Search

Introdução: as pessoas com deficiências têm anormalidade de estrutura ou função anatômica, fisiológica ou psicológica. Sendo que nas lesões crônicas e deficiências permanentes aumenta as taxas de prevalência de alterações mentais ou comportamentais. O uso de cannabis sativa nos esportes tornou-se questão polêmica proeminente e debatida pelas autoridades governamentais e por movimentos esportivos que lutam contra o doping no esporte. Objetivos: analisar o uso de Cannabis Sativa e aspectos saúde no Treino de Basquete em Cadeiras de Rodas (BCR) das Pessoas com Deficiência Motora (PCD-M). Métodos: estudo experimental tipo ensaio clínico randomizado. A amostra foi triada da população do sexo masculino PCD-M, em idade igual e superior a 18 anos até 55 anos, residentes na Baixada Cuiabana-MT, Brasil, sendo recrutadas por sorteio (n=100), e randomizadas para avaliação (n=48), alocados em dois braços sendo experimental (GE n=21) e controle (GC n=27). A coleta foi realizada por entrevista estruturada e avaliação clínica incluindo os aspectos sociodemográficos, hábitos de estilo de vida, autorrelatos de álcool e drogas. O treino de basquete foi feito duas vezes da semana às 2º e 4º feiras das 19h as 21h com @ 2 horas de tempo de duração. Para análise de dados foi utilizada a teste quiquadrado e cálculo estimativo do efeito da intervenção, com significância em p

Caffeic acid (CA) exhibits a myriad of biological activities including cardioprotective action, antioxidant, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. On the other hand, CA presents low water solubility and poor bioavailability, which have limited its use for therapeutic applications. The objective of this study was to develop a nanohybrid of zinc basic salts (ZBS) and chitosan (Ch) containing CA (ZBS-CA/Ch) and evaluate its anti-edematogenic and antioxidant activity in dextran and carrageenan-induced paw edema model. The samples were obtained by coprecipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-visible spectroscopy. The release of caffeate anions from ZBS-CA and ZBS-CA/Ch is pH-dependent and is explained by a pseudo-second order kinetics model, with a linear correlation coefficient of R2 ≥ 0.99 at pH 4.8 and 7.4. The in vivo pharmacological assays showed excellent anti-edematogenic and antioxidant action of the ZBS-CA/Ch nanoparticle with slowly releases of caffeate anions in the tissue, leading to a prolongation of CA-induced anti-edematogenic and anti-inflammatory activities, as well as improving its inhibition or sequestration antioxidant action toward reactive species. Overall, this study highlighted the importance of ZBS-CA/Ch as an optimal drug carrier.

The increasing sensitivity and resolution of ground-based telescopes have enabled the detection of gas-phase complex organic molecules (COMs) across a variety of environments. Many of the detected species are expected to form on the icy surface of interstellar grains and transfer later into the gas phase. Therefore, icy material is regarded as a primordial source of COMs in the ISM. Upcoming JWST observations of interstellar ices in star-forming regions will reveal IR features of frozen molecules with unprecedented resolution and sensitivity. To identify COM features in the JWST data, lab IR spectra of ices for conditions that simulate interstellar environments are needed. This work presents FTIR spectra (500-4000 cm$^{-1}$/20-2.5$\mu$m, with a resolution of 1 cm$^{-1}$) of methyl cyanide (CH$_3$CN, aka acetonitrile) mixed with H$_2$O, CO, CO$_2$, CH$_4$, and NH$_3$, at temperatures from 15-150 K. The refractive index of pure amorphous CH$_3$CN ice at 15K and the band strength, peak position, and FWHM of selected IR bands are also measured. These bands are: the CH$_3$ sym stretching at 2940.9 cm$^{-1}$, the CN stretching at 2252.2 cm$^{-1}$, a combination of modes at 1448.3 cm$^{-1}$ , the CH$_3$ antisym def. at 1410 cm$^{-1}$ , the CH$_3$ sym def. at 1374.5 cm$^{-1}$, and the CH$_3$ rock at 1041.6 cm$^{-1}$. The lab spectra of CH$_3$CN are compared to observations of ices toward W33A and three low-mass YSOs. Since an unambiguous identification of CH$_3$CN is not possible, upper limits for the CH$_3$CN column density are determined as $\leq 2.4\times 10^{17}$ molecules cm$^{-2}$ for W33A and $5.2 \times 10^{16}$, $1.9\times 10^{17}$, and $3.8\times 10^{16}$ molecules cm$^{-2}$ for EC92, IRAS 03235, and L1455 IRS3, respectively. W.r.t solid H$_2$O, these values correspond to relative abundances of 1.9, 3.1, 1.3, and 4.1\%, for W33A, EC92, IRAS 03235, and L1455 IRS3, respectively., Comment: 26 pages, 11 figures, accepted for publication in A&A

