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386 results on '"Rickards, H."'

1. Neuropsychiatric aspects of movement disorders

Author

Agrawal, N, Faruqui, R, Bodani, M, Cavanna, A, Rickards, H, Cavanna A, Rickards H, Agrawal, N, Faruqui, R, Bodani, M, Cavanna, A, Rickards, H, Cavanna A, and Rickards H

Abstract

Changes in movement and posture often coexist with changes in mood, cognition, and arousal in a range of brain disorders. A holistic neuropsychiatric view is needed to diagnose, manage, and research these conditions in order to discover causes and effective treatments and to design appropriate management strategies. Limitations related to the dualistic nature of the language used in this area need to be addressed in order to improve science and care.

Published
2020

5. Narcolepsy: a review

Author

Akintomide GS and Rickards H

Subjects
Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571, Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Abstract

Gbolagade Sunmaila Akintomide1, Hugh Rickards21Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Birmingham, 2Department of Neuropsychiatry, The Barberry, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UKAbstract: Narcolepsy is a lifelong sleep disorder characterized by a classic tetrad of excessive daytime sleepiness with irresistible sleep attacks, cataplexy (sudden bilateral loss of muscle tone), hypnagogic hallucination, and sleep paralysis. There are two distinct groups of patients, ie, those having narcolepsy with cataplexy and those having narcolepsy without cataplexy. Narcolepsy affects 0.05% of the population. It has a negative effect on the quality of life of its sufferers and can restrict them from certain careers and activities. There have been advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of narcolepsy. It is thought that narcolepsy with cataplexy is secondary to loss of hypothalamic hypocretin neurons in those genetically predisposed to the disorder by possession of human leukocyte antigen DQB1*0602. The diagnostic criteria for narcolepsy are based on symptoms, laboratory sleep tests, and serum levels of hypocretin. There is no cure for narcolepsy, and the present mainstay of treatment is pharmacological treatment along with lifestyle changes. Some novel treatments are also being developed and tried. This article critically appraises the evidence for diagnosis and treatment of narcolepsy.Keywords: narcolepsy, cataplexy, hypocretin, modafinil, gamma hydroxybutyrate

Published
2011

6. Reader Response: Timing and Impact of Psychiatric, Cognitive, and Motor Abnormalities in Huntington Disease

Author

Bird, T.D., Lange, H., Cruickshank, T., Dose, M., Eddy, C., Oosterloo, M., Paulsen, J.S., Reilmann, R., Rickards, H., Roos, R.A.C., and Weindl, A.

Subjects
Cognition, Huntington Disease, Humans, Neurology (clinical), Neuropsychological Tests, Article
Abstract

Objective To assess the prevalence, timing, and functional impact of psychiatric, cognitive, and motor abnormalities in Huntington disease (HD) gene carriers, we analyzed retrospective clinical data from individuals with manifest HD. Methods Clinical features of patients with HD were analyzed for 6,316 individuals in an observational study of the European Huntington's Disease Network (REGISTRY) from 161 sites across 17 countries. Data came from clinical history and the patient-completed Clinical Characteristics Questionnaire that assessed 8 symptoms: motor, cognitive, apathy, depression, perseverative/obsessive behavior, irritability, violent/aggressive behavior, and psychosis. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze relationships between symptoms and functional outcomes. Results The initial manifestation of HD is increasingly likely to be motor and less likely to be psychiatric as age at presentation increases and is independent of pathogenic CAG repeat length. The Clinical Characteristics Questionnaire captures data on nonmotor symptom prevalence that correlate specifically with validated clinical measures. Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms are common in HD gene carriers, with earlier onsets associated with longer CAG repeats. Of patients with HD, 42.4% reported at least 1 psychiatric or cognitive symptom before motor symptoms, with depression most common. Each nonmotor symptom was associated with significantly reduced total functional capacity scores. Conclusions Psychiatric and cognitive symptoms are common and functionally debilitating in HD gene carriers. They require recognition and targeting with clinical outcome measures and treatments. However, because it is impossible to distinguish confidently between nonmotor symptoms arising from HD and primary psychiatric disorders, particularly in younger premanifest patients, nonmotor symptoms should not be used to make a clinical diagnosis of HD. Trial Registration Information ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01590589

Published
2022

16. Identification of symbol digit modality test score extremes in Huntington's disease

Author

Braisch, U, Muche, R, Rothenbacher, D, Landwehrmeyer, GB, Long, JD, Bentivoglio, AR, Biunno, I, Bonelli, RM, Dunnett, SB, Illmann, T, Levey, J, Ramos-Arroyo, M, Nielsen, JE, Paivarinta, M, Sebastian, AR, Tabrizi, SJ, Vandenberghe, W, Uhrova, T, Come, A, Garde, MB, Betz, S, Capodarca, S, Wildson, SC, da Silva, V, Di Renzo, M, Finisterra, M, Genoves, C, Gilling, M, Handley, OJ, Hvalstedt, C, Koppers, K, Lamanna, C, Laura, M, Descals, AM, Monza, D, Mutze, L, Oehmen, M, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Koivisto, SP, Rindal, B, Roren, N, Sasinkova, P, Seliverstov, Y, Timewell, E, Cubillo, PT, van Walsem, MR, Witjes-Ane, MN, Yudina, E, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Braunwarth, EM, Brugger, F, Buratti, L, Hametner, EM, Hepperger, C, Holas, C, Hotter, A, Hussl, A, Larcher, B, Mahlknecht, P, Muller, C, Pinter, B, Poewe, W, Seppi, K, Sprenger, F, Wenning, G, Dupuis, M, Minet, C, Ribai, P, Van Paemel, D, Verellen-Dumoulin, C, Klempir, J, Majerova, V, Roth, J, Babiloni, B, Debruxelles, S, Duche, C, Goizet, C, Jameau, L, Lafoucriere, D, Spampinato, U, Bachoud-Levi, AC, Boisse, MF, de Langavant, LC, Lemoine, L, Morgado, G, Youssov, K, Annic, A, Barthelemy, R, De Bruycker, C, Cabaret, M, Carette, AS, Carriere, N, Decorte, E, Defebvre, L, Delliaux, M, Delval, A, Depelchin, A, Destee, A, Dewulf-Pasz, N, Dondaine, T, Dugauquier, F, Dujardin, K, Lemaire, MH, Manouvrier, S, Peter, M, Plomhause, L, Sablonniere, B, Simonin, C, Tard, C, Thibault-Tanchou, S, Vuillaume, I, Bellonet, M, Benoit, A, Blin, S, Courtin, F, Duru, C, Fasquel, V, Godefroy, O, Krystkowiak, P, Mantaux, B, Roussel, M, Tir, M, Schuler, B, Wannepain, S, Azulay, JP, Chabot, C, Delfini, M, Eusebio, A, Fluchere, F, Grosjean, H, Mundler, L, Nowak, M, Bioux, S, Bliaux, E, Girard, C, Guyant-Marechal, L, Hannequin, D, Hannier, V, Jourdain, S, Maltete, D, Pouliquen, D, Blondeau, L, Calvas, F, Cheriet, S, Delabaere, H, Demonet, JF, Pariente, J, Pierre, M, Beuth, M, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Pruss, H, Spruth, E, Thiel, S, Ellrichmannberlin, G, Herrmann, L, Hoffmann, R, Kaminski, B, Saft, C, Bosredon, C, Hunger, U, Lohle, M, Maass, A, Ossig, C, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, A, Wolz, M, Kohl, Z, Kozay, C, Ullah, J, Winkler, J, Bergmann, U, Boringer, R, Capetian, P, Kammel, G, Lambeck, J, Meier, S, Rijntjes, M, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Goerendt, I, Heinicke, W, Hidding, U, Munchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Diercks, G, Dressler, D, Francis, F, Gayde-Stephan, S, Gorzolla, H, Kramer, B, Minschke, R, Schrader, C, Tacik, P, Longinus, B, Lusebrink, A, Muhlau, M, Peinemann, A, Stadtler, M, Weindl, A, Winkelmann, J, Ziegler, C, Bechtel, N, Beckmann, H, Bohlen, S, Gopfert, N, Holzner, E, Lange, H, Reilmann, R, Rohm, S, Rumpf, S, Sass, C, Schepers, S, Weber, N, Barth, K, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Ecker, D, Geitner, C, Held, C, Kesse, A, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Lewerenz, J, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Orth, M, Schneider, A, Schwenk, D, Sussmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Klebe, S, Musacchio, T, Leypold, C, Noth, K, Cormio, C, de Tommaso, M, Franco, G, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Calandra-Buonaura, G, Capellari, S, Cortelli, P, Gallassi, R, Poda, R, Sambati, L, Scaglione, C, Maserati, MS, Agosti, C, Barlati, S, Compostella, S, Marchina, E, Padovani, A, Bertini, E, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, AM, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, di Poggio, MB, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Tamburini, T, Baake, V, van den Bogaard, SJA, Bos, R, Dumas, EM, t'Hart, EP, Kampstra, A, Roos, RAC, Schoonderbeek, A, Aaserud, O, Bjorgo, K, Borgeod, N, Dramstad, E, Fannemel, M, Frich, JC, Gorvell, PF, Heiberg, A, Lorentzen, E, Retterstol, L, Rosby, O, Sikiric, A, Stokke, B, van Walsem, M, Wehus, R, Bjornevoll, I, Sando, SB, Haug, MG, Storseth, HH, Arntsen, V, Dziadkiewicz, A, Konkel, A, Narozanska, E, Robowski, P, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Szinwelski, M, Arkuszewski, M, Blaszczyk, M, Boczarska-Jedynak, M, Ciach-Wysocka, E, Gorzkowska, A, Nska-Myga, BJ, Kaczmarczyk, A, Klodowska-Duda, G, Opala, G, Stompel, D, Banaszkiewicz, K, Bocwinska, D, Bojakowska-Jaremek, K, Dec, M, Grabska, N, Krawczyk, GM, Kubowicz, E, Malec-Litwinowicz, M, Rudzinska, M, Stenwak, A, Szczudlik, A, Szczygiel, E, Wojcik, M, Wasielewska, A, Bryl, JAA, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Samara, H, Sempolowicz, J, Sniewski, BW, Zielonka, D, Gogol, A, Janik, P, Jamrozik, Z, Kaminska, A, Kwiecinski, H, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Krysa, W, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Rola, R, Ryglewicz, D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz, H, Stepniak, I, Sulek, A, Witkowski, G, Zaremba, J, Zdzienicka, E, Ziora-Jakutowicz, K, Januario, C, Julio, F, Guedes, LC, Coelho, M, Finisterra, AM, Ferreira, JJ, Mestre, T, Mendes, T, Rosa, MM, Valadas, A, Kopishinskaya, S, Korotysh, M, Herrera, CD, Moreno, PG, Bas, J, Busquets, N, Calopa, M, Classen, SJ, Dedicha, NR, Buongiorno, MT, Maria, ADS, Munoz, E, Santacruz, P, Barbera, MA, Pardo, SA, Guia, DB, Calzado, N, Hernanz, LC, Diaz-Zorita, JPT, Catena, JL, Ferrer, PQ, Carruesco, GT, Robert, MF, Viladrich, CM, Roca, E, Idiago, JMR, Riballo, AV, Campolongo, A, de Bobadilla, RF, Bojarsky, JK, Martinez-Horta, S, Pagonabarraga, J, Perez, JP, Ribosa, R, Villa, C, Gil, MAA, Corrales, KB, Esteban, JCG, Gonzalez, A, Merino, BT, Cubo, E, Polo, CG, Mariscal, N, Romero, SG, Arbelo, JM, de Molina, RM, Martin, I, Perianez, JM, Udaeta, B, Alonso-Frech, F, Frades, B, Villanueva, MA, Sevilla, MAZ, Frech, FA, Fenollar, MD, Garcia, RGR, Villanueva, C, Bascunana, M, Ventura, MF, Ribas, GG, de Yebenes, JG, Moreno, JLLS, Barral, VM, Ruiz, PJG, Garcia, A, Lopez, RG, Barcenas, AH, Martinez-Descals, A, Martin, VP, Martinez, NR, Artiga, MJS, Sanchez, V, Pueyo, A, Gonzalez, S, Guisasola, LM, Ribacoba, MPPR, Salvador, C, Lozano, PS, Caldentey, JG, Ramirez, IL, Arques, PN, Lopera, MR, Pastor, BV, Gaston, I, Garcia-Amigot, F, Martinez-Jaurrieta, MD, Ramos-Arroyo, MA, Carrillo, F, Redondo, MTC, Mir, P, Gonzalez, LV, Moreno, JMG, Lucena, CM, Pena, JC, Redondo, L, Sanchez, VS, Fernandez, CM, Mata, MP, Lemos, MDR, Bosca, M, Burguera, JA, Vilaplana, FCBCP, Solis, P, Figuerola, BJ, Palanca, PM, Berglund, P, Constantinescu, R, Fredlund, G, Hosterey-Ugander, U, Linnsand, P, Neleborn-Lingefjard, L, Wahlstrom, J, Palhagen, S, Svenningsson, P, Paucar, M, Wallden, T, Ekwall, C, Goller, ML, Sundblom, J, Stebler, Y, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schupbach, M, Zaugg, SW, Jung, H, Petersen, J, Auer, M, Mihaylova, V, Vernon, N, Akhtar, S, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, de Souza, J, Piedad, J, Rickards, H, Wright, J, Pallett, A, Coulthard, E, Gethin, L, Hayward, B, Sieradzan, K, Wright, A, Busse, M, Butcher, C, Dunnett, S, Clenaghan, C, Hunt, S, Jones, L, Jones, U, Khalil, H, Minster, S, Owen, M, Price, K, Townhill, J, Rosser, A, Edwards, M, Ho, C, McGill, M, Porteous, M, Pearson, P, Harrower, T, Irvine, S, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, McKenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Deith, C, Ireland, J, Ritchie, S, Andrew, A, Frost, J, Noad, R, Cosgrove, J, Gallantree, D, Hamer, S, Hobson, E, Jamieson, S, Kraus, A, Longthorpe, M, Markova, I, Musgrave, H, Peacy, C, Raman, A, Rowett, L, Toscano, J, Wild, S, Yardumian, P, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Freire-Patino, D, Hallam, C, Middleton, J, Alusi, S, Davies, R, Foy, K, Gerrans, E, Leggett, H, Pate, L, Anjum, U, Coebergh, J, Eddy, C, McEntagart, M, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Andrews, T, Brown, S, Bruno, S, Doherty, K, Golding, C, Haider, S, Hensman, D, Lahiri, N, Lewis, M, Novak, M, Patel, A, Robertson, N, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Arran, N, Bek, J, Callaghan, J, Craufurd, D, Fullam, R, Howard, L, Huson, S, Johnson, L, Jones, M, Krishnamoorthy, A, Murphy, H, Oughton, E, Partington-Jones, L, Rogers, D, Sollom, A, Snowden, J, Stopford, C, Thompson, J, Tinkler, P, Trender-Gerhard, I, Verstraelen, N, Westmoreland, L, Cass, G, Davidson, L, Davison, J, Fullerton, N, Holmes, K, Komati, S, McDonnell, S, Mohammed, Z, Morgan, K, Savage, L, Singh, B, Wood, J, Chu, E, Knight, C, O'Neill, M, Das Purkayastha, D, Nemeth, AH, Siuda, G, Valentine, R, Dixon, K, Armstrong, R, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Large, S, Donovan, JO, Palmer, A, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Timings, L, Williams, J, Burn, J, Weekes, R, Craven, J, Bailey, W, Coleman, C, Haig-Brown, D, Simpson, S, Hare, M, Majeed, T, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Gill, P, Kazoka, M, Nevitt, L, Peppa, N, Quarrell, O, Taylor, C, Tidswell, K, O'Donovan, K, Agarwal, V, Anderson, M, Gunner, K, Harris, K, Hayward, E, Heywood, M, Keys, L, Kipps, C, MacKinnon, L, Smalley, S, Gowers, L, Powell, K, Bethwaite, P, Edwards, R, Fuller, K, Phillips, M, Tan, L, Burgunder, JM, Lau, PN, Pica, E, Shoulson, I, Gusella, JG, Antonijevic, I, vankammen, D, Foroud, T, Warner, J, Giuliano, J, Vetter, L, Marshall, F, Marder, K, Frucht, S, Moskowitz, C, Clouse, R, Wasserman, P, Shannon, K, Jaglin, J, Jankovic, J, Palao, A, Harrison, M, Singer, C, Quesada, M, Hersch, S, Rosas, D, Tanev, K, Malarick, K, Colcher, A, Sanchez-Ramos, J, Kostyk, S, Paulsen, J, Perlmutter, J, Tabbal, S, Ross, C, Dorsey, R, Nucifora, F, Dubinsky, R, Dubinsky, H, Suchowersky, O, Klimek, ML, Jones, R, Morgan, J, Mohlo, E, Kang, U, Agarwal, P, Factor, S, Jennings, D, Higgins, D, Adams, J, Frank, S, Saint-Hilaire, M, Diggin, M, Furtado, S, Walker, F, O'Neill, C, Quaid, K, LeDoux, M, Raymond, L, Leavitt, B, Decolongon, J, Perlman, S, Peavy, G, Goldstein, J, Kumar, R, McCusker, E, Griffith, J, Loy, C, Wheelock, V, Tempkin, T, Martin, A, Nance, M, Mallonee, W, Suter, G, Revilla, F, Gartner, M, Drazinic, C, Fitzpatrick, MJ, Panisset, M, Duff, K, Scott, B, Weiner, W, Robottom, B, Chiu, E, Yastrubetskaya, O, Churchyard, A, Greenamyre, TJ, Oakes, D, Beck, C, Robertson, S, Eaton, K, Lindsay, P, Deuel, L, MacDonald, M, Hickey, C, Muratori, L, Leserman, A, Doucette, N, Uc, E, Rodnitzky, R, Vik, S, Davis, R, Dietrich, S, Segro, V, Erickson, D, Hunt, V, Lucarelli, N, Broyles, J, Delarosa, J, Louis, E, Panegyres, P, Schmidt, A, Barton, S, Sperin, E, Testa, C, Thiede, F, Zauber, SE, McInnis, R, Welsh, C, Wesson, M, Coleman, A, and European Commission

