283 results on '"Richardson, M.D."'
Search Results
2. High-volume culture and quantitative real-time PCR for the detection of Aspergillus in sputum
- Author
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Vergidis, P., Moore, C.B., Novak-Frazer, L., Rautemaa-Richardson, R., Walker, A., Denning, D.W., and Richardson, M.D.
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- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Installation and capacity of dynamically embedded plate anchors as assessed through centrifuge tests
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O’Loughlin, C.D., Blake, A.P., Richardson, M.D., Randolph, M.F., and Gaudin, C.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: diseases caused by black fungi
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Chowdhary, A., Meis, J.F., Guarro, J., de Hoog, G.S., Kathuria, S., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Akova, M., Boekhout, T., Caira, M., Guinea, J., Chakrabarti, A., Dannaoui, E., van Diepeningen, A., Freiberger, T., Groll, A.H., Hope, W.W., Johnson, E., Lackner, M., Lagrou, K., Lanternier, F., Lass-Flörl, C., Lortholary, O., Meletiadis, J., Muñoz, P., Pagano, L., Petrikkos, G., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Skiada, A., Tortorano, A.M., Ullmann, A.J., Verweij, P.E., Cornely, O.A., and Cuenca-Estrella, M.
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- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Seafloor
- Author
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Richardson, M.D., primary and Jackson, D.R., additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Performance of two Aspergillus IgG EIA assays compared with the precipitin test in chronic and allergic aspergillosis
- Author
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Baxter, C.G., Denning, D.W., Jones, A.M., Todd, A., Moore, C.B., and Richardson, M.D.
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- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: non-neutropenic adult patients
- Author
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Cornely, O.A., Bassetti, M., Calandra, T., Garbino, J., Kullberg, B.J., Lortholary, O., Meersseman, W., Akova, M., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bille, J., Castagnola, E., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Donnelly, J.P., Groll, A.H., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W.W., Jensen, H.E., Lass-Florl, C., Petrikkos, G., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Verweij, P.E., Viscoli, C., and Ullmann, A.J.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT)
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Ullmann, A.J., Akova, M., Herbrecht, R., Viscoli, C., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bassetti, M., Bille, J., Calandra, T., Castagnola, E., Cornely, O.A., Donnelly, J.P., Garbino, J., Groll, A.H., Hope, W.W., Jensen, H.E., Kullberg, B.J., Lass-Flörl, C., Lortholary, O., Meersseman, W., Petrikkos, G., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Verweij, P.E., and Cuenca-Estrella, M.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: prevention and management of invasive infections in neonates and children caused by Candida spp.
- Author
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Hope, W.W., Castagnola, E., Groll, A.H., Roilides, E., Akova, M., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bassetti, M., Bille, J., Cornely, O.A., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Donnelly, J.P., Garbino, J., Herbrecht, R., Jensen, H.E., Kullberg, B.J., Lass-Flörl, C., Lortholary, O., Meersseman, W., Petrikkos, G., Richardson, M.D., Verweij, P.E., Viscoli, C., and Ullmann, A.J.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: patients with HIV infection or AIDS
- Author
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Lortholary, O., Petrikkos, G., Akova, M., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bassetti, M., Bille, J., Calandra, T., Castagnola, E., Cornely, O.A., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Donnelly, J.P., Garbino, J., Groll, A.H., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W.W., Jensen, H.E., Kullberg, B.J., Lass-Flörl, C., Meersseman, W., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Verweij, P.E., Viscoli, C., and Ullmann, A.J.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: developing European guidelines in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases
- Author
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Ullmann, A.J., Cornely, O.A., DonneNy, J.P., Akova, M., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bassetti, M., Bille, J., Calandra, T., Castagnola, E., Garbino, J., Groll, A.H., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W.W., Jensen, H.E., Kullberg, B.J., Lass-Flörl, C., Lortholary, O., Meersseman, W., Petrikkos, G., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Verweij, P.E., Viscoli, C., and Cuenca-Estrella, M.
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- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Fundamentals of Neurologic Disease
- Author
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Davis, M.D., Larry E., primary and Pirio Richardson, M.D., Assistant P, Sarah, additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Setup following installation of dynamic anchors in normally consolidated clay
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Richardson, M.D., O'Loughlin, C.D., Randolph, M.F., and Gaudin, C.
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Offshore structures -- Design and construction ,Offshore structures -- Mechanical properties ,Clay -- Mechanical properties ,Soil stabilization -- Methods ,Earth sciences ,Engineering and manufacturing industries ,Science and technology - Abstract
This paper describes a series of centrifuge model tests designed to assess the increase in capacity of dynamic anchors due to setup in normally consolidated clay. The tests involved measurement of the vertical capacity of 1:200 reduced scale model anchors following various periods of postinstallation consolidation. The short-term capacity was shown to be dependent on the anchor impact velocity. Cavity expansion solutions for consolidation around a solid driven pile were found to provide agreement with the experimental results. A simplified capacity calculation technique predicted higher friction ratio values than is typically observed for driven piles; however, these calculations were complicated by the unusual dynamic anchor load-displacement response and uncertainty regarding the true sample shear strength. Dynamic anchor consolidation proceeds at a slower rate than for suction caissons and open-ended piles of similar equivalent diameter. However, the results indicate that depending on the site conditions, dynamically installed anchors remain a viable alternative to conventional deep-water mooring techniques. CE Database subject headings: Anchors; Offshore structures; Centrifuge models; Clays; Soil consolidation; Time dependence; Pore water pressure.
- Published
- 2009
14. Radiation damage tolerance of a novel metastable refractory high entropy alloy V2.5Cr1.2WMoCo0.04
- Author
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Patel, D., Richardson, M.D., Jim, B., Akhmadaliev, S., Goodall, R., and Gandy, A.S.
- Abstract
A novel multicomponent alloy, V2.5Cr1.2WMoCo0.04, produced from elements expected to favour a BCC crystal structure, and to be suitable for high temperature environments, was fabricated by arc melting and found to exhibit a multiphase dendritic microstructure with W-rich dendrites and V–Cr segregated to the inter-dendritic cores. The as-cast alloy displayed an apparent single-phase XRD pattern. Following heat treatment at 1187 °C for 500 h the alloy transformed into three different distinct phases - BCC, orthorhombic, and tetragonal in crystal structure. This attests to the BCC crystal structure observed in the as-cast state being metastable. The radiation damage response was investigated through room temperature 5 MeV Au+ ion irradiation studies. Metastable as-cast V2.5Cr1.2WMoCo0.04 shows good resistance to radiation induced damage up to 40 displacements per atom (dpa). 96 wt% of the as-cast single-phase BCC crystal structure remained intact, as exhibited by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) patterns, whilst the remainder of the alloy transformed into an additional BCC crystal structure with a similar lattice parameter. The exceptional phase stability seen here is attributed to a combination of self-healing processes and the BCC structure, rather than a high configurational entropy, as has been suggested for some of these multicomponent “High Entropy Alloy” types. The importance of the stability of metastable high entropy alloy phases for behaviour under irradiation is for the first time highlighted and the findings thus challenge the current understanding of phase stability after irradiation of systems like the HEAs.