Astrophysical ices are being exposed to ionizing radiation in space environments, which trigger new reactions and desorption processes. In the lab, such processing by radiation has revealed the appearance of several new species and complements the study of the chemical evolution of icy astrophysical scenarios. Here, we develop a computational methodology that helps to clarify the chemical evolution of ices investigated experimentally under photolysis/radiolysis processes until reaching chemical equilibrium (CE). Briefly, the code (named PROCODA) solves a system of coupled differential equations and describes the evolution of the molecular abundances with the irradiation time for ices under processing by radiation. Two experimental ice samples containing pure CO2 and irradiated by two ionizing agents (cosmic rays and ultraviolet photons) were considered prototype systems. Here, we considered 11 different chemical species within the ice (four observed: CO2, CO, O3, and CO3; seven nonobserved or unknown: O, O2, C, C2, C2O, C2O2, and C2O3), 100 reaction routes (e.g., direct dissociation reactions, bimolecular and termolecular reactions) and radiation-induced desorption processes. The best-fit models provide the reaction rates, several desorption parameters, as well as the characterization of the CE phase. At CE, the percentage of nonobserved species in the UV model was almost triple the one calculated in the CR model (which also includes a lot of O and C atoms). The determined values can be employed in future astrochemical models to map chemical evolution embedded species in astrophysical regions under the presence of an ionizing radiation field.

Objetivo: Verificar a intensidade do basquete em cadeira de rodas (BCR) em pessoas com deficiência (PCD) durante 8 semanas de intervenção. Métodos: Estudo experimental longitudinal com 13 PCD foi avaliado o monitoramento da FC, freqüência cardíaca média (FCMéd) para cálculo da frequência cardíaca mínima (FCMin) e % frequência cardíaca de treinamento (% FCT) foram baseados na FCpico. Estes foram então analisados para possível correlação com o tipo, nível e tempo da lesão, bem como os valores antropométricos obtidos por bioimpedância. Resultados: Após análise estatística, nas variáveis independentes verificou-se que o percentual de gordura corporal (p 0,05) quando correlacionadas com a FCpico. Conclusões: A maioria dos participantes obteve a % FCT acima de 60% da FCpico e indicando que a intervenção auxiliou na promoção da saúde cardiovascular, além dos benefícios mencionados dos níveis de hidratação e % gordura corporal de cada indivíduo. O presente estudo pode servir de base científica para o educador físico e afins, principalmente no que diz respeito ao uso do basquete em cadeira de rodas na reabilitação ou treino de aptidão física para PCD.

Federal University of Par?. Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Biological Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Biological Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Biological Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Biological Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Biological Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Biological Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Universit? de Limoges. Centre Europ?en de la C?ramique. Laboratoire IRCER. Limoges, France Universit? de Limoges. Centre Europ?en de la C?ramique. Laboratoire IRCER. Limoges, France Universit? de Limoges. Centre Europ?en de la C?ramique. Laboratoire IRCER. Limoges, France Federal University of Par?. Institute of Biological Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal University of Par?. Institute of Exact and Natural Sciences. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Indomethacin (INDO) demonstrates therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of neuroinflammatory diseases. Despite its importance as a drug, INDO causes gastrointestinal problems and adverse reactions in the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we prepared nanoparticles of layered double hydroxide (LDH) loaded with INDO. The structure of the nanohybrid (LDH-INDO) was synthesized via a coprecipitation method, and the nanohybrid was characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis?differential scanning colorimetry (TGA?DSC), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and ultraviolet (UV)?vis spectroscopy. Moreover, the drug release profiles of the nanohybrid were investigated using kinetic models. INDO was incorporated within the LDH interlayer space with 50% intercalation. The release of INDO anions from LDH-INDO after 10?h was 90% at pH 4.8???0.02 and 51% at pH 7.4???0.02. The results show that the release profiles follow a pseudo-second-order model. In addition, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sickness behavior in animals and treatment with INDO and LDH-INDO suggest recovery of the variables (weight and food intake) used in this study. LDH-INDO did not alter hepatic and renal biomarkers. Moreover, LPS increased the number of Iba1+ cells (microgliosis) and caused morphological alterations in these cells in the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. However, the LPS effect was attenuated after treatment with INDO, both free and LDH-intercalated, in both regions of the brain.

