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Introduction and Objectives: Subjects without cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) may suffer from subclinical atherosclerosis, and are at increased risk for atherosclerotic CV events (ASCVE). The ESC/EAS risk SCORE was updated by SCORE2, which estimates 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD in European populations aged 40–69 years without established CVD or diabetes. Our aim was to compare the two ESC/EAS risk scores and to validate SCORE2 in our population. Methods: A total of 1071 individuals (age 57.2±6.1 years; 75.2% male) without CVD or diabetes, from GENEMACOR study controls, were analyzed over 5.4±3.9 years. The population was stratified into risk categories according to the two scores, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and Harrell's C-index assessed the scores’ performance. Calibration was performed using the goodness-of-fit test, and occurrence of the first event assessed by Cox regression. Kaplan–Meier analysis estimated SCORE2 survival. Results: SCORE stratified subjects into four risk categories: low (7.4%), moderate (46.5%), high (25.3%) and very high (20.8%), and SCORE2 into three: low-to-moderate (24.7%), high (59.0%) and very high (16.2%). SCORE presented good discrimination for CV mortality (AUC=0.838; C-index=0.834, 95% CI: 0.728–0.940), as did SCORE2 for total CV events (AUC=0.744; C-index=0.728, 95% CI: 0.648–0.808). Calibration did not show a disparity between observed and expected ASCVE. The probability of ASCVE was eight times higher in very-high-risk SCORE2 (p=0.001), and three times in the high-risk group (p=0.049). Event-free survival was 99%, 90% and 72% in the low-to-moderate, high and very-high-risk categories, respectively (p

Introduction and objectives: The association between exercise and coronary atherosclerosis still remains unclarified. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of high coronary atherosclerotic burden in veteran athletes, considering cardiovascular (CV) risk and volume of exercise. Methods: A total of 105 asymptomatic male veteran athletes (48±5.6 years old) were studied. A high coronary atherosclerotic burden was defined as one of the following characteristics in coronary computed tomography angiography: calcium score >100, >75th percentile, obstructive plaques, involving left main, three-vessels or two-vessels including proximal anterior descending artery, segment involvement score >5 or CT-adapted Leaman score ≥5. CV risk was stratified by SCORE2 and volume of exercise by metabolic equivalent task score. Results: Most athletes (n=88) were engaged in endurance sports for 17.1±9.8 years, with a median exercise volume of 66 [IQR 44–103] metabolic equivalent of tasks/hour/week. The mean Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 was 2.8±1.5%; 76.9% of athletes had a low-moderate risk and none a very high risk. High coronary atherosclerotic burden was present in 25.7% athletes. Athletes with high cardiovascular risk and high exercise volume (above the median) showed significantly high coronary atherosclerotic burden compared to those with low-moderate risk and high volume (50.0% vs. 15.6%; p=0.017). Among athletes with low to moderate risk, a high volume of exercise tended to be protective, while in those with low volume, there was similar rate of high coronary atherosclerotic burden, regardless of CV risk. Conclusions: A combination of higher volume of exercise and high cardiovascular risk revealed the worst association with coronary atherosclerosis in veteran athletes. The relationship between these variables is controversial, but integrating exercise characteristics and risk assessment into preparticipation evaluation is essential. Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: A associação entre exercício e aterosclerose coronária permanece pouco esclarecida. O nosso objetivo foi analisar a prevalência de alta carga aterosclerótica coronária (CASC) em atletas veteranos, integrando o risco cardiovascular (RCV) e volume de exercício. Métodos: Avaliámos 105 atletas veteranos, homens assintomáticos (48±5,6 anos). Alta CASC foi definida como uma das: score de cálcio >100, >percentil 75, placas obstrutivas, envolvimento do tronco da artéria coronária esquerda, doença de 3 vasos ou 2 vasos incluindo artéria descendente anterior proximal, Segment Involvement Score >5 ou Score Leaman adaptado por CT ≥5. Estratificámos o RCV pelo SCORE2 e o volume de exercício por equivalentes metabólicos (METs). Resultados: A maioria dos atletas (n=88) praticava desportos de resistência, durante 17,1±9,8 anos, com um volume de exercício mediano de 66 [IQR 44-103] METs/hora/semana. O SCORE2 médio foi 2,8±1,5% e 76,9% dos atletas tinham RCV baixo-moderado e nenhum RCV muito-alto. Alta CASC ocorreu em 25,7%. Atletas com alto RCV e alto volume de exercício (acima da mediana) apresentaram CASC significativamente alta em comparação com os com RCV baixo-moderado e alto volume (50,0% versus 15,6%; p=0,017). Nos atletas com RCV baixo-moderado, o alto volume de exercício mostrou uma tendência protetora, enquanto houve uma taxa semelhante de alta CASC naqueles com baixo volume, independentemente do RCV. Conclusões: Em atletas veteranos, a combinação de maior volume de exercício com alto RCV mostrou a pior associação com aterosclerose coronária. A relação entre estas variáveis é controversa, mas integrar características do exercício e o RCV na avaliação pré-participação é essencial.

Introdução: As Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) lideram o número de óbitos entre homens e mulheres. Contudo, em mulheres os prognósticos são piores, sugerindo haver fisiopatologia diferente para doenças e risco cardiovascular entre os sexos, ainda assim, mulheres são subdiagnosticadas e sub representadas em estudos sobre DCV. Objetivo: Avaliar o risco cardiovascular em mulheres em idade adulta em uma cidade da Zona da Mata de Pernambuco. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado com mulheres adultas no qual foram investigadas variáveis socioeconômicas, antropométricas e de predição do risco cardiovascular. As mulheres foram subdivididas em grupos: eutrofia, com sobrepeso e obesidade conforme o índice de massa corporal. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre abril e dezembro de 2022. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas, pelo programa SPSS, sendo realizados os testes: Anova one-way, Kruskal - Wallis e correlação de Pearson, para dados paramétricos, não paramétricos e correlação, respectivamente. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 54 mulheres das quais 25,9% foram classificadas como eutróficas, 31,5% com sobrepeso e 42,6% com obesidade. O perfil socioeconômico foi semelhante entre os grupos, contudo, o grupo com obesidade apresentou índices elevados de: pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica; percentual de gordura corporal e maior risco cardiovascular. Também foram encontradas correlações entre o aumento da RCQ e o Escore de Framingham. Conclusões: Nossos achados descrevem correlações entre excesso de peso e presença de fatores de risco cardiovasculares modificáveis, podendo inferir que a redução do peso corporal contribua para a diminuição das doenças cardiovasculares.