Subjects
Adult, Male, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, COHORT, Cox hazard model, quantile regression, REGISTRY, symbol digit modalities test, Genotype, Neuropsychological Tests, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Huntington's disease, Rating scale, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Verbal fluency test, Longitudinal Studies, Genetics (clinical), Proportional Hazards Models, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Proportional hazards model, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Psychiatry and Mental health, Huntington Disease, Phenotype, Test score, Cohort, Disease Progression, Female, Observational study, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Stroop effect, Clinical psychology
Abstract

REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network and COHORT Investigators of the Huntington Study Group., Studying individuals with extreme phenotypes could facilitate the understanding of disease modification by genetic or environmental factors. Our aim was to identify Huntington's disease (HD) patients with extreme symbol digit modality test (SDMT) scores. We first examined in HD the contribution of cognitive measures of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS) in predicting clinical endpoints. The language-independent SDMT was used to identify patients performing very well or very poorly relative to their CAG and age cohort. We used data from REGISTRY and COHORT observational study participants (5,603 HD participants with CAG repeats above 39 with 13,868 visits) and of 1,006 healthy volunteers (with 2,241 visits), included to identify natural aging and education effects on cognitive measures. Separate Cox proportional hazards models with CAG, age at study entry, education, sex, UHDRS total motor score and cognitive (SDMT, verbal fluency, Stroop tests) scores as covariates were used to predict clinical endpoints. Quantile regression for longitudinal language-independent SDMT data was used for boundary (2.5% and 97.5% quantiles) estimation and extreme score analyses stratified by age, education, and CAG repeat length. Ten percent of HD participants had an extreme SDMT phenotype for at least one visit. In contrast, only about 3% of participants were consistent SDMT extremes at two or more visits. The thresholds for the one-visit and two-visit extremes can be used to classify existing and new individuals. The identification of these phenotype extremes can be useful in the search for disease modifiers., This work was in part funded by a grant from the EuropeanCommission under the 7th framework programme (RD-Connect, grantagreement number 305444).

Published
2019

22. Refractoriness to pharmacological treatment for tics: A multicenter European audit

Author

Macerollo, A, Martino, D, Cavanna, A, Gulisano, M, Hartmann, A, Hoekstra, P, Hedderly, T, Debes, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Neuner, I, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Rizzo, R, Cardona, F, Roessner, V, Macerollo A, Martino D, Cavanna A, Gulisano M, Hartmann A, Hoekstra PJ, Hedderly T, Debes NM, Muller-Vahl K, Neuner I, Porta M, Rickards H, Rizzo R, Cardona F, Roessner V, Macerollo, A, Martino, D, Cavanna, A, Gulisano, M, Hartmann, A, Hoekstra, P, Hedderly, T, Debes, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Neuner, I, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Rizzo, R, Cardona, F, Roessner, V, Macerollo A, Martino D, Cavanna A, Gulisano M, Hartmann A, Hoekstra PJ, Hedderly T, Debes NM, Muller-Vahl K, Neuner I, Porta M, Rickards H, Rizzo R, Cardona F, and Roessner V

Published
2016

24. European clinical guidelines for Tourette Syndrome and other tic disorders. Part I

Author

Cath, Danielle C., Tammy, Hedderly, Ludolph, Andrea G., Stern, Jeremy S., Tara, Murphy, Andreas, Hartmann, Virginie, Czernecki, Mary May Robertson, Davide, Martino, Munchau, A., Rizzo, R., Essts Guidelines Group Androutsos, C., Aschauer, H., Baird, G., Bos Veneman, N., Brambilla, A., Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Cath, D. c., Cavanna, A., Czernecki, V., Dehning, S., Eapter, A., Farkas, L., Gadaros, J., Hartmann, A., Hauser, E., Heyman, I., Hedderly, T., Hoekstra, P. j., Korsgaard, A., Jackson, G. m., Larsson, L., Ludolph, A. g., Martino, D., Menghetti, C., Mol Debes, N., Muller, N., Muller Vahl, K., Murphy, T., Musil, R., Nagy, P., Nurnberger, J., Oostra, B., Paschou, P., Pasquini, M., Plessen, K. j., Porta, M., Rickards, H., Robertson, M. m., Roessner, V., Rothenberger, A., Servello, D., Skov, L., Stern, J. s., Strand, G., Tarnok, Z., Termine, C., Van Der Griendt, J., Verdellen, C., Visser Vandewalle, V., Wannag, E., Wolanczyck, T., Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Utrecht University/Altrecht Academic Anxiety Outpatient Services, Tourettes Clinic-Evelina Childrens Hospital at Guys and St. Thomas', Kings Health Partners AHSC, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], UK Tourette SyndromeAssociation, Department of Neurology, St George's Hospital, Tourette SyndromeClinic, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), Centre De Référence National 'Syndrome Gilles de la Tourette', Pôle des Maladies du Système Nerveux [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Mental Health Sciences, UCL, Department of Neurological and Psychiatric Sciences, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Medical Centre, Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry, Catania University, Cath, D, Hedderly, T, Ludolph, A, Stern, J, Murphy, T, Hartmann, A, Czernecki, V, Robertson, M, Martino, D, Munchau, A, Rizzo, R, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cavanna, A, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hoekstra, P, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Plessen, K, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Roessner, V, Rothenberger, A, Servello, D, Skov, L, Strand, G, Tarnok, Z, Termine, C, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Neurochirurgie, RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro = University of Bari Aldo Moro (UNIBA), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), and University of Groningen

Subjects
YOUNG-PEOPLE, Comorbidity, Neuropsychological Tests, Guideline, Severity of Illness Index, Tourette syndrome, 0302 clinical medicine, DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Tic, Tourette, Assessment, Guidelines, medicine.diagnostic_test, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Neuropsychology, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, assessment, guidelines, tics, tourette, Tics, TEST-RETEST RELIABILITY, Psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Tourette, Physical examination, Article, SELF-REPORT, Diagnosis, Differential, 03 medical and health sciences, VERSION DISC-R, Quality of life (healthcare), medicine, Humans, Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, Psychiatry, Physical Examination, DIAGNOSTIC INTERVIEW SCHEDULE, Tic, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

International audience; A working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) has developed the first European assessment guidelines of Tourette Syndrome (TS). The available literature including national guidelines was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed in the expert group of ESSTS members. Detailed clinical assessment guidelines of tic disorders and their comorbidities in both children and adults are presented. Screening methods that might be helpful and necessary for specialists' differential diagnosis process are suggested in order to further analyse cognitive abilities, emotional functions and motor skills. Besides clinical interviews and physical examination, additional specific tools (questionnaires, checklists and neuropsychological tests) are recommended.

Published
2011

25. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II

Author

Veit, Roessner, Plessen, Kerstin J., Aribert, Rothenberger, Ludolph, Andrea G., Renata, Rizzo, Liselotte, Skov, Gerd, Strand, Stern, Jeremy S., Cristiano, Termine, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Guidelines Group Androutsos, Essts C., Aschauer, H., Baird, G., Bos Veneman, N., Brambilla, A., Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Cath, D. c., Cavanna, A. e., Czernecki, V., Dehning, S., Eapter, A., Farkas, L., Gadaros, J., Hartmann, A., Hauser, E., Heyman, I., Hedderly, T., Hoekstra, P. j., Korsgaard, A., Jackson, G. m., Larsson, L., Ludolph, A. g., Martino, D., Menghetti, C., Mol Debes, N., Muller, N., Muller Vahl, K., Munchau, A., Murphy, T., Musil, R., Nagy, P., Nurnberger, J., Oostra, B., Paschou, P., Pasquini, M., Plessen, K. j., Porta, M., Rickards, H., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M. m., Roessner, V., Rothenberger, A., Servello, D., Skov, L., Stern, J. s., Strand, G., Tarnok, Z., Termine, C., Van Der Griendt, J., Verdellen, C., Visser Vandewalle, V., Wannag, E., Wolanczyck, T., Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Dresden Medical School, Centre for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Bispebjerg, Capital Region Psychiatry, Department of Neurology, Psychiatry and Sensory Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Renata Rizzo Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psichiatry, Maternal Infantile and Radiological Sciences Department, Catania University, Department of Pediatrics, Glostrup University Hospital, Norwegian Resource Center for AD/HD, Tourette Syndrome and Narcolepsy, Ullevål University Hospital, St George's Hospital Neurology, Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Experimental Medicine, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), Roessner, V, Plessen, K, Rothenberger, A, Ludolph, A, Rizzo, R, Skov, L, Strand, G, Stern, J, Termine, C, Hoekstra, P, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hartmann, A, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Murphy, T, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Robertson, M, Servello, D, Tarnok, Z, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Neurochirurgie, and RS: MHeNs School for Mental Health and Neuroscience

Subjects
Placebo-controlled study, Pharmacologic, Guideline, PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL, Tourette syndrome, Pharmacologic treatment, DOUBLE-BLIND, 0302 clinical medicine, DEFICIT-HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, Developmental and Educational Psychology, SIMPLE MOTOR TICS, Tic, Tourette, Assessment, ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER, LONG-TERM TREATMENT, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, TRANSDERMAL NICOTINE, Tics, BOTULINUM TOXIN INJECTION, Psychology, guidelines, pharmacologic, tics, tourette, treatment, Antipsychotic Agents, medicine.medical_specialty, MEDLINE, Habit reversal training, RETROSPECTIVE CASE-NOTE, Guidelines, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Tourette, Treatment, medicine, Humans, Medicine & Public Health, Psychiatry, Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health, [SDV.MHEP.PED]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pediatrics, Tic, Evidence-based medicine, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Tic Disorders, Treatment of Tourette syndrome, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

International audience; To develop a European guideline on pharmacologic treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) the available literature was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed by a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome (ESSTS). Although there are many more studies on pharmacotherapy of TS than on behavioral treatment options, only a limited number of studies meets rigorous quality criteria. Therefore, we have devised a two-stage approach. First, we present the highest level of evidence by reporting the findings of existing Cochrane reviews in this field. Subsequently, we provide the first comprehensive overview of all reports on pharmacological treatment options for TS through a MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE search for all studies that document the effect of pharmacological treatment of TS and other tic disorders between 1970 and November 2010. We present a summary of the current consensus on pharmacological treatment options for TS in Europe to guide the clinician in daily practice. This summary is, however, rather a status quo of a clinically helpful but merely low evidence guideline, mainly driven by expert experience and opinion, since rigorous experimental studies are scarce.

