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This study aimed to screen the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity of a 70% methanolic extract of Rosenvingea sp., which was collected from Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh. A total of five phytochemicals were detected in the Rosenvingea methanolic extract, including steroids, glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging experiment exhibited antioxidant activity though it is a weak antioxidant than standard ascorbic acid. The 70% methanol extract had an LC50 of 13.26 mg/mL in the Artemia lethality bioassay, whereas the positive control (K2Cr2O7) had an LC50 of 59.97 μg/mL, indicating the non-toxicity in both Mayer's and Clarkson’s indexes. The agar disc diffusion method was used to investigate the antibacterial activity of a methanol extract of Rosenvingea sp. against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria species (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, and Klebsiella pneumonia) which showed strong antibacterial activity mostly against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella with zones of inhibition of 6.66±1.15mm, 5.66±0.57mm, 5.33±0.57 mm & 3.33±0.57 mm respectively. This study found Rosenvingea sp. from the Bay of Bengal to be a promising source of phytochemical, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. However, further research is needed to establish its economic potential in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Bioresearch Commu. 9(1): 1252-1262, 2023 (January)

Background: Thalassemia is the most common heterogeneous group of genetic disorders in which the production of normal hemoglobin (Hb) is partly or completely suppressed because of defective synthesis of one or more globin chains that vary widely in severity from asymptomatic forms to severe or even fatal entities. Aim of this study is to compare of various lipid levels in patients with b-thalassemia major with that of normal individuals. Methods: In this cross sectional study, 30 children (case) previously diagnosed as beta thalassemia major were evaluated for serum lipid levels who were admitted at the Department of Pediatrics in DMCH & Thalassemia center of Dhaka Shishu Hospital from January 2012 to December 2012. The control group included 30 ages & sex matched healthy participants. Serum lipids profiles (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL­ cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol) as well as hemoglobin, MCV, MCH & MCHC were compared between the two groups. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Serum total cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG) and HDL cholesterol concentrations were measured by using Photoelectric Colorimeter (ERMA INC, model no AE-30F, made in Japan) in clinical biochemistry department of Dhaka Medical College. Results: Hematological tests showed the mean haemoglobin level in thalassemia group was 7.23 gm/dl with standard deviation of 1.23 whereas in control group the mean haemoglobin level was 10.37 gm/dl with standard deviation of 1.22. There was significant differences between two groups (p=.001). Mean MCV, MCH and MCHC in thaiassemic group were significantly lower [69.83 fl (SD 8.34), 23.10 pgm (SD 3.57) and 28.03% (SD-2.58)] than those in their control counterpart [8323 fl (SD 4.97), 29.23 pgm (SD 2.43) and 31.20% (SD-1.83)] respectively (p = 0.001 in all parameters). Beta thalassemia major patients had significantly lower high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) compare with controls (p

Introduction and objectives: Congenital ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) is the most common cause of hydronephrosis. Management protocols are based on the presence of symptoms and when the patient is asymptomatic the function of the affected kidney determines the line of treatment. Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) became a widely accepted procedure in children in the 1990s. The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of performing percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) in all patients with UPJO and split renal function (SRF) of less than 10% in the affected kidney, because the management of such cases is still under debate. Methods:This prospective clinical trial was carried out at Dhaka Medical College Hospital from January 2014 to December 2016. Eighteen consecutive patients who underwent PCN for the treatment of unilateral UPJO were evaluated prospectively. In these children, ultrasonography was used for puncture and catheter insertion. Local anesthesia with sedation or general anesthesia was used for puncture. Pig tail catheters were employed. The PCN remained in situ for at least 4 weeks, during which patients received low-dose cephalosporin prophylaxis. Repeat renography was done after 4 weeks. When there was no significant improvement in split renal function (10% or greater) and PCN drainage (greater than 200 ml per day) then nephrectomies were performed otherwise pyeloplasties were performed. The patients were followed up after pyeloplasty with renograms at 3 months and 6 months post operatively. Results: All the patients had severe hydronephrosis during diagnosis and 14 patients with unilateral UPJO were improved after PCN drainage and underwent pyeloplasty. The rest four patients that did not show improvement in the SRF and total volume of urine output underwent nephrectomy. In the patients with unilateral UPJO who improved after PCN drainage, the SRF was increased to 26.4% ±8.6% (mean± SD) after four weeks and pyeloplasty was performed. At three and six months follow-up, SRF value was 29.2% ±8.5% and 30.8.2% ±8.8% respectively. Conclusion: Before planning of nephrectomy in poorly functioning kidneys (SRF < 10%) due to congenital UPJO, PCN drainage should be done to asses improvement of renal function. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 20, No. 2, July 2017 p.61-64

