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Electrocatalytic water splitting is one of the key technologies for future energy systems envisioned for the storage of energy obtained from variable renewables and green fuels.

One of the major objectives of using the improved Hummers' method was to exfoliate the graphene layers by oxidizing and thereafter reducing them to obtain highly conductive reduced graphene layers, which can be used in the construction of electronic devices or as a part of catalyst composites in energy conversion reactions. Herein, we have employed a similar idea to exfoliate the layered double hydroxide (LDH), which is proposed as a promising material for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysis. Usually, the efficiency of these materials is largely restricted due to their sheetlike morphology, which is susceptible to stacking. In this work, NiFe-LDH sheets were fabricated on nickel foam in a one-step co-precipitation technique and their ultrathin nanosheets (∼2 nm) are obtained by in situ oxygen-plasma-controlled exfoliation. In addition, the oxygen vacancies in exfoliated sheets were generated by a chemical reduction method that further improved the electronic conductivity and overall electrocatalytic performance of the catalyst. This approach can address the limitations of NiFe-LDH, such as poor conductivity and low stability, making it more efficient for electrocatalysis. It is also observed that the catalyst having 60 s O-plasma exposure after chemical reduction, i.e., NiFe-OOHOV, outperformed remaining electrocatalysts and exhibited superior OER activity with a low overpotential of 330 mV to achieve a high current density of 50 mA cm-2. The catalyst also displayed an ECSA-normalized OER overpotential of 288 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 and exhibited excellent long-term stability (120 h) in an alkaline electrolyte. Remarkably, ultrathin defect-rich catalyst continuously produced O2, resulting in a high faradaic efficiency of 98.1% for the OER.

Research Purpose/Scope: A dichotomy flows between the traditional Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs henceforth) cluster and newly established cluster in the context of their emergence, evolution and growth. Now, following the path of big industries, MSME have linked itself with the economies of scale, entrepreneurship, venture capital and knowledge management Here, Kanpur Nagar District has been taken as resource region where the research reflected that this region has the potentiality to become the driver of cluster based economic growth. The research paper dealt with the economic fundamentals of region, comparative advantages of innovation and market technology factors which are responsible for the growth and sustainability of the MSME cluster in Kanpur Nagar District. Materials and Methods: The empirical study of selected MSME’s which have mutual competitiveness & repulsion has been done. The tabular data has interpreted the composition, size, situation and association of MSME’s in the region. The linear diagrams has reflected the dooming share of MSME’s specially the leather and bristle-based clusters. A need and opportunity-based model will set a functional approach for the complementarity of the market (vertically and horizontally) and capacity building of firms. Findings of the Research Paper: A declining trend has been witnessed in the MSME’s because of sick firms and factories, unavailability of skilled workers and trainers, low capital assets of firms and inefficient companies. Clustering can create an effective supply chain for the viability of the market economy. It can improve the condition of firms and pool the money for the required infrastructure and investment for further upgradation. Therefore, it becomes imperative to go for clusterization based directive policies because there is a huge scope for profit sharing between government and local artisans. Establishment of Kanpur Nagar as a MSMEs cluster hotbed, will be a new challenge with major risks and responsibilities.

Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) being critically important in energy converting systems, the advancement of a catalyst that accelerates the process is of paramount importance. Here, an ORR electroc...

Background: Physical inspection is a simple way to diagnose oral cancer. Most cases of oral cancer, on the contrary, are diagnosed late, resulting in needless mortality and morbidity. While highrisk screening populations appears to be helpful, these people are often found in areas with minimal access to health care. In this paper, we have reviewed several aspects related to oral cancer, such as its cause, the risk factors associated with it, India's oral cancer situation at the moment, various screening methods, and the ability of artificial intelligence in the detection and classification purpose. Oral cancer results can be enhanced by combining imaging and artificial intelligence approaches for better detection and diagnosis. Objective: This paper aims to cover the various oral cancer screening detection techniques that use Artificial Intelligence (AI). Methods: In this paper, we have covered the imaging methods that are used in screening oral cancer and, after that, the potential of AI for the detection of oral cancer. Conclusion: This paper covers some of the main concepts regarding oral cancer and various AI methods used to detect it.