Published
2011

26. Exploring the Structural Relationship Between Interviewer and Self-Rated Affective Symptoms in Huntington’s Disease

Author

Maltby, J, Dale, M, Underwood, M, Rickards, H, Callaghan, J, REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington’s Disease Network, Romano, S, Ferraldeschi, M, and Ristori, G.

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Interview, Disease, Affect (psychology), Interviews as Topic, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Huntington's disease, medicine, Humans, Psychiatry, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Mood Disorders, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Distress, Huntington Disease, Anxiety, Female, Self Report, Neurology (clinical), medicine.symptom, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Psychology, adolescent, adult, aged, aged, 80 and over, factor analysis, statistical, female, humans, huntington disease, interviews as topic, male, middle aged, mood disorders, psychiatric status rating scales, young adult, self report, medicine (all), neurology (clinical), psychiatry and mental health, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

This study explores the structural relationship between self-report and interview measures of affect in Huntington's disease. The findings suggest continued use of both to recognize the multidimensionality within a single common consideration of distress.

Published
2016

27. Suicidal ideation in a European Huntington's disease population

Author

Hubers, Aa, van Duijn, E, Roos, Ra, Craufurd, D, Rickards, H, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, G, van der Mast RC, Giltay, Ej, Bachoud Lévi AC, Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, Rm, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, Jj, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Llmann, Ti, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Levey, J, Ramos Arroyo MA, Nielsen, Je, Prokoivisto, S, Päivärinta, M, Rojo Sebastián, A, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlström, J, Barth, K, Correia Guedes, L, Finisterra, Am, Garde, Mb, Bos, R, Betz, S, Callaghan, J, Fullam, R, Ecker, D, Nielsen, Mg, Hvalstedt, C, Held, C, Koppers, K, Laurà, M, Horta, Sm, Descals, Am, Mestre, T, Minster, S, Monza, D, Mütze, L, Oehmen, M, Townhill, J, Orth, M, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Peppa, N, Pro Koivisto, S, Roedig, V, Rialland, A, Røren, N, Šašinková, P, Seliverstov, Y, Cubillo, Pt, Walsem, Mr, Wright, A, da Silva WV, Witjes Ané MN, Yudina, E, Zielonka, D, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Herranhof, B, Holl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Scheibl, M, Hecht, K, Lilek, S, Müller, N, Schöggl, H, Ullah, J, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Buratti, L, Hametner, Em, Holas, C, Hussl, A, Poewe, W, Braunwarth, Em, Sprenger, F, Müller, C, Sinadinosa, D, Walleczek, Am, Ladurner, G, Staffen, W, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Boogaerts, A, van Reijen, D, Klempíř, J, Majerová, V, Roth, J, Hartikainen, P, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Ignatius, J, Kärppä, M, Åman, J, Mustonen, A, Kajula, O, Santala, M, Allain, P, Guérid, Ma, Gohier, B, Olivier, A, Prundean, A, Scherer Gagou, C, Verny, C, Bost, M, Babiloni, B, Debruxelles, S, Duché, C, Goizet, C, Lafoucrière, D, Jameau, L, Spampinato, U, De Bruycker, C, Cabaret, M, Carette, As, Defebvre, L, Decorte, E, Delval, A, Delliaux, M, Destee, A, Dujardin, K, Peter, M, Plomhouse, L, Sablonnière, B, Simonin, C, Lemaire, Mh, Manouvrier, S, Thibault Tanchou, S, Vuillaume, I, Krystkowiak, P, Duru, C, Roussel, M, Wannepain, S, Berrissoul, H, Bellonet, M, Courtin, F, Mantaux, B, Fasquel, V, Godefroy, O, Azulay, Jp, Fluchère, F, Delfini, M, Eusebio, A, Mundler, L, Longato, N, Rudolf, G, Steinmetz, G, Tranchant, C, Wagner, C, Zimmermann, M, Marcel, C, Calvas, F, Pariente, J, Démonet, Jf, Cheriet, S, Kosinski, Cm, Milkereit, E, Probst, D, Reetz, K, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Prüß, H, Spruth, Ej, Andrich, J, Ellrichmann, G, Hoffmann, R, Kaminski, B, Saft, C, Stamm, C, Lange, H, Bosredon, C, Maass, A, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, M, Kohl, Z, Winkler, J, Capetian, P, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Goerendt, I, Hidding, U, Lewerenz, J, Münchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Diercks, G, Dressler, D, Gorzolla, H, Schrader, C, Tacik, P, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Bürk, K, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Mühlau, M, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Winkelmann, J, Ziegler, C, Bohlen, S, Hölzner, E, Reilmann, R, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Schwenk, D, Süßmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Cormio, C, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Tommaso, M, Capellari, S, Cortelli, P, Gallassi, R, Poda, R, Rizzo, G, Scaglione, C, Bertini, E, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Massaro, F, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, Am, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria, E, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Bella, D, Di Donato, S, Gellera, C, Genitrini, S, Mariotti, C, Nanetti, L, Paridi, D, Soliveri, P, Tomasello, C, De Michele, G, Di Maio, L, Salvatore, E, Rinaldi, C, Rossi, F, Massarelli, M, Roca, A, Ammendola, S, Russo, Cv, Squitieri, F, Elifani, F, Maglione, V, Di Pardo, A, Alberti, S, Griguoli, A, Amico, E, Martino, T, Petrollini, M, Catalli, C, Di Giacopo, R, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Chiara, P, Quaranta, D, Romano, Silvia, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Romano, S, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, Weert, A, Bolwijn, J, Dekker, M, Leenders, K, Kremer, Hp, Dumas, Em, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, Økland, E, Hauge, E, Tyvoll, H, Frich, J, Aaserud, O, Wehus, R, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Lorentzen, E, Koivisto, Sp, Retterstøl, L, Overland, T, Stokke, B, Sando, B, Dziadkiewicz, A, Nowak, M, Robowski, P, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Szinwelski, M, Blaszcyk, M, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Ciach Wysocka, E, Gorzkowska, A, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, Kłodowska Duda, G, Stompel, D, Banaszkiewicz, K, Boćwińska, D, Szczudlik, A, Rudzińska, M, Wójcik, M, Dec, M, Krawczyk, M, Jaremek, Kb, Szczygieł, E, Stenwak, A, Ielewska, Aw, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Sempołowicz, J, Samara, H, Wiśniewski, B, Janik, P, Gogol, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Kaminska, A, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Rola, R, Ryglewicz, D, Sienkiewicz Jarosz, H, Stępniak, I, Witkowski, G, Zdzienicka, E, Sułek, A, Krysa, W, Zieora Jakutowicz, K, Júlio, F, Januário, C, Coelho, M, Mendes, T, Valadas, A, Timóteo, Â, Costa, C, Cavaco, S, Damásio, J, Loureiro, R, Magalhães, M, Andrade, C, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, Mr, Lima, J, Massano, J, Meireles, J, Herrera, Cd, Garcia, Pm, Barrero, F, Morales, B, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, Alonso Frech, F, Perez, Mr, Fenollar, M, García, Rg, Quiroga, Pp, Rivera, Sv, Villanueva, C, Alegre, J, Bascuñana, M, Caldentey, Jg, Ventura, Mf, Ribas, Gg, Yébenes, Jg, López Sendón Moreno JL, García Ruíz PJ, Martínez Descals, A, Artiga, Mj, Sánchez, V, Guerrero, R, Bárcenas, Ah, Noguera Perea MF, Fortuna, L, Martirio, M, Torres, A, Reinante, G, Moreau, Lv, Barbera, Ma, Guia, Db, Hernanz, Lc, Catena, Jl, Sebastián, Ar, Ferrer, Pq, Carruesco, Gt, Bas, J, Busquets, N, Calopa, M, Elorza, Md, Díez AjaLópez, C, Terol, Sd, Robert, Mf, Ruíz, Bg, Casado, Ag, Martínez, Ih, Viladrich, Cm, Càrdenas, Rp, Roca, E, Llesoy, Jr, Idiago, Jm, Vergara, Mr, García, Ss, Riballo, Av, González, Sg, Guisasola, Lm, Salvador, C, San Martín ES, González, M, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Arques, Pn, Torres Rodríguez MJ, Vives, B, Gaston, I, Martinez Jaurrieta MD, Manuel, J, Moreno, G, Peña, Jc, Avarvarei, Ld, Bastida, Am, Recio, Mf, Vergé, Lr, Sánchez, Vs, Carrillo, F, Cáceres, Mt, Mir, P, Suarez, Mj, Bosca, M, Burguera, Ja, Garcia, Ac, Brugada, Fc, Martínez, Lm, Val, Jl, Loutfi, G, Olofsson, C, Stattin, El, Westman, L, Wikström, B, Lhagen, Se, Paucar, M, Svenningsson, P, Reza Soltani TW, Höglund, A, Sandström, B, Høsterey Ugander, U, Fredlund, G, Constantinescu, R, Neleborn Lingefjärd, L, Tedr off, J, Esmaeilzadeh, M, Winnberg, E, Pålhagen, S, Svennigsson, P, Riza Soltani TW, Sundblom, J, Johansson, A, Wiklund, L, Ekwall, C, Göller, Ml, Petersén, A, Reimer, J, Widner, H, Stebler, Y, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Weber, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Downie, L, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Jack, R, Matheson, K, Akhtar, S, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, Souza, J, Wright, J, Hayward, B, Sieradzan, K, Barker, Ra, O'Keefe, D, Di Pietro, A, Fisher, K, Hill, S, Mason, S, Swain, R, Valle, N, Guzman, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Butcher, C, Clenaghan, C, Dunnett, S, Handley, O, Hunt, S, Hughes, A, Johnstone, C, Jones, L, Jones, U, Khalil, H, Owen, M, Price, K, Rose, Le, Rosser, A, Porteous, M, Edwards, M, Ho, C, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Miller, J, Ritchie, S, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Harding, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Rowett, L, Gallantrae, D, Longthorpe, M, Markova, I, Raman, A, Hamer, S, Wild, S, Yarduiman, P, Chu, C, Kraus, A, Yardumian, P, Musgrave, H, Toscano, J, Jamieson, S, Hobson, E, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Middleton, J, Freire Patino, D, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Laing, H, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Santhouse, A, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Haider, S, Hensman, D, Lahiri, N, Lewis, M, Novak, M, Patel, A, Robertson, N, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Howard, L, Sollom, A, Snowden, J, Thompson, J, Jones, M, Murphy, H, Trender Gerhard, I, Rogers, D, Bek, J, Oughton, E, Johnson, L, Hare, M, Arran, N, Verstraelen, N, Partington Jones, L, Huson, S, Stopford, C, Westmoreland, L, Davidson, J, Morgan, K, Savage, L, Singh, B, Komati, S, Nemeth, Ah, Armstrong, R, Valentine, R, Siuda, G, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Burn, J, Coleman, C, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Gill, P, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Kazoka, M, O'Donovan, K, Taylor, C, Tidswell, K, Quarrell, O., Laboratoire de Psychologie des Pays de la Loire (LPPL), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR Lettres et Langages (UFRLL), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), A. A., M, E. v., Duijn, R. A., C, D., Craufurd, H., Rickard, G. B., Landwehrmeyer, R. C., Van, E. J., Giltay, R. E., G., Rinaldi, Carlo, Anna A.M. Huber, Erik van Duijn, Raymund A.C. Roo, David Craufurd, Hugh Rickard, G. Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, Rose C. van der Mast, Erik J. Giltay REGISTRY investigators of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Collaborators: Bachoud-Lévi AC, Bentivoglio AR, Biunno I, Bonelli RM, Burgunder JM, Dunnett SB, Ferreira JJ, Handley OJ, Heiberg A, llmann TI, Landwehrmeyer GB, Levey J, Ramos-Arroyo MA, Nielsen JE, ProKoivisto S, Päivärinta M, Roos RA, Rojo Sebastián A, Tabrizi SJ, Vandenberghe W, Verellen- Dumoulin C, Zaremba J, Uhrova T, Wahlström J, Barth K, Correia-Guedes L, Finisterra AM, Garde MB, Bos R, Betz S, Callaghan J, Fullam R, Ecker D, Nielsen MG, Hvalstedt C, Held C, Koppers K, Laurà M, Horta SM, Descals AM, Mestre T, Minster S, Monza D, Mütze L, Oehmen M, Townhill J, Orth M, Padieu H, Paterski L, Peppa N, Pro Koivisto S, Roedig V, Rialland A, Røren N, Šašinková P, Seliverstov Y, Cubillo PT, Walsem MR, Wright A, da Silva WV, Witjes-Ané MN, Yudina E, Zielonka D, Zielonka E, Zinzi P, Herranhof B, Holl A, Kapfhammer HP, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinger K, Scheibl M, Hecht K, Lilek S, Müller N, Schöggl H, Ullah J, Brugger F, Hepperger C, Hotter A, Seppi K, Wenning G, Buratti L, Hametner EM, Holas C, Hussl A, Poewe W, Braunwarth EM, Sprenger F, Müller C, Sinadinosa D, Walleczek AM, Ladurner G, Staffen W, Flamez A, Morez V, de Raedt S, Boogaerts A, van Reijen D, Klempíř J, Majerová V, Roth J, Hartikainen P, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Ignatius J, Kärppä M, Åman J, Mustonen A, Kajula O, Santala M, Allain P, Guérid MA, Gohier B, Olivier A, Prundean A, Scherer- Gagou C, Verny C, Bost M, Babiloni B, Debruxelles S, Duché C, Goizet C, Lafoucrière D, Jameau L, Spampinato U, De Bruycker C, Cabaret M, Carette AS, Defebvre L, Decorte E, Delval A, Delliaux M, Destee A, Dujardin K, Peter M, Plomhouse L, Sablonnière B, Simonin C, Lemaire MH, Manouvrier S, Thibault-Tanchou S, Vuillaume I, Krystkowiak P, Duru C, Roussel M, Wannepain S, Berrissoul H, Bellonet M, Courtin F, Mantaux B, Fasquel V, Godefroy O, Azulay JP, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Eusebio A, Mundler L, Longato N, Rudolf G, Steinmetz G, Tranchant C, Wagner C, Zimmermann M, Marcel C, Calvas F, Pariente J, Démonet JF, Cheriet S, Kosinski CM, Milkereit E, Probst D, Reetz K, Sass C, Schiefer J, Schlangen C, Werner CJ, Gelderblom H, Priller J, Prüß H, Spruth EJ, Andrich J, Ellrichmann G, Hoffmann R, Kaminski B, Saft C, Stamm C, Lange H, Bosredon C, Maass A, Schmidt S, Storch A, Wolz M, Kohl Z, Winkler J, Capetian P, Lambeck J, Zucker B, Boelmans K, Ganos C, Goerendt I, Hidding U, Lewerenz J, Münchau A, Schmalfeld J, Stubbe L, Zittel S, Diercks G, Dressler D, Gorzolla H, Schrader C, Tacik P, Heinicke W, Longinus B, Bürk K, Möller JC, Rissling I, Mühlau M, Peinemann A, Städtler M, Weindl A, Winkelmann J, Ziegler C, Bohlen S, Hölzner E, Reilmann R, Dose M, Leythaeuser G, Marquard R, Raab T, Schrenk C, Schuierer M, Buck A, Connemann J, Eschenbach C, Landwehrmeyer B, Lezius F, Nepper S, Niess A, Schwenk D, Süßmuth S, Trautmann S, Weydt P, Cormio C, Sciruicchio V, Serpino C, Tommaso M, Capellari S, Cortelli P, Gallassi R, Poda R, Rizzo G, Scaglione C, Bertini E, Ghelli E, Ginestroni A, Massaro F, Mechi C, Paganini M, Piacentini S, Pradella S, Romoli AM, Sorbi S, Abbruzzese G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria E, Ferrandes G, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Bella D, Di Donato S, Gellera C, Genitrini S, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Paridi D, Soliveri P, Tomasello C, De Michele G, Di Maio L, Salvatore E, Rinaldi