a key role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension. Here, we assessed the potential therapeutic effect of a NO donor targeted to the liver by poly(beta-amino ester) nanoparticles (pBAE NPs) in experimental cirrhosis. Retinol-functionalized NO donor pBAE NPs (Ret pBAE NPs) were synthetized with the aim of actively targeting the liver. Administration of Ret pBAE NPs resulted in uptake and transfection by the liver and spleen. NPs were not found in other organs or the systemic circulation. Treatment with NO donor Ret pBAE NPs (30 mg/ kg body weight) significantly decreased aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase and portal pressure (9.75 ± 0.64 mmHg) compared to control NPs (13.4 ± 0.53 mmHg) in cirrhotic rats. There were no effects on mean arterial pressure and cardiac output. Liver-targeted NO donor NPs reduced collagen fibers and steatosis, activation of hepatic stellate cells and mRNA expression of profibrogenic and proinflammatory genes. Finally, Ret pBAE NPs displayed efficient transfection in human liver slices. Overall, liver-specific NO donor NPs effectively target the liver and mitigated inflammation and portal hypertension in cirrhotic rats. The use of Ret pBAE may prove to be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat advanced liver disease.

ABSTRACTCryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast able to cause disease (mainly meningoencephalitis) among immunosuppressed patients, mostly HIV+. This yeast can form the so-called titan cells in vivo, which are cells of an abnormally larger size due to an increase in both the capsule and the cell body size (total size reaching between 50–70 μm). This phenomenon can be partially reproduced in vitro to obtain cells of an intermediate size (25–30 μm), which have been denominated titan-like cells. In this work, we have screened 1,520 compounds from the Prestwick Chemical Library and identified off-patent drugs that inhibited titan-like cell formation in vitro. We developed an automated fluorescence-based microscopy assay and identified 64 compounds as possible inhibitors of titan-like cells. We chose 10 of these compounds to perform dose-response curves and confirmed them as inhibitors of titan-like cell formation. Several of the compounds identified had antioxidant properties (i.e., retinoic acid), indicating a possible role of free radicals during titan cell formation. Using fluorescent probes, we found that there was an endogenous accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during cell growth, which was inhibited in the presence of retinoic acid. Furthermore, we found that during titanization, there were significant changes in the mitochondria, which is the main organelle where ROS are produced. We hypothesize that an intracellular increase of free radicals at the mitochondria might be a triggering signal to induce titanization.IMPORTANCECryptococcus neoformans is an excellent model to investigate fungal pathogenesis. This yeast can produce “titan cells,” which are cells of an abnormally larger size that contribute to the persistence of the yeast in the host. In this work, we have used a new approach to characterize them by identifying drugs that inhibit this process. We have used a repurposing off-patent drug library, combined with an automatic method to image and analyze fungal cell size. In this way, we have identified many compounds that inhibit this transition. Interestingly, several compounds were antioxidants, allowing us to confirm that endogenous ROS and mitochondrial changes are important for titan cell formation. This work provides new evidence of the mechanisms required for titanization. Furthermore, the future characterization of the inhibitory mechanisms of the identified compounds by the scientific community will contribute to better understand the role of titan cells in virulence.

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is a growing global health concern. Recent advances have demonstrated significant reductions in acute cardiovascular events through the management of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. However, these factors are responsible for about 50% of the global cardiovascular disease burden. Considering that CVDs are one of the top mortality causes worldwide, the concept of residual cardiovascular risk is an important emerging area of study. Different factors have been proposed as sources of residual risk markers, including non-HDL particles characterization, as well as inflammation measured by serum and imaging technics. Among these, metabolic-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remains controversial. Two opposing viewpoints contend: one positing that fatty liver disease merely reflects classical risk factors and thus adds no additional risk and another asserting that fatty liver disease independently impacts cardiovascular disease incidence. To address this dilemma, one hypothetical approach is to identify specific hepatic energy-yielding mechanisms and assess their impact on the cardiovascular system. Ketogenesis, a metabolic intermediate process particularly linked to energy homeostasis during fasting, might help to link these concepts. Ketogenic metabolism has been shown to vary through MASLD progression. Additionally, newer evidence supports the significance of circulating ketone bodies in cardiovascular risk prediction. Furthermore, ketogenic metabolism modification seems to have a therapeutic impact on cardiovascular and endothelial damage. Describing the relationship, if any, between steatotic liver disease and cardiovascular disease development through ketogenesis impairment might help to clarify MASLD’s role in cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, this evidence might help to solve the controversy surrounding liver steatosis impact in CVD and might lead to a more accurate risk assessment and therapeutic targets in the pursuit of precision medicine.

HER2-positive breast cancer is associated with aggressive behavior and reduced survival rates. Calcitriol restores the antiproliferative activity of antiestrogens in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer cells by re-expressing ERα. Furthermore, calcitriol and its analog, EB1089, enhance responses to standard anti-cancer drugs. Therefore, we aimed to investigate EB1089 effects when added to the combined treatment of lapatinib and antiestrogens on the proliferation of HER2-positive breast cancer cells. BT-474 (ER-positive/HER2-positive) and SK-BR-3 (ER-negative/HER2-positive) cells were pre-treated with EB1089 to modulate ER expression. Then, cells were treated with EB1089 in the presence of lapatinib with or without the antiestrogens, and proliferation, phosphorylation array assays, and Western blot analysis were performed. The results showed that EB1089 restored the antiproliferative response to antiestrogens in SK-BR-3 cells and improved the inhibitory effects of the combination of lapatinib with antiestrogens in the two cell lines. Moreover, EB1089, alone or combined, modulated ERα protein expression and reduced Akt phosphorylation in HER2-positive cells. EB1089 significantly enhanced the cell growth inhibitory effect of lapatinib combined with antiestrogens in HER2-positive breast cancer cells by modulating ERα expression and Akt phosphorylation suppression. These results highlight the potential of this therapeutic approach as a promising strategy for managing HER2-positive breast cancer.