Introduction and objective: Over the last decade laparoscopic surgery has been popularized and developed to such an extent that it can be considered gold standard for many types of procedures in urology. Currently the majority of operations in urologic field can be performed by laparoscopy. This is because it is as effective as open surgery, but associated with less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery and has better cosmetic result. The aim of the study is to evaluate the results of our experience of treating symptomatic renal cysts by laparoscopy. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted from January 2015 to December 2017 in the Department of Urology in a single unit of Dhaka Medical College Hospital. All the patients were admitted through out-patient department. Among them those who fulfilled the criteria were selected for laparoscopic surgery. All patients were diagnosed by ultrasonography and computed tomography to determine the Bosniak classification of the cyst & informed written consent was taken. Total five laparoscopic decortication of renal cysts were performed and the results of our experience were compared with data from published article. Pain and cyst recurrence were assessed during the follow-up. Results: Our study described the results of 05 laparoscopic decortication of renal cysts. All procedures were completed successfully by transperitoneal approach, with no major intraoperative and postoperative complications. There was a placement of drain tube in one patient. The mean (range) operative duration was 68 (40–110) min, affected by the site and number of cysts decorticated. The mean post operative hospital stay was 1.8 (1- 3) days. All patients were symptom-free and no sign of recurrence during the follow-up. Conclusion: Laparoscopic decortication of symptomatic renal cysts should be the standard of care and it is feasible with conventional laparoscopic instruments and gives a better cosmetic outcome. Bangladesh Journal of Urology, Vol. 21, No. 2, July 2018 p.137-139

Not Available Bangladesh Crit Care J March 2020; 8(1): 61-63

Background & objective: Perinatal asphyxia affects all organs of the body and brain is the most affected organ. The study was undertaken to find out the status of serum magnesium and calcium level and their significant association among asphyxiated term newborns with moderate to severe HIE.Material & methods: The Cross sectional study was done in the Department of Neonatology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital during January 2012 to July 2012. A total of 102 asphyxiated term neonates were enrolled , who has H/O perinatal asphyxia and had Apgar score of 6 or

Objective: To diagnose the cases of hepatic injury due to blunt abdominal trauma in a shortest possible time and find out the way of efficient and planned management of hepatic injury in our present setting. Materials and methods: This study was done in the casualty department of Dhaka Medical College Hospital and 50 patients of hepatic injury following blunt abdominal trauma were selected over a period of January 2010 to December 2010. All 50 patients were admitted within 24 hours of incidence. The patients were diagnosed clinically by history and physical examination and relevant investigations. Immediately after admission patients were resuscitated by clearance of airway, maintenance of respiration, arrest of external bleeding and maintenance of normal circulation (ATLS Protocol). After resuscitation further management was planned depending upon the condition of the patient. Clinical presentation, overall management and outcome were evaluated by the available resources of casualty ward of DMCH. Results: Most patients were male (88%) and 68% of patients were belonged to age group of 21 to 40 years. Most of the patients (90%) were injured as a result of road traffic accidents. All patients had a history of trauma and most of them presented with abdominal pain, tenderness muscular rigidity of abdomen and shock (38%). Only 13 (26%) patients had isolated hepatic injury. Rest of the patients had associated other organ injuries. Majority patients (46%) had Grade-I hepatic injury. Out of 50 patients, 46 were operated and most of them had other intra abdominal organ injuries and 4 patients were given non-operative management. Suture hepatorrhaphy was done in 38 (76%) cases. Most common post operative complications were pulmonary in origin (24%) and three patients were died in this series. Conclusion: Simple technique of hemostasis such as suture hepatorrhaphy is sufficient in most cases with adequate drainage and non operative management can be tried based on haemodynamic stability. J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 27, No.1, April, 2018, Page 57-61