- Published
- 2020
15. Meadow fescue and tetraploid perennial ryegrass--two new species for overseeding dormant bermudagrass turf
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Richardson, M.D., Hignight, K.W., Walker, R.H., Rodgers, C.A., Rush, D., McCalla, J.H., and Karcher, D.E.
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Bermuda grass -- Research ,Turfgrasses -- Research ,Tall fescue -- Research ,Agricultural industry ,Business - Abstract
Bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is often overseeded with a coolseason turfgrass to provide a green, actively growing surface for winter and early-spring sporting activities. Two grass species that have not been tested for overseeding include tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and meadow rescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). The objectives of this study were to test these two species in comparison to three standard overseeding species [diploid perennial ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass (L. perenne x L. multiflorum Lam.), and Poa trivialis L.] in three environments; Maricopa, AZ (arid), Fayetteville, AR (transition zone), and Auburn, AL (humid, subtropical). At all locations, overseeding grasses were seeded into dormant bermudagrass turf and managed according to standard overseeding practices. The tetraploid ryegrass had equal or superior turfgrass quality to all other overseeding species except the diploid ryegrass. Meadow fescue produced similar turfgrass quality to intermediate ryegrass and tetraploid ryegrass at Arkansas and Alabama, but had lower turf quality scores in Arizona. The meadow fescne and tetraploid ryegrass transitioned more quickly back to bermudagrass compared to the diploid ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass, and P. trivialis, which would be very favorable aspects of these new over-seeding grasses. These trials clearly demonstrate the potential of two new species, meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass, for overseeding dormant bermudagrass turf.
- Published
- 2007
16. Dormant seeding bermudagrass cultivars in a transition-zone environment
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Shaver, B.R., Richardson, M.D., McCalla, J.H., Karcher, D.E., and Berger, P.J.
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Grasses -- Research ,Bermuda grass -- Research ,Cultivars ,Agricultural industry ,Business - Abstract
Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pets.] is one of the most widely used turfgrasses in the southern region of the USA and is also grown extensively in other tropical and subtropical regions around the world. The development of improved seeded cultivars has stimulated new research into best management practices to produce a high quality bermudagrass stand from seed. Dormant seeding has been used for establishing cool-season turfgrasses and may be beneficial for the early establishment of seeded bermudagrass cultivars. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of dormant seeding on the establishment of two seeded bermudagrass cultivars, Riviera and Princess 77. Two seeding rates [97.6 and 48.8 kg [ha.sup.-1] pure five seed (PLS)] of each cultivar were seeded in February, March, April, and May of 2004 and 2005, with February and March considered dormant seeding dates. Date of first germination, seedling density, rate of establishment, and soil temperature data were collected for both years of the study. First germination of dormant-seeded plots was observed on 22 Apr. 2004 and 11 Apr. 2005 when soil temperatures were 13.6 and 16.2[degrees]C, respectively. Princess 77 germinated earlier than Riviera in both years of the study. Seeding date, cultivar, and seeding rate affected seedling density. Dormant-seeded plots reached full coverage as fast as or faster than traditional seeding dates in both years of the study, demonstrating that dormant seeding can be effectively used to establish bermudagrass from seed.
- Published
- 2006
17. Ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of nitrogen and neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen from common crabgrass forages sampled on seven dates in northern Arkansas
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Ogden, R.K., Coblentz, W.K., Coffey, K.P., Turner, J.E., Scarbrough, D.A., Jennings, J.A., and Richardson, M.D.
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Forage -- Nutritional aspects ,Forage -- Environmental aspects ,Forage plants -- Nutritional aspects ,Forage plants -- Environmental aspects ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris [Retz.] Koel.) is often an undesirable species in field and forage crops, but visual observations suggest that livestock prefer it to many other summer forages. The objectives of this study were to assess the nutritive value of crabgrass sampled weekly between July 11 and August 22, 2001 and then to determine ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of N and neutral detergent insoluble N (NDIN) for these forages. A secondary objective was to compare these kinetic estimates for crabgrass with those of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) as control hays. All kinetic evaluations were conducted with 5 ruminally cannulated Gelbvieh x Angus x Brangus steers (383 [+ or -] 22.7 kg). Concentrations of N for crabgrass decreased linearly (P [less than or equal to] 0.002) across sampling dates for leaf, stem, and whole-plant tissues. Conversely, percentages of the total N pool within NDIN and ADIN fractions generally increased over sampling dates in mostly linear patterns. For crabgrass, the immediately soluble portion of the total N pool (fraction A; overall mean = 54.6% of N) was greater (P < 0.001) than for all control hays. Crabgrass exhibited a more rapid N disappearance rate (overall mean = 0.093/h; expressed as a proportion disappearing/h) than that of bermudagrass (0.046/h; P < 0.001), but the disappearance rate for alfalfa N (0.223/ h) was considerably faster (P < 0.001) than for crabgrass. The effective ruminal disappearance of N was greater (P < 0.001) for crabgrass (overall mean = 85.4%) than for the alfalfa (83.3%), bermudagrass (72.3%), or orchardgrass (76.0%) control hays. For alfalfa, the ruminal disappearance rate of NDIN (0.150/h) was more rapid (P < 0.001) than for crabgrass (overall mean = 0.110/h); however, the disappearance rate for crabgrass was faster than that for bermudagrass (0.072/h; P < 0.001) or for orchardgrass (0.098/h; P = 0.010). Effective ruminal disappearance of NDIN was greater (P < 0.001) for crabgrass (overall mean = 72.0%) than for the bermudagrass (69.0%) or alfalfa hays (50.5%), but there was no difference (P = 0.865) between crabgrass and orchardgrass (72.1%). Although crabgrass forages exhibited concentrations of total N that were comparable with those of alfalfa and rates of ruminal N disappearance that were < 50% of those for the alfalfa hay control, improvements in N use efficiency relative to alfalfa are questionable because of the excessively large Fraction A for crabgrass. Key words: crabgrass, in situ disappearance kinetics, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen
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- 2006
18. Ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of dry matter and fiber in growing steers for common crabgrass forages sampled on seven dates in northern Arkansas
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Ogden, R.K., Coblentz, W.K., Coffey, K.P., Turner, J.E., Scarbrough, D.A., Jennings, J.A., and Richardson, M.D.