This research has the main objective of describing how the Group Learning behaviors occurred during the implementation of the ERP system. As a consequence, three specific objectives were defined: 1. Identify the group learning behaviors of teams that participated in the implementation of an ERP system; 2. Describe how the Group Learning behaviors occurred in the context of implementing the ERP system; 3. Identify the influences of the context in the group learning of the teams that participated in the implementation of an ERP. The type of research was qualitative and the nature was the exploratory and descriptive with the case study strategy. Twelve employees participated in the survey, of which eight were members of the teams and four leaders who integrated ERP implementation teams into a public services company in the State of São Paulo. Data collection was done through semi-structured interviews, a focus group and internal documents of the Company studied. The results indicate that the teams reported all the behaviors of group learning identified in the literature and the leaders did not report the behaviors: co-construction of meaning, communication of errors, reflection on results. Leaders also did not report Exploration behavior from different perspectives in the subcategory: consulting perspective and Sharing behavior in subcategories: outside areas, consulting, between teams, between leaders and on the job. The following group learning behavior without echo in the literature: Planning need, Interaction, Communication, Systemic vision, Diversity, Involvement, Proactivity for learning and Maturity were identified. The following aspects of the context that influenced the group learning behaviors were identified: Project Infrastructure, Leadership Support, Psychological Safety and Process view. The study brings contributions to the academic community and to the business world. Esta pesquisa tem o objetivo geral de descrever como os comportamentos de Aprendizagem Grupal ocorreram durante a implementação do sistema ERP. Em consequência foram definidos três objetivos específicos: 1. Identificar os comportamentos de aprendizagem grupal das Equipes que participaram da implementação de um sistema ERP; 2. Descrever como ocorreram os comportamentos de Aprendizagem Grupal no contexto de implementação do sistema ERP; 3. Identificar as influências do contexto na aprendizagem grupal das equipes que participaram da implementação de um ERP. O tipo de pesquisa foi qualitativa e a natureza foi a exploratória e descritiva com a estratégia de estudo de caso. Participaram da pesquisa doze empregados, sendo oito membros das equipes e quatro líderes que integraram as equipes de implementação do ERP em uma empresa de serviços públicos do Estado de São Paulo. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupo focal e documentos internos da Empresa estudada. Os resultados obtidos indicam que as equipes relataram todos os comportamentos da aprendizagem grupal identificados na literatura e os líderes não relataram os comportamentos: co-construção de sentido, comunicação de erros, reflexão sobre resultados. Os líderes não relataram também o comportamento de Exploração de diferentes perspectivas na subcategoria: perspectiva da consultoria e o comportamento de Compartilhamento nas subcategorias: áreas externas, consultoria, entre equipes, entre líderes e on the job. Foram identificadas os seguintes comportamentos de aprendizagem grupal sem eco na literatura: Necessidade de planejamento, Interação, Comunicação, Visão sistêmica, Diversidade, Envolvimento, Proatividade para aprendizagem e Maturidade. Foram identificados os seguintes aspectos do contexto que influenciaram os comportamentos de aprendizagem grupal: Infraestrutura do projeto, Apoio da liderança, Segurança psicológica e Reflexão sobre os processos. O estudo traz contribuições para a comunidade acadêmica e para o mundo empresarial.