Summary: Background: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) have a higher risk of developing other malignancies (OMs) compared to the general population. However, the impact of CLL-related risk factors and CLL-directed treatment is still unclear and represents the focus of this work. Methods: We conducted a retrospective international multicenter study to assess the incidence of OMs and detect potential risk factors in 19,705 patients with CLL, small lymphocytic lymphoma, or high-count CLL-like monoclonal B-cell lymphocytosis, diagnosed between 2000 and 2016. Data collection took place between October 2020 and March 2022. Findings: In 129,254 years of follow-up after CLL diagnosis, 3513 OMs were diagnosed (27.2 OMs/1000 person-years). The most common hematological OMs were Richter transformation, myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Non-melanoma skin (NMSC) and prostate cancers were the most common solid tumors (STs).The only predictor for MDS and AML development was treatment with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide with/without rituximab (FC ± R) (OR = 3.7; 95% CI = 2.79–4.91; p

BackgroundDentistry interventions cause common anxiety and fear problems in children (6-11 years), and according to scientific evidence, this causes a decrease in their quality of life. Therapies mediated by IT-based tools have been shown to positively influence children’s mood based on distraction as well as relaxing activities, but there is no evidence of their use to reduce dental anxiety in children. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to answer the following research question: Does our new children-centered codesign methodology contribute to achieving a usable mobile-based product with a highly scored user experience? MethodsA mobile health app was developed to reduce dental anxiety in children using rapid application development following the usage-centered design methodology. Structured interviews were conducted to test the usability and user experience of the app prototype among 40 children (n=20, 50%, boys and n=20, 50%, girls; age 6-11 years) using a children-adapted questionnaire and the 7-point Single Ease Question rating scale. The Smiley Faces Program—Revised questionnaire was used to assess the level of dental anxiety in participants. ResultsThere were no significant differences between girls and boys. The task completion rate was 95% (n=19) for children aged 6-8 years (group 1) and 100% (n=20) for children aged 9-11 years (group 2). Group 1 found watching the relaxing video (task C) to be the easiest, followed by playing a video minigame (task B) and watching the narrative (task A). Group 2 found task C to be the easiest, followed by task A and then task B. The average time spent on the different types of tasks was similar in both age groups. Most of the children in both age groups were happy with the app and found it funny. All children thought that having the app in the waiting room during a dental visit would be useful. ConclusionsThe findings confirmed that the app is usable and provides an excellent user experience. Our children-adapted methodology contributes to achieving usable mobile-based products for children with a highly scored user experience.

Research has shown that participating in collaborative interactions is essential both for language learning and for effective access to school content, which is even more important in multilingual contexts where a large proportion of students are in schools where the language of instruction is different from the language of the home context. However, research still needs to analyse further educational actions that succeed in generating collaborative interactions under these circumstances. This exploratory study analyses an educational action called Interactive Groups in a multilingual context in which Basque is the language of instruction and is the L2 for most pupils. Using the Communicative Methodology, twenty-one Interactive Groups were video recorded and analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Two interviews were conducted with teachers, one with a volunteer, seven with students, and two focus groups with students. The results show that collaborative interactions in the target language prevail in these Interactive Groups, which is achieved because both the adult and the students generate a collective scaffolding that (a) encourages focusing on the academic task, (b) neutralises disruptive behaviours and (c) activates solidarity among students to overcome learning difficulties. The educational implications of the results are discussed.

The retina is particularly vulnerable to genetic and environmental alterations that generate oxidative stress and cause cellular damage in photoreceptors and other retinal neurons, eventually leading to cell death. CERKL (CERamide Kinase-Like) mutations cause Retinitis Pigmentosa and Cone-Rod Dystrophy in humans, two disorders characterized by photoreceptor degeneration and progressive vision loss. CERKL is a resilience gene against oxidative stress, and its overexpression protects cells from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. Besides, CERKL contributes to stress granule-formation and regulates mitochondrial dynamics in the retina. Using the CerklKD/KO albino mouse model, which recapitulates the human disease, we aimed to study the impact of Cerkl knockdown on stress response and activation of photoreceptor death mechanisms upon light/oxidative stress. After acute light injury, we assessed immediate or late retinal stress response, by combining both omic and non-omic approaches. Our results show that Cerkl knockdown increases ROS levels and causes a basal exacerbated stress state in the retina, through alterations in glutathione metabolism and stress granule production, overall compromising an adequate response to additional oxidative damage. As a consequence, several cell death mechanisms are triggered in CerklKD/KO retinas after acute light stress. Our studies indicate that Cerkl gene is a pivotal player in regulating light-challenged retinal homeostasis and shed light on how mutations in CERKL lead to blindness by dysregulation of the basal oxidative stress response in the retina.