- Subjects
Grasses -- Nutritional aspects ,Zoology and wildlife conservation - Abstract
Southern crabgrass (Digitaria ciliaris [Retz.] Koel.) is often viewed as an undesirable weed, largely because it encroaches upon field and forage crops, gardens, and lawns. However, visual observations of livestock grazing mixed-species pastures suggest that cattle seem to prefer crabgrass to many other summer forages. The objectives of this study were to assess the nutritive value of crabgrass sampled weekly between July 11, and August 22, 2001, and then to determine ruminal in situ disappearance kinetics of DM and NDF for these crabgrass forages. A secondary objective was to compare these kinetic estimates with those of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pets.), and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) control hays. All forages were evaluated in situ using five (383 [+ or -] 22.7 kg) ruminally cannulated crossbred (Gelbvieh x Angus x Brangus) steers. Wholeplant crabgrass exhibited more rapid (P [less than or equal to] 0.002) ruminal disappearance rates of DM (overall range = 0.069 to 0.084 [h.sup.-1]) than did bermudagrass (0.054 [h.sup.-1]) and orchardgrass (0.060 [h.sup.-1]) hays, but disappearance rates were slower (P < 0.001) for crabgrass than for alfalfa hay (0.143 [h.sup.-1]). Effective ruminal disappearance of DM was greater (P < 0.001) for crabgrass (overall range = 69.3 to 75.4%) than for all the control hays. Similarly, disappearance rates of NDF for crabgrass (overall range = 0.069 to 0.086 [h.sup.-1]) were more rapid (P < 0.001) than observed for bermudagrass and orchardgrass hays; however, NDF in alfalfa disappeared at a faster (P < 0.001) rate (0.107 [h.sup.-1]) than crabgrass. These results indicate that crabgrass offers greater effective ruminal degradability of DM and NDF than orchardgrass or alfalfa of moderate quality. More importantly, it potentially offers faster and more extensive ruminal disappearance than perennial warm-season grasses typically found throughout the southeastern United States, and it should likely support improved performance by ruminant livestock in this region. Key Words: Alfalfa, Bermudagrass, Crabgrass, Fiber, In Situ Disappearance Kinetics, Orchardgrass
- Published
- 2005
19. Tolerance of seedling bermudagrass to postemergence herbicides
- Author
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McCalla, Jr., J.H., Richardson, M.D., Karcher, D.E., and Boyd, J.W.
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Grasses -- Research ,Agricultural industry ,Business ,Research - Abstract
The introduction of improved seeded cultivars of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] has generated significant interest from the turfgrass industry. An important component of successfully establishing these new cultivars will be to develop effective weed control strategies for the critical establishment period. A field study and a greenhouse study were conducted to evaluate the tolerance of several seeded bermudagrasses to commonly used postemergence herbicides at different periods of establishment. In a field study, 'Princess' bermudagrass was seeded at a rate of 48 kg [ha.sup.-1] during the early summer of 2000 and 2001. Postemergence herbicides were applied at either 1, 2, or 4 wk after emergence (WAE). Herbicide treatments included MSMA (monosodium salt of methylarsonic acid) at 1.12 kg [ha.sup.-1], metsulfuron (2[[[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-l,3,5-triazin-2yl] amino] carhoxyl] amino] sulfonyll-2-benzoic acid) at 0.021 kg [ha.sup.-1], diclofop ((±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenoxy]propanoic acid) at 1.12 kg [ha.sup.-1], dupyralid (3,6 dichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid) at 0.56 kg [ha.sup.-1], dicamba (3,6-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid) at 0.56 kg [ha.sup.-1], 2,4-D amine D [(2,4- dichhirophenoxy) acetic acid at 0.56 kg [ha.sup.-1], and quinclorac (3, 7-dichloro-8-quinolinecarboxylic acid) at 0.842 kg [ha.sup.-1]. Visual injury ratings were recorded at 3, 5, 7,15, and 30 d after treatment (DAT) and percent turfgrass cover was recorded at 30 and 60 DAT. In the greenhouse study, the same herbicides and treatments were used with the cultivars Princess, Yukon, NuMex Sahara, Jackpot, and Mirage. In both the field and greenhouse studies, there was no clear effect of application timing on the tolerance of seedling bermudagrass to herbicides. Diclofop and metsulfuron caused the highest levels of injury in both years of the field study and in the greenhouse study. The other herbicides tested caused less injury. The bermudagrass recovered from all herbicide injury by 30 d after treatment. The results from this study indicate that seedling bermudagrass is relatively tolerant of many commonly used postemergence herbicides as soon as 1 WAE. These results will be useful to turfgrass managers who are considering use of improved cultivars in various turf situations., BERMUDAGRASS (Cynodon spp.) is a widely adapted warm season turfgrass and is used in numerous applications from transition zone to tropical regions of the world (Beard, 1973). Until recently, seeded [...]
- Published
- 2004
20. Turf quality and freezing tolerance of 'Tifway' bermudagrass as affected by late-season nitrogen and trinexapac-ethyl. (Turfgrass Science)
- Author
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Richardson, M.D.
- Subjects
Turfgrasses -- Physiological aspects -- Usage -- Product information -- Equipment and supplies -- Research -- Methods ,Bermuda grass -- Research -- Product information -- Equipment and supplies -- Methods -- Physiological aspects ,Landscaping industry -- Methods -- Product information -- Equipment and supplies -- Usage -- Research -- Physiological aspects ,Turf management -- Research -- Equipment and supplies -- Product information -- Physiological aspects -- Methods ,Seed industry -- Product information -- Equipment and supplies -- Physiological aspects -- Methods -- Research ,Seeds -- Equipment and supplies -- Product information -- Usage -- Physiological aspects -- Methods -- Research ,Leisure industry -- Equipment and supplies -- Usage -- Product information -- Research -- Methods -- Physiological aspects ,Fertilizer industry -- Product information -- Equipment and supplies -- Research -- Methods -- Physiological aspects ,Fertilizers -- Product information -- Usage -- Equipment and supplies -- Methods -- Research -- Physiological aspects ,Nitrogen -- Usage -- Product information -- Equipment and supplies -- Physiological aspects -- Methods -- Research ,Agricultural industry ,Business ,Usage ,Physiological aspects ,Research ,Product information ,Methods ,Equipment and supplies - Abstract
Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] is the most widely used species for intensively managed turf sites in the southern United States and in the transition zone. However, the lack of cold tolerance in many cultivars can result in significant winter injury. There is a limited body of information in the literature regarding management of bermudagrass to enhance cold tolerance, especially as it relates to N nutrition and the use of plant growth regulators (PGRs). As such, a 2-yr field study (1998-1999 and 1999-2000) was conducted to examine the effects of late season N fertilization and trinexapac-ethyl (TE) applications on morphology, quality, and freezing tolerance of `Tifway' bermudagrass. During both years, monthly N applications were terminated on either 15 July, 15 August, or 15 September, while applications of TE were made on 15 August; 15 August and 15 September; or 15 August, 15 September, and 15 October. Late season applications of N and TE enhanced the fall green color retention of bermudagrass and promoted early spring green-up (SGU). Neither N nor TE had a consistent effect on growth and development of bermudagrass rhizomes or stolons, and neither treatment had a consistent effect on the freeze tolerance of rhizomes. However, a positive attribute of these treatments is a significant increase in the overall green period of bermudagrass (20-25 d), which can prolong the playability of high maintenance sports facilities. From these studies we have concluded that, contrary to what is commonly believed, late season applications of N did not affect the freeze tolerance of bermudagrass rhizomes., THE TRANSITION ZONE presents golf and sports turf managers with an array of problems relative to turfgrass stress tolerance and survival. Although the use of cool season turfgrasses such as [...]
- Published
- 2002
21. Quantifying turfgrass cover using digital image analysis
- Author
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Richardson, M.D., Karcher, D.E., and Purcell, L.C.