Introduction: Cardiovascular Diseases are the main cause of death in men and women. However, in females the prognostics are worse, which may suggest there is a different physiopathology for cardiovascular risk and diseases for males and females, despite this, women are underdiagnosed and underrepresented in studies on this matter. Objectives: To evaluate the cardiovascular risk in adult women residing at a city of Pernambuco's Zona da Mata. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study, in which were done socioeconomic, anthropometric evaluations, as well as cardiovascular risk prediction in women, which were grouped as: eutrophic, overweight obese, accordingly with the BMI. Data occurred between April and December 2022. Statistical analyzes were performed using the SPSS program, executing tests: Anova one-way, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson's Chi-squared test, to obtain parametric data, non-parametric data and correlation, respectively. Results: 54 women were evaluated, of which 25,9% were classified as eutrophic (control group), 31,5% overweight and 42,6% obese. Socioeconomic classification was similar among all the groups, however the obese group presented higher levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure; body fat percentage; and higher cardiovascular risk. Correlations between the rise of waist-hip ratio and Framingham's score were found. Conclusion: Our findings describe correlations between weight excess and the presence of modifiable cardiovascular risk factors, being able to infer that weight reduction may contribute to a decrease of cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease influenced by genetic factors and environmental triggers such as geographic location, smoking, microorganisms, xenobiotics. This study aims to elucidate the risk factors associated with PBC and its impact on cardiovascular risk. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including original research, prospective and retrospective cohort studies, case-control studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses, utilizing relevant keywords. Evidence suggests a correlation between PBC related alterations in the lipid profile, increased oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction; however, studies attempting to determine the effect of hypercholesterolemia on the increase in Cardio Vascular Risk (CVR) in patients with PBC have yield contradictory results. Hepatic steatosis is associated with an elevated risk of Cardiovascular Disease (CV D) and is common in chronic liver diseases such as chronic hepatitis B and C, as well as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. PBC can manifest extrahepatically, with pulmonary conditions such as interstitial lung disease and pulmonary hypertension being among the most prevalent. This article explores the relationship between PBC and its primary risk factors, as well as the development of both hepatic and extrahepatic conditions contributing cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the frequency of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren under ten years old. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with schoolchildren (n=639) aged five to ten years in a municipally of southern of Brazil. The cardiometabolic risk was calculated from values of body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), diastolic (DBP) and systolic blood pressure (SBP), blood glucose levels, triglycerides and total cholesterol (TC). Odds ratio (OR), Spearman correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) were analyzed. Results: Independent of sex, elevated WC and BMI were related to higher values of SBP, DBP, and TC in schoolchildren. The frequency of cardiometabolic risk was 6.0% in girls and 9.9% in boys. Schoolchildren with elevated values of SBP, triglycerides and TC presented high OR for cardiometabolic risk. PCA indicated that schoolchildren with high WC (p>80) presented more frequently altered glucose levels, triglycerides, and TC. Conclusions: Obesity, especially when associated with elevated WC, is related to metabolic dysfunctions and cardiometabolic risk in schoolchildren under ten years of age. These findings indicate the urgency of stablishing metabolic risk for this age group, enabling early diagnosis and adequate treatment, to prevent the development of diabetes and cardiovascular dysfunction throughout life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives: Portugal is a country with a high prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease (CVD). The prevalence of CVD and cardiovascular (CV) risk factors among T2D patients followed in hospitals in Portugal is not known. The primary objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of CVD and CV risk factors among T2D patients in a hospital setting in Portugal. The clinical management of CVD in the hospital setting was also assessed. Methods: We performed a non-interventional, multicenter, cross-sectional study with a retrospective phase. T2D patients were consecutively invited to participate. Data were collected retrospectively. Results: A total of 715 patients were included in the study. Mean age and diabetes duration were 66.6 and 17.4 years, respectively. Of these, 286 patients (40.0%) had been diagnosed with CVD, mostly ischemic heart disease (50.4%). All patients had at least one CV risk factor. CVD was significantly associated with hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and smoking. During the three years prior to study inclusion, the incidence of hyperglycemic episodes and T2D complications increased among patients with established CVD, but the numbers of hospitalization episodes and specialist appointments remained stable. An improvement was observed in key cardiometabolic risk factors. Conclusions: Our study revealed a high prevalence of CVD and CV risk factors among a sample of T2D patients in a hospital setting. Patients with established CVD seem to be adequately managed but further efforts are needed at the prevention stage for better control of risk factors and morbidity. Resumo: Introdução e objetivos: Portugal é um país com elevada prevalência de diabetes tipo 2 (DT2) e doenças cardiovasculares (DCV). A prevalência das DCV e dos fatores de risco cardiovascular (CV) em doentes com DT2 seguidos nos hospitais em Portugal não é conhecida. O principal objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a prevalência das DCV e dos fatores de risco CV em doentes com DT2 seguidos em ambiente hospitalar em Portugal. A gestão clínica das DCV no ambiente hospitalar também foi avaliada Métodos: PICT2RE foi um estudo não intervencional, multicêntrico e transversal com uma fase retrospetiva. Os doentes com DT2 foram consecutivamente convidados a participar. Os dados foram recolhidos retrospetivamente. Resultados: Foram incluídos no estudo 715 doentes: a idade média e a duração do diabetes foram de 66,6 e 17,4 anos, respetivamente. Tinham diagnóstico de DCV, principalmente cardiopatia isquémica (50,4%), 286 doentes (40,0%). Todos os doentes tinham pelo menos um fator de risco CV. A DCV estava significativamente associada com hipertensão, hipercolesterolemia, baixos níveis de colesterol de lipoproteína de alta densidade, hipertrigliceridemia e hábitos tabágicos. Durante os três anos anteriores à inclusão no estudo, a incidência de episódios hiperglicémicos e complicações associadas à DT2 aumentou nos doentes com DCV estabelecida, mas o número de episódios de hospitalização e consultas especializadas permaneceu estável. Observou-se uma melhoria nos principais fatores de risco cardiometabólico. Conclusões: O estudo PICT2RE revelou uma alta prevalência de DCV e fatores de risco CV numa amostra de doentes com DT2 seguidos em ambiente hospitalar. Os doentes com DCV estabelecida parecem ser tratados de forma adequada, mas são necessários esforços adicionais ao nível da prevenção para um melhor controle dos fatores de risco e morbilidade.