El propósito del presente artículo es reflexionar sobre una experiencia de escritura etnográfica de ficción que hicimos mientras hacíamos investigación colaborativa. Mediante un ejercicio de memoria, imaginación e investigación hemos creado un producto de ficción sonora junto a un colectivo social que lucha por el acceso a una vivienda digna: Stop Desahucios Granada 15M. Partiendo de la materialidad de uno de los guiones que forman parte de nuestro producto de ficción sonora, la radionovela, pretendemos en primer lugar mostrar de qué forma hemos elaborado los seis episodios de la serie, construyendo antes tramas y personajes, y después los diálogos. En segundo lugar hablaremos de los aspectos más performativos, de transgresión del guion, que hemos experimentado durante las grabaciones. En tercer lugar abordaremos dos “mutaciones” en las formas de hacer y presentar la etnografía que ha generado el despliegue colaborativo de estrategias de investigación basadas en la construcción de guiones de ficción sonora. Y por último plantearemos por qué consideramos que la elaboración de guiones de ficción han sido un elemento central de nuestra etnografía colaborativa. The purpose of this paper is to reflect on an experience of fictional ethnographic writing that we made while doing collaborative research. Through an exercise of memory, imagination and investigation, we created a radio fiction series together with a social movement that fights for the right to decent housing: Stop Desahucios Granada 15M. Starting from the materiality of one of the scripts that form part of our series, a radio soap opera, we want to show how we jointly wrote the six episodes of the series by constructing first the plots and characters, and after the dialogues. Secondly, we’ll reflect on the performative aspects of the production process, in which we transgressed the scripts. Thirdly, we will address two ‘mutations’ that the collaborative framework of our fiction-based research had generated in our way of doing and communicate ethnography. And finally, we’ll explain the reasons why we consider the writing of the scripts as a central element of our collaborative ethnography.

Abstract Evaluation of right ventricular (RV) function after tricuspid valve surgery is complex. The objective was to identify the most appropriate RV function parameters for this purpose. This prospective study included 70 patients undergoing cardiac and tricuspid valve (TV) surgery. RV size and function parameters were determined at 3 months and 1-year post-surgery. Categorical variables were analyzed with the McNemar test and numerical variables with the Student’s t-test for related samples or, when non-normally distributed, the Wilcoxon test. Spearman's rho was used to determine correlations between variables at 3 months and 1 year. RV diameters were reduced at 3 months post-surgery and were then unchanged at 1 year. Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) and S′ wave values were worse at 3 months and then improved at 1 year (t-score-2.35, p 0.023; t-score-2.68; p 0.010). There was no significant reduction in free wall longitudinal strain (LS) or shortening fraction (SF) at 3 months (t-score 1.421 and − 1.251; p 0.218 and 0.172), and they were only slightly below pre-surgical values at 1 year. No relationship was found between RV function parameters and mortality or major complications. During the first few months after TV surgery, LS may be a more appropriate parameter to evaluate global ventricular function in comparison to TAPSE. At 1 year, good correlations are observed between TAPSE, S′ wave, and LS values.

El objetivo del estudio es identificar la incidencia de mujeres delante y tras la pantalla en largometrajes de animación premiados en algunos de los galardones cinematográficos mundiales más importantes que cuentan con categorías específicas para estas producciones. Se plantea un diseño metodológico mixto que parte de una investigación con orientación descriptiva a partir del análisis de contenido de productos de carácter verbo-icónico (películas) e impresos (libros), aplicado a una muestra que incluye todas las películas premiadas en los cuatro galardones escogidos (Oscars, Annie, Golden Globes y BAFTA) y producidas entre 2000 y 2019. Los resultados inciden en la escasa presencia de mujeres delante y tras la pantalla y la discusión final destaca la importancia de visibilizar la situación real de la mujer en sectores como el de la creación cinematográfica para poder planificar y llevar a cabo mejoras en distintos ámbitos que contribuyan al progreso en materia de igualdad.

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether the introduction of tumor volume as new parameter in the MRI assessment could improve both concordance between preoperative and postoperative staging, and the identification of histological findings.MethodsA retrospective observational study with 127 patients with endometrial cancer (EC) identified between 2016 and 2021 at the Juan Ramon Jimenez University Hospital, Huelva (Spain) was carried out. Tumor volume was measured in three ways. Analyses of Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were performed.ResultsAlthough preoperative MRI had an 89.6% and 66.7% sensitivity for the detection of deep mucosal invasion and cervical stroma infiltration, preoperative assessment had an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.517, underestimating tumor final stage in 12.6% of cases, with a poor agreement between preoperative MRI and postoperative staging (κ=0.082) and low sensitivity (14.3%) for serosa infiltration. The cut-off values for all three volume parameters had good/excellent AUC (0.73-0.85), with high sensitivity (70-83%) and specificity (64-84%) values for all histopathological variables. Excellent/good agreement was found all volume parameters for the identification of deep myometrial invasion (0.71), cervical stroma infiltration (0.80), serosa infiltration (0.81), and lymph node metastases (0.81).ConclusionTumor volume measurements have good predictive capacity to detect histopathological findings that affect final tumor staging and might play a crucial role in the preoperative assessment of patients with endometrial cancer in the future.