Cancer is a generic term given to a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body, whose main feature is the appearance of abnormal cells that divide without control and can invade other tissues in a process called metastasis. At present, this group of diseases that has been related as one of the most important public health problems, and considering this scenario, the breast cancer became the second most common in the world and the most frequent among women. It is important to note that this highly complex disease depends on most treatments including the combination of more than one therapy. Therefore, is relevant the study of new targets for the development of drugs that helps the treatment of these tumors. Herein, we chose protease-activated receptors (PARs) as possible therapeutic targets, since their expression is associated with a poor prognosis for several types of cancer. PAR receptors are G-protein coupled receptors that possess seven transmembrane domains. PAR1 is directly related to tumor cell growth, invasion and metastasis of various types of malignant cancers, including breast cancer. The drug Vorapaxar, used to treat thrombotic cardiovascular events, is a potent antagonist of PAR1 which binding is irreversible. After this drug was approved, several other analogues have been developed, among them SCH79797. The effects of this inhibitor on PAR1 activation pathways have not yet been described for breast cancer, so, these aspects were study in this work. Our objective was to establish an in vitro experimental model that permits to evaluate the PAR1 receptor as a therapeutic target for breast cancer. Two cell lines were used: MCF-7 expressing very low levels of PAR1 receptor and MCF-7 transfected with PAR1. It was possible to demonstrate a greater expression of the PAR1 receptor in the MCF-7 PAR1 + cell line compared to MCF-7. It was observed that the PAR1 + MCF-7 lineage tends to promote a greater activation of the ERK signaling pathway compared to the MCF-7 lineage, with a slight inhibition of ERK phosphorylation at the 60 minute incubation time with SCH 79797. Tumor cells MCF-7 PAR1 + cells showed higher proliferative capacity and an inhibition in the proliferation of this cell after incubation with SCH 79797. There was an increase in the expression of aggressiveness and invasiveness factors in MCF-7 PAR1 + cells compared to MCF-7 cells evaluated by RT- qPCR. For IL-8 factor only, there was inhibition caused by SCH 79797. A trend in the increase in IL-8 level in the supernatant of MCF-7 PAR1 + cells evaluated by liquid microarray was also observed when compared to MCF-7.

M-NbV-O compounds have attracted a lot of attention from the research community due to their merits in improving active material performance in lithium-ion batteries by enabling fast-charging due to the phenomenon of intercalation pseudocapacitance, where there are no solid-state diffusion limitations. TiNb2O7 and Ti2Nb10O29, both known as TNO, are an evolution of Li4Ti5O12 (LTO), a material known for its fast-charging capabilities and safety due to its operation above 1.0 V vs. Li/Li+. The higher operating potential prevents possible lithium deposition, resulting in the ability to fast charge without safety concerns. TNO overcomes LTO’s low energy density deficiency with a high theoretical capacity slightly larger than graphite’s (372 mAh/g), while retaining fast charge and safety benefits. Nb2O5, Nb16W5O55 and Nb18W16O93 are similar to TNO in that they exhibit high energy density and high rate capability but have the additional benefit of not requiring nanoscaling or nanostructuring for optimal performance.

CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Ibuprofeno intercalado em hidroxidos duplos lamelares (IBU-HDL) foi sintetizado com sucesso via método da co-precipitação com uma razão nominal de [Al3+]/[Mg2+] 0,5 e uma relação molar variável de IBU/([Al3+] + [Mg2+]) de 0, 0,15, 0,18, 0,24, 0,36 e 0,72. Após uma determinação precisa da composição, natureza das espécies intercaladas e do efetivo rendimento de intercalação dos NO3 – pelos IBU, verificou-se que a rota de síntese utilizada permite um bom controle da quantidade de IBU intercalado dentro da estrutura do HDL. Isto resulta em diferentes amostras com a completa ou parcial intercalação do IBU no espaço interlamelar na troca dos ânions nitrato. A análise das reflexões basais de difração de raios X revelam que a intercalação do IBU na estrutura apenas aumenta as distâncias basais sem alteração das lamelas do tipo brucita. Além disso, um estudo computacional utilizado para modelar as posições e formas das reflexões basais mostrou que a estrutura dos compostos não totalmente intercalado segue um esquema de interstratificação aleatória. Finalmente, foram selecionadas três amostras que variam desde galerias ligeiramente a totlamente intercaladas com IBU para ensaios in vivo preliminares. Estes testes mostraram uma forte tendência que após 24 horas, o baixo rendimento de compostos intercalados com IBU é quase tão eficiente como a amostra completamente intercalada. Ibuprofen-intercalated layered double hydroxides (LDH-IBU) have been successfully synthesized via a co-precipitation method with a nominal [Al3+]/[Mg2+] ratio of 0.5 and a variable molar IBU/([Al3+]+[Mg2+]) ratio of 0, 0.15, 0.18, 0.24, 0.36 and 0.72. After an accurate determination of the composition, the nature of the intercalated species and the effective intercalation yield from NO3 - to IBU, it is shown that the synthesis route used allows a good control of the quantity of intercalated IBU within the LDH framework. This results in different samples with full or partial IBU intercalation in the interlayer space in exchange of nitrate anions. The analysis of the X-ray diffraction basal reflections reveals that the intercalation of IBU in the framework only increases the basal distances with no alteration of the brucite-type layers. Also, a computational study used to model the positions and shapes of the basal reflections showed that the structure of the non-fully intercalated compounds follows a random interstratification scheme. Finally three samples ranging from slightly to fully IBU-intercalated galleries were selected for preliminary in vivo assays. These tests showed a strong tendency that after 24 hours the low yield of IBUintercalated compounds are almost as efficient as the fully intercalated sample.