Introdução: A obesidade pode ser considerada como um fator limitador do desempenho profissional, com destaque para a carreira militar, a qual tem na higidez e na manutenção da aptidão física requisitos essenciais para o desempenho em suas tarefas. Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência de risco elevado de doença coronariana (REDC), estimada por pontos de corte específicos a partir dos indicadores antropométricos: Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), Índice de Conicidade (Índice C), circunferência de cintura (CC), Índice Indicativo da Gordura Corporal (IGC) e razão cintura-estatura (RCEst) em militares do Exército Brasileiro (EB). Métodos: Estudo transversal, com amostra aleatória populacional, composta por 49.414 militares do sexo masculino, categorizados por faixa etária. A prevalência de REDC foi estimada por cada indicador antropométrico. As diferenças entre as médias foram examinadas pela análise de variância de Kruskal-Wallis (H) com análise post hoc do teste de Mann-Whitney (U). Para todas as análises o nível de confiança adotado foi de 95%. Resultados: Houve prevalência elevada de REDC segundo todos os indicadores antropométricos examinados, em todas as faixas etárias, exceto na de até 20 anos de idade, sendo que se observou aumento na prevalência conforme aumentava a faixa etária, sendo que todas as faixas acima de 30 anos exibiam prevalência igual ou superior a 50%. Conclusão: A prevalência elevada na população de estudo indica que há necessidade de intervenção em saúde no âmbito do EB incentivar mudanças em hábitos saudáveis como nutrição e nível de atividade física promovendo a saúde e a medicina preventiva. Os resultados foram discutidos.

To determine the cardiovascular risk using the Framingham Risk Score in hypertensive and/or diabetic individuals followed-up in a health unit. Cross-sectional study with 141 individuals evaluating sociodemographic, economic, clinical, nutritional, and laboratory data, and application of the Framingham Risk Score. Mean age was 58.5 ±10.5 years; 67.4% were women; the prevalence of hypertension was 79.4%; diabetes mellitus, 46.8%; and both comorbidities, 26.2%. The analysis pointed out difference by sex: women had higher body mass index (p=0.002), total cholesterol (p=0.047), and high-density lipoprotein (p<0.001). Cardiovascular risk was: 27%, low risk; 35.4%, moderate risk; and 37.6%, high risk. There was a higher predominance of high cardiovascular risk in men (56.5%). In the stratification of cardiovascular risk, the factors related to high risk were older age (p<0.001), higher values of total cholesterol (p=0.002) and systolic blood pressure (p=0.001), higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (p=0.041), and lower values of high-density lipoprotein (p=0.016). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Metabolic syndrome is a set of metabolic disorders that are considered cardiovascular risk factors. It is estimated that individuals with metabolic syndrome are three times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease. Inadequate vitamin D status has shown multiple pathophysiological mechanisms that suggest an involvement in the development of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To evaluate the association between vitamin D status and the risk of cardiovascular disease in individuals with metabolic syndrome. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with 161 adult individuals diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, and biochemical analyzes were performed, including serum 25(OH)D status. The established criterion for classifying 25(OH)D status was deficient < 20 ng/mL; insufficient = 29 ng/mL and sufficient = 30 ng/mL. Furthermore, the absolute risk of developing cardiovascular disease was assessed using the Framingham Risk Score. Results: The mean 25(OH)D concentration was 29.7 (21-34) ng/mL, indicating insufficient 25(OH)D status in the population. There was no association between vitamin D status and cardiovascular risk in subjects with metabolic syndrome (p > 0.05). Conclusion: There was no association between inadequate 25(OH)D status and increased cardiovascular risk in individuals with metabolic syndrome. However, these results reinforce the importance of clinical monitoring to prevent the impacts of hypovitaminosis D in individuals with metabolic syndrome and the development of new studies to assess the relationship between 25(OH)D status and cardiovascular risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Fundamento Alguns estudos demonstraram uma maior prevalência de óbitos em portadores de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRC) durante internação por COVID-19. Objetivos Avaliar o impacto do alto risco cardiovascular em pacientes internados em terapia intensiva por COVID-19 Métodos Estudo retrospectivo com pacientes admitidos em terapia intensiva, com diagnóstico confirmado de COVID-19 por RT-PCR e com pelo menos uma dosagem de troponina durante a internação. Os critérios para definição de paciente de alto risco cardiovascular (ARC) foram: histórico de doença cardiovascular estabelecida (infarto, AVC ou doença arterial periférica), diabetes, doença renal crônica com clearance < 60ml/min ou presença de 3 FRC (hipertensão, tabagismo, dislipidemia ou idade > 65 anos). O desfecho primário deste estudo é mortalidade hospitalar por todas as causas. P

A porta de entrada do Sistema único de Saúde acontece nas Unidades básicas de saúde que tem a finalidade de atender até 80% dos problemas básicos de saúde da população. O objetivo desse estudo trata-se de uma estratificação de risco cardiovascular baseada na diretriz da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia de prevenção de doença cardiovascular. Analisaram-se prontuários de 164 pacientes, os quais foram classificados por características sociodemográficas, laboratoriais, medicamentosa, equipe multidisciplinar e interpretação clínica. A estratificação geral de pacientes foi de 26,2% na faixa de risco muito alto, 51,2% alto, 18,9% intermediário e 3,7% baixo. Observou-se uma prevalência de aproximadamente 75% dos pacientes estratificados, apresentando-se fora das metas terapêuticas conforme o Consenso Brasileiro para a Normatização do Perfil Lipídico entre os prontuários analisados e no que diz respeito a meta pressórica, pode-se observar uma prevalência de descontrole da pressão arterial nos grupos de risco intermediário de 38,7% e muito alto risco de 39,5%.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Control of its risk factors, particularly diabetes and dyslipidemia, through reduction of LDL cholesterol, is crucial to reduce cardiovascular risk. This work aims to assess and improve the medical approach to dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. Methods: This is a quality improvement study aimed at family doctors. It included patients with diabetics and dyslipidemia enrolled in the primary health care units of Além D’Ouro, S. Miguel and Oceanos. A quality standard was defined for each of the criteria assessed, and the results were compared using the chi-square test with p-value