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Turfgrasses -- Research ,Digital electronics -- Research ,Image processing -- Research ,Cover crops -- Research ,Agricultural industry ,Business - Abstract
Accurate cover estimates in turfgrass research plots are often difficult to obtain because of the time involved with traditional sampling and evaluation techniques. Subjective ratings are commonly used to estimate turfgrass cover, but the data can be quite variable and difficult to reproduce. New technologies and software related to digital image analysis (DIA) may provide an alternative method to measure turfgrass parameters more accurately and efficiently than current techniques. A series of studies was conducted to determine the applicability of DIA for turfgrass cover estimates. In the first study, plots containing a range (1-16) of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] plugs of specific diameter (15.0 cm) were established to represent values of turfgrass cover from 0.75 to 12%, by 0.75% increments. Digital images (1280 by 960 pixels) were taken with a digital camera and processed for percent green color to a software package. Estimates of green turfgrass cover by DIA were highly correlated ([r.sup.2] > 0.99) to the calculated values of turfgrass cover. In a second study, DIA of turfgrass cover was compared by subjective analysis (SA) and line-intersect analysis (LIA) methods for estimating cover in eight plots of zoysiagrass (Zoysia japonica Steudel). The mean variance of percent cover determined by DIA (0.65) was significantly lower than SA (99.12) or LIA (13.18). Digital image analysis proved to be an effective means of determining turfgrass cover, producing both accurate and reproducible data. In addition, the technique effectively removes the inherent error and evaluator bias commonly associated with subjective ratings., UNDERSTANDING factors that influence establishment is an important aspect for any agricultural crop. This is especially true for turfgrasses, where improper or delayed establishment can cause significant problems that may [...]
- Published
- 2001
22. Modification and uses of endophyte-enhanced turfgrasses: a role for molecular technology
- Author
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Bacon, C.W., Richardson, M.D., and White, Jr., J.F.
- Subjects
Endophytes -- Usage -- Research -- Analysis ,Turfgrasses -- Research -- Usage ,Genetic research -- Analysis -- Usage ,Agricultural industry ,Business ,Analysis ,Usage ,Research - Abstract
Over the past decade, the significance of symbiotic fungal endophytes in turfgrasses was established as having the potential for supplementing the genetics of turfgrass improvement since endophyte-infected grasses frequently show enhanced performance. Endophyte-enhanced traits include insect and mammalian deterrence to herbivory, and often increased tolerance of drought and other abiotic stresses. However, not all endophytes are suited for use in enhancing grass performance, and only those fungi that are symptomless endophytes of grasses are currently being used. The endophytes that are of the major focus for current use include species of Neotyphodium (= Acremonium), e.g., N. coenophialum, N. lolli, and other species of Neotyphodium. The Neotyphodium endophytes do not reproduce sexually, and only produce conidia under laboratory culture, suggesting that they should be genetically stable. These endophytes can be removed from the host, transformed by molecular technology, and reinserted into the host. However, these fungi have other means for genetic variation, which might include chromosome polymorphisms, altered chromosome structures, and loss of nonessential chromosomes. Thus, the genetics related to an endophyte-enhanced trait of that turfgrass might not be stable. However, the potential for genetic engineering of the endophytes is growing nearer with recent application of DNA mediated techniques. Furthermore, genetic engineering or other approaches may soon lead to endophyte-grass associations that have further enhanced fitness or are more benign to wildlife. Before such genetically modified systems are marketed, particular attention and extensive field tests should be applied to ensure that they retain their beneficial characteristics and have truly acquired their intended improvements. Continued research into the biochemical and genetics basis of endophyte-enhanced traits should eventually identify genes that ultimately can be use for the production of transgenic grasses., Among the cultivated species of grasses, turfgrasses are grown in some of the most demanding environments on earth. High-maintenance turf is routinely exposed to repeated defoliation, traffic wear, water deficits, [...]
- Published
- 1997
23. Recognizing how adults learn: implications for principals
- Author
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Richardson, M.D. and Prickett, R.L.
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School principals -- Powers and duties ,Adult education -- Analysis ,Business ,Education - Abstract
School principals should understand that personal or professional reasons, rather than compulsion, motivate adults to learn new subjects. Principals should use andragogical concepts such as adult motivation, life-centered adult orientation and age difference provisions while educating adults. Principals should treat both their teaching and non-teaching staff as adults.
- Published
- 1994
24. Multicenter evaluation of the reproducibility of the proposed antifungal susceptibility testing method for fermentative yeasts of the Antifungal Susceptibility Testing Subcommittee of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AFST-EUCAST)
- Author
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Cuenca-Estrella, M., Moore, C.B., Barchiesi, F., Bille, J., Chryssanthou, E., Denning, D.W., Donnelly, J.P., Dromer, F., Dupont, B., Rex, J.H., Richardson, M.D., Sancak, B., Verweij, P.E., and Rodríguez-Tudela, J.L.
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Chapter 8 - The Seafloor
- Author
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Richardson, M.D. and Jackson, D.R.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Fungal nail disease: a guide to good practice (report of a Working Group of the British Society for Medical Mycology)
- Author
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Denning, D.W., Evans, E.G.V., Kibbler, C.C., Richardson, M.D., Roberts, M.M., Rogers, T.R., Warnock, D.W., and Warren, R.E.
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Onychomycosis -- Care and treatment ,Toenails -- Abnormalities ,Fingernails -- Abnormalities - Abstract
The term onychomycosis refers to fungal infection of the nails whether this is a primary event or a secondary infection of a previously diseased or traumatised nail. Infection may be […]
- Published
- 1995
27. Intensive care medicine research agenda on invasive fungal infection in critically ill patients
- Author
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Bassetti, M. Garnacho-Montero, J. Calandra, T. Kullberg, B. Dimopoulos, G. Azoulay, E. Chakrabarti, A. Kett, D. Leon, C. Ostrosky-Zeichner, L. Sanguinetti, M. Timsit, J.-F. Richardson, M.D. Shorr, A. Cornely, O.A.
- Abstract
Purpose: To describe concisely the current standards of care, major recent advances, common beliefs that have been contradicted by recent trials, areas of uncertainty, and clinical studies that need to be performed over the next decade and their expected outcomes with regard to Candida and Aspergillus infections in non-neutropenic patients in the ICU setting. Methods: A systematic review of the medical literature taking account of national and international guidelines and expert opinion. Results: Severe invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are becoming increasingly frequent in critically ill patients. Approximately 80% of IFIs are due to Candida spp. and 0.3–19% to Aspergillus spp. Recent observations emphasize the necessity of building a worldwide sentinel network to monitor the emergence of new fungal species and changes in susceptibility. Robust data on the attributable mortality are essential for the design of clinical studies with mortality endpoints. Although early antifungal therapy for Candida has been recommended in patients with risk factors, sepsis of unknown cause, and positive Candida serum biomarkers [β-1 → 3-d-glucan (BDG) and Candida albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA)], its usefulness and influence on outcome need to be confirmed. Future studies may specifically address the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with abdominal candidiasis. Better knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of antifungal molecules and tissue penetration is a key issue for intensivists. Regarding invasive aspergillosis, further investigation is needed to determine its incidence in the ICU, its relationship with influenza outbreaks, the clinical impact of rapid diagnosis, and the significance of combination treatment. Conclusions: Fundamental questions regarding IFI have to be addressed over the next decade. The clinical studies described in this research agenda should provide a template and set priorities for the clinical investigations that need to be performed. © 2017, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg and ESICM.