Resumen: Introducción: La endocarditis infecciosa (EI) es una patología que conlleva una elevada morbimortalidad y representa un problema creciente de salud pública. El tratamiento quirúrgico es necesario en más de la mitad de los casos, y su principal finalidad es eliminar totalmente el tejido infectado y reconstruir la anatomía cardiaca normal, incluyendo la reparación o la sustitución de la/s válvula/s afectada/s. Objetivo y métodos: El presente estudio se centra en describir el procedimiento más apropiado para la cirugía de reparación mitral en casos de EI, atendiendo a la literatura y a la amplia experiencia adquirida por parte del equipo quirúrgico. De igual modo, hemos recopilado a través de una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura los resultados que se han ido reportando sobre la cirugía reparadora en comparación con el reemplazo valvular mitral. Resultados: La técnica quirúrgica descrita requiere de un estudio minucioso del grado de afectación y desestructuración de los distintos segmentos valvulares. Consideramos que la resección con interposición de parche de pericardio y/o implante de neocuerdas de Goretex® es la técnica estándar que permite obtener resultados reproducibles. La revisión estructurada de las evidencias científicas disponibles verifica la seguridad de la reparación mitral para el tratamiento de la EI, aportando beneficios significativos en comparación con el reemplazo valvular. Conclusión: Los resultados quirúrgicos evaluados sugieren que la cirugía de reparación mitral debería ser considerada el procedimiento de elección para el tratamiento quirúrgico de la EI, siempre que sea técnicamente posible. Abstract: Introduction: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a pathology with a high morbidity and mortality rate and represents a growing public health problem. Surgical treatment is necessary in more than half of the cases, and its main purpose is to completely remove the infected tissue and reconstruct normal cardiac anatomy, including repair or replacement of the affected valve(s). Objectives and methods: The present study focuses on describing the most appropriate procedure for mitral repair surgery in cases of IE, based on the literature and the extensive experience gained by the surgical team. Likewise, we have compiled through a systematic search of the literature the results that have been reported on reparative surgery compared to mitral valve replacement. Results: The surgical technique described requires a thorough study of the degree of involvement and destructuring of the different valve segments. We consider resection with pericardial patch interposition and/or Goretex® neochord implantation to be the standard technique that allows reproducible results. The structured review of the available scientific evidence verifies the safety of mitral repair for the treatment of IE, providing significant benefits compared to valve replacement. Conclusion: The evaluated surgical results suggest that mitral repair surgery should be considered the procedure of choice for the surgical treatment of IE, whenever technically feasible.

La capacitación profesional del profesorado de Educación Infantil en el campo de la educación literaria lleva aparejada la interiorización de hábitos lectores. Así, en el marco de la materia Literatura Infantil y Dramatización (Universidad de Santiago de Compostela), se llevó a cabo un proyecto para el fomento de la lectura con 91 docentes en formación durante el curso 2021-2022. Consistió en la programación de un club de lectura con selecciones de obras vinculadas con el contenido teórico y escogidas en base a criterios específicos como la calidad estética y literaria, que se complementó con la realización de un blog de recomendaciones literarias y propuestas educativas creado por y para docentes nombrado como “Petiscando libros”. Los cuestionarios de evaluación confirman la mejora de la relación del alumnado con la lectura en base al trabajo realizado y una percepción muy positiva de la contribución de la experiencia en su formación como docentes.

Sinonasal teratocarcinosarcoma (TCS) is a rare tumor that displays a variable histology with admixtures of epithelial, mesenchymal, neuroendocrine and germ cell elements. Facing a very poor prognosis, patients with TCS are in need of new options for treatment. Recently identified recurrent mutations in SMARCA4 may serve as target for modern therapies with EZH1/2 and CDK4/6 inhibitors. Here, we present the first in vitro cell line TCS627, established from a previously untreated primary TCS originating in the ethmoid sinus with invasion into the brain. The cultured cells expressed immunohistochemical markers, indicating differentiation of epithelial, neuroepithelial, sarcomatous and teratomatous components. Whole-exome sequencing revealed 99 somatic mutations including SMARCA4, ARID2, TET2, CDKN2A, WNT7A, NOTCH3 and STAG2, all present both in the primary tumor and in the cell line. Focusing on mutated SMARCA4 as the therapeutic target, growth inhibition assays showed a strong response to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib, but much less to the EZH1/2 inhibitor valemetostat. In conclusion, cell line TCS627 carries both histologic and genetic features characteristic of TCS and is a valuable model for both basic research and preclinical testing of new therapeutic options for treatment of TCS patients.

Abstract Background Age and comorbidity are the main determinants of COVID-19 outcome. Shorter leukocyte telomere length (TL), a hallmark of biological aging, has been associated with worse COVID-19 outcomes. We sought to determine TL in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization to analyze whether clinical outcomes and post-COVID-19 manifestations are associated with shorter TL. Results We analyzed 251 patients with PCR-confirmed COVID-19, hospitalized in the first months of the pandemics. We determined TL in PBL at admission by quantitative-PCR (qPCR) analysis in patients. A healthy cohort from the same area with a similar age range (n = 169) was used to calculate TL Z-scores. After hospital discharge, 144 COVID-19 survivors were followed-up for persistent COVID-19 manifestations. A second TL determination was performed in a smaller group of 63 patients 1 year later and compared with baseline TL. Hospitalized COVID-19 patients had a decreased baseline age-adjusted TL Z-score compared to the reference group. No differences in Z-scores were observed in patients with different COVID-19 outcomes, classified as WHO ordinal scores. In 144 patients, followed for a median of 8 months, post-COVID manifestations were not associated to differences in TL. Persistence of lung radiographic abnormalities was associated with shorter baseline TL. In patients with a second TL determination, further telomere shortening (TS) was observed in 35% and telomere lengthening in 49%. Patients with further TS had suffered a more severe disease. Conclusion Shorter TL is associated with COVID-19 hospitalization but not with hospital clinical outcomes nor with persistent post-COVID-19 manifestations. Delayed resolution of radiographic lung abnormalities was also associated with shorter TL.