Introduction and Objectives: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors are widely used in oncology and ophthalmology. Although these agents have been shown to increase the risk of cardiovascular events in systemic use, the effect of local applications is unclear. In our study, we aimed to investigate the effects of anti-VEGF agents on left heart functions after intravitreal injection using speckle tracking echocardiography., Methods: In this prospectively designed study, 44 patients who were going to start intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment were included in the study. Patients were evaluated with speckle tracking echocardiography before the first anti-VEGF administration and at three months of anti-VEGF treatment., Results: Global longitudinal strain (GLS) values at three months were lower in the patients who participated in the study and this was statistically significant (-18.77±2.17, -18.60±2.01, p=0.001). Also, there was a statistically significant decrease in the mean values of GLS (GLS4CH) obtained from apical four space image, GLS (GLSAPLAX) obtained from apical long axis image and GLS (GLS2CH) obtained from apical 2 space image at month 0 and month 3 (-19.08±2.39, -18.93±2.26, p=0.004; -18.81±2.29, -18.60±2.12, p=0.001; -18.44±2.31, -18.27±2.12, p=0.013, respectively)., Conclusion: The slight decrease in GLS in our study suggests that the use of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents may have cardiac effects., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objectives: Subjects without cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) may suffer from subclinical atherosclerosis, and are at increased risk for atherosclerotic CV events (ASCVE). The ESC/EAS risk SCORE was updated by SCORE2, which estimates 10-year risk of fatal and non-fatal CVD in European populations aged 40-69 years without established CVD or diabetes. Our aim was to compare the two ESC/EAS risk scores and to validate SCORE2 in our population., Methods: A total of 1071 individuals (age 57.2±6.1 years; 75.2% male) without CVD or diabetes, from GENEMACOR study controls, were analyzed over 5.4±3.9 years. The population was stratified into risk categories according to the two scores, and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) and Harrell's C-index assessed the scores' performance. Calibration was performed using the goodness-of-fit test, and occurrence of the first event assessed by Cox regression. Kaplan-Meier analysis estimated SCORE2 survival., Results: SCORE stratified subjects into four risk categories: low (7.4%), moderate (46.5%), high (25.3%) and very high (20.8%), and SCORE2 into three: low-to-moderate (24.7%), high (59.0%) and very high (16.2%). SCORE presented good discrimination for CV mortality (AUC=0.838; C-index=0.834, 95% CI: 0.728-0.940), as did SCORE2 for total CV events (AUC=0.744; C-index=0.728, 95% CI: 0.648-0.808). Calibration did not show a disparity between observed and expected ASCVE. The probability of ASCVE was eight times higher in very-high-risk SCORE2 (p=0.001), and three times in the high-risk group (p=0.049). Event-free survival was 99%, 90% and 72% in the low-to-moderate, high and very-high-risk categories, respectively (p<0.0001)., Conclusions: SCORE2 improved population stratification by identifying higher-risk patients, enabling early preventive measures. It showed good discriminative ability for all ASCVE., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains the major cause of premature death and disability; effective cardiovascular (CV) risk prevention is fundamental. The World Heart Federation (WHF) Cholesterol Roadmap provides a framework for national policy development and aims to achieve ASCVD prevention. At the invitation of the WHF, a group of experts from the Portuguese Society of Cardiology (SPC), addressed the cholesterol burden at nationally and discussed possible strategies to include in a Portuguese cholesterol roadmap. The literature review showed that the cholesterol burden in Portugal is high and especially uncontrolled in those with the highest CV risk. An infographic scorecard was built to include in the WHF collection, for a clear idea about CV risk and cholesterol burden in Portugal, which would also be useful for health policy advocacy. The expert discussion and preventive strategies proposal followed the five pillars of the WHF document: awareness improvement; population-based approaches for CV risk and cholesterol; risk assessment/population screening; system-level approaches; surveillance of cholesterol and ASCVD outcomes. These strategies were debated by all the expert participants, with the goal of creating a national cholesterol roadmap to be used for advocacy and as a guide for CV prevention. Several key recommendations were outlined: include all stakeholders in a multidisciplinary national program; create a structured activities plan to increase awareness in the population; improve the quality of continuous CV health education; increase the interaction between different health professionals and non-health professionals; increment the referral of patients to cardiac rehabilitation; screen cholesterol levels in the general population, especially high-risk groups; promote patient self-care, engage with patients' associations; use specific social networks to spread information widely; create a national database of cholesterol levels with systematic registry of CV events; redefine strategies based on the evaluation of results; create and involve more patients' associations - invert the pyramid order. In conclusion, ASCVD and the cholesterol burden remain a strong global issue in Portugal, requiring the involvement of multiple stakeholders in prevention. The Portuguese cholesterol roadmap can provide some solutions to help urgently mitigate the problem. Population-based approaches to improve awareness and CV risk assessment and surveillance of cholesterol and ASCVD outcomes are key factors in this change. A call to action is clearly needed to fight hypercholesterolemia and ASCVD burden., (Copyright © 2024. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U.)