The GlcNAcstatin is a potent inhibitor of O-glycoprotein 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranosidase, which has been related with type II diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders. Herein, hybrid quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics, molecular dynamics simulations, and potential of mean force were employed to study the interactions established between GlcNAcstatin and a bacterial O-GlcNAcase enzyme from Clostridium perfringens. The results reveal that the imidazole nitrogen atom of GlcNAcstatin has shown a better interaction with the active site of Clostridium perfringens in its protonated form, which is compatible with a substrate-assisted reaction mechanism involving two conserved aspartate residues (297 and 298). Furthermore, the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics-molecular dynamics simulations appointed a strong interaction between Asp401, Asp298, and Asp297 residues and the GlcNAcstatin inhibitor, which is in accordance with experimental data. Lastly, these results may contribute to understand the molecular mechanism of inhibition of Clostridium perfringens by GlcNAcstatin inhibitor and, consequently, this study might be useful to design new molecules with more interesting inhibitory activity.

The substitution of serine and threonine residues in nucleocytoplasmic proteins with 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranose (O-GlcNAc) residues is an essential post-translational modification found in many multicellular eukaryotes. O-glycoprotein 2-acetamino-2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosidase (O-GlcNAcase) hydrolyzes O-GlcNAc residues from post-translationally modified serine/threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic protein. O-GlcNAc has been implicated in several disease states such as cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and type II diabetes. For this paper, a model of the human O-GlcNAcase (hOGA) enzyme based on the X-ray structures of bacterial Clostridium perfringens (CpNagJ) and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicrometer (BtOGA) homologues has been generated through molecular homology modeling. In addition, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) were employed to determine the bind for derivatives of two potent inhibitors: O-(2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucopyranosylidene)amino-N-phenylcarbamate (PUGNAc) and 1,2-dideoxy-2′-methyl-R-d-glucopyranoso-[2,1-d]-Δ2′-thiazoline (NAG-thiazoline), with hOGA. The results show that the binding free energy calculations using the Linear Interaction Energy (LIE) are correlated with inhibition constant values. Therefore, the model of the human O-GlcNAcase (hOGA) obtained here may be used as a target for rational design of new inhibitors.

Dopamine quinone is substrate of the NRH: Quinone Reductase enzyme (QR2) in the retina. The capability of accumulates endogenous dopamine in a neural tissue explains the association of certain neuropsychiatric diseases with polymorphisms in the QR2 promoter that causes overexpression via loss of the capability to bind repressors. However, QR2 doubly reduce other small compounds present in neural and non-neural tissues, being its physiology tissue dependent. In this context, the function of the neurohormone melatonin and analogues in the active site of this multifunctional enzyme is discussed in this mini review.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the second leading cause of human mortality from infectious diseases worldwide. The WHO reported 1.3 million deaths and 8.6 million new cases of TB in 2012. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), the infectious bacteria that causes TB, is encapsulated by a thick and robust cell wall. The innermost segment of the cell wall is comprised of peptidoglycan, a layer that is required for survival and growth of the pathogen. Enzymes that catalyse biosynthesis of the peptidoglycan are essential and are therefore attractive targets for discovery of novel antibiotics as humans lack similar enzymes making it possible to selectively target bacteria only. In this paper, we have reviewed the structures and functions of enzymes GlmS, GlmM, GlmU, MurA, MurB, MurC, MurD, MurE and MurF from M. tuberculosis that are involved in peptidoglycan biosynthesis. In addition, we report homology modelled 3D structures of those key enzymes from M. tuberculosis of which the structures are still unknown. We demonstrated that natural substrates can be successfully docked into the active sites of the GlmS and GlmU respectively. It is therefore expected that the models and the data provided herein will facilitate translational research to develop new drugs to treat TB.