Abstract Background Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) may be more susceptible to COVID-19 related poor outcomes, including thrombosis and death, due to the advanced age, the presence of comorbidities, and the disease and treatment-related immune deficiency. The aim of this study was to assess the risk of thrombosis and bleeding in patients with CLL affected by severe COVID-19. Methods This is a retrospective multicenter study conducted by ERIC, the European Research Initiative on CLL, including patients from 79 centers across 22 countries. Data collection was conducted between April and May 2021. The COVID-19 diagnosis was confirmed by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for SARS-CoV-2 on nasal or pharyngeal swabs. Severe cases of COVID-19 were defined by hospitalization and the need of oxygen or admission into ICU. Development and type of thrombotic events, presence and severity of bleeding complications were reported during treatment for COVID-19. Bleeding events were classified using ISTH definition. STROBE recommendations were used in order to enhance reporting. Results A total of 793 patients from 79 centers were included in the study with 593 being hospitalized (74.8%). Among these, 511 were defined as having severe COVID: 162 were admitted to the ICU while 349 received oxygen supplementation outside the ICU. Most patients (90.5%) were receiving thromboprophylaxis. During COVID-19 treatment, 11.1% developed a thromboembolic event, while 5.0% experienced bleeding. Thrombosis developed in 21.6% of patients who were not receiving thromboprophylaxis, in contrast to 10.6% of patients who were on thromboprophylaxis. Bleeding episodes were more frequent in patients receiving intermediate/therapeutic versus prophylactic doses of low-molecular-weight heparin (LWMH) (8.1% vs. 3.8%, respectively) and in elderly. In multivariate analysis, peak D-dimer level and C-reactive protein to albumin ratio were poor prognostic factors for thrombosis occurrence (OR = 1.022, 95%CI 1.007‒1.038 and OR = 1.025, 95%CI 1.001‒1.051, respectively), while thromboprophylaxis use was protective (OR = 0.199, 95%CI 0.061‒0.645). Age and LMWH intermediate/therapeutic dose administration were prognostic factors in multivariate model for bleeding (OR = 1.062, 95%CI 1.017–1.109 and OR = 2.438, 95%CI 1.023–5.813, respectively). Conclusions Patients with CLL affected by severe COVID-19 are at a high risk of thrombosis if thromboprophylaxis is not used, but also at increased risk of bleeding under the LMWH intermediate/therapeutic dose administration.

BackgroundThe Cross-Cultural Neuropsychological Test Battery (CNTB) is a novel test battery specifically designed to reduce the impact of multiculturality in cognitive assessment.ObjectiveWe aimed to validate the CNTB in Spaniards in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), including patients at mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild dementia stages, and Parkinson's disease with MCI (PD-MCI).MethodsThirty patients with AD-MCI, 30 with AD-dementia (AD-D), and 30 with PD-MCI were recruited. Each clinical group was compared against a healthy control group (HC) with no differences in sex, age, or years of education. Intergroup comparisons, ROC analysis, and cut-off scores were calculated.ResultsAD-MCI scored lower than HC in those subtests associated with episodic memory and verbal fluency. AD-D also showed lower scores in executive functions and visuospatial tests. Effect sizes for all the subtests were large. PD-MCI showed lower performance than HC in memory and executive functions, particularly on error scores, with large effect sizes. Comparing AD-MCI and PD-MCI, AD-MCI had lower memory scores, while PD-MCI showed the worst performance in executive functions. CNTB showed appropriate convergent validity with standardized neuropsychological tests measuring the same cognitive domains. We obtained similar cut-off scores to previous studies performed in other populations.ConclusionsThe CNTB showed appropriate diagnostic properties in AD and PD, including those stages with mild cognitive impairment. This supports the utility of the CNTB for the early detection of cognitive impairment in AD and PD.

Las denominadas patologías artrósicas engloban un conjunto de procesos crónicos, inflamatorios y degenerativos, muy frecuentes en poblaciones contemporáneas, para las cuales han sido propuestas como desencadenantes la edad, el sexo, la predisposición genética, los traumas, la obesidad, y las actividades laborales/deportivas. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue establecer la prevalencia de la artrosis vertebral anterior (AVA) en una población urbana contemporánea y su relación con la edad y el sexo de los individuos. Se analizaron 95 esqueletos (45 masculinos, 50 femeninos), pertenecientes a la Colección Lambre (La Plata, Argentina). Para el diagnóstico de la patología se relevaron: a) labiación, b) generación de tejido óseo, c) porosidad en las superficies articulares, d) osteofitos verticales mayores a 2 mm y e) eburnación. Los resultados mostraron un 84,21% de individuos afectados sin diferencias entre sexos. Un 60% presentó AVA en la zona cervical, 76,8% en el área torácica, y 74,7% en la zona lumbar. En menores de 50 años fue afectado un 53,85%, porcentaje significativamente menor a los hallados en los rangos 51-70 y mayores de 70 (93,02% y 100% respectivamente). Con el envejecimiento, la severidad de las lesiones aumenta de manera significativa. Estos resultados confirman la alta prevalencia de la patología en nuestra población, la baja implicancia del sexo como factor desencadenante y la relación directa entre la afección y el proceso de envejecimiento.