Introduction and Objectives: The association between exercise and coronary atherosclerosis still remains unclarified. We aimed to analyze the prevalence of high coronary atherosclerotic burden in veteran athletes, considering cardiovascular (CV) risk and volume of exercise., Methods: A total of 105 asymptomatic male veteran athletes (48±5.6 years old) were studied. A high coronary atherosclerotic burden was defined as one of the following characteristics in coronary computed tomography angiography: calcium score >100, >75th percentile, obstructive plaques, involving left main, three-vessels or two-vessels including proximal anterior descending artery, segment involvement score >5 or CT-adapted Leaman score ≥5. CV risk was stratified by SCORE2 and volume of exercise by metabolic equivalent task score., Results: Most athletes (n=88) were engaged in endurance sports for 17.1±9.8 years, with a median exercise volume of 66 [IQR 44-103] metabolic equivalent of tasks/hour/week. The mean Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation 2 was 2.8±1.5%; 76.9% of athletes had a low-moderate risk and none a very high risk. High coronary atherosclerotic burden was present in 25.7% athletes. Athletes with high cardiovascular risk and high exercise volume (above the median) showed significantly high coronary atherosclerotic burden compared to those with low-moderate risk and high volume (50.0% vs. 15.6%; p=0.017). Among athletes with low to moderate risk, a high volume of exercise tended to be protective, while in those with low volume, there was similar rate of high coronary atherosclerotic burden, regardless of CV risk., Conclusions: A combination of higher volume of exercise and high cardiovascular risk revealed the worst association with coronary atherosclerosis in veteran athletes. The relationship between these variables is controversial, but integrating exercise characteristics and risk assessment into preparticipation evaluation is essential., (Copyright © 2024 Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Population aging is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases that have a significant impact on overall morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance (IR) and visceral obesity are risk factors for vascular damage and cardiometabolic diseases. Aims: Estimating the correlation between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and IR in elderly individuals and comparing them to traditional anthropometric indices. Methods: Cross-sectional study comprising 411 individuals >60 years, who were treated in a primary care service. Body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), arm circumference (AC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded. IR was estimated based on HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment IR index). LAPa index was calculated as [WC-65]×[triglyceride (TG)] in men, and as [WC-58]×[TG] in women, whereas LAPb was calculated by using the minimum WC values recorded for the current sample, i.e., 61.5 cm for women and 71.5 cm for men. Results: There was correlation among LAPa (0.506), LAPb (0.515) and HOMA-IR. LAP was better correlated to HOMA-IR and showed higher area under the curve than BMI, NC, WHR and SAD. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, LAPb≥47.40 and LAPa≥52.5 were the best cut-off values used to identify individuals with IR presenting 68.8% and 68.2% sensitivity, and 68.6% and 68.6% specificity, respectively. Conclusion: LAP may be a useful and simple clinical marker to assess cardiometabolic risk factors in the elderly population treated at a primary care service. Resumo: Introdução: O envelhecimento da população associa-se ao aumento da prevalência de doenças cardiovasculares, com um impacto significativo na morbimortalidade geral. Resistência à insulina (RI) e obesidade visceral são fatores de risco para lesão vascular e doença cardiometabólica. Objetivo: Estimar a correlação entre produto de acumulação de lípidos (LAP) e IR em indivíduos idosos e compará-los com os índices antropométricos tradicionais. Métodos: Este estudo transversal incluiu 411 indivíduos acima de 60 anos, atendidos na atenção primária. Foram registradas índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência do pescoço (CP), circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência do quadril (CQ), circunferência do braço (CA), diâmetro abdominal sagital (DAS) e relação cintura-quadril (RCQ). A RI foi estimada pelo HOMA-IR (índice de avaliação do modelo de homeostase). O índice de PALa foi calculado como [WC-65] × [TG] em homens, e [WC-58] × [TG] em mulheres e PALb foi calculada usando o valor mínimo da CC sendo 61,5 cm para mulheres e 71,5 cm para homens. Resultados: Houve correlação entre LAPa (0,506), LAPb (0,515) e HOMA-IR. O LAP foi melhor correlacionado com o HOMA-IR e mostrou maior área sob a curva do que o IMC, NC, WHR e SAD. Com base na análise da curva característica operacional do receptor, LAPb ≥47.40 e LAPa ≥52.5 foram os melhores valores de corte utilizados para identificar indivíduos com IR apresentando 68,8% e 68,2% de sensibilidade, e 68,6% e 68,6% de especificidade, respectivamente. Conclusão: O LAP pode ser um marcador clínico útil e simples para avaliar os factores de risco cardiometabólico na população idosa tratada num serviço de cuidados primários.

Introdução: As doenças cardiovasculares tornaram-se um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e compreendem uma das causas de afastamento do trabalho. Entretanto, sua ocorrência pode ser evitada se houver a identificação precoce de fatores de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Investigar a frequência de fatores de risco cardiovascular em funcionários de uma indústria de Alagoas e averiguar diferenças em sua ocorrência entre os setores de trabalho. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico, realizado em fevereiro de 2019, com funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional de uma indústria alagoana. Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e de estilo de vida. Consideraram-se como fatores de risco cardiovascular: pressão arterial alterada, indicadores antropométricos de risco cardiovascular, tabagismo, etilismo, sedentarismo e antecedentes pessoais ou familiares de doenças crônicas. A análise estatística foi realizada com auxílio do pacote estatístico R, usando o pacote Rcmdr. Para averiguar possíveis diferenças entre os fatores de risco em funcionários do setor administrativo e do setor operacional, realizou-se o teste t para amostras independentes, quando variáveis contínuas, e o teste do qui-quadrado de Pearson, quando categóricas, adotando-se nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foram avaliados 56 funcionários, com média de idade de 33 ± 8,5 anos. Destes, 80,4% eram do sexo masculino, 62,5% estavam com excesso de peso, 58,9% consumiam álcool, 53,6% realizavam alguma atividade física e 51,8% apresentavam antecedentes familiares cardiovasculares. Não houve diferença quanto à ocorrência desses fatores entre os setores de trabalho. Conclusão: Os fatores de risco cardiovascular mais frequentes foram excesso de peso, consumo de álcool e presença de antecedentes familiares, não tendo sido identificada diferença entre os trabalhadores do serviço operacional e administrativo. No entanto, a presença desses fatores é preocupante, principalmente por se tratar de amostra relativamente jovem.

Resumo Fundamento: A circunferência do pescoço (CP) é uma medida indireta do tecido adiposo subcutâneo da parte superior do corpo, apontada como um preditor independente de doenças cardiometabólicas. Objetivos: Verificar a associação entre a CP e o risco cardiovascular em 10 anos (risco de doença cardiovascular [DCV] em 10 anos) em homens e mulheres separadamente. Métodos: Análise seccional com inclusão de 13.920 participantes da linha de base do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde do Adulto (ELSA-Brasil). A associação entre a CP (utilizada como variável contínua e agregada em quartis) e o risco de DCV em 10 anos, estimado pelo Framingham Global Risk Score (FGRS), foi investigada por meio de modelos lineares generalizados após ajustes por características sociodemográficas, comportamentos em saúde, índice de massa corporal e circunferência da cintura. O nível de significância estatístico adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A média da CP foi de 39,5 cm (desvio-padrão [DP] de ± 3,6) nos homens e 34,0 cm (DP de ±2,9) nas mulheres. Após ajustes, o aumento de 1 cm na CP foi associado ao incremento de 3% (IC 95%: 1,02 a 1,03) e 5% (IC 95%: 1,04 a 1,06) na média aritmética do risco de DCV em homens e mulheres, respectivamente. No último quartil da CP, homens e mulheres apresentaram um incremento de 18% (IC 95%: 1,13 a 1,24) e 35% (IC 95%: 1,28 a 1,43), respectivamente, na média aritmética do risco de DCV após ajustes. Conclusões: Verificamos associação positiva e independente entre a CP e o risco de DCV em 10 anos. Resultados sugerem que a CP pode contribuir para a predição de risco cardiovascular além daquele observado pelas medidas antropométricas clássicas.