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- 2017
28. Fungal colonization of haematological patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy: emergence of azole-resistantSaccharomyces cerevisiae
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Salonen, J.H, Richardson, M.D, Gallacher, K, Issakainen, J, Helenius, H, Lehtonen, O.-P, and Nikoskelainen, J
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- 2000
- Full Text
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29. Fungal survelliance of an open haematology ward
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Richardson, M.D, Rennie, S, Marshall, I, Morgan, M.G, Murphy, J.A, Shankland, G.S, Watson, W.H, and Soutar, R.L
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- 2000
- Full Text
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30. Sampling of Aspergillus spores in air
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Morris, G., Kokki, M.H., Anderson, K., and Richardson, M.D.
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- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Intensive care medicine research agenda on invasive fungal infection in critically ill patients.
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Bassetti, M., Garnacho-Montero, J., Calandra, T., Kullberg, B.J., Dimopoulos, G., Azoulay, E., Chakrabarti, A, Kett, D., Leon, C., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Sanguinetti, M., Timsit, J.F., Richardson, M.D., Shorr, A., Cornely, O.A., Bassetti, M., Garnacho-Montero, J., Calandra, T., Kullberg, B.J., Dimopoulos, G., Azoulay, E., Chakrabarti, A, Kett, D., Leon, C., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Sanguinetti, M., Timsit, J.F., Richardson, M.D., Shorr, A., and Cornely, O.A.
- Abstract
1 september 2017, Contains fulltext : 182569.pdf (publisher's version ) (Closed access), PURPOSE: To describe concisely the current standards of care, major recent advances, common beliefs that have been contradicted by recent trials, areas of uncertainty, and clinical studies that need to be performed over the next decade and their expected outcomes with regard to Candida and Aspergillus infections in non-neutropenic patients in the ICU setting. METHODS: A systematic review of the medical literature taking account of national and international guidelines and expert opinion. RESULTS: Severe invasive fungal infections (IFIs) are becoming increasingly frequent in critically ill patients. Approximately 80% of IFIs are due to Candida spp. and 0.3-19% to Aspergillus spp. Recent observations emphasize the necessity of building a worldwide sentinel network to monitor the emergence of new fungal species and changes in susceptibility. Robust data on the attributable mortality are essential for the design of clinical studies with mortality endpoints. Although early antifungal therapy for Candida has been recommended in patients with risk factors, sepsis of unknown cause, and positive Candida serum biomarkers [beta-1 --> 3-D-glucan (BDG) and Candida albicans germ tube antibody (CAGTA)], its usefulness and influence on outcome need to be confirmed. Future studies may specifically address the optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for patients with abdominal candidiasis. Better knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of antifungal molecules and tissue penetration is a key issue for intensivists. Regarding invasive aspergillosis, further investigation is needed to determine its incidence in the ICU, its relationship with influenza outbreaks, the clinical impact of rapid diagnosis, and the significance of combination treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Fundamental questions regarding IFI have to be addressed over the next decade. The clinical studies described in this research agenda should provide a template and set priorities for the clinical investigations that need to be per
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- 2017
32. Prevalence of non-union and delayed union in proximal humeral fractures.
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Kamali Moaveni A., Gosling C., van Bavel D., Richardson M.D., Page R.S., Papakonstantinou M.K., Hart M.J., Farrugia R., Kamali Moaveni A., Gosling C., van Bavel D., Richardson M.D., Page R.S., Papakonstantinou M.K., Hart M.J., and Farrugia R.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: Little is known about the prevalence of proximal humeral non-union. There is disagreement on what constitutes union, delayed union and non-union. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of these complications in proximal humeral fractures (PHFs) admitted to trauma hospitals. METHODS: The Victorian Orthopaedic Trauma Outcomes Registry identified 419 cases of PHFs, of which 306 were analysed. Three upper limb orthopaedic surgeons used X-rays to classify fractures according to the Neer classification and determine union. Twelve-item Short Form Health Survey scores were used to assess patient health and wellbeing. RESULTS: Of 306 cases, 49.4% reached union. Median time to union was 100 days (confidence interval 90-121). Of these, 17.0% united by 60 days, 8.5% united by 89 days and 23.9% united after 90 days, demonstrating 'prolonged delayed union'. There were 25 non-unions with a prevalence of 8.2%, most occurring in two-part surgical neck fractures. CONCLUSION: Our cohort of largely displaced PHFs admitted to trauma hospitals had a non-union prevalence of 8.2% and an overall delayed union prevalence of 32.4%. Consensus is required on definitions of non-union and delayed union timeframes.Copyright © 2016 Royal Australasian College of Surgeons.
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- 2017
33. Growth and quality responses of low-maintenance turfgrasses to trinexapac-ethyl
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Pornaro, C., primary, Fiorio, S., additional, Macolino, S., additional, and Richardson, M.D., additional
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- 2017
- Full Text
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34. Fundamentals of Neurologic Disease
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Larry E. Davis, M.D. and Sarah Pirio Richardson, M.D., Assistant P
- Published
- 2015
35. Variations in Guideline-Concordant Breast Cancer Adjuvant Therapy in Rural Georgia
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M.P.H Gery P. Guy Jr. Ph.D., Kevin C. Ward, M.P.H. Michael Goodman M.D., Theresa W. Gillespie, Joseph Lipscomb, and M.P.H. Lisa C. Richardson M.D.
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Oncology ,Rural Population ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Georgia ,Population ,Breast Neoplasms ,Disease ,Breast cancer ,Internal medicine ,Adjuvant therapy ,Medicine ,Humans ,Quality of Care ,education ,Aged ,Quality of Health Care ,Gynecology ,education.field_of_study ,business.industry ,Medicaid ,Health Policy ,Age Factors ,Cancer ,Guideline ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Combined Modality Therapy ,United States ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Practice Guidelines as Topic ,Hormonal therapy ,Female ,Guideline Adherence ,business - Abstract
Adjuvant therapy is an important component in the management of breast cancer. Receipt of indicated adjuvant chemotherapy, radiation, and hormonal therapy significantly reduces disease recurrence and improves survival among women with early-stage breast cancer (Clarke et al. 2005; Early Breast Cancer Trialists’ Collaborative Group 2005). The National Institutes of Health (NIH) and a number of other leading medical organizations have developed evidence-based guidelines and recommendations regarding the use of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer (Eifel et al. 2001; National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2014). Despite the documented health benefits and recommendations, receipt of adjuvant therapy varies by several nonclinical factors such as race, health insurance, socioeconomic status (SES), and treatment facility characteristics (Griggs et al. 2007; Byers et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2008, 2012; Bhargava and Du 2009; Buist et al. 2009; Yen et al. 2010; Freedman et al. 2011). For example, black women have been shown to be less likely to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (Bhargava and Du 2009; Freedman et al. 2011) and hormonal therapy (Freedman et al. 2011). Compared with private insurance, having Medicaid insurance has been shown to be associated with lower rates of guideline-concordant chemotherapy (Wu et al. 2012). SES has been shown to be associated with breast cancer treatment patterns (Griggs et al. 2007; Byers et al. 2008; Wu et al. 2012), with patients of lower SES experiencing reduced rates of guideline-concordant chemo- and hormonal therapy (Wu et al. 2012). Receipt of adjuvant therapy may depend on treatment facility characteristics, with higher rates of guideline-concordance reported at American College of Surgeons’ Commission on Cancer (CoC)-approved cancer centers (Wu et al. 2012). Increasing age is inversely associated with adjuvant therapy use (Buist et al. 2009; Yen et al. 2010). Although previous studies have provided insight into the factors potentially influencing receipt of adjuvant therapy, little is known about the delivery of adjuvant therapy in nonmetropolitan settings. Rural breast cancer patients may be less likely to receive new treatments due to slower adoption of new technologies in rural locations. Rural patients may also face additional barriers to treatment, such as a lack of experienced providers, lack of technological support, and longer travel distances (Arrington et al. 2013). The present study examines the delivery of adjuvant therapy for breast cancer in the largely rural region of southwest Georgia (SWGA). Specifically, we examine the factors associated with receiving guideline-concordant (1) adjuvant chemotherapy, (2) adjuvant radiation therapy, and (3) adjuvant hormonal therapy, considered both individually and for all adjuvant therapies jointly, among SWGA breast cancer patients. This study presents an innovative approach to constructing a summary measure of “guideline-concordance” when there are multiple possible treatment components (here, different types of adjuvant therapy following breast cancer surgery) and the recommended treatment package for a patient is conditional on her particular clinical circumstances. Whether a patient is guideline-concordant, so defined, becomes an important indicator of the quality of cancer care. Because the summary measure is a two-level (Yes/No) variable, the patient- and provider-level determinants of variations in guideline-concordance can thus be investigated directly through binary logistic regression. In addition, this study examines guideline-concordance in breast cancer treatment within an important and relatively understudied segment of the U.S. population.