Las pruebas funcionales respiratorias son imprescindibles para el diagnóstico y el seguimiento de los pacientes asmáticos, principalmente la espirometría forzada junto a la prueba broncodilatadora. Sin embargo, en determinados grupos de pacientes pueden ser necesarias o complementarias otras pruebas funcionales que no están incluidas en los protocolos diagnósticos de las guías de práctica clínica. Si bien estas pruebas suelen ser más complejas y no están disponibles en todos los niveles asistenciales, hay pacientes en los que hay que descartar otras posibles enfermedades respiratorias o incluso caracterizar mejor el asma mediante un estudio más completo de la afectación de la vía aérea. También hay que contemplar la posibilidad de la medición de la función pulmonar en el domicilio en algunos pacientes, lo que puede optimizar su control y disminuir la sobrecarga de recursos sanitarios. En esta revisión describimos la evidencia actual que apoyaría en pacientes con asma el uso de la telemedicina, así como las posibles indicaciones de otras pruebas funcionales como la oscilometría, la pletismografía, la prueba de difusión y las pruebas de esfuerzo.

Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA) is an acquired disorder in which antibodies are produced against self-erythrocyte antigens. We distinguish those produced by cold antibodies (IgM), which may be associated with lymphoproliferative syndromes, infectious diseases, other autoimmune phenomena, as well as drugs or solid tumours. We report a case of AIHA due to cold antibodies as a paraneoplastic syndrome (PNS) in a patient with metastatic renal carcinoma. A 67-year-old man with newly diagnosed stage IV renal carcinoma with hepatic, bone, and lymph node involvement was consulted for abdominal pain. Laboratory tests showed grade 4 anaemia (4.5 g/dL), with positive direct Coombs’ test C3bC3d and agglutinated red blood cells in the blood smear. AIHA by cold antibodies was labelled as PNS in the context of the patient; therefore, blood transfusion as well as treatment of the underlying disease with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (sunitinib) were initiated, with subsequent clinical and analytical improvement. AIHA due to cold antibodies is a well-known PNS in lymphoproliferative disorders, although association with solid tumours, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma and non-small-cell lung cancer have also been described in a small percentage. However, there are few reported cases of AIHA due to cold antibodies associated with renal carcinoma. Management with corticosteroids and immunosuppressors is effective in the majority of cases, but treatment of the underlying disease is critical.

Background: Controversy remains about the efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ) for the treatment of severe COVID-19. We aimed to analyze the profile of TCZ-respondent patients. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of patients with severe COVID-19 who received off-label TCZ after recommendation by a local committee and were admitted to the University Hospital “12 de Octubre” until May 2020. The primary end point was a significant clinical improvement (SCI) on day 14 after administration of TCZ. Factors independently related to SCI were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression models. Results: Of 428 (63.3%) patients treated with TCZ, 271 (63.3%) experienced SCI. After adjustment for factors related to unfavorable outcomes, TCZ administration within the first 48 hours from admission (odds ratio [OR]: 1.98, 95% confidence Interval [95% CI]: 1.1–3.55; P = 0.02) and ALT levels >100 UI/L at day 0 (OR: 3.28; 95% CI: 1.3–8.1; P = 0.01) were independently related to SCI. The rate of SCI significantly decreased according to the time of TCZ administration: 70.2% in the first 48 hours from admission, 58.5% on days 3-7, and 45.1% after day 7 (P = 0.03 and P = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: TCZ improves the prognosis of patients with COVID-19 the most if treatment starts within the first 48 hours after admission.

Forests embedded in an urban matrix are an important site to investigate the effects of multiple anthropogenic influences that can lead to the modification of biogeochemical cycles and, consequently, of the ecosystem services they provide. In this study, the main soil properties, exchangeable cations, and heavy metal concentrations were measured to assess soil quality and fertility, as well as soil carbon stock (SCS) and CO2 effluxes (Rs) at the Natural Protected Area Bosque de Tlalpan (BT). Four study zones were considered: strict protection zone (Z1), restricted use protection zone (Z2), extensive public use zone (Z3), and intensive public use zone (Z4) during three climatic seasons (rainy, dry-cold, and dry-warm seasons). The concentration of heavy metals in the BT soil showed that these elements are within the reference limits accepted by Mexican standards and are not considered toxic to the environment, except for mercury, which exceeded the standard with double the concentration. The results revealed significant variations in the SCS and soil organic matter (SOM) among the different sites. The highest mean values of SCS (3.01 ± 0.63 and 4.96 ± 0.19 kg m−2) and SOM (7.5 ± 1.01% and 8.7 ± 0.93%) were observed in areas of high protection and extensive public use. CO2 effluxes showed significant differences between sampling seasons, with fluxes being highest during the rainy season (3.14 ± 1.01 µmol∙m−2∙s−1). The results suggest that the level of conservation and effective management of the sites played an important role in the carbon storage capacity and in the physicochemical properties of the soil. This not only provided insights into the current state of an urban forest within a large urban area but also emphasized the significance of conserving such ecosystems.

Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasia among women worldwide. For the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) phenotype, tamoxifen is the standard hormonal therapy; however, it carries the risk of promoting endometrial carcinoma. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the antiproliferative effect of the phytochemical α-mangostin (AM) as a co-adjuvant alongside tamoxifen on breast cancer cells to improve its efficacy while reducing its adverse effects on endometrium. For this, ER+ breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and T-47D) and endometrial cells (N30) were treated with AM, 4-hydroxytamoxifen (4-OH-TMX), and their combination. Cell proliferation was evaluated using sulforhodamine B assay, and the pharmacological interaction was determined through the combination index and the dose reduction index calculation. The genes KCNH1, CCDN1, MKI67, and BIRC5 were amplified by real-time PCR as indicators of oncogenesis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, and apoptosis, respectively. Additionally, genes involved in ER signaling were analyzed. In breast cancer cells, the combination of AM with 4-OH-TMX showed a synergistic antiproliferative effect and favorable dose reduction. AM and 4-OH-TMX decreased KCNH1, CCND1, and BIRC5 gene expression. In endometrial cells, AM decreased MKI-67 gene expression, while it reverted the 4-OH-TMX-dependent CCND1 upregulation. This study establishes the benefits of incorporating AM as a co-adjuvant for first-line ER+ breast cancer therapy.