Apesar do maior acesso a informações e conscientização sobre prevenção de doenças e promoção da saúde, a situação de saúde atual da população brasileira ainda é preocupante. Neste sentido, este estudo teve por finalidade avaliar a relação entre os parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos e estilo de vida de indivíduos acompanhados em um ambulatório de saúde na região central do estado do RS. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, descritivo, realizado com adultos e idosos no ano de 2018. Foi avaliado o estado nutricional por meio de parâmetros antropométricos, bioquímicos e estilo de vida. Participaram do estudo 57 indivíduos, com idade média de 40,6 ± 14,6 anos e 53,8% mulheres. Quanto ao motivo da consulta, indivíduos obesos intencionavam atingir a redução de peso e indivíduos eutróficos à reeducação alimentar. Verificou-se diferença significativa no aumento dos níveis da glicose de jejum (pré-diabetes) nos obesos. Aumento do risco cardiovascular segundo a circunferência abdominal e relação cintura/estatura em indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade. Já a circunferência do braço apresentou-se alterada nos indivíduos eutróficos (depleção muscular) e nos obesos (excesso de gordura). Os homens apresentaram valores significativamente inferiores da lipoproteína de alta densidade. Já as mulheres apresentaram associação significativa com risco cardiovascular aumentado. Com este estudo, observou-se nesta população maior risco cardiovascular e dos marcadores bioquímicos em indivíduos com sobrepeso e obesidade. Estes achados, reforçam a relevância de atuar na mudança de estilo de vida e no perfil de saúde para prevenção e tratamento de complicações metabólicas em adultos e idosos.

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The aim of this study was to obtain patterns related to obesity and cardiovascular and comorbid risk factors in the city of Cascavel – PR, through the application of Data Mining (DM) techniques. Data about obesity were collected during the extension project of Unioeste’s Pharmacy graduation course, by means of a questionnaire with closed questions, which were analyzed in Weka program, and the results compared to the literature. According to the generated decisions tree, the obese individuals, with high abdominal circumference, have greater cardiovascular and comorbid risks. The best result of the model generated evaluation for the cardiovascular meta-risk attribute presented an accuracy of 94.8%, with 110 properly sorted instances, and for comorbid meta-risk attribute the accuracy was 84%. The DM generated useful informations for the decisions-making through the built data bank, assisting in the relevant parameter selection to obtain indicators of public health.

The increased prevalence of obesity has endangered the health of Brazilian adolescents. Regular physical activity and lifestyle changes are recommended as prevention and treatment. However, there is no consensus on the dose-response of training programs. This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of a high-intensity interval training program in aquatic environment (HIITAQ) on physical fitness and cardiometabolic risk factors in obese teenagers. The sample consisted of 18 adolescents of both sexes, aged 12 to 17 years, diagnosed with obesity. Anthropometric variables, physical fitness, blood glucose, and lipid profile were evaluated before and after 12 weeks of training. The program consisted of two sets of 4-8 repetitions for 30 seconds (85%-95% of maximal heart rate) and 60 seconds of active rest interval. After applying the program, a reduction in body mass index was seen, that is, BMI z-score (p <0.01), as well as a reduction of Total Cholesterol, TC (p <0.01), and LDL (p <0.01). There was an increase in basal metabolic rate (p <0.01) and peak VO2 (p <0.01). No differences were seen after the training with regard to fat percentage, body mass index (BMI) waist/height ratio (WHtR), fasting blood glucose, insulin, and HDL-c (p>0.05). The high-intensity training program in aquatic environment was effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that bariatric surgery (CB) reduces the inflammatory process and cardiometabolic risk, few studies have evaluated the impact of this procedure on environmental, biochemical, hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory factors on body composition, prospectively, especially by scrutinizing users of the Unified Health System. Health (SUS). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the evolution of cardiometabolic risk in patients undergoing CB and its association with environmental, biochemical, hemodynamic, cardiorespiratory, and body composition factors. It was an analytical, longitudinal, prospective, cohort study with two groups and a quantitative approach. Candidates for CB who meet the criteria of the Brazilian Society of Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery (case group) and volunteers with diabetes mellitus 2 and obesity grade II (control group) will be considered eligible. Body composition, hemodynamic, biochemical, food consumption, and cardiorespiratory data will be collected before surgery and after one, three, six, and twelve months after the procedure. In addition, an ergospirometric test, transthoracic echocardiogram, and bone densitometry (DEXA) was performed. This investigation intends to produce information about the impact of CB on the metabolic, physical, and psychosocial integrity of SUS users. Thus, it is expected to provide public managers with technical information to support efficient and equitable health policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo Desenvolver um documento de consenso orientado para a prática clínica no contexto da Medicina Geral e Familiar relativamente à gestão da farmacológica do risco cardiovascular na pessoa com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Métodos Foi reunido um painel de seis especialistas em Medicina Geral e Familiar que desenvolveu uma revisão bibliográfica não sistemática de recomendações clínicas, meta-análises e estudos originais e de revisão relativos ao controlo dos principais parâmetros de risco cardiovascular no adulto com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2. Foi analisada e debatida de modo exaustivo a evidência identificada que foi posteriormente sumarizada num conjunto de recomendações práticas. Resultados Foram identificadas 23 fontes bibliográficas, entre recomendações clínicas, estudos originais, meta-análises e estudos secundários com base nos quais se elaboraram 13 recomendações relativas à terapêutica com antidiabéticos, 5 recomendações relativas à terapêutica com anti-hipertensores, 5 recomendações relativas à terapêutica anti-dislipidemica e 10 recomendações relativas à terapêutica com anti-agregantes. Conclusão A gestão do risco cardiovascular e da insuficiência cardíaca na pessoa com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 constitui um exercício clínico desafiante que requer uma análise holística e individualizada de cada pessoa. Novas armas farmacológicas estão agora disponíveis, e devem ser utilizadas de forma incisiva para garantir um controlo adequado da glicemia e dos fatores de risco cardiovascular, minimizando a morbimortalidade inerente às complicações da Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2.