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- 2014
36. Method for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration broth dilution of fermentative yeasts
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Rodriguez-Tudela, J.L., Barchiesi, F., Bille, J., Chryssanthou, E., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Denning, D.W., Donnelly, J.P., Dupont, B., Fegeler, W., Moore, C.B., Richardson, M.D., and Verweij, P.E.
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Immunotherapy, gene therapy and transplantation [UMCN 1.4] - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext
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- 2003
37. ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of systemic phaeohyphomycosis: Diseases caused by black fungi
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Chowdhary, A. Meis, J.F. Guarro, J. de Hoog, G.S. Kathuria, S. Arendrup, M.C. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Akova, M. Boekhout, T. Caira, M. Guinea, J. Chakrabarti, A. Dannaoui, E. van Diepeningen, A. Freiberger, T. Groll, A.H. Hope, W.W. Johnson, E. Lackner, M. Lagrou, K. Lanternier, F. Lass-Flörl, C. Lortholary, O. Meletiadis, J. Muñoz, P. Pagano, L. Petrikkos, G. Richardson, M.D. Roilides, E. Skiada, A. Tortorano, A.M. Ullmann, A.J. Verweij, P.E. Cornely, O.A. Cuenca-Estrella, M.
- Abstract
The aetiological agents of many invasive fungal infections are saprobes and opportunistic pathogens. Some of these fungi are darkly pigmented due to melanin production and traditionally have been named 'dematiaceous'. The melanized fungi cause a wide array of clinical syndromes ranging from superficial to deep-seated infections. Diagnosis relies on histopathological examination of clinical specimens and on examination of cultures. Sequencing is recommended for accurate species identification, especially for unusual or newly described pathogens. In cases of mycetoma and chromoblastomycosis, pathognomonic histological findings are useful and the Fontana-Masson stain, specific for melanin, usually confirms the diagnosis. There are no standardized therapies but voriconazole, posaconazole and itraconazole demonstrate the most consistent in vitro activity against this group of fungi. Oral itraconazole has been considered the drug of choice, given the extensive clinical experience with this drug. However, voriconazole may presumably be superior for central nervous system infections because of its ability to achieve good levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Posaconazole is a well-tolerated alternative drug, backed by less clinical experience but with excellent salvage treatment results after failure of other antifungals. Amphotericin B has been useful as alternative therapy in some cases. Combination antifungal therapy is recommended for cerebral abscesses when surgery is not possible and for disseminated infections in immunocompromised patients. © 2014 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2014
38. ESCMID and ECMM joint clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and management of rare invasive yeast infections
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Arendrup, M.C. Boekhout, T. Akova, M. Meis, J.F. Cornely, O.A. Lortholary, O. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Cuenca-Estrella, M. Dannaoui, E. van Diepeningen, A.D. Groll, A.H. Guarro, J. Guinea, J. Hope, W. Lackner, M. Lass-Flörl, C. Lagrou, K. Lanternier, F. Meletiadis, J. Munoz, P. Pagano, L. Richardson, M.D. Roilides, E. Tortorano, A.M. Ullmann, A.J.
- Abstract
The mortality associated with invasive fungal infections remains high with that involving rare yeast pathogens other than Candida being no exception. This is in part due to the severe underlying conditions typically predisposing patients to these healthcare-related infections (most often severe neutropenia in patients with haematological malignancies), and in part due to the often challenging intrinsic susceptibility pattern of the pathogens that potentially leads to delayed appropriate antifungal treatment. A panel of experts of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (ECMM) undertook a data review and compiled guidelines for the diagnostic tests and procedures for detection and management of rare invasive yeast infections. The rare yeast pathogens were defined and limited to the following genera/species: Cryptococcus adeliensis, Cryptococcus albidus, Cryptococcus curvatus, Cryptococcus flavescens, Cryptococcus laurentii and Cryptococcus uniguttulatus (often published under the name Filobasidium uniguttulatum), Malassezia furfur, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia pachydermatis and Malassezia restricta, Pseudozyma spp., Rhodotorula glutinis, Rhodotorula minuta and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Sporobolomyces spp., Trichosporon asahii, Trichosporon asteroides, Trichosporon dermatis, Trichosporon inkin, Trichosporon jirovecii, Trichosporon loubieri, Trichosporon mucoides and Trichosporon mycotoxinivorans and ascomycetous ones: Geotrichum candidum, Kodamaea ohmeri, Saccharomyces cerevisiae (incl. S. boulardii) and Saprochaete capitatae (Magnusiomyces (Blastoschizomyces) capitatus formerly named Trichosporon capitatum or Geotrichum (Dipodascus) capitatum) and Saprochaete clavata. Recommendations about the microbiological investigation and detection of invasive infection were made and current knowledge on the most appropriate antifungal and supportive treatment was reviewed. In addition, remarks about antifungal susceptibility testing were made. © 2013 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2014
39. Traffic tolerance of overseeded meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass as affected by cultural practices
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Summerford, J.A., primary, Karcher, D.E., additional, and Richardson, M.D., additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Fundamentals of Neurologic Disease
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Davis, MD, Larry E., Pirio Richardson, M.D., Davis, MD, Larry E., and Pirio Richardson, M.D.
- Published
- 2015
41. Fundamentals of Neurologic Disease / by Larry E. Davis, M.D., Sarah Pirio Richardson, M.D., Assistant Professor.
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Davis, M.D., Larry E. author., Pirio Richardson, M.D., Assistant Professor, Sarah. author., SpringerLink (Online service), Davis, M.D., Larry E. author., Pirio Richardson, M.D., Assistant Professor, Sarah. author., and SpringerLink (Online service)
- Abstract
This concise text delivers a basic introduction to neurology and is designed for use by medical students during their rotation in neurology and related disciplines. Updated and expanded, this second edition follows the same order as the first, starting with how to approach a patient with a neurologic problem followed by the latest information on the phenomenology, pathophysiology and symptoms of common adult and pediatric neurologic diseases. Supplementing the learning experience are clinical cases that begin each chapter and videos of examples ranging from how to perform the normal neurologic exam to abnormal exam findings. Easy-to-read and richly illustrated, Fundamentals of Neurologic Disease, 2nd Edition is an invaluable resource for anyone seeking to learn the fundamentals of neurology.