Despite advances in surgery and radiotherapy, the overall prognosis of sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (ITAC) is poor, and new treatment options are needed. Recent studies have indicated alterations in cellular signaling pathways that may serve as targets for modern inhibitors. Our aim was to evaluate the frequency of mTOR and ERK pathway upregulation in a retrospective series of 139 ITAC and to test the efficacy and mechanism of action of candidate targeted inhibitors in cell line ITAC-3. An immunohistochemical analysis on p-AKT, p-mTOR, p-S6, p-4E-BP1, and p-ERK indicated, respectively, a 68% and 57% mTOR and ERK pathway activation. In vitro studies using low doses of mTOR inhibitor everolimus and ERK inhibitor selumetinib showed significant growth inhibition as monotherapy and especially as combined therapy. This effect was accompanied by the downregulation of mTOR and ERK protein expression. Our data open a new and promising possibility for personalized treatment of ITAC patients.

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM), a process in which aggressive cancer cells form tube-like structures, plays a crucial role in providing nutrients and escape routes. Highly plastic tumor cells, such as those with the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, can develop VM. However, little is known about the interplay between the cellular components of the tumor microenvironment and TNBC cells’ VM capacity. In this study, we analyzed the ability of endothelial and stromal cells to induce VM when interacting with TNBC cells and analyzed the involvement of the FGFR/PI3K/Akt pathway in this process. VM was corroborated using fluorescently labeled TNBC cells. Only endothelial cells triggered VM formation, suggesting a predominant role of paracrine/juxtacrine factors from an endothelial origin in VM development. Via immunocytochemistry, qPCR, and secretome analyses, we determined an increased expression of proangiogenic factors as well as stemness markers in VM-forming cancer cells. Similarly, endothelial cells primed by TNBC cells showed an upregulation of proangiogenic molecules, including FGF, VEGFA, and several inflammatory cytokines. Endothelium-dependent TNBC-VM formation was prevented by AZD4547 or LY294002, strongly suggesting the involvement of the FGFR/PI3K/Akt axis in this process. Given that VM is associated with poor clinical prognosis, targeting FGFR/PI3K/Akt pharmacologically may hold promise for treating and preventing VM in TNBC tumors.

We investigated solution-grown single crystals of multidimensional 2D–3D hybrid lead bromide perovskites using spatially resolved photocurrent and photoluminescence. Scanning photocurrent microscopy (SPCM) measurements where the electrodes consisted of a dip probe contact and a back contact. The crystals revealed significant differences between 3D and multidimensional 2D–3D perovskites under biased detection, not only in terms of photocarrier decay length values but also in the spatial dynamics across the crystal. In general, the photocurrent maps indicate that the closer the border proximity, the shorter the effective decay length, thus suggesting a determinant role of the border recombination centers in monocrystalline samples. In this case, multidimensional 2D–3D perovskites exhibited a simple fitting model consisting of a single exponential, while 3D perovskites demonstrated two distinct charge carrier migration dynamics within the crystal: fast and slow. Although the first one matches that of the 2D–3D perovskite, the long decay of the 3D sample exhibits a value two orders of magnitude larger. This difference could be attributed to the presence of interlayer screening and a larger exciton binding energy of the multidimensional 2D–3D perovskites with respect to their 3D counterparts.

In this article, we will analyze how we built the research process of a collaborative ethnography with the Stop Evictions Granada 15M Movement (SEG15M). We will begin with a brief contextualization of the housing issues in Spain and the SEG15M movement to explain why we started the co-research experience with the movement. Next, we will clarify the composition, function, and main purposes of the ‘debate groups’ in our research, as well as their particular differences and dynamics concerning other qualitative techniques. Finally, we will focus on two main aspects, participation and communication, which emerged within the debates and later materialized into a transmedia project and the development of a radio soap opera. The latter is a product, and a process, of collaborative work that bridges communication and participation at the intra- and inter-group levels. It is a fictional story that emerges from the common lived experiences of the groups.

ObjectiveThe Cross-Cultural Dementia (CCD) is a new screening tool to evaluate cognitive impairment based on a cross-cultural perspective to reduce the bias of education, and language and cultural differences. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic properties of the CCD in Spaniards for the assessment of patients with Alzheimer’s disease in mild cognitive impairment (AD-MCI) and mild dementia stages (AD-D) and patients with mild cognitive impairment associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD-MCI).MethodsSixty participants with AD (50% MCI) and thirty with PD-MCI were enrolled. Each clinical group was compared against a healthy control group (HC) with the same number of participants and no significant differences in age, education, and sex. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and CCD were completed. Intergroup comparisons, ROC curves, and cut-off scores were calculated for the study of diagnostic properties.ResultsIntergroup differences were found in accordance with the cognitive profile of each clinical condition. Memory measures (Objects test) were especially relevant for the classification between AD and HC. Memory and executive function scores (Sun-Moon and Dots tests) were useful in the case of PD-MCI and HC. Furthermore, CCD described differences in executive functions and speed scores comparing AD-MCI and PD-MCI. Correlations between standardized neuropsychological tests and CCD measures supported the convergent validity of the test.ConclusionCCD showed good discrimination properties and cut-off scores for dementia and extended its application to a sample of prodromal stages of AD and PD with mild cognitive impairment.