C, Rossi F, Massarelli M, Roca A, Ammendola S, Russo CV, Squitieri F, Elifani F, Maglione V, Di Pardo A, Alberti S, Griguoli A, Amico E, Martino T, Petrollini M, Catalli C, Di Giacopo R, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Chiara P, Quaranta D, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, Weert A, Bolwijn J, Dekker M, Leenders K, Kremer HP, Dumas EM, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, van Duijn E, Økland E, Hauge E, Tyvoll H, Frich J, Aaserud O, Wehus R, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Gørvell P, Lorentzen E, Koivisto SP, Retterstøl L, Overland T, Stokke B, Sando B, Dziadkiewicz A, Nowak M, Robowski P, Sitek E, Slawek J, Soltan W, Szinwelski M, Blaszcyk M, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Ciach-Wysocka E, Gorzkowska A, Jasinska-Myga B, Opala G, Kłodowska-Duda G, Stompel D, Banaszkiewicz K, Boćwińska D, Szczudlik A, Rudzińska M, Wójcik M, Dec M, Krawczyk M, Jaremek KB, Szczygieł E, Stenwak A, ielewska AW, Bryl A, Ciesielska A, Klimberg A, Marcinkowski J, Sempołowicz J, Samara H, Wiśniewski B, Janik P, Gogol A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Kaminska A, Antczak J, Jachinska K, Rakowicz M, Richter P, Rola R, Ryglewicz D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Stępniak I, Witkowski G, Zdzienicka E, Sułek A, Krysa W, Zieora-Jakutowicz K, Júlio F, Januário C, Coelho M, Mendes T, Valadas A, Timóteo Â, Costa C, Cavaco S, Damásio J, Loureiro R, Magalhães M, Andrade C, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra MR, Lima J, Massano J, Meireles J, Herrera CD, Garcia PM, Barrero F, Morales B, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, Alonso-Frech F, Perez MR, Fenollar M, García RG, Quiroga PP, Rivera SV, Villanueva C, Alegre J, Bascuñana M, Caldentey JG, Ventura MF, Ribas GG, Yébenes JG, López-Sendón Moreno JL, García Ruíz PJ, Martínez-Descals A, Artiga MJ, Sánchez V, Guerrero R, Bárcenas AH, Noguera Perea MF, Fortuna L, Martirio M, Torres A, Reinante G, Moreau LV, Barbera MA, Guia DB, Hernanz LC, Catena JL, Sebastián AR, Ferrer PQ, Carruesco GT, Bas J, Busquets N, Calopa M, Elorza MD, Díez-AjaLópez C, Terol SD, Robert MF, Ruíz BG, Casado AG, Martínez IH, Viladrich CM, Càrdenas RP, Roca E, Llesoy JR, Idiago JM, Vergara MR, García SS, Riballo AV, González SG, Guisasola LM, Salvador C, San Martín ES, González M, Gorospe A, Legarda I, Arques PN, Torres Rodríguez MJ, Vives B, Gaston I, Martinez-Jaurrieta MD, Manuel J, Moreno G, Peña JC, Avarvarei LD, Bastida AM, Recio MF, Vergé LR, Sánchez VS, Carrillo F, Cáceres MT, Mir P, Suarez MJ, Bosca M, Burguera JA, Garcia AC, Brugada FC, Martínez LM, Val JL, Loutfi G, Olofsson C, Stattin EL, Westman L, Wikström B, lhagen SE, Paucar M, Svenningsson P, Reza- Soltani TW, Höglund A, Sandström B, Høsterey-Ugander U, Fredlund G, Constantinescu R, Neleborn-Lingefjärd L, Tedr- off J, Esmaeilzadeh M, Winnberg E, Pålhagen S, Svennigsson P, Riza-Soltani TW, Sundblom J, Johansson A, Wiklund L, Ekwall C, Göller ML, Petersén A, Reimer J, Widner H, Stebler Y, Kaelin A, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Weber S, Miedzybrodzka Z, Rae D, Downie L, Simpson S, Summers F, Ure A, Jack R, Matheson K, Akhtar S, Crooks J, Curtis A, Souza J, Rickards H, Wright J, Hayward B, Sieradzan K, Barker RA, O'Keefe D, Di Pietro A, Fisher K, Hill S, Mason S, Swain R, Valle N, Guzman, Bisson J, Busse M, Butcher C, Clenaghan C, Dunnett S, Handley O, Hunt S, Hughes A, Johnstone C, Jones L, Jones U, Khalil H, Owen M, Price K, Rose LE, Rosser A, Porteous M, Edwards M, Ho C, McGill M, Pearson P, Brockie P, Foster J, Johns N, McKenzie S, Rothery J, Thomas G, Yates S, Miller J, Ritchie S, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Harding A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Rowett L, Gallantrae D, Longthorpe M, Markova I, Raman A, Hamer S, Wild S, Yarduiman P, Chu C, Kraus A, Yardumian P, Musgrave H, Toscano J, Jamieson S, Hobson E, Clayton C, Dipple H, Middleton J, Freire-Patino D, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Laing H, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Santhouse A, Patton M, Peterson M, Rose S, Bruno S, Chu E, Doherty K, Haider S, Hensman D, Lahiri N, Lewis M, Novak M, Patel A, Robertson N, Rosser E, Tabrizi S, Taylor R, Warner T, Wild E, Craufurd D, Howard L, Sollom A, Snowden J, Thompson J, Jones M, Murphy H, Trender-Gerhard I, Rogers D, Bek J, Oughton E, Johnson L, Hare M, Arran N, Verstraelen N, Partington-Jones L, Huson S, Stopford C, Westmoreland L, Davidson J, Morgan K, Savage L, Singh B, Komati S, Nemeth AH, Armstrong R, Valentine R, Siuda G, Harrison D, Hughes M, Parkinson A, Soltysiak B, Burn J, Coleman C, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Gill P, Fairtlough H, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Kazoka M, O'Donovan K, Taylor C, Tidswell K, Quarrell O., Molecular Neuroscience and Ageing Research (MOLAR), Hubers, Aa, van Duijn, E, Roos, Ra, Craufurd, D, Rickards, H, Bernhard Landwehrmeyer, G, van der Mast, Rc, Giltay, Ej, CollaboratorsBachoud Lévi AC, REGISTRY investigators of the European Huntington's Disease N. e. t. w. o. r. k., Bentivoglio, Ar, Biunno, I, Bonelli, Rm, Burgunder, Jm, Dunnett, Sb, Ferreira, Jj, Handley, Oj, Heiberg, A, Llmann, Ti, Landwehrmeyer, Gb, Levey, J, Ramos Arroyo, Ma, Nielsen, Je, Prokoivisto, S, Päivärinta, M, Rojo Sebastián, A, Tabrizi, Sj, Vandenberghe, W, Verellen Dumoulin, C, Zaremba, J, Uhrova, T, Wahlström, J, Barth, K, Correia Guedes, L, Finisterra, Am, Garde, Mb, Bos, R, Betz, S, Callaghan, J, Fullam, R, Ecker, D, Nielsen, Mg, Hvalstedt, C, Held, C, Koppers, K, Laurà, M, Horta, Sm, Descals, Am, Mestre, T, Minster, S, Monza, D, Mütze, L, Oehmen, M, Townhill, J, Orth, M, Padieu, H, Paterski, L, Peppa, N, Pro Koivisto, S, Roedig, V, Rialland, A, Røren, N, a??inková, P, Seliverstov, Y, Cubillo, Pt, Walsem, Mr, Wright, A, da Silva, Wv, Witjes Ané, Mn, Yudina, E, Zielonka, D, Zielonka, E, Zinzi, P, Herranhof, B, Holl, A, Kapfhammer, Hp, Koppitz, M, Magnet, M, Otti, D, Painold, A, Reisinger, K, Scheibl, M, Hecht, K, Lilek, S, Müller, N, Schöggl, H, Ullah, J, Brugger, F, Hepperger, C, Hotter, A, Seppi, K, Wenning, G, Buratti, L, Hametner, Em, Holas, C, Hussl, A, Poewe, W, Braunwarth, Em, Sprenger, F, Müller, C, Sinadinosa, D, Walleczek, Am, Ladurner, G, Staffen, W, Flamez, A, Morez, V, de Raedt, S, Boogaerts, A, van Reijen, D, Klempí??, J, Majerová, V, Roth, J, Hartikainen, P, Hiivola, H, Martikainen, K, Tuuha, K, Ignatius, J, Kärppä, M, Åman, J, Mustonen, A, Kajula, O, Santala, M, Allain, P, Guérid, Ma, Gohier, B, Olivier, A, Prundean, A, Scherer Gagou, C, Verny, C, Bost, M, Babiloni, B, Debruxelles, S, Duché, C, Goizet, C, Lafoucrière, D, Jameau, L, Spampinato, U, De Bruycker, C, Cabaret, M, Carette, A, Defebvre, L, Decorte, E, Delval, A, Delliaux, M, Destee, A, Dujardin, K, Peter, M, Plomhouse, L, Sablonnière, B, Simonin, C, Lemaire, Mh, Manouvrier, S, Thibault Tanchou, S, Vuillaume, I, Krystkowiak, P, Duru, C, Roussel, M, Wannepain, S, Berrissoul, H, Bellonet, M, Courtin, F, Mantaux, B, Fasquel, V, Godefroy, O, Azulay, Jp, Fluchère, F, Delfini, M, Eusebio, A, Mundler, L, Longato, N, Rudolf, G, Steinmetz, G, Tranchant, C, Wagner, C, Zimmermann, M, Marcel, C, Calvas, F, Pariente, J, Démonet, Jf, Cheriet, S, Kosinski, Cm, Milkereit, E, Probst, D, Reetz, K, Sass, C, Schiefer, J, Schlangen, C, Werner, Cj, Gelderblom, H, Priller, J, Prüß, H, Spruth, Ej, Andrich, J, Ellrichmann, G, Hoffmann, R, Kaminski, B, Saft, C, Stamm, C, Lange, H, Bosredon, C, Maass, A, Schmidt, S, Storch, A, Wolz, M, Kohl, Z, Winkler, J, Capetian, P, Lambeck, J, Zucker, B, Boelmans, K, Ganos, C, Goerendt, I, Hidding, U, Lewerenz, J, Münchau, A, Schmalfeld, J, Stubbe, L, Zittel, S, Diercks, G, Dressler, D, Gorzolla, H, Schrader, C, Tacik, P, Heinicke, W, Longinus, B, Bürk, K, Möller, Jc, Rissling, I, Mühlau, M, Peinemann, A, Städtler, M, Weindl, A, Winkelmann, J, Ziegler, C, Bohlen, S, Hölzner, E, Reilmann, R, Dose, M, Leythaeuser, G, Marquard, R, Raab, T, Schrenk, C, Schuierer, M, Buck, A, Connemann, J, Eschenbach, C, Landwehrmeyer, B, Lezius, F, Nepper, S, Niess, A, Schwenk, D, Süßmuth, S, Trautmann, S, Weydt, P, Cormio, C, Sciruicchio, V, Serpino, C, Tommaso, M, Capellari, S, Cortelli, P, Gallassi, R, Poda, R, Rizzo, G, Scaglione, C, Bertini, E, Ghelli, E, Ginestroni, A, Massaro, F, Mechi, C, Paganini, M, Piacentini, S, Pradella, S, Romoli, Am, Sorbi, S, Abbruzzese, G, di Poggio, Mb, Di Maria, E, Ferrandes, G, Mandich, P, Marchese, R, Albanese, A, Di Bella, D, Di Donato, S, Gellera, C, Genitrini, S, Mariotti, C, Nanetti, L, Paridi, D, Soliveri, P, Tomasello, C, DE MICHELE, Giuseppe, Di Maio, L, Salvatore, Elena, Rossi, F, Massarelli, Marco, Roca, Alessandro, Ammendola, S, Russo, Cinzia, Squitieri, F, Elifani, F, Maglione, V, Di Pardo, A, Alberti, S, Griguoli, A, Amico, E, Martino, T, Petrollini, M, Catalli, C, Di Giacopo, R, Fasano, A, Frontali, M, Guidubaldi, A, Ialongo, T, Jacopini, G, Loria, G, Piano, C, Chiara, P, Quaranta, D, Romano, S, Soleti, F, Spadaro, M, Rinaldi, C, Massarelli, M, Roca, A, Russo, Cv, van Hout, M, van Vugt, Jp, Weert, A, Bolwijn, J, Dekker, M, Leenders, K, Kremer, Hp, Dumas, Em, van den Bogaard, Sj, 't Hart, Ep, Økland, E, Hauge, E, Tyvoll, H, Frich, J, Aaserud, O, Wehus, R, Bjørgo, K, Fannemel, M, Gørvell, P, Lorentzen, E, Koivisto, Sp, Retterstøl, L, Overland, T, Stokke, B, Sando, B, Dziadkiewicz, A, Nowak, M, Robowski, P, Sitek, E, Slawek, J, Soltan, W, Szinwelski, M, Blaszcyk, M, Boczarska Jedynak, M, Ciach Wysocka, E, Gorzkowska, A, Jasinska Myga, B, Opala, G, K??odowska Duda, G, Stompel, D, Banaszkiewicz, K, Bo??wi??ska, D, Szczudlik, A, Rudzi??ska, M, Wójcik, M, Dec, M, Krawczyk, M, Jaremek, Kb, Szczygie??, E, Stenwak, A, Ielewska, Aw, Bryl, A, Ciesielska, A, Klimberg, A, Marcinkowski, J, Sempo??owicz, J, Samara, H, Wi??niewski, B, Janik, P, Gogol, A, Kwiecinski, H, Jamrozik, Z, Kaminska, A, Antczak, J, Jachinska, K, Rakowicz, M, Richter, P, Rola, R, Ryglewicz, D, Sienkiewicz Jarosz, H, St??pniak, I, Witkowski, G, Zdzienicka, E, Su??ek, A, Krysa, W, Zieora Jakutowicz, K, Júlio, F, Januário, C, Coelho, M, Mendes, T, Valadas, A, Timóteo, Â, Costa, C, Cavaco, S, Damásio, J, Loureiro, R, Magalhães, M, Andrade, C, Gago, M, Garrett, C, Guerra, Mr, Lima, J, Massano, J, Meireles, J, Herrera, Cd, Garcia, Pm, Barrero, F, Morales, B, Cubo, E, Mariscal, N, Sánchez, J, Alonso Frech, F, Perez, Mr, Fenollar, M, García, Rg, Quiroga, Pp, Rivera, Sv, Villanueva, C, Alegre, J, Bascuñana, M, Caldentey, Jg, Ventura, Mf, Ribas, Gg, Yébenes, Jg, López Sendón Moreno, Jl, García Ruíz, Pj, Martínez Descals, A, Artiga, Mj, Sánchez, V, Guerrero, R, Bárcenas, Ah, Noguera Perea, Mf, Fortuna, L, Martirio, M, Torres, A, Reinante, G, Moreau, Lv, Barbera, Ma, Guia, Db, Hernanz, Lc, Catena, Jl, Sebastián, Ar, Ferrer, Pq, Carruesco, Gt, Bas, J, Busquets, N, Calopa, M, Elorza, Md, Díez AjaLópez, C, Terol, Sd, Robert, Mf, Ruíz, Bg, Casado, Ag, Martínez, Ih, Viladrich, Cm, Càrdenas, Rp, Roca, E, Llesoy, Jr, Idiago, Jm, Vergara, Mr, García, S, Riballo, Av, González, Sg, Guisasola, Lm, Salvador, C, San Martín, E, González, M, Gorospe, A, Legarda, I, Arques, Pn, Torres Rodríguez, Mj, Vives, B, Gaston, I, Martinez Jaurrieta, Md, Manuel, J, Moreno, G, Peña, Jc, Avarvarei, Ld, Bastida, Am, Recio, Mf, Vergé, Lr, Carrillo, F, Cáceres, Mt, Mir, P, Suarez, Mj, Bosca, M, Burguera, Ja, Garcia, Ac, Brugada, Fc, Martínez, Lm, Val, Jl, Loutfi, G, Olofsson, C, Stattin, El, Westman, L, Wikström, B, Lhagen, Se, Paucar, M, Svenningsson, P, Reza Soltani, Tw, Höglund, A, Sandström, B, Høsterey Ugander, U, Fredlund, G, Constantinescu, R, Neleborn Lingefjärd, L, Tedr off, J, Esmaeilzadeh, M, Winnberg, E, Pålhagen, S, Svennigsson, P, Riza Soltani, Tw, Sundblom, J, Johansson, A, Wiklund, L, Ekwall, C, Göller, Ml, Petersén, A, Reimer, J, Widner, H, Stebler, Y, Kaelin, A, Romero, I, Schüpbach, M, Weber, S, Miedzybrodzka, Z, Rae, D, Downie, L, Simpson, S, Summers, F, Ure, A, Jack, R, Matheson, K, Akhtar, S, Crooks, J, Curtis, A, Souza, J, Wright, J, Hayward, B, Sieradzan, K, Barker, Ra, O'Keefe, D, Di Pietro, A, Fisher, K, Hill, S, Mason, S, Swain, R, Valle, N, Bisson, J, Busse, M, Butcher, C, Clenaghan, C, Dunnett, S, Handley, O, Hunt, S, Hughes, A, Johnstone, C, Jones, L, Jones, U, Khalil, H, Owen, M, Price, K, Rose, Le, Rosser, A, Porteous, M, Edwards, M, Ho, C, Mcgill, M, Pearson, P, Brockie, P, Foster, J, Johns, N, Mckenzie, S, Rothery, J, Thomas, G, Yates, S, Miller, J, Ritchie, S, Burrows, L, Fletcher, A, Harding, A, Laver, F, Silva, M, Thomson, A, Rowett, L, Gallantrae, D, Longthorpe, M, Markova, I, Raman, A, Hamer, S, Wild, S, Yarduiman, P, Chu, C, Kraus, A, Yardumian, P, Musgrave, H, Toscano, J, Jamieson, S, Hobson, E, Clayton, C, Dipple, H, Middleton, J, Freire Patino, D, Andrews, T, Dougherty, A, Kavalier, F, Golding, C, Laing, H, Lashwood, A, Robertson, D, Ruddy, D, Whaite, A, Santhouse, A, Patton, M, Peterson, M, Rose, S, Bruno, S, Chu, E, Doherty, K, Haider, S, Hensman, D, Lahiri, N, Lewis, M, Novak, M, Patel, A, Robertson, N, Rosser, E, Tabrizi, S, Taylor, R, Warner, T, Wild, E, Howard, L, Sollom, A, Snowden, J, Thompson, J, Jones, M, Murphy, H, Trender Gerhard, I, Rogers, D, Bek, J, Oughton, E, Johnson, L, Hare, M, Arran, N, Verstraelen, N, Partington Jones, L, Huson, S, Stopford, C, Westmoreland, L, Davidson, J, Morgan, K, Savage, L, Singh, B, Komati, S, Nemeth, Ah, Armstrong, R, Valentine, R, Siuda, G, Harrison, D, Hughes, M, Parkinson, A, Soltysiak, B, Burn, J, Coleman, C, Bandmann, O, Bradbury, A, Gill, P, Fairtlough, H, Fillingham, K, Foustanos, I, Kazoka, M, O'Donovan, K, Taylor, C, Tidswell, K, and Quarrell, O.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Heterozygote, Psychopharmacology, Population, Poison control, psychology/statistics /&/ numerical data, Suicide, Attempted, Suicide prevention, Suicidal Ideation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, epidemiology, Europe, Psychiatry, education, Suicidal ideation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Proportional Hazards Models, Attempted, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, education.field_of_study, Psychological Tests, Suicide attempt, Psychopathology, Depression, Hazard ratio, Huntington's disease, Odds ratio, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Europe, psychology, Male, Middle Aged, Prevalence, Proportional Hazards Models, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychological Tests, Suicidal Ideation, Suicide, Clinical Psychology, Psychiatry and Mental health, Suicide, Huntington Disease, epidemiology, Female, Heterozygote, Humans, Huntington Disease, Cohort studies, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