A Síndrome metabólica é composta por fatores de risco cardiovascular devido ao perfil lipídico inadequado relacionado à deposição central de gordura e a resistência à insulina, bem como há evidências que relacionam a obesidade com a deficiência de vitamina D e ao hipogonadismo. Com o objetivo de demonstrar a evolução desfavorável de alterações metabólicas envolvidas com o ganho excessivo de peso e a eficácia da terapêutica adotada, utilizou-se como referência, para o relato em questão, o caso de um paciente do sexo masculino, 32 anos, portador de obesidade grau II/III, dislipidemia, diabetes mellitus (DM), hipogonadismo e deficiência de vitamina D. Na evolução foram instituídos tratamentos adequados para obesidade, hipogonadismo, DM e dislipidemia. Posteriormente, apresentou perda de peso equivalente à 36,3 kg melhorando a qualidade de vida além de prevenir riscos e doenças possivelmente associadas.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a relação entre o nível de atividade física com um fator de risco cardiovascular (i.e. a razão cintura-quadril - RCQ), em frequentadores de um parque público do Distrito Federal. Foram selecionados 49 voluntários com idade média de 39,2 ± 13,6 anos, de ambos os sexos (22 mulheres e 27 homens). Para determinar o nível de atividade física foi empregada a versão curta do IPAQ (International Physical Activity Questionnaire) e a RCQ para determinar o risco cardiovascular, conforme a faixa etária. Quando comparado o risco cardiovascular baixo em relação aos níveis de atividade física, ocorreram as frequências de 2 (16,7%), 3 (16,7%) e 6 (31,6%), nos grupos pouco ativo, ativo e muito ativo, respectivamente. No risco cardiovascular moderado, foi observado frequências de 9 (75%), 13 (72,2%) e 11 (57,9%), nos grupos pouco ativo, ativo e muito ativo, respectivamente. Já no risco cardiovascular alto, ocorreram as distribuições de 0 (0%), 2 (11,1%) e 2 (10,5%), nos respectivos grupos de atividade física; pouco ativo, ativo e muito ativo. Enquanto no risco cardiovascular muito alto foi observado baixa frequências de 1 (8,3%), 0 (0%) e 0 (0%), pouco ativo, ativo e muito ativo, respectivamente. Desse modo, não houve associação da RCQ com o nível de atividade física em frequentadores de um parque no Distrito Federal. O que ressalta a importância da verificação da validade do IPAQ em diferentes classes sociais na determinação do nível de atividade física. ABSTRACT Waist-hip ratio does not association with the level of physical activity in a park frequenters in the federal district The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the level of physical activity and a cardiovascular risk factor (i.e. waist-hip ratio - WHR) in a public park frequenters in the Federal District. We selected 49 volunteers with a mean age of 39.2 ± 13.6 years, of both sexes (22 women and 27 men). To determine the level of physical activity, the short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the WHR were used to determine the cardiovascular risk according to the age. When comparing the low cardiovascular risk in relation to the physical activity levels, the frequencies of 2 (16.7%), 3 (16.7%) and 6 (31.6%) occurred in the low active, active and very active groups, respectively. In moderate cardiovascular risk, frequencies of 9 (75%), 13 (72.2%) and 11 (57.9%) were observed in the low active, active and very active groups, respectively. In the high cardiovascular risk, the distributions of 0 (0%), 2 (11.1%) and 2 (10.5%) occurred in the low active, active and very active groups, respectively. While in very high cardiovascular risk, low frequencies of 1 (8.3%), 0 (0%) and 0 (0%) were observed, low active, active and very active, respectively. Thus, there was no association of WHR with the level of physical activity in park visitors in the Federal District. This highlights the importance of verifying the validity of IPAQ in different social classes in determining the level of physical activity.

Introdução: A obtenção de informações epidemiológicas, problemas de saúde e seus determinantes a cerca de uma população especifica é fundamental para planejar e priorizar políticas e projetos de saúde. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil antropométrico e de saúde de usuários da rede básica de saúde. Materiais e Métodos: Estudo utilizando prontuários de 527 pacientes cadastrados no serviço de atendimento nutricional, entre anos de 2015 e 2016, analisando Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC), com idade entre 5 e 85 anos, sexo, circunferência da cintura (CC) e aparecimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Resultados: A maior prevalência de atendimentos ocorreu por parte das mulheres, acima de 61 anos, com estado nutricional de obesidade e risco elevado para doenças cardiovasculares. As DCNT mais presentes foram hipertensão arterial sistêmica, diabetes mellitus e dislipidemia. Discussão: Pode se observar que as mulheres idosas buscam maior atendimento na rede pública de saúde, devido a maior preocupação com a saúde e avanço da idade. O excesso de peso da população estudada correlaciona-se o aparecimento de DCNT e aumento do risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Conclusão: O profissional nutricionista tem grande importância na prevenção e controle de excesso de peso, orientando a população acerca de uma alimentação balanceada para diminuição de ocorrência de DCNT e seus agravos. ABSTRACT Anthropometric and health characterization of users of the basic network of health of Americana-SP Introduction: The gathering of epidemiologic information, health issues and what determines them in a specific population group is fundamental to create and plan health projects. Objective: Trace a health and anthropometric profile of the population that depend n public health. Methods and Materials: Study is based on doctor’s reports of 527 patients that are registered for the nutritional services, dated for 2015 and 2016, analyzing Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference, age (5years to 85 years old), gender and signs for chronic non-communicable disease. Results: Women above the age of 61, with nutritional status at obesity and elevated risk for heart disease are majority of the patients to be treated. The most come diseases seen were arterial hypertension, Diabetes and Dyslipidemia. Discussion: It can be observed that elderly women are more interested on the public health services, due to concerns with health issues and advance age. Excess weight of the population is related to increased risks of heart diseases and chronic non-communicable diseases. Conclusion: A professional Nutritionist has great importance in the prevention and control of overweight in a population by informing about good eating habits and balanced dietary. An informed population can decrease non-communicable diseases and heart diseases and there risks.