La empresa estadounidense Netflix se ha convertido en una de las plataformas de transmisión en directo de contenido multimedia más poderosas del mundo. Actualmente, las redes sociales, en especial Twitter e Instagram, ofrecen a empresas y marcas, como esta, la posibilidad de comunicarse de manera directa con su audiencia. Por esta razón, Netflix acostumbra usar dichas redes como plataforma publicitaria. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar las estrategias de traducción y las transcreaciones empleadas por Netflix en sus cuentas de Twitter e instagram en español, y comparar las dos versiones para valorar posibles diferencias en las estrategias usadas. Para ello, hemos partido de un corpus de 26 mensajes publicados en las dos redes sociales durante el primer semestre de 2018 y hemos realizado un estudio de tipo descriptivo. Los resultados sugieren que las estrategias de traducción usadas en España son distintas de las de los perfiles latinos, que recurren más habitualmente a la transcreación. Además, observamos que mientras que Twitter se utiliza preferentemente para presentar nuevos productos, Instagram se emplea como medio para afianzarlos en la audiencia.

Coastal marine lagoons are environments highly vulnerable to anthropogenic pressures such as agriculture nutrient loading or runoff from metalliferous mining. Sediment microorganisms, which are key components in the biogeochemical cycles, can help attenuate these impacts by accumulating nutrients and pollutants. The Mar Menor, located in the southeast of Spain, is an example of a coastal lagoon strongly altered by anthropic pressures, but the microbial community inhabiting its sediments remains unknown. Here, we describe the sediment prokaryotic communities along a wide range of environmental conditions in the lagoon, revealing that microbial communities were highly heterogeneous among stations, although a core microbiome was detected. The microbiota was dominated by Delta- and Gammaproteobacteria and members of the Bacteroidia class. Additionally, several uncultured groups such as Asgardarchaeota were detected in relatively high proportions. Sediment texture, the presence of Caulerpa or Cymodocea, depth, and geographic location were among the most important factors structuring microbial assemblages. Furthermore, microbial communities in the stations with the highest concentrations of potentially toxic elements (Fe, Pb, As, Zn, and Cd) were less stable than those in the non-contaminated stations. This finding suggests that bacteria colonizing heavily contaminated stations are specialists sensitive to change.

Background: Uterine arteriovenous malformations (UAVM) are especially relevant vascular abnormalities due to the vital risk that may stem from severe genital bleeding. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the ultrasound criteria for the diagnosis of UAVM and determine which ones are the consistently relevant for the diagnosis of UAVM. Methods: For this systemic review, we followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The systematic search was carried out in PubMed and Embase databases up to January 31st, 2023. The total amount of articles compiled with the search strategy was 3191. Results: 21 records met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The results revealed the heterogeneity in the studies on UAVM, as not all studies use the same ultrasound (US) features. Most of the included articles described data on US findings in the grayscale mode, which were variable and not specific for the diagnosis. In terms of color Doppler mapping and spectral Doppler analysis, the findings were consistent in all articles included, showing abnormal strong hypervascular lesions corresponding with a tangle of irregular vessels with multidirectional and strongly turbulent intraluminal flow. Conclusions: Ultrasound diagnosis of uterine arteriovenous malformations might be initially suspected in the grayscale mode, although the color and spectral Doppler assessment seems to be the key to achieving a consistent diagnosis with the visualization of a tangle of vessels in a ‘mosaic’ pattern with multidirectional turbulent flow in an arteriovenous shunting, with high-velocity and low-impedance values in spectral flow analysis.

The present work reports the synthesis and the physicochemical characterization of biochar from the organic wastes of nopal (Opuntia Leucotricha), coffee grounds (Coffea arabica) and Ataulfo mango seeds (Mangifera indica) as alternative electrocatalyst supports to Vulcan XC-72 carbon black. The biochars were prepared using pyrolysis from organic wastes collected at three temperatures, 600, 750 and 900 °C, under two atmospheres, N2 and H2. The synthesized biochars were characterized using Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to obtain insights into their chemical structure and morphological nature, respectively, as a function of temperature and pyrolysis atmosphere. A N2 adsorption/desorption technique, two-point conductivity measurements and cyclic voltammetry (CV) were conducted to evaluate the specific surface area (SSA), electrical conductivity and double-layer capacitance, respectively, of all the biochars to estimate their physical properties as a possible alternative carbon support. The results indicated that the mango biochar demonstrated the highest properties among all the biochars, such as an electrical conductivity of 8.3 S/cm−1 at 900 °C in N2, a specific surface area of 829 m2/g at 600 °C in H2 and a capacitance of ~300 mF/g at 900 °C in N2. The nopal and coffee biochars exhibited excellent specific surface areas, up to 767 m2/g at 600 °C in N2 and 699 m2/g at 750 °C in H2, respectively; nonetheless, their electrical conductivity and capacitance were limited. Therefore, the mango biochar at 900 °C in N2 was considered a suitable alternative carbon material for electrocatalyst support. Additionally, it was possible to determine that the electrical conductivity and capacitance increased as a function of the pyrolysis temperature, while the specific surface area decreased for some biochars as the pyrolysis temperature increased. Overall, it is possible to conclude that heat treatment at a high temperature of 900 °C enhanced the biochar properties toward electrocatalyst support applications.