BACKGROUND: Previous studies indicate increased prevalences of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and completed suicide in Huntington's disease (HD) compared with the general population. This study investigates correlates and predictors of suicidal ideation in HD.METHODS: The study cohort consisted of 2106 HD mutation carriers, all participating in the REGISTRY study of the European Huntington's Disease Network. Of the 1937 participants without suicidal ideation at baseline, 945 had one or more follow-up measurements. Participants were assessed for suicidal ideation by the behavioural subscale of the Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale (UHDRS). Correlates of suicidal ideation were analyzed using logistic regression analysis and predictors were analyzed using Cox regression analysis.RESULTS: At baseline, 169 (8.0%) mutation carriers endorsed suicidal ideation. Disease duration (odds ratio [OR]=0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.9-1.0), anxiety (OR=2.14; 95%CI: 1.4-3.3), aggression (OR=2.41; 95%CI: 1.5-3.8), a previous suicide attempt (OR=3.95; 95%CI: 2.4-6.6), and a depressed mood (OR=13.71; 95%CI: 6.7-28.0) were independently correlated to suicidal ideation at baseline. The 4-year cumulative incidence of suicidal ideation was 9.9%. Longitudinally, the presence of a depressed mood (hazard ratio [HR]=2.05; 95%CI: 1.1-4.0) and use of benzodiazepines (HR=2.44; 95%CI: 1.2-5.0) at baseline were independent predictors of incident suicidal ideation, whereas a previous suicide attempt was not predictive.LIMITATIONS: As suicidal ideation was assessed by only one item, and participants were a selection of all HD mutation carriers, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was likely underestimated.CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation in HD frequently occurs. Assessment of suicidal ideation is a priority in mutation carriers with a depressed mood and in those using benzodiazepines.

Published
2013

29. The possible talents of Tourette syndrome

Author

Priller, J, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Cavanna A, Priller, J, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Y.B. and O.B. are two brothers who were referred to the specialist Tourette syndrome clinic at the age of 9 and 18, respectively. Beyond apparent similarities, their clinical presentations revealed intriguing and challenging differences, which illustrate the intrinsic variety of the “compulsivity-impulsivity” spectrum characterizing the behavioral side of Tourette syndrome.

Published
2017

30. Are cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits a useful model for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders?

Author

Cavanna, AE, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Cavanna, AE, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

In this chapter, we propose a model for connecting abnormalities in a brain circuit toneuropsychiatric disorders. We then go on to test this model in two candidate disorders:obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette syndrome (GTS).Although early functional and structural imaging studies were not promising, morerecent neuroimaging studies have shown clear changes in both OCD and GTS. These datagenerally support the notion of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits as being importantin the biology of both disorders although the model is still very non-specific anddirections of causation are unknown.

Published
2013

31. A controlled study of personality and affect in Tourette syndrome

Author

Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Critchley, H, Cavanna, A, Eddy CM, Rickards H, Critchley HD, Cavanna A, Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Critchley, H, Cavanna, A, Eddy CM, Rickards H, Critchley HD, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Objective: Tourette syndrome (TS) can increase the likelihood of social and emotional difficulties which may shape an individual's personality and self-perception. We investigated personality and affect in patients with TS. Methods: Twenty-five adults with TS (2 with co-morbid obsessive compulsive disorder, 4 with co-morbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and 4 with both co-morbidities), who were not clinically depressed, and 25 matched controls participated in the study. They completed the Ten-Item Personality Index, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Adults with TS exhibited no differences from controls in reported emotional experience or depressive symptoms but did differ for four of the five assessed personality dimensions; extraversion, conscientiousness, openness and emotional stability. Individuals with pure TS (who had no co-morbid conditions) exhibited reduced extraversion and emotional stability compared to controls. Personality scores were not related to tic severity, yet lower emotional stability scores were associated with higher ratings of negative affect. Conclusions: This study is limited by a restricted sample in terms of size and source. However, our findings indicate that in the absence of depression and common co-morbidities, people with TS differ from controls in indices of personality, which are linked to negative affectivity.

Published
2013

32. Impulse control disorders in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome

Author

Wright, A, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Wright A, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Wright, A, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Wright A, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Impulse-control disorders (ICDs) are more common in clinic populations with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) than in the general population. The clinical phenomenologyof ICDs differ between men with GTS (who tend to be externally impulsive) and women with GTS (who tend to be internally impulsive). This article reviews the relevant literature to-date on impulsivity in GTS, with special focus on intermittent, explosive disorder, self-injurious behavior, trichotillomania, and impulsive-compulsive sexual behavior. The medical and legal community should be aware of the full spectrum of organically- based behaviors that may predispose patients with GTS to unwanted legal disciplinary action.

Published
2012

33. The assessment of consciousness during partial seizures

Author

Ali, F, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Ali F, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Ali, F, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Ali F, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

A wide range of controversial definitions and dynamic components surround the multi-dimensional concept of consciousness, with important reflections on the phenomenological description of ictal states relevant to epileptic seizures. The inadequacies of terminology, the insufficient emphasis on the subjective nature of consciousness, as well as the intrinsic limitations of the simple versus complex dichotomy for partial seizures, are to be considered in view of a modern definition of consciousness. In this paper, we review the difficulties encountered by clinicians in assessing the ictal conscious state in patients with epilepsy, and illustrate how a more sophisticated bi-dimensional model of consciousness can prove a valuable conceptual tool for the clinical assessment of ictal consciousness and the categorization of seizures.