- Published
- 2015
42. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Patients with HIV infection or AIDS
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Lortholary, O. Petrikkos, G. Akova, M. Arendrup, M.C. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Bassetti, M. Bille, J. Calandra, T. Castagnola, E. Cornely, O.A. Cuenca-Estrella, M. Donnelly, J.P. Garbino, J. Groll, A.H. Herbrecht, R. Hope, W.W. Jensen, H.E. Kullberg, B.J. Lass-Flörl, C. Meersseman, W. Richardson, M.D. Roilides, E. Verweij, P.E. Viscoli, C. Ullmann, A.J.
- Abstract
Mucosal candidiasis is frequent in immunocompromised HIV-infected highly active antiretroviral (HAART) naive patients or those who have failed therapy. Mucosal candidiasis is a marker of progressive immune deficiency. Because of the frequently marked and prompt immune reconstitution induced by HAART, there is no recommendation for primary antifungal prophylaxis of mucosal candidiasis in the HIV setting in Europe, although it has been evidenced as effective in the pre-HAART era. Fluconazole remains the first line of therapy for both oropharyngeal candidiasis and oesophageal candidiasis and should be preferred to itraconazole oral solution (or capsules when not available) due to fewer side effects. For patients who still present with fluconazole-refractory mucosal candidiasis, oral treatment with any other azole should be preferred based on precise Candida species identification and susceptibility testing results in addition to the optimization of HAART when feasible. For vaginal candidiasis, topical therapy is preferred. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2012
43. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Developing European guidelines in clinical microbiology and infectious diseases
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Ullmann, A.J. Cornely, O.A. Donnelly, J.P. Akova, M. Arendrup, M.C. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Bassetti, M. Bille, J. Calandra, T. Castagnola, E. Garbino, J. Groll, A.H. Herbrecht, R. Hope, W.W. Jensen, H.E. Kullberg, B.J. Lass-Flörl, C. Lortholary, O. Meersseman, W. Petrikkos, G. Richardson, M.D. Roilides, E. Verweij, P.E. Viscoli, C. Cuenca-Estrella, M.
- Abstract
The process to develop a guideline in a European setting remains a challenge. The ESCMID Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) successfully achieved this endeavour. After two face-to-face meetings, numerous telephone conferences, and email correspondence, an ESCMID task force (basically composed of members of the Society's Fungal Infection Study Group, EFISG) finalized the ESCMID diagnostic and management/therapeutic guideline for Candida diseases. By appreciating various patient populations at risk for Candida diseases, four subgroups were predefined, mainly ICU patients, paediatric, HIV/AIDS and patients with malignancies including haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Besides treatment recommendations, the ESCMID guidelines provide guidance for diagnostic procedures. For the guidelines, questions were formulated to phrase the intention of a given recommendation, for example, outcome. The recommendation was the clinical intervention, which was graded by a score of A-D for the 'Strength of a recommendation'. The 'level of evidence' received a score of I-III. The author panel was approved by ESCMID, European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine and the European Confederation of Medical Mycology. The guidelines followed the framework of GRADE and Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation. The drafted guideline was presented at ECCMID 2011 and points of discussion occurring during that meeting were incorporated into the manuscripts. These ESCMID guidelines for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases provide guidance for clinicians in their daily decision-making process. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2012
44. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Diagnostic procedures
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Cuenca-Estrella, M. Verweij, P.E. Arendrup, M.C. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Bille, J. Donnelly, J.P. Jensen, H.E. Lass-Flörl, C. Richardson, M.D. Akova, M. Bassetti, M. Calandra, T. Castagnola, E. Cornely, O.A. Garbino, J. Groll, A.H. Herbrecht, R. Hope, W.W. Kullberg, B.J. Lortholary, O. Meersseman, W. Petrikkos, G. Roilides, E. Viscoli, C. Ullmann, A.J.
- Abstract
As the mortality associated with invasive Candida infections remains high, it is important to make optimal use of available diagnostic tools to initiate antifungal therapy as early as possible and to select the most appropriate antifungal drug. A panel of experts of the European Fungal Infection Study Group (EFISG) of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) undertook a data review and compiled guidelines for the clinical utility and accuracy of different diagnostic tests and procedures for detection of Candida infections. Recommendations about the microbiological investigation and detection of candidaemia, invasive candidiasis, chronic disseminated candidiasis, and oropharyngeal, oesophageal, and vaginal candidiasis were included. In addition, remarks about antifungal susceptibility testing and therapeutic drug monitoring were made. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2012
45. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Non-neutropenic adult patients
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Cornely, O.A. Bassetti, M. Calandra, T. Garbino, J. Kullberg, B.J. Lortholary, O. Meersseman, W. Akova, M. Arendrup, M.C. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Bille, J. Castagnola, E. Cuenca-Estrella, M. Donnelly, J.P. Groll, A.H. Herbrecht, R. Hope, W.W. Jensen, H.E. Lass-Flörl, C. Petrikkos, G. Richardson, M.D. Roilides, E. Verweij, P.E. Viscoli, C. Ullmann, A.J.
- Abstract
This part of the EFISG guidelines focuses on non-neutropenic adult patients. Only a few of the numerous recommendations can be summarized in the abstract. Prophylactic usage of fluconazole is supported in patients with recent abdominal surgery and recurrent gastrointestinal perforations or anastomotic leakages. Candida isolation from respiratory secretions alone should never prompt treatment. For the targeted initial treatment of candidaemia, echinocandins are strongly recommended while liposomal amphotericin B and voriconazole are supported with moderate, and fluconazole with marginal strength. Treatment duration for candidaemia should be a minimum of 14days after the end of candidaemia, which can be determined by one blood culture per day until negativity. Switching to oral treatment after 10days of intravenous therapy has been safe in stable patients with susceptible Candida species. In candidaemia, removal of indwelling catheters is strongly recommended. If catheters cannot be removed, lipid-based amphotericin B or echinocandins should be preferred over azoles. Transoesophageal echocardiography and fundoscopy should be performed to detect organ involvement. Native valve endocarditis requires surgery within a week, while in prosthetic valve endocarditis, earlier surgery may be beneficial. The antifungal regimen of choice is liposomal amphotericin B+/-flucytosine. In ocular candidiasis, liposomal amphotericin B+/-flucytosine is recommended when the susceptibility of the isolate is unknown, and in susceptible isolates, fluconazole and voriconazole are alternatives. Amphotericin B deoxycholate is not recommended for any indication due to severe side effects. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2012
46. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Prevention and management of invasive infections in neonates and children caused by Candida spp
- Author
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Hope, W.W. Castagnola, E. Groll, A.H. Roilides, E. Akova, M. Arendrup, M.C. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Bassetti, M. Bille, J. Cornely, O.A. Cuenca-Estrella, M. Donnelly, J.P. Garbino, J. Herbrecht, R. Jensen, H.E. Kullberg, B.J. Lass-Flörl, C. Lortholary, O. Meersseman, W. Petrikkos, G. Richardson, M.D. Verweij, P.E. Viscoli, C. Ullmann, A.J.