The advent of smartphones has advanced the use of embedded sensors to acquire various physiological information. For example, smartphone camera sensors and accelerometers can provide heart rhythm signals to the subjects, while microphones can give respiratory signals. However, the acquired smartphone-based physiological signals are more vulnerable to motion and noise artifacts (MNAs) compared to using medical devices, since subjects need to hold the smartphone with proper contact to the smartphone camera and lens stably and tightly for a duration of time without any movement in the hand or finger. This results in more MNA than traditional methods, such as placing a finger inside a tightly enclosed pulse oximeter to get PPG signals, which provides stable contact between the sensor and the subject's finger. Moreover, a smartphone lens does not block ambient light in an effective way, while pulse oximeters are designed to block the ambient light effectively. In this paper, we propose a novel diversity method for smartphone signals that reduces the effect of MNAs during heart rhythm signal detection by 1) acquiring two heterogeneous signals from a color intensity signal and a fingertip movement signal, and 2) selecting the less MNA-corrupted signal of the two signals. The proposed method has advantages in that 1) diversity gain can be obtained from the two heterogeneous signals when one signal is clean while the other signal is corrupted, and 2) acquisition of the two heterogeneous signals does not double the acquisition procedure but maintains a single acquisition procedure, since two heterogeneous signals can be obtained from a single smartphone camera recording. In our diversity method, we propose to choose the better signal based on the signal quality indices (SQIs), i.e., standard deviation of instantaneous heart rate (STD-HR), root mean square of the successive differences of peak-to-peak time intervals (RMSSD-T), and standard deviation of peak values (STD-PV). As a performance metric evaluating the proposed diversity method, the ratio of usable period is considered. Experimental results show that our diversity method increases the usable period 19.53% and 6.25% compared to the color intensity or the fingertip movement signals only, respectively.

Objective Although the primary goal of treatment of type II odontoid fracture is bony union, some advocate continued nonsurgical management of minimally symptomatic older patients who have fibrous union or minimal fracture motion. The risk of this strategy is unknown. We reviewed our long-term outcomes after dens nonunion to define the natural history of Type II odontoid fractures in elderly patients managed nonoperatively. Methods A retrospective chart review of 50 consecutive adults aged 65 or older with Type II odontoid fracture initially managed nonsurgically from 1998 to 2012 at a single tertiary care institution was conducted. Particular attention was paid to patients who had orthosis removal despite absent bony fusion. Patients were contacted prospectively by telephone and followed until death, surgical intervention, or last known contact. Results Fifty patients initially were managed nonsurgically; of these, 21 (42.0%) proceeded to bony fusion, 3 (6%) underwent delayed surgery for persistent instability, and 26 (52%) had orthosis removal despite the lack of solid arthrodesis on imaging. The last group had a median follow-up of 25 months (range 4–158 months), with 20 of 26 (76.9%) followed until death. Of these patients, 1 patient developed progressive quadriplegia and dysphagia 11 months after initial injury. Compared with patients with spontaneous union, patients with nonunion had shorter life expectancy, despite no significant differences between the groups with respect to age, sex, injury mechanism, radiographic variables, or follow-up duration. Conclusions Orthosis removal despite fracture nonunion may be reasonable in elderly patients with Type II dens fractures.

High-i¾? gate-all-around structure counters the Short Channel Effect SCEs mostly providing excellent off-state performance, whereas high mobility III-V channel ensures better on-state performance, rendering III-V nanowire GAAFET a potential candidate for replacing the current FinFETs in microchips. In this paper, a 2D simulator for the III-V GAAFET based on self-consistent solution of Schrodinger-Poisson equation is proposed. Using this simulator, capacitance-voltage profile and threshold voltage are characterized, which reveal that gate dielectric constant i¾? and oxide thickness do not affect threshold voltage significantly at lower channel doping. Moreover, change in alloy composition of InxGa1-xAs, channel doping, and cross-sectional area has trivial effects on the inversion capacitance although threshold voltage can be shifted by the former two. Although, channel material also affects the threshold voltage, most sharp change in threshold voltage is observed with change in fin width of the channel 0.005V/nm for above 10nm fin width and 0.064V/nm for sub-10nm fin width. Simulation suggests that for lower channel doping below 1023m-3, fin width variation affects the threshold voltage most. Whereas when the doping is higher than 1023m-3, both the thickness and dielectric constant of the oxide material have strong effects on threshold voltage 0.05V/nm oxide thickness and 0.01V/per unit change in i¾?. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Accurate heart rate detection is important in healthcare and exercise monitoring. Recently, heart rate monitoring using a smartphone has been highlighted due to its convenience and accuracy. In this paper, we hypothesize that our smartphone-based heart rate detection algorithm reliably detects heart rate based on fingertip image changes. Here, we have used successive video camera fingertip images with edge detection and smoothing techniques to process the fingertip images and to find out the heart rate of the subject. To investigate the capability of our proposed algorithm, we recruited 3 subjects and collected 2-min video data from each subject. We evaluated the performance of our proposed method by comparing it to the previous average intensity-based method [1]. Test results show that our proposed and previous methods give similar heart rate detection performance.