Natural fibrils derived from biomass were used as a template to synthesize uniformly decorated nanoparticles (10–12 nm) of molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) and molybdenum nitride (Mo2N) supported on carbon. The nanoparticles have been synthesized through the carburization and nitridation of molybdenum on cotton fibrils, using a high-temperature solid-state reaction. The catalyst exhibits an onset potential of 110 mV and an overpotential of 167 mV to derive a cathodic current density of 10 mA cm–2. The electrocatalyst also demonstrates excellent long-term durability of more than 2500 cycles in acidic media with a Tafel slope value of 62 mV dec–1.

One-step hydrothermal growth of FePO4 nanoparticles (15–25 nm) uniformly decorated on the P-doped reduced graphene oxide (PRGO) was studied for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The role of lattice water in the enhancement of catalytic activity in the hydrated FePO4·2H2O with respect to its dehydrated form in the alkaline medium was contested. The hydrodynamic LSV at 1600 rpm in alkaline medium (0.1 M KOH electrolyte) indicates an increase in the cathodic current density of the PRGO supported FePO4·2H2O catalyst, which reaches as high as 5.8 mA cm−2, close to the best known commercially available Pt/C catalyst. The stability in terms of retention of activity after 22 000 s with the hydrated form was found to be 90.7% which is 26.7% higher than that of the dehydrated form.

Background: Breast cancer represents uncontrolled breast cell growth. Breast cancer is the most diagnosed cancer in women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer improves the chances of survival and increases treatment options. There are various methods for screening breast cancer, such as mammogram, ultrasound, computed tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). MRI is gaining prominence as an alternative screening tool for early detection and breast cancer diagnosis. Nevertheless, MRI can hardly be examined without the use of a Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) framework, due to the vast amount of data. Objective: This paper aims to cover the approaches used in the CAD system for the detection of breast cancer. Methods: In this paper, the methods used in CAD systems are categories into two classes: the conventional approach and artificial intelligence (AI) approach. Results: The conventional approach covers the basic steps of image processing, such as preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction and classification. The AI approach covers the various convolutional and deep learning networks used for diagnosis. Conclusion: This review discusses some of the core concepts used in breast cancer and presents a comprehensive review of efforts in the past to address this problem.

This paper presents a technique to eliminate circulating and leakage power flow between source ports of Triple Active Bridge (TAB) isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter. When two different dc sources are used to supply load power simultaneously in TAB topology, interconnecting winding of transformer provides a leakage inductance path for the flow of circulating and leakage current. It happens due to unmatched voltage magnitude and phase difference of ac voltages impressed across winding. The ac voltages are produced by full bridge of corresponding dc source ports. This circulating and leakage current results in increased conduction and copper losses in switches and transformer respectively. High value of this circulating and leakage current can even damage the transformer core as well as Windings. Therefore, a blocking capacitor is employed to create infinite impedance between source ports and thus it open circuit current path to block circulating and leakage power. With proposed technique, the different source ports of TAB can operate with Wider range of phase delays and voltage magnitudes with negligible circulating and leakage power. Simulation results employing this technique has been shown which verify the theoretical concept. MATLAB/Simulink platform has been used for simulation.

A simple yet effective methodology to obtain high-quality reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using a tetrahydrofuran suspension of GO under hydrogen at moderate pressure has been demonstrated. The extent of reduction as a function of the pressure of hydrogen gas, temperature, and time was studied, where the abstraction of oxygen is achievable with least mutilation of C-sp2 bonds, hence upholding the integrity of the graphene sheet. Herein, the formation of a short-lived species is proposed, which is possibly responsible for such reduction. A detailed theoretical calculation along with in situ UV–visible experiments reveals the existence of a transient solvated electron species in the reaction medium. The hydrogen RGO (HRGO) achieved a C/O atomic ratio of 11.3. The conductivity measurements show that HRGO reached as high as 934 S/m, which indicates a high quality of RGO. The process is hassle-free, environmentally benign, and can be scaled up effortlessly without compromising the quality of the material.