NRH:quinone reductase (QR2) is present in the retinas of embryonic and post-hatched (PH) chicks. 5-Methoxycarbonylamino-N-acetyltryptamine (5-MCA-NAT) is a QR2 ligand that increases cAMP levels in developing retinas, but it does not affect cAMP levels in CHO-QR2 cells. The dopamine quinone reductase activity of QR2 retrieves dopamine, which increases cAMP levels in developing retinas. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether 5-MCA-NAT increases endogenous dopamine levels in retinas from chick embryos and post-hatched chicks. Endogenous dopamine was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 5-MCA-NAT increased retinal endogenous dopamine levels at all developmental stages studied and in PH chicks (-logEC50=11.62±0.34 M). This effect was inhibited by non-selective antagonists of receptors and melatonin binding sites N-acetyl-2-benzyltryptamine (luzindole, 5 μM), but it was not inhibited by the Mel1b melatonin receptor antagonist 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (4-P-PDOT, 10 nM). The QR2 cosubstrate, N-methyl-dihydronicotinamide (NMH) (-logEC50=6.74±0.26 M), increased endogenous dopamine levels in controls and in retinas stimulated with 5-MCA-NAT (3 nM). The QR2 inhibitor benzo[e]pyrene inhibited endogenous dopamine levels in both control (-logIC50=7.4±0.28 M) and NMH-stimulated (at 100 nM and 1 μM benzo[e]pyrene concentrations) retinas. Theoretical studies using Molegro Virtual Docking software corroborated these experimental results. We conclude that 5-MCA-NAT increases the level of endogenous dopamine via QR2. We suggest that this enzyme triggers double reduction of the dopamine quinone, recovering dopamine in retinal development.

A nuvem escura DC291.1-1.7 está localizada no plano galáctico com as seguintes coordenadas (2000) = 11 ʰ 07ᵐ 07.5 ˢ e δ (2000) = - 62°05′51″. Trata-se de uma nuvem com uma estrutura alongada, tendo o centro como região mais densa. Aplicamos um modelo simplificado para estudar o comportamento da transferência radiativa na nuvem. O resultado nos forneceu o tamanho médio das seções de choque de absorção e espalhamento dos grãos de poeira, a densidade central da nuvem e as amplitudes de emissão em unidades da função fonte para os quatro comprimentos de onda da IRAC. Com os resultados de fotometria nas bandas IRAC, fizemos uma busca por objetos estelares jovens, mas o resultado mostrou uma nuvem sem estrelas jovens associadas. Em seguida aplicamos o método de distribuição espectral de energia para determinar a extinção na direção da nuvem. Em seguida aplicamos o método NICE, que apresentou um resultado semelhante de AV ≈ 9 mag. A estimativa da distância através do aumento subido de extinção, revelou para ambos os métodos de cálculo de extinção a distância de D ≈ (...) pc. Ainda através da extinção, encontramos evidências de grãos de poeira grandes dado o valor de e RH = 1,4. A temperatura média dos grãos ficou abaixo de T = 12 K para a região central da nuvem. Com os estudos polarimétricos encontramos um tamanho médio para os grãos na nuvem de a ≈ 0,2 μm. A massa da nuvem foi estimada em 5,45M⊙ e a densidade em 1,8X10¹¹ m⁻³. Através das transições rotacionais das moléculas presentes na nuvem, estimamos uma temperatura cinética média de TK = 11 K. Como o modelo de esferas isotérmicas de Bonnor-Ebert estimamos uma temperatura de T = 24,2 K. Com relação a estabilidade, a nuvem apresenta-se estável, não favorecendo o colapso, dados os resultados que encontramos para a massa de Jeans MJ = 3 M⊙, massa magnética MB = 6 M⊙ e turbulência presentes nela. Do estudo de polarização encontramos que os vetores polarização estão alinhados com o eixo alongado da nuvem, logo o campo magnético tem a mesma orientação. Isso mostra sua importância em se opor ao colapso gravitacional, visto que ele está mantendo estável a estrutura da nuvem. A densidade local e o tamanho dos grãos podem indicar formação de mantos de gelo sobre a poeira.