Objetivo: Determinar os valores de consumo alimentar para risco cardiovascular, a prevalência de sobrepeso e obesidade, e o nível de atividade física em adolescentes de um colégio estadual na cidade de Curitiba-PR. Métodos: Estudo descritivo transversal com análise quantitativa dos dados, realizada com adolescentes do ensino fundamental, com idade entre 11 a 15 anos. Os dados foram coletados por meio da avaliação de IMC, questionário nível de atividade física (IPAQ) e de alimentos relacionados ao risco cardiovascular. Resultados: Avaliou-se 24 adolescentes, com média de idade de 12,75 (±1,70). Em relação ao IMC dos adolescentes, apenas 12,5 % (n=3) apresentaram sobrepeso. Quanto ao nível de atividade física, 41,66% (n=10) foram classificados como irregularmente ativos e 20,83% (n=5) como sedentários. Relativo aos alimentos consumidos ligados ao risco de doenças cardiovasculares, 75% (n=18) apresenta consumo excessivo destes alimentos. Conclusão: Portanto, programas para intensificar ações para promoção de hábitos alimentares saudáveis e prática de atividade física são fundamentais. ABSTRACT Food, cardiovascular risk and level of physical activity in teenagers Objective: To determine the values of food consumption for cardiovascular risk, the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and the level of physical activity in adolescents from a state school in the city of Curitiba-PR. Methods: Cross-sectional study with quantitative data analysis, carried out with adolescents of elementary school, aged 11 to 15 years. Data were collected through the evaluation of BMI, physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and food-related cardiovascular risk. Results: We evaluated 24 adolescents with a mean age of 12.75 (± 1.70). Regarding BMI of adolescents, only 12.5% (n = 3) were overweight. The level of physical activity, 41.66% (n = 10) were classified as irregularly active and 20.83% (n = 5) as sedentary. Relating to food consumed linked to the risk of cardiovascular diseases, 75% (n = 18) provides excessive consumption of these foods. Conclusion: Therefore, programs to intensify actions to promote healthy eating habits and physical activity are key.

Introdução: Doenças cardiovasculares são a principal causa de mortalidade, no Brasil e no mundo. Estudos em amostra populacional brasileira, fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares são escassos. Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial (HA) e cardiopatias e examinar a associação de estado nutricional, risco cardiovascular (RC) e sedentarismo com os desfechos. Métodos: Estudo transversal em amostra aleatória populacional de Aracaju-SE, com 399 participantes. Utilizou-se o teste t de Student e o teste c2 para comparar os dados por sexo. Para avaliar o efeito preditor das variáveis de exposição sobre os desfechos utilizou-se a razão de chances (odds ratio: OR). Resultados: Houve diferenças significativas, segundo sexo, em consumo de álcool, risco cardiovascular, obesidade grau II e HA, cuja prevalência foi significativamente maior entre homens (43,4%) comparando com mulheres (26,3%). Peso normal mostrou-se como fator protetor para HA (OR=0,44; IC95% 0,27-0,73). Sedentarismo apresentou chance 40% maior para HA (OR=1,44; IC95% 1,33-1,59) e a chance para cardiopatias foi 2 vezes maior (OR=2,06; IC95% 1,16-3,65). RCA apresentou chance 16% maior para HA (p

Objetivo: O estudo longitudinal, do tipo follow-up, objetivou investigar a influência da prestação da Atenção Farmacêutica sobre a taxa de risco cardiovascular de pacientes hipertensos atendidos em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde do Ceará. Métodos: Um acompanhamento farmacoterapêutico foi realizado, com duração de seis meses, seguindo o Método Dáder. No início e fim do acompanhamento foram registrados exames laboratoriais e níveis pressóricos dos pacientes, indicadores necessários para o cálculo da taxa de risco, feito através da Escala de Framingham. Os valores foram comparados, estatisticamente, utilizando o programa Sigma Plot, e teste t de Student e Wilcoxon, com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Foi observada uma diferença significante nos valores médios da taxa de risco cardiovascular, passando de 13,4% para 9,5% ao fim do estudo, e dos níveis de pressão arterial sistólica, valor inicial de 146,1mmHg e final de 128,7mmHg, equivalendo a uma redução de 29% e de 11,9% do valor inicial, respectivamente (p

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Copyright of RPDI - Revista Portuguesa de Doenças Infecciosas is the property of Sociedade Portuguesa de Doencas Infecciosas e Microbiologia Clinica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study evaluated cardiovascular risk in patients with HIV/AIDS. Data from 102 patients followed at a Reference Center in Jataí, Goiás, Brazil were analyzed. The results showed that 14% of the patients had moderate risk and 86% had low cardiovascular risk. A positive association was observed between moderate risk and low education level, longer use of antiretroviral therapy, longer time since HIV diagnosis, and low HDL-c values. Additionally, the high frequency of overweight/obesity among the patients was highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that causes systemic involvement and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Objective: To analyze the prediction index of 10-year risk of a fatal cardiovascular disease event in female RA patients versus controls. Methods: Case-control study with analysis of 100 female patients matched for age and gender versus 100 patients in the control group. For the prediction of 10-year risk of a fatal cardiovascular disease event, the SCORE and modified SCORE (mSCORE) risk indexes were used, as suggested by EULAR, in the subgroup with two or more of the following: duration of disease ≥10 years, RF and/or anti-CCP positivity, and extra-articular manifestations. Results: The prevalence of analyzed comorbidities was similar in RA patients compared with the control group (p > 0.05). The means of the SCORE risk index in RA patients and in the control group were 1.99 (SD: 1.89) and 1.56 (SD: 1.87) (p = 0.06), respectively. The means of mSCORE index in RA patients and in the control group were 2.84 (SD = 2.86) and 1.56 (SD = 1.87) (p = 0.001), respectively. By using the SCORE risk index, 11% of RA patients were classified as of high risk, and with the use of mSCORE risk index, 36% were at high risk (p< 0.001). Conclusion: The SCORE risk index is similar in both groups, but with the application of the mSCORE index, we recognized that RA patients have a higher 10-year risk of a fatal cardiovascular disease event, and this reinforces the importance of factors inherent to the disease not measured in the SCORE risk index, but considered in mSCORE risk index.

Cardiovascular complications are relevant due to their frequency and severity on the hypertension scenario. Studies refer Pharmaceutical Care (PC) as capable of decreasing cardiovascular risk rate (%CVR) on hypertensive patients. This study aimed to investigate, through a randomized clinical assay, the influence of PC service on the %CVR of hypertensive patients assisted in a health primary care unit from Fortaleza-Ceará. Two study groups were formed: i. Intervention Group (IG), which received orientation about taking medicines, actions aiming to prevent/solve medicine interactions and adverse effects and non-pharmacological interventions for 9 months and, ii. Control Group (CG), which received traditional assistance of the unit and was monitored during the same period. It was observed a statistically significant reduction on %CVR (10.76 to 7.86; p=0.04) and systolic blood pressure levels (SBP) (137.69 to 131.54; p