Smartphone signals corrupted by motion and noise artifacts (MNAs) are often misclassified into atrial fibrillation (AF) by our previous smartphone AF detection application [1]. We developed an MNA-tolerant AF detection algorithm for smartphones, which first detects MNAs in the smartphone signals, removes them, and finally detects AF from the MNA-free smartphone signals. To detect MNAs, we used time and frequency-domain parameters: high-pass filtered signal amplitude, successive pulse amplitude ratio, and successive maximum dominant frequency. AFs are detected using our previous AF detection algorithm based on root mean square of successive RR difference (RMSSD) and Shannon Entropy (ShE) values [1]. The clinical results show that the accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of the proposed AF algorithm are 0.9632, 0.9341, and 0.9899, respectively.

Autoantibodies against interferon-γ are associated with severe disseminated opportunistic infection, but their importance and prevalence are unknown.We enrolled 203 persons from sites in Thailand and Taiwan in five groups: 52 patients with disseminated, rapidly or slowly growing, nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (group 1); 45 patients with another opportunistic infection, with or without nontuberculous mycobacterial infection (group 2); 9 patients with disseminated tuberculosis (group 3); 49 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (group 4); and 48 healthy controls (group 5). Clinical histories were recorded, and blood specimens were obtained.Patients in groups 1 and 2 had CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts that were similar to those in patients in groups 4 and 5, and they were not infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Washed cells obtained from patients in groups 1 and 2 had intact cytokine production and a response to cytokine stimulation. In contrast, plasma obtained from these patients inhibited the activity of interferon-γ in normal cells. High-titer anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies were detected in 81% of patients in group 1, 96% of patients in group 2, 11% of patients in group 3, 2% of patients in group 4, and 2% of controls (group 5). Forty other anticytokine autoantibodies were assayed. One patient with cryptococcal meningitis had autoantibodies only against granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. No other anticytokine autoantibodies or genetic defects correlated with infections. There was no familial clustering.Neutralizing anti-interferon-γ autoantibodies were detected in 88% of Asian adults with multiple opportunistic infections and were associated with an adult-onset immunodeficiency akin to that of advanced HIV infection. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00814827.).

We hypothesize that our fingertip image-based heart rate detection methods using smartphone reliably detect the heart rhythm and rate of subjects. We propose fingertip curve line movement-based and fingertip image intensity-based detection methods, which both use the movement of successive fingertip images obtained from smartphone cameras. To investigate the performance of the proposed methods, heart rhythm and rate of the proposed methods are compared to those of the conventional method, which is based on average image pixel intensity. Using a smartphone, we collected 120 s pulsatile time series data from each recruited subject. The results show that the proposed fingertip curve line movement-based method detects heart rate with a maximum deviation of 0.0832 Hz and 0.124 Hz using time- and frequency-domain based estimation, respectively, compared to the conventional method. Moreover, another proposed fingertip image intensity-based method detects heart rate with a maximum deviation of 0.125 Hz and 0.03 Hz using time- and frequency-based estimation, respectively.

Since the fabrication of first III–V Gate-All-Around (GAA) MOSFET it is under extensive research, as it is one of the potential candidates to replace the state of art tri-gate FinFETs, to continue progressive scaling. In this work, transport characterization of experimentally demonstrated gate-all-around (GAA) In x Ga 1−x As nanowire MOSFET in near-ballistic regime is performed using 3D self-consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solver based on Uncoupled Mode Space approach, taking wave function penetration and other quantum mechanical effects into account. The effects of channel length variation on transport characteristics are also examined.