Published
2012

34. Tolerability profile of aripiprazole in patients with Tourette syndrome

Author

Cavanna, A, Selvini, C, Termine, C, Luoni, C, Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Cavanna A, Selvini C, Termine C, Luoni C, Eddy CM, Rickards H., Cavanna, A, Selvini, C, Termine, C, Luoni, C, Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Cavanna A, Selvini C, Termine C, Luoni C, Eddy CM, and Rickards H.

Abstract

Over the last few years, aripiprazole has been proposed as a potentially useful medication for tics in patients with Tourette syndrome (TS). Aripiprazole has been associated with fewer adverse effects compared with other atypicals; however, little is known about its tolerability profile in the TS population. This study assessed the prevalence and characteristics of adverse effects resulting from the use of aripiprazole in a retrospective chart review of 29 patients with TS. Six patients (20.7%) discontinued aripiprazole because of the severity of specific adverse effects. The most commonly reported adverse effects were sedation (n=9, 30%) and sleep problems (n=5, 17%). In the majority of cases, adverse effects were not severe. There were no differences in demographic or clinical variables between the patients who did or did not experience adverse effects. The discontinuation rate of 20.7% suggests that aripiprazole is safe and reasonably well tolerated for use in TS. The prevalence of adverse effects appears to increase with treatment duration.

Published
2012

35. Beneficial and adverse psychotropic effects of antiepileptic drugs in patients with epilepsy: A summary of prevalence, underlying mechanisms and data limitations

Author

Piedad, J, Rickards, H, Besag, F, Cavanna, A, Piedad J, Rickards H, Besag F, Cavanna A, Piedad, J, Rickards, H, Besag, F, Cavanna, A, Piedad J, Rickards H, Besag F, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can have both beneficial and adverse psychotropic effects. They act on neurotransmitter systems, neuronal ion permeability and other targets, although the exact mechanisms are not generally fully elucidated. A systematic review of the literature reveals evidence for both positive and negative effects on depression, anxiety, aggression, psychosis and sleep in patients with epilepsy. Topiramate, vigabatrin, levetiracetam, tiagabine and zonisamide have been associated primarily with adverse psychotropic effects, whilst gabapentin, pregabalin, lacosamide and lamotrigine, in particular, have demonstrated a more beneficial psychotropic profile, especially with regard to affective symptoms. This review, however, identifies specific methodological issues with studies that have reported on the psychotropic effects of AEDs, suggesting that some of the findings might be inconclusive or unreliable because of confounding factors, particularly the presence of psychiatric history. More rigorous double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trials on larger numbers of patients with epilepsy, with clear inclusion/exclusion criteria, that are specifically designed to investigate psychotropic changes are more likely to produce results that inform clinical practice and direct future research.

Published
2012

36. Behavioral adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs in epilepsy

Author

Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Eddy CM, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Eddy CM, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Patient tolerability is a significant limiting factor in the treatment of epilepsy and adverse effect profiles often determine drug retention rates. A full appreciation of the behavioral effects of a wide range of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is therefore essential to make informed treatment decisions. In this timely review, we highlight key alterations in mood, emotional experience, and other behavioral/psychiatric features, which can exert a crucial impact on patients' quality of life and well-being. With a view to prescribing both in general and in relation to more specific clinical characteristics, the evidence reviewed indicates that the incidence and characteristics of behavioral effects may be related to age, epilepsy type, the presence of learning disability, and previous psychiatric history. Medication parameters including dosage, titration rate, efficacy in controlling seizures, and concurrent AEDs can also contribute to the occurrence of behavioral effects. However, there are a number of limitations in drawing conclusions from the available literature. These include variation in study design, treatment group, and assessment tools that lead to difficulties comparing findings across studies, and problems with the consistency of available information relating to the study methodology. Future longitudinal studies assessing the impact of tolerance or developmental change on behavioral effects and specific studies comparing the effects of commonly prescribed agents across subgroups of patients with epilepsy will make an informative contribution to the available literature. A valuable outcome of further research may be the development of specific instruments that are sensitive to the behavioral effects associated with particular AEDs.

Published
2012

37. Treatment practices in Tourette syndrome: the European perspective

Author

Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Worrall, R, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Worrall R, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Worrall, R, Rickards H, Cavanna A, and Worrall R

Abstract

Aims: National differences in licensing laws suggest that the use of medications for the treatment of Tourette syndrome differs between European countries. However, variability in prescribing practices has never been investigated. This study aims to systematically examine European prescribing practices in Tourette syndrome. Methods: All members of the European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome actively prescribing for paediatric and/or adult Tourette syndrome populations were invited to complete an online questionnaire covering pharmacological treatment of the five main symptom domains of Tourette syndrome: tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, anxiety and depression. Results: Response rates were good, with 44/57 (77%) members returning the questionnaire. Risperidone (n = 13), methylphenidate (n = 21) and sertraline (n = 17) were the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of tics, attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, respectively. However, there was a large variability in both the medication choices and the dosages used for each of these symptom domains. Conclusions: This is the first large-scale survey on prescribing habits for the pharmacological management of Tourette syndrome in Europe. In general, dopamine blockers were widely used for tics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression, obsessive-compulsive symptoms and anxiety, and stimulants for attention-deficit hyperactivity symptoms, but there was high variation within these choices. Future studies need to target specific patient groups.

Published
2012

39. The V471A polymorphism in autophagy-related gene ATG7 modifies age at onset specifically in Italian Huntington disease patients