The present study is an attempt to gain insight of the geodynamic implications on the evolution of Quaternary landforms in the Yangui River basin in the Indo-Myanmar Range (IMR), taking a multi-disciplinary approach. Originating at an elevation of ~2568 m asl, the Yangui River flows almost parallel to the regional strike of the IMR and drains into the Imphal valley at Yaripok and exhibits varied valley floor morphology. The valley floors are narrowest in the transverse valley sections. The fluvial landforms are represented by fill terraces, strath terraces and paleochannels. The chronologically constrained ages from fluvial stratigraphy suggests that the oldest phase of aggradation in the area began much before 8 ka. A total of 1164 lineaments were mapped, most trending NE-SW, which is slightly oblique to the regional strike of the IMR. East of the study area, the most prominent lineaments are those trending NE-SW. Lineament analysis suggests that the NNE-SSW trending lineaments are the first generation; followed by the ENE-SWS, while the youngest are the NW-SE trending lineaments. Quaternary landforms related to tectonic activity are observed in the Ringui area, where the morphology suggests transpressional tectonics. Cross-cutting relationships amongst faults suggest multiple phases of tectonic activity; linear valleys are observed along the fault planes. The cross conjugate faults and NW-SW lineaments of the area confirm tectonic activity in the area, which corroborates well with the seismogenic potential and oblique geometry of the Churachandpur-Mao Fault (CMF). Morphometric data also suggest ongoing tectonic activity in the area.

A nanohybrid material containing carbon-supported molybdenum carbide and nitride nanoparticles of size ranging from 8 to 12 nm exhibits excellent HER catalytic activity. This molybdenum based catalyst (MoCat) is designed as a highly efficient, low-cost (precious-metal-free), highly stable electrocatalyst for water electrolysis in acidic media, and synthesized using a simple methodology. These nanoparticles (β-Mo2C and γ-Mo2N) were produced in situ using a metal precursor and C/N source via a controlled solid state reaction. An overpotential of 96 mV for driving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 was measured for the MoCat catalyst, which is very close to that of commercially available Pt/C catalysts (61 mV).

One-step hydrothermal growth of FePO

The genus Rhizobium contains many species able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on plants of the legume family. Here, we report the 6.9-Mbp draft genome sequence of Rhizobium sp. strain RSm-3, with a G+C content of 61.4% and 6,511 candidate protein-coding genes.

The genus Rhizobium contains many species able to form nitrogen-fixing nodules on plants of the legume family. Here, we report the 6.9-Mbp draft genome sequence of Rhizobium sp. strain RSm-3, with a G+C content of 61.4% and 6,511 candidate protein-coding genes.

Aim: Preparation of daily traditional drink by the indigenous tribes is a common phenomenon in India. Oraon tribes in Malda district of West Bengal, India are very much practiced in making of their own native brew, known as chullu. Therefore the aim of the present study was to explore the whole chullu procedure technology of the region and its socioeconomic effect on Oraon. Ethnomedicinal investigation of local plants involved in chullu preparation was another aspect of this study. Materials and Methods: Present study was conducted from April 2012 to June 2013. Consecutive field surveys were performed to collect information from chullu producers to focus the procedure technology of local brew by means of semi-structured individual interviews, informal interviews and group discussion. A semi-structured questionnaire process was also performed to obtain the information regarding the ethnic use of plant species involved in chullu preparation. Results: Present study revealed that four medicinal plant species along with rice having strong local ethnomedicinal value were used to prepare this indigenous drink. Oraon prepare the brew using their unique home-made distillation process. Commercialization of this local brew represents an alternative income to develop their economic condition, especially for poor households. The Index of Importance Value (IVs) was considered to evaluate the importance, usage, and knowledge of the five studied species. Conclusion: It could be concluded that practices of chullu preparation represent a bonding between ethnic knowledge and Oraon people of the province. Commercialization of chullu may be considered as a source of alternative way of income for poor households in the region. [J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 2015; 4(1.000): 34-39]