Gate-all-around structure with III-V channel material shows improved channel performance with high carrier mobility and less short channel effect and therefore is being studied rigorously for next generation transistors. We propose an analytical model to calculate gate capacitance and drain current of gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire MOSFET, a prospective device to replace the state-of-art FinFET in near future as per ITRS roadmap. The gate capacitance in strong inversion region is modeled incorporating quantum mechanical effects which are verified against the results obtained from self-consistent simulation of Schrodinger-Poisson equation appeared in recent literature. This model can also be extended for calculating gate capacitance in strong inversion region of different Multi-gate MOSFETs. A Spice compatible analytic model for drain current is also proposed which shows excellent agreement with the reported results of experimentally demonstrated In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As (2×1016/cm3) GAA MOSFET. Using the proposed formula for gate capacitance in strong inversion region and drain current together with semi-numerical ballistic MOSFET model, the performance of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As (2×1016/cm3) GAA MOSFET is examined. This device is found suitable for ultra-high performance application with very high intrinsic cut-off frequency resulting from very low gate delay and very high on current and gate capacitance. The proposed analytical model of gate capacitance utilizes a modified form of co-axial cable capacitance along with the quantum capacitance limit to form a computationally efficient formula that is in well agreement with the results appeared in recent literature. On the other hand, Landauer-Buttiker formula and compact model for drain current of planar bulk-MOSFET are utilized to form the model for analytic drain current that shows excellent agreement with the experimental results appeared in the literature in recent past. The proposed model can be used for Spice modeling and circuit simulation of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As GAA MOSFET. Moreover, this model is flexible and can be modified for other high performance multi-gate nano-devices.

This paper presents the characterization of interface trap charge for 30 nm In0.53Ga0.47As channel Gate-all-around field effect transistor (GAAFET) using ALD Al203 as the oxide. The interface trap charge density (Dit) is extracted from CV model through self consistent iterations. The CV model is formulated by self consistent Schrodinger-Poisson solver. Wave function penetration effect has been considered while solving the Schrodinger equation. The result gives an intuition about the Dit profile. The difference between the initial assumed CV and the final CV demonstrates the effect of Dit on the CV profile of the device. We repeated the same for In.65Ga.35As and In.75Ga.25As and then did a comparative study of the devices. The donor-like traps dominate the Dit profile for higher mole-fraction of In in InGaAs which in our case is In0.75Ga0.25As. The stronger inversion of In-rich channels and hence, better transport characteristics is evident from these results.

The 3-D poisson's equation with eight boundary conditions is solved analytically and an analytical model of potential profile and threshold voltage for rectangular gate-all-around III–V nanowire MOSFET device is developed with quantum correction. Dependence of threshold voltage on channel width, oxide thickness, gate-length, doping and channel material composition are determined from the developed model with experimental and ATLAS verification‥ The model agrees well with experimental and simulation results and offers an insight to the device performance.

This paper presents the ballisitic current limit and gate leakage due to direct tunneling of a Rectangular Gate-all-around InGaAs Nanowire Transistor and their variation with fin width, oxide thickness and In compostion in InGaAs. Ballistic current is found to be higher (1.5×1011 Am−2) for about 20nm fin width, sub-5nm oxide thickness and In-rich InGaAs channel. On the other hand, gate leakage is prominent for sub-4nm oxide thickness, larger fin width and In-rich InGaAs.

Patients with anti–IFN-γ autoantibodies have impaired IFN-γ signaling, leading to severe disseminated infections with intracellular pathogens, especially nontuberculous mycobacteria. Disease may be severe and progressive, despite aggressive treatment. To address the underlying pathogenic IFN-γ autoantibodies we used the therapeutic monoclonal rituximab (anti-CD20) to target patient B cells. All subjects received between 8 and 12 doses of rituximab within the first year to maintain disease remission. Subsequent doses were given for relapsed infection. We report 4 patients with refractory disease treated with rituximab who had clinical and laboratory evidence of therapeutic response as determined by clearance of infection, resolution of inflammation, reduction of anti–IFN-γ autoantibody levels, and improved IFN-γ signaling.

Patients with thymic malignancy have high rates of autoimmunity leading to a variety of autoimmune diseases, most commonly myasthenia gravis caused by anti-acetylcholine receptor autoantibodies. High rates of autoantibodies to cytokines have also been described, although prevalence, spectrum, and functionality of these anti-cytokine autoantibodies are poorly defined. To better understand the presence and function of anti-cytokine autoantibodies, we created a luciferase immunoprecipitation system panel to search for autoantibodies against 39 different cytokines and examined plasma from controls (n = 30) and patients with thymic neoplasia (n = 17). In this screen, our patients showed statistically elevated, but highly heterogeneous immunoreactivity against 16 of the 39 cytokines. Some patients showed autoantibodies to multiple cytokines. Functional testing proved that autoantibodies directed against interferon-α, interferon-β, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), IL-12p35, IL-12p40, and IL-17A had biologic blocking activity in vitro. All patients with opportunistic infection showed multiple anti-cytokine autoantibodies (range 3-11), suggesting that anti-cytokine autoantibodies may be important in the pathogenesis of opportunistic infections in patients with thymic malignancy. This study was registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00001355.