Author

Metzger S, Walter C, Riess O, Roos RA, Nielsen JE, Craufurd D, Nguyen HP, REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington’s Disease Network:Bachoud Lévi AC, Bentivoglio AR, Biunno I, Bonelli RM, Burgunder JM, Dunnett SB, Ferreira JJ, Handley OJ, Heiberg A, Illmann T, Landwehrmeyer G, Levey J, Ramos Arroyo MA, Nielsen J, Koivisto SP, Päivärinta M, Sebastián AR, Tabrizi S, Vandenberghe W, Verellen Dumoulin C, Zaremba J, Uhrová T, Wahlström J, Barth K, Correia Guedes L, Finisterra AM, Garde MB, Bos R, Betz S, Callaghan J, Fullam R, Ecker D, Nielsen MG, Hvalstedt C, Held C, Koppers K, Laurà M, Horta SM, Descals AM, Díaz MF, Mestre T, Minster S, Monza D, Mütze L, Oehmen M, Townhill J, Orth M, Padieu H, Paterski L, Peppa N, Roedig V, Rialland A, Røren N, Šašinková P, Seliverstov Y, Cubillo PT, van Walsem MR, Wright A, Silva WV, Witjes Anné MN, Yudina E, Zielonka D, Zielonka E, Zinzi P, Herranhof B, Holl A, Kapfhammer HP, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinger K, Scheibl M, Hecht K, Lilek S, Müller N, Schöggl H, Ullah J, Ribaï P, Boogaerts A, van Reijen D, Klempíř J, Majerová V, Roth J, Hjermind L, Jacobsen O, Vinthev Jensen T, Larsen IU, Stockholm J, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Ignatius J, Kärppä M, Åman J, Mustonen A, Kajula O, Santala M, Allain P, Guérid MA, Gohier B, Olivier A, Prundean A, Scherer Gagou C, Verny C, Bost M, Babiloni B, Debruxelles S, Duché C, Goizet C, Lafoucrière D, Jameau L, Spampinato U, De Bruycker C, Cabaret M, Carette AS, Defebvre L, Decorte E, Delval A, Delliaux M, Destee A, Dujardin K, Peter M, Plomhouse L, Sablonnière B, Simonin C, Lemaire MH, Manouvrier S, Thibault Tanchou S, Vuillaume I, Krystkowiak P, Duru C, Roussel M, Wannepain S, Berrissoul H, Bellonet M, Courtin F, Mantaux B, Fasquel V, Godefroy O, Azulay JP, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Eusebio A, Mundler L, Longato N, Rudolf G, Steinmetz G, Tranchant C, Wagner C, Zimmermann MA, Marcel C, Andrich J, Ellrichmann G, Hoffmann R, Kaminski B, Saft C, Stamm C, Boelmans K, Ganos C, Goerendt I, Hidding U, Lewerenz J, Münchau A, Schmalfeld J, Stubbe L, Zittel S, Bürk K, Möller JC, Rissling I, Cormio C, Sciruicchio V, Serpino C, de Tommaso M, CAPELLARI, SABINA, CORTELLI, PIETRO, Gallassi R, PODA, ROBERTO, RIZZO, GIOVANNI, Scaglione C, Abbruzzese G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria E, Ferrandes G, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Bella D, Di Donato S, Gellera C, Genitrini S, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Paridi D, Soliveri P, Tomasello C, Squitieri F, Elifani F, Maglione V, Di Pardo A, Alberti S, Griguoli A, Amico E, Martino T, Petrollini M, Catalli C, Di Giacopo R, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Chiara P, Quaranta D, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, de Weert A, Bolwijn JJ, Dekker M, Leenders KL, Dumas EM, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, van Duijn E, Kremer B, Verstappen CC, Blinkenberg EØ, Hauge E, Tyvoll H, Frich J, Aaserud O, Wehus R, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Gørvell P, Lorentzen E, Retterstøl L, Overland T, Stokke B, Bjørnevoll I, Sando SB, Dziadkiewicz A, Nowak M, Robowski P, Sitek E, Slawek J, Soltan W, Szinwelski M, Blaszcyk M, Boczarska Jedynak M, Ciach Wysocka E, Gorzkowska A, Jasinska Myga B, Opala G, Kłodowska Duda G, Stompel D, Banaszkiewicz K, Boćwińska D, Szczudlik A, Rudzinska M, Wójcik M, Dec M, Krawczyk M, Bojakowska Jaremek K, Szczygieł E, Stenwak A, Wasielewska A, Bryl A, Ciesielska A, Klimberg A, Marcinkowski J, Sempołowicz J, Samara H, Wiśniewski B, Janik P, Gogol A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Kaminska A, Antczak J, Jachinska K, Rakowicz M, Richter P, Rola R, Ryglewicz D, Sienkiewicz Jarosz H, Stępniak I, Witkowski G, Zdzienicka E, Sułek A, Krysa W, Stepniak I, Zieora Jakutowicz K, Júlio F, Januário C, Coelho M, Mendes T, Valadas A, Andrade C, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra MR, Lima J, Massano J, Meireles J, Herrera CD, Garcia PM, Barrero F, Morales B, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, Alonso Frech F, Perez MR, Fenollar M, García RG, Pin Quiroga P, Vázquez Rivera S, Villanueva C, Alegre J, Bascuñana M, Caldentey JG, Ventura MF, Ribas GG, de Yébenes JG, Moreno JL, Ruíz PJ, Martínez Descals A, Artiga MJ, Sánchez V, Guerrero R, Bárcenas AH, Perea MF, Fortuna L, Torres MM, Reinante G, Moreau LV, Barbera MA, Guia DB, Hernanz LC, Catena JL, Ferrer PQ, Carruesco GT, Bas J, Busquets N, Calopa M, Elorza MD, López CD, Durán Sindreu Terol S, Robert MF, Ruíz BG, Casado AG, Martínez IH, Viladrich CM, Cárdenas RP, Roca E, Llesoy JR, Idiago JM, Vergara MR, García SS, Riballo AV, González SG, Guisasola LM, Salvador C, Martín ES, González M, Gorospe A, Legarda I, Arques PN, Rodríguez MJ, Vives B, Gaston I, Martinez Jaurrieta MD, Moreno JM, Peña JC, Avarvarei LD, Bastida AM, Recio MF, Vergé LR, Sánchez VS, Carrillo F, Cáceres MT, Mir P, Suarez MJ, Loutfi G, Olofsson C, Stattin EL, Westman L, Wikström B, Pålhagen SE, Paucar M, Svenningsson P, Reza Soltani TW, Höglund A, Sandström B, Høsterey Ugander U, Fredlund G, Constantinescu R, Neleborn Lingefjärd L, Stebler Y, Kaelin A, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Zaugg SW, Miedzybrodzka Z, Rae D, Downie L, Simpson S, Summers F, Ure A, Jack R, Matheson K, Akhtar S, Crooks J, Curtis A, de Souza J, Rickards H, Wright J, Barker RA, O' Keefe D, Di Pietro A, Fisher K, Goodman A, Hill S, Mason S, Swain R, Guzman NV, Bisson J, Busse M, Butcher C, Clenaghan C, Dunnett S, Handley O, Hunt S, Hughes A, Johnstone C, Jones L, Jones U, Khalil H, Owen M, Price K, Rose LE, Rosser A, Porteous M, Edwards M, Ho C, McGill M, Pearson P, Brockie P, Foster J, Johns N, McKenzie S, Rothery J, Thomas G, Yates S, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Harding A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Rowett L, Gallantrae D, Longthorpe M, Markova I, Raman A, Hamer S, Yarduiman P, Chu C, Kraus A, Wild S, Musgrave H, Toscano J, Jamieson S, Hobson E, Clayton C, Dipple H, Middleton J, Freire Patino D, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Laing H, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Santhouse A, Patton M, Peterson M, Rose S, Bruno S, Chu E, Doherty K, Haider S, Hensman D, Lahiri N, Lewis M, Novak M, Patel A, Robertson N, Rosser E, Taylor R, Warner T, Wild E, Howard L, Sollom A, Snowden J, Thompson J, Jones M, Murphy H, Trender Gerhard I, Rogers D, Bek J, Oughton E, Johnson L, Hare M, Arran N, Verstraelen N, Partington Jones L, Huson S, Stopford C, Westmoreland L, Davidson J, Morgan K, Savage L, Singh B, Komati S, Nemeth AH, Armstrong R, Valentine R, Siuda G, Harrison D, Hughes M, Parkinson A, Soltysiak B, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Gill P, Fairtlough H, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Kazoka M, O' Donovan K, Taylor C, Tidswell K, Quarrell O, Metzger S, Walter C, Riess O, Roos RA, Nielsen JE, Craufurd D, Nguyen HP, REGISTRY Investigators of the European Huntington’s Disease Network:Bachoud-Lévi AC, Bentivoglio AR, Biunno I, Bonelli RM, Burgunder JM, Dunnett SB, Ferreira JJ, Handley OJ, Heiberg A, Illmann T, Landwehrmeyer G, Levey J, Ramos-Arroyo MA, Nielsen J, Koivisto SP, Päivärinta M, Sebastián AR, Tabrizi S, Vandenberghe W, Verellen-Dumoulin C, Zaremba J, Uhrová T, Wahlström J, Barth K, Correia-Guedes L, Finisterra AM, Garde MB, Bos R, Betz S, Callaghan J, Fullam R, Ecker D, Nielsen MG, Hvalstedt C, Held C, Koppers K, Laurà M, Horta SM, Descals AM, Díaz MF, Mestre T, Minster S, Monza D, Mütze L, Oehmen M, Townhill J, Orth M, Padieu H, Paterski L, Peppa N, Roedig V, Rialland A, Røren N, Šašinková P, Seliverstov Y, Cubillo PT, van Walsem MR, Wright A, Silva WV, Witjes-Anné MN, Yudina E, Zielonka D, Zielonka E, Zinzi P, Herranhof B, Holl A, Kapfhammer HP, Koppitz M, Magnet M, Otti D, Painold A, Reisinger K, Scheibl M, Hecht K, Lilek S, Müller N, Schöggl H, Ullah J, Ribaï P, Boogaerts A, van Reijen D, Klempíř J, Majerová V, Roth J, Hjermind L, Jacobsen O, Vinthev-Jensen T, Larsen IU, Stockholm J, Hiivola H, Martikainen K, Tuuha K, Ignatius J, Kärppä M, Åman J, Mustonen A, Kajula O, Santala M, Allain P, Guérid MA, Gohier B, Olivier A, Prundean A, Scherer-Gagou C, Verny C, Bost M, Babiloni B, Debruxelles S, Duché C, Goizet C, Lafoucrière D, Jameau L, Spampinato U, De Bruycker C, Cabaret M, Carette AS, Defebvre L, Decorte E, Delval A, Delliaux M, Destee A, Dujardin K, Peter M, Plomhouse L, Sablonnière B, Simonin C, Lemaire MH, Manouvrier S, Thibault-Tanchou S, Vuillaume I, Krystkowiak P, Duru C, Roussel M, Wannepain S, Berrissoul H, Bellonet M, Courtin F, Mantaux B, Fasquel V, Godefroy O, Azulay JP, Fluchère F, Delfini M, Eusebio A, Mundler L, Longato N, Rudolf G, Steinmetz G, Tranchant C, Wagner C, Zimmermann MA, Marcel C, Andrich J, Ellrichmann G, Hoffmann R, Kaminski B, Saft C, Stamm C, Boelmans K, Ganos C, Goerendt I, Hidding U, Lewerenz J, Münchau A, Schmalfeld J, Stubbe L, Zittel S, Bürk K, Möller JC, Rissling I, Cormio C, Sciruicchio V, Serpino C, de Tommaso M, Capellari S, Cortelli P, Gallassi R, Poda R, Rizzo G, Scaglione C, Abbruzzese G, di Poggio MB, Di Maria E, Ferrandes G, Mandich P, Marchese R, Albanese A, Di Bella D, Di Donato S, Gellera C, Genitrini S, Mariotti C, Nanetti L, Paridi D, Soliveri P, Tomasello C, Squitieri F, Elifani F, Maglione V, Di Pardo A, Alberti S, Griguoli A, Amico E, Martino T, Petrollini M, Catalli C, Di Giacopo R, Fasano A, Frontali M, Guidubaldi A, Ialongo T, Jacopini G, Loria G, Piano C, Chiara P, Quaranta D, Romano S, Soleti F, Spadaro M, van Hout MS, van Vugt JP, de Weert A, Bolwijn JJ, Dekker M, Leenders KL, Dumas EM, van den Bogaard SJ, 't Hart EP, van Duijn E, Kremer B, Verstappen CC, Blinkenberg EØ, Hauge E, Tyvoll H, Frich J, Aaserud O, Wehus R, Bjørgo K, Fannemel M, Gørvell P, Lorentzen E, Retterstøl L, Overland T, Stokke B, Bjørnevoll I, Sando SB, Dziadkiewicz A, Nowak M, Robowski P, Sitek E, Slawek J, Soltan W, Szinwelski M, Blaszcyk M, Boczarska-Jedynak M, Ciach-Wysocka E, Gorzkowska A, Jasinska-Myga B, Opala G, Kłodowska-Duda G, Stompel D, Banaszkiewicz K, Boćwińska D, Szczudlik A, Rudzinska M, Wójcik M, Dec M, Krawczyk M, Bojakowska-Jaremek K, Szczygieł E, Stenwak A, Wasielewska A, Bryl A, Ciesielska A, Klimberg A, Marcinkowski J, Sempołowicz J, Samara H, Wiśniewski B, Janik P, Gogol A, Kwiecinski H, Jamrozik Z, Kaminska A, Antczak J, Jachinska K, Rakowicz M, Richter P, Rola R, Ryglewicz D, Sienkiewicz-Jarosz H, Stępniak I, Witkowski G, Zdzienicka E, Sułek A, Krysa W, Stepniak I, Zieora-Jakutowicz K, Júlio F, Januário C, Coelho M, Mendes T, Valadas A, Andrade C, Gago M, Garrett C, Guerra MR, Lima J, Massano J, Meireles J, Herrera CD, Garcia PM, Barrero F, Morales B, Cubo E, Mariscal N, Sánchez J, Alonso-Frech F, Perez MR, Fenollar M, García RG, Pin Quiroga P, Vázquez Rivera S, Villanueva C, Alegre J, Bascuñana M, Caldentey JG, Ventura MF, Ribas GG, de Yébenes JG, Moreno JL, Ruíz PJ, Martínez-Descals A, Artiga MJ, Sánchez V, Guerrero R, Bárcenas AH, Perea MF, Fortuna L, Torres MM, Reinante G, Moreau LV, Barbera MA, Guia DB, Hernanz LC, Catena JL, Ferrer PQ, Carruesco GT, Bas J, Busquets N, Calopa M, Elorza MD, López CD, Durán-Sindreu Terol S, Robert MF, Ruíz BG, Casado AG, Martínez IH, Viladrich CM, Cárdenas RP, Roca E, Llesoy JR, Idiago JM, Vergara MR, García SS, Riballo AV, González SG, Guisasola LM, Salvador C, Martín ES, González M, Gorospe A, Legarda I, Arques PN, Rodríguez MJ, Vives B, Gaston I, Martinez-Jaurrieta MD, Moreno JM, Peña JC, Avarvarei LD, Bastida AM, Recio MF, Vergé LR, Sánchez VS, Carrillo F, Cáceres MT, Mir P, Suarez MJ, Loutfi G, Olofsson C, Stattin EL, Westman L, Wikström B, Pålhagen SE, Paucar M, Svenningsson P, Reza-Soltani TW, Höglund A, Sandström B, Høsterey-Ugander U, Fredlund G, Constantinescu R, Neleborn-Lingefjärd L, Stebler Y, Kaelin A, Romero I, Schüpbach M, Zaugg SW, Miedzybrodzka Z, Rae D, Downie L, Simpson S, Summers F, Ure A, Jack R, Matheson K, Akhtar S, Crooks J, Curtis A, de Souza J, Rickards H, Wright J, Barker RA, O' Keefe D, Di Pietro A, Fisher K, Goodman A, Hill S, Mason S, Swain R, Guzman NV, Bisson J, Busse M, Butcher C, Clenaghan C, Dunnett S, Handley O, Hunt S, Hughes A, Johnstone C, Jones L, Jones U, Khalil H, Owen M, Price K, Rose LE, Rosser A, Porteous M, Edwards M, Ho C, McGill M, Pearson P, Brockie P, Foster J, Johns N, McKenzie S, Rothery J, Thomas G, Yates S, Burrows L, Fletcher A, Harding A, Laver F, Silva M, Thomson A, Rowett L, Gallantrae D, Longthorpe M, Markova I, Raman A, Hamer S, Yarduiman P, Chu C, Kraus A, Wild S, Musgrave H, Toscano J, Jamieson S, Hobson E, Clayton C, Dipple H, Middleton J, Freire-Patino D, Andrews T, Dougherty A, Kavalier F, Golding C, Laing H, Lashwood A, Robertson D, Ruddy D, Whaite A, Santhouse A, Patton M, Peterson M, Rose S, Bruno S, Chu E, Doherty K, Haider S, Hensman D, Lahiri N, Lewis M, Novak M, Patel A, Robertson N, Rosser E, Taylor R, Warner T, Wild E, Howard L, Sollom A, Snowden J, Thompson J, Jones M, Murphy H, Trender-Gerhard I, Rogers D, Bek J, Oughton E, Johnson L, Hare M, Arran N, Verstraelen N, Partington-Jones L, Huson S, Stopford C, Westmoreland L, Davidson J, Morgan K, Savage L, Singh B, Komati S, Nemeth AH, Armstrong R, Valentine R, Siuda G, Harrison D, Hughes M, Parkinson A, Soltysiak B, Bandmann O, Bradbury A, Gill P, Fairtlough H, Fillingham K, Foustanos I, Kazoka M, O' Donovan K, Taylor C, Tidswell K, and Quarrell O

Subjects
Adult, Adolescent, Genotype, Huntington, Ubiquitin-Activating Enzymes, Autophagy-Related Protein 7, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Gene Frequency, V471A polymorphism, Genetics, Autophagy, Humans, Age of Onset, Child, Biology, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Clinical Genetics, Evolutionary Biology, Computational Biology, Human Genetics, Middle Aged, Huntington Disease, Neurology, Italy, Autosomal Dominant, Child, Preschool, Genetic Polymorphism, Medicine, Population Genetics, gene ATG7, Research Article
Abstract

The cause of Huntington disease (HD) is a polyglutamine repeat expansion of more than 36 units in the huntingtin protein, which is inversely correlated with the age at onset of the disease. However, additional genetic factors are believed to modify the course and the age at onset of HD. Recently, we identified the V471A polymorphism in the autophagy-related gene ATG7, a key component of the autophagy pathway that plays an important role in HD pathogenesis, to be associated with the age at onset in a large group of European Huntington disease patients. To confirm this association in a second independent patient cohort, we analysed the ATG7 V471A polymorphism in additional 1,464 European HD patients of the "REGISTRY" cohort from the European Huntington Disease Network (EHDN). In the entire REGISTRY cohort we could not confirm a modifying effect of the ATG7 V471A polymorphism. However, analysing a modifying effect of ATG7 in these REGISTRY patients and in patients of our previous HD cohort according to their ethnic origin, we identified a significant effect of the ATG7 V471A polymorphism on the HD age at onset only in the Italian population (327 patients). In these Italian patients, the polymorphism is associated with a 6-years earlier disease onset and thus seems to have an aggravating effect. We could specify the role of ATG7 as a genetic modifier for HD particularly in the Italian population. This result affirms the modifying influence of the autophagic pathway on the course of HD, but also suggests population-specific modifying mechanisms in HD pathogenesis.

Published
2013

40. Treatment practices in ESSTS members

Author

Worrall, R, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Worrall R, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Worrall, R, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Worrall R, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Aim To systematically examine prescribing practices in Tourette syndrome (TS) among European based professionals. Method All members of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) formed the sampling frame for the current study. A total of 44 clinicians from 18 different European locations who were currently prescribing for TS completed an online survey. Results Risperidone (n=13 clinicians), methylphenidate (n=21) and sertraline (n=17) were the most commonly prescribed medications for the treatment of tics, ADHD and OCD, respectively. The vast majority of clinicians opted for SSRIs for the treatment of anxiety and depression. However, there was a large overall variability regarding both the medication choices and dosages used for each of these symptom domains. Subsequent analysis revealed differences in first-line medication choices between clinicians who prescribe for adults and clinicians who prescribe for children. For example, twice as many clinicians prescribed risperidone for children with tics (n=6) than for adults with tics (n=3). Conclusion The current results provide an indication of the pharmacological management of TS in Europe. There is a need for general consensus on treatment algorithms for the management of tics and behavioural symptoms, which target specific patient groups.

Published
2011

41. Impulse control disorders following deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: clinical aspects

Author

Demetriades, P, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Demetriades P, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Demetriades, P, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Demetriades P, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with the development of impulse control disorders (ICDs), possibly due to overstimulation of the mesolimbic system by dopaminergic medication. Preliminary reports have suggested that deep brain stimulation (DBS), a neurosurgical procedure offered to patients with treatment-resistant PD, affects ICD in a twofold way. Firstly, DBS allows a decrease in dopaminergic medication and hence causes an improvement in ICDs. Secondly, some studies have proposed that specific ICDs may develop after DBS. This paper addresses the effects of DBS on ICDs in patients with PD. A literature search identified four original studies examining a total of 182 patients for ICDs and nine case reports of 39 patients that underwent DBS and developed ICDs at some point. Data analysis from the original studies did not identify a significant difference in ICDs between patients receiving dopaminergic medication and patients on DBS, whilst the case reports showed that 56 of patients undergoing DBS had poor outcome with regards to ICDs. We discuss these ambivalent findings in the light of proposed pathogenetic mechanisms. Longitudinal, prospective studies with larger number of patients are required in order to fully understand the role of DBS on ICDs in patients with PD.

Published
2011

42. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment

Author

Roessner, V, Plessen, K, Rothenberger, A, Ludolph, A, Rizzo, R, Skov, L, Strand, G, Stern, J, Termine, C, Hoekstra, P, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hartmann, A, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Murphy, T, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Robertson, M, Servello, D, Tarnok, Z, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Roessner V, Plessen KJ, Rothenberger A, Ludolph AG, Rizzo R, Skov L, Strand G, Stern JS, Termine C, Hoekstra PJ, Androutsos C, Aschauer H, Baird G, Bos-Veneman N, Brambilla A, Cardona F, Cath DC, Cavanna A, Czernecki V, Dehning S, Eapter A, Farkas L, Gadaros J, Hartmann A, Hauser E, Heyman I, Hedderly T, Korsgaard A, Jackson GM, Larsson L, Martino D, Menghetti C, Debes NM, Muller N, Muller-Vahl K, Munchau A, Murphy T, Musil R, Nagy P, Nurnberger J, Oostra B, Paschou P, Pasquini M, Porta M, Rickards H, Robertson MM, Servello D, Tarnok Z, Van Der Griendt J, Verdellen C, Visser-Vandewalle V, Wannag E, Wolanczyck T, Roessner, V, Plessen, K, Rothenberger, A, Ludolph, A, Rizzo, R, Skov, L, Strand, G, Stern, J, Termine, C, Hoekstra, P, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hartmann, A, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Murphy, T, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Robertson, M, Servello, D, Tarnok, Z, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Roessner V, Plessen KJ, Rothenberger A, Ludolph AG, Rizzo R, Skov L, Strand G, Stern JS, Termine C, Hoekstra PJ, Androutsos C, Aschauer H, Baird G, Bos-Veneman N, Brambilla A, Cardona F, Cath DC, Cavanna A, Czernecki V, Dehning S, Eapter A, Farkas L, Gadaros J, Hartmann A, Hauser E, Heyman I, Hedderly T, Korsgaard A, Jackson GM, Larsson L, Martino D, Menghetti C, Debes NM, Muller N, Muller-Vahl K, Munchau A, Murphy T, Musil R, Nagy P, Nurnberger J, Oostra B, Paschou P, Pasquini M, Porta M, Rickards H, Robertson MM, Servello D, Tarnok Z, Van Der Griendt J, Verdellen C, Visser-Vandewalle V, Wannag E, and Wolanczyck T

Abstract

To develop a European guideline on pharmacologic treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS) the available literature was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed by a working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette syndrome (ESSTS). Although there are many more studies on pharmacotherapy of TS than on behavioral treatment options, only a limited number of studies meets rigorous quality criteria. Therefore, we have devised a two-stage approach. First, we present the highest level of evidence by reporting the findings of existing Cochrane reviews in this field. Subsequently, we provide the first comprehensive overview of all reports on pharmacological treatment options for TS through a MEDLINE, PubMed, and EMBASE search for all studies that document the effect of pharmacological treatment of TS and other tic disorders between 1970 and November 2010. We present a summary of the current consensus on pharmacological treatment options for TS in Europe to guide the clinician in daily practice. This summary is, however, rather a status quo of a clinically helpful but merely low evidence guideline, mainly driven by expert experience and opinion, since rigorous experimental studies are scarce.

Published
2011

44. Cardiovascular safety of aripiprazole and pimozide in young patients with Tourette syndrome

Author

Gulisano, M, Calì, P, Cavanna, A, Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Rizzo, R, Gulisano M, Calì PV, Cavanna A, Eddy C, Rickards H, Rizzo R., Gulisano, M, Calì, P, Cavanna, A, Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Rizzo, R, Gulisano M, Calì PV, Cavanna A, Eddy C, Rickards H, and Rizzo R.

Abstract

The pharmacotherapy for tic management in Tourette syndrome (TS) relies on neuroleptics, which have been associated with electrocardiographic abnormalities, including QTc interval prolongation. This study assessed the cardiovascular safety of the newer antipsychotic aripiprazole in comparison with the neuroleptic pimozide among young patients affected by TS. Fifty patients aged 6-18 years were assigned to either pimozide (n = 25; mean daily dose 4.4 mg/die) or aripiprazole (n = 25; 5.3 mg/die) treatment for up to 24 months. All patients underwent five serial cardiovascular assessments (baseline, 6, 12, 18 and 24 months). The group treated with pimozide showed significant changes in blood pressure (decreased), QT and QTc (both prolonged). The aripiprazole group showed changes from baseline to peak values in blood pressure (increased), whilst modifications in QT and QTc were not statistically significant. At equivalent doses, aripiprazole is characterised by a safer cardiovascular profile than pimozide, being associated with a lower frequency of QTc prolongation.

Published
2011

45. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part I: assessment

Author

Cath, D, Hedderly, T, Ludolph, A, Stern, J, Murphy, T, Hartmann, A, Czernecki, V, Robertson, M, Martino, D, Munchau, A, Rizzo, R, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cavanna, A, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hoekstra, P, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Plessen, K, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Roessner, V, Rothenberger, A, Servello, D, Skov, L, Strand, G, Tarnok, Z, Termine, C, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Cath DC, Hedderly T, Ludolph AG, Stern JS, Murphy T, Hartmann A, Czernecki V, Robertson MM, Martino D, Munchau A, Rizzo R, Androutsos C, Aschauer H, Baird G, Bos-Veneman N, Brambilla A, Cardona F, Cavanna A, Dehning S, Eapter A, Farkas L, Gadaros J, Hauser E, Heyman I, Hoekstra PJ, Korsgaard A, Jackson GM, Larsson L, Menghetti C, Debes NM, Muller N, Muller-Vahl K, Musil R, Nagy P, Nurnberger J, Oostra B, Paschou P, Pasquini M, Plessen KJ, Porta M, Rickards H, Roessner V, Rothenberger A, Servello D, Skov L, Strand G, Tarnok Z, Termine C, Van Der Griendt J, Verdellen C, Visser-Vandewalle V, Wannag E, Wolanczyck T, Cath, D, Hedderly, T, Ludolph, A, Stern, J, Murphy, T, Hartmann, A, Czernecki, V, Robertson, M, Martino, D, Munchau, A, Rizzo, R, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cavanna, A, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hoekstra, P, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Plessen, K, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Roessner, V, Rothenberger, A, Servello, D, Skov, L, Strand, G, Tarnok, Z, Termine, C, Van Der Griendt, J, Verdellen, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Cath DC, Hedderly T, Ludolph AG, Stern JS, Murphy T, Hartmann A, Czernecki V, Robertson MM, Martino D, Munchau A, Rizzo R, Androutsos C, Aschauer H, Baird G, Bos-Veneman N, Brambilla A, Cardona F, Cavanna A, Dehning S, Eapter A, Farkas L, Gadaros J, Hauser E, Heyman I, Hoekstra PJ, Korsgaard A, Jackson GM, Larsson L, Menghetti C, Debes NM, Muller N, Muller-Vahl K, Musil R, Nagy P, Nurnberger J, Oostra B, Paschou P, Pasquini M, Plessen KJ, Porta M, Rickards H, Roessner V, Rothenberger A, Servello D, Skov L, Strand G, Tarnok Z, Termine C, Van Der Griendt J, Verdellen C, Visser-Vandewalle V, Wannag E, and Wolanczyck T

Abstract

A working group of the European Society for the Study of Tourette Syndrome (ESSTS) has developed the first European assessment guidelines of Tourette Syndrome (TS). The available literature including national guidelines was thoroughly screened and extensively discussed in the expert group of ESSTS members. Detailed clinical assessment guidelines of tic disorders and their comorbidities in both children and adults are presented. Screening methods that might be helpful and necessary for specialists' differential diagnosis process are suggested in order to further analyse cognitive abilities, emotional functions and motor skills. Besides clinical interviews and physical examination, additional specific tools (questionnaires, checklists and neuropsychological tests) are recommended.

Published
2011

46. Treatment strategies for tics in Tourette syndrome

Author

Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Eddy CM, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Eddy, C, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Eddy CM, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a chronic neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by tics: repetitive, involuntary movements and vocalizations. These symptoms can have a significant impact on patients’ daily functioning across many domains. Tics tend to be most severe in child and adolescent sufferers, so their presence has the potential to impact a period of life that is both critical for learning and is often associated with the experience of greater social tension and self-consciousness than adulthood. Furthermore, control over tics that lead to physical impairment or self-injurious behaviour is of vital importance in maintaining health and quality of life. There are numerous complicating factors in the prescription of treatment for tics, due to both the side effects associated with alleviating agents and patient characteristics, such as age and comorbid conditions. This review summarizes literature pertaining to the efficacy and safety of both traditionally prescribed and more modern medications. We also discuss the merits of behavioural and surgical techniques and highlight newer emerging treatments. Although treatment response is to some extent variable, there are a number of agents that are clearly useful as first-line treatments for TS. Other interventions may be of most benefit to patients exhibiting refractory tics or more specific symptom profiles.

Published
2011

48. Consciousness: A neurological perspective

Author

Cavanna, A, Shah, S, Eddy, C, Williams, A, Rickards, H, Cavanna A, Shah S, Eddy CM, Williams A, Rickards H., Cavanna, A, Shah, S, Eddy, C, Williams, A, Rickards, H, Cavanna A, Shah S, Eddy CM, Williams A, and Rickards H.

Abstract

Consciousness is a state so essentially entwined with human experience, yet so difficult to conceptually define and measure. In this article, we explore how a bidimensional model of consciousness involving both level of arousal and subjective awareness of the contents of consciousness can be used to differentiate a range of healthy and altered conscious states. These include the different sleep stages of healthy individuals and the altered states of consciousness associated with neurological conditions such as epilepsy, vegetative state and coma. In particular, we discuss how arousal and awareness are positively correlated in normal physiological states with the exception of REM sleep, while a disturbance in this relationship is characteristic of vegetative state, minimally conscious state, complex partial seizures and sleepwalking.

Published
2011

49. The role of impulse control disorders in Tourette syndrome: An exploratory study

Author

Frank, M, Piedad, J, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Frank M, Piedad J, Rickards H, Cavanna A, Frank, M, Piedad, J, Rickards, H, Cavanna, A, Frank M, Piedad J, Rickards H, and Cavanna A

Abstract

Introduction: Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterised by the presence of multiple motor tics and one or more phonic tics, often associated with co-morbid behavioural problems. Impulse control disorders (ICDs) are a set of disorders where patients have significant difficulties in controlling their urges to perform rewarding behaviours. ICDs are expected to be common in patients with TS, as many problems reported in TS are related to difficulties in controlling impulsivity. Aims: This exploratory study aimed to determine the clinical characteristics of ICDs in adult patients with TS, and to investigate the relationship between the presence of ICDs and health-related quality of life (HR-QOL). Methods: Thirty-one patients with a diagnosis of TS were screened for ICDs using the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview (MIDI). HR-QOL was assessed using a generic instrument, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and a disease-specific scale, the Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome-Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL). Results: Twenty-three out of 31 participants (74.2%) had at least one ICD. The most common ICDs were intermittent explosive disorder (51.6%) and compulsive buying disorder (41.9%). The number of ICDs significantly correlated with reduced HR-QOL (p = 0.011) as measured by the GTS-QOL, but not by the SF-36. Conclusions: ICDs are common in patients with TS. HR-QOL measures specific to this patient population show that the presence of co-morbid ICDs results in poorer HR-QOL.

Published
2011

50. European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: Behavioural and psychosocial interventions

Author

Verdellen, C, Van De Griendt, J, Hartmann, A, Murphy, T, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Hoekstra, P, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Ludolph, A, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Plessen, K, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Rizzo, R, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rothenberger, A, Servello, D, Skov, L, Stern, J, Strand, G, Tarnok, Z, Termine, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Verdellen C, Van De Griendt J, Hartmann A, Murphy T, Androutsos C, Aschauer H, Baird G, Bos-Veneman N, Brambilla A, Cardona F, Cath DC, Cavanna A, Czernecki V, Dehning S, Eapter A, Farkas L, Gadaros J, Hauser E, Heyman I, Hedderly T, Hoekstra PJ, Korsgaard A, Jackson GM, Larsson L, Ludolph AG, Martino D, Menghetti C, Debes NM, Muller N, Muller-Vahl K, Munchau A, Musil R, Nagy P, Nurnberger J, Oostra B, Paschou P, Pasquini M, Plessen KJ, Porta M, Rickards H, Rizzo R, Robertson MM, Roessner V, Rothenberger A, Servello D, Skov L, Stern JS, Strand G, Tarnok Z, Termine C, Visser-Vandewalle V, Wannag E, Wolanczyck T, Verdellen, C, Van De Griendt, J, Hartmann, A, Murphy, T, Androutsos, C, Aschauer, H, Baird, G, Bos-Veneman, N, Brambilla, A, Cardona, F, Cath, D, Cavanna, A, Czernecki, V, Dehning, S, Eapter, A, Farkas, L, Gadaros, J, Hauser, E, Heyman, I, Hedderly, T, Hoekstra, P, Korsgaard, A, Jackson, G, Larsson, L, Ludolph, A, Martino, D, Menghetti, C, Debes, N, Muller, N, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Musil, R, Nagy, P, Nurnberger, J, Oostra, B, Paschou, P, Pasquini, M, Plessen, K, Porta, M, Rickards, H, Rizzo, R, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rothenberger, A, Servello, D, Skov, L, Stern, J, Strand, G, Tarnok, Z, Termine, C, Visser-Vandewalle, V, Wannag, E, Wolanczyck, T, Verdellen C, Van De Griendt J, Hartmann A, Murphy T, Androutsos C, Aschauer H, Baird G, Bos-Veneman N, Brambilla A, Cardona F, Cath DC, Cavanna A, Czernecki V, Dehning S, Eapter A, Farkas L, Gadaros J, Hauser E, Heyman I, Hedderly T, Hoekstra PJ, Korsgaard A, Jackson GM, Larsson L, Ludolph AG, Martino D, Menghetti C, Debes NM, Muller N, Muller-Vahl K, Munchau A, Musil R, Nagy P, Nurnberger J, Oostra B, Paschou P, Pasquini M, Plessen KJ, Porta M, Rickards H, Rizzo R, Robertson MM, Roessner V, Rothenberger A, Servello D, Skov L, Stern JS, Strand G, Tarnok Z, Termine C, Visser-Vandewalle V, Wannag E, and Wolanczyck T

Abstract

https://www.scopus.com/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-79953671767&origin=inward&txGid=f0b1b36d5709f6e790c8e38d3bd219bb#:~:text=This clinical guideline,with drug treatment.

Published
2011

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