- Subjects
bacterial infections and mycoses - Abstract
Invasive candidiasis (IC) is a relatively common syndrome in neonates and children and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. These guidelines provide recommendations for the prevention and treatment of IC in neonates and children. Appropriate agents for the prevention of IC in neonates at high risk include fluconazole (A-I), nystatin (B-II) or lactoferrin±Lactobacillus (B-II). The treatment of IC in neonates is complicated by the high likelihood of disseminated disease, including the possibility of infection within the central nervous system. Amphotericin B deoxycholate (B-II), liposomal amphotericin B (B-II), amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC) (C-II), fluconazole (B-II), micafungin (B-II) and caspofungin (C-II) can all be potentially used. Recommendations for the prevention of IC in children are largely extrapolated from studies performed in adults with concomitant pharmacokinetic data and models in children. For allogeneic HSCT recipients, fluconazole (A-I), voriconazole (A-I), micafungin (A-I), itraconazole (B-II) and posaconazole (B-II) can all be used. Similar recommendations are made for the prevention of IC in children in other risk groups. With several exceptions, recommendations for the treatment of IC in children are extrapolated from adult studies, with concomitant pharmacokinetic studies. Amphotericin B deoxycholate (C-I), liposomal amphotericin B (A-I), ABLC (B-II), micafungin (A-I), caspofungin (A-I), anidulafungin (B-II), fluconazole (B-I) and voriconazole (B-I) can all be used. © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2012
47. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012: Adults with haematological malignancies and after haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT)
- Author
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Ullmann, A.J. Akova, M. Herbrecht, R. Viscoli, C. Arendrup, M.C. Arikan-Akdagli, S. Bassetti, M. Bille, J. Calandra, T. Castagnola, E. Cornely, O.A. Donnelly, J.P. Garbino, J. Groll, A.H. Hope, W.W. Jensen, H.E. Kullberg, B.J. Lass-Flörl, C. Lortholary, O. Meersseman, W. Petrikkos, G. Richardson, M.D. Roilides, E. Verweij, P.E. Cuenca-Estrella, M.
- Abstract
Fungal diseases still play a major role in morbidity and mortality in patients with haematological malignancies, including those undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Although Aspergillus and other filamentous fungal diseases remain a major concern, Candida infections are still a major cause of mortality. This part of the ESCMID guidelines focuses on this patient population and reviews pertaining to prophylaxis, empirical/pre-emptive and targeted therapy of Candida diseases. Anti-Candida prophylaxis is only recommended for patients receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation. The authors recognize that the recommendations would have most likely been different if the purpose would have been prevention of all fungal infections (e.g. aspergillosis). In targeted treatment of candidaemia, recommendations for treatment are available for all echinocandins, that is anidulafungin (AI), caspofungin (AI) and micafungin (AI), although a warning for resistance is expressed. Liposomal amphotericin B received a BI recommendation due to higher number of reported adverse events in the trials. Amphotericin B deoxycholate should not be used (DII); and fluconazole was rated CI because of a change in epidemiology in some areas in Europe. Removal of central venous catheters is recommended during candidaemia but if catheter retention is a clinical necessity, treatment with an echinocandin is an option (CIIt). In chronic disseminated candidiasis therapy, recommendations are liposomal amphotericin B for 8weeks (AIII), fluconazole for >3months or other azoles (BIII). Granulocyte transfusions are only an option in desperate cases of patients with Candida disease and neutropenia (CIII). © 2012 The Authors. Clinical Microbiology and Infection © 2012 European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
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- 2012
48. Assessment of identity of filamentous fungi colonizing from water-damaged building materials
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Lian, X., Lackner, M., de Hoog, G.S., Gerrits van den Ende, A.H.G., Priha, O., Suihko, M.L., Houbraken, J., Varga, J., Samson, R.A., Mälarstig, B., Thompson, P., Stott, R., Richardson, M.D., and Evolutionary Biology (IBED, FNWI)
- Abstract
Growth of moulds in moisture-damaged buildings has various adverse health effects, such as allergic diseases. To protect the inhabitants being harmed by moulds or their toxins, indoor microbiota need to be investigated; therefore an efficient identification method is needed. To assess the diversity of fungi colonizing temporarily damp indoor building materials in northern European countries (Finland, Sweden, Denmark, and U.K.), 62 samples from 22 houses were taken. In total 234 pure cultures were acquired and identified using morphological and molecular techniques (sequence comparison of rDNA internal transcribed spacer and BT2 [partial b-tubulin]). Comparing CBS-database with GenBank by blasting ITS and BT2 sequences we found correct identification down to species level by GenBank in only 12.8 % and 16.0 %, respectively. GenBank is an inadequate tool for reliable identification of less common fungi. Final identification of fungi is based on internal databases at CBS validated by ex-type strains. Within all samples we identified strains affiliated to 43 species belonging to 20 genera. Predominant were oligotrophic fungi such as Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium; some may serve as indicator organisms for indoor moisture problems. Based on final identifications, species-specific probes were developed for fast identification of moulds in indoor environments.
- Published
- 2011
49. ESCMID and ECMM Joint Clinical Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Rare Invasive Yeast Infections.
- Author
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Arendrup, M.C., Boekhout, T., Akova, M., Meis, J.F.G.M., Cornely, O.A., Lortholary, O., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Dannaoui, E., Diepeningen, A.D. van, Groll, A.H., Guarro, J., Guinea, J., Hope, W., Lackner, M., Lagrou, K., Lanternier, F., Lass-Flörl, C., Meletiadis, J., Munoz, P., Pagano, L., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Tortorano, A.M., Ullmann, A.J., Arendrup, M.C., Boekhout, T., Akova, M., Meis, J.F.G.M., Cornely, O.A., Lortholary, O., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Dannaoui, E., Diepeningen, A.D. van, Groll, A.H., Guarro, J., Guinea, J., Hope, W., Lackner, M., Lagrou, K., Lanternier, F., Lass-Flörl, C., Meletiadis, J., Munoz, P., Pagano, L., Richardson, M.D., Roilides, E., Tortorano, A.M., and Ullmann, A.J.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext
- Published
- 2014
50. ESCMID guideline for the diagnosis and management of Candida diseases 2012:diagnostic procedures
- Author
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Cuenca-Estrella, M., Verweij, P.E., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bille, J., Donnelly, J.P., Jensen, H.E., Lass-Flörl, C., Richardson, M.D., Akova, M., Bassetti, M., Calandra, T, Castagnola, E., Cornely, O.A., Garbino, J., Groll, A.H., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W.W., Kullberg, B.J., Lortholary, O., Meersseman, W., Petrikkos, G., Roilides, E., Viscoli, C., Ullmann, A.J., Cuenca-Estrella, M., Verweij, P.E., Arendrup, M.C., Arikan-Akdagli, S., Bille, J., Donnelly, J.P., Jensen, H.E., Lass-Flörl, C., Richardson, M.D., Akova, M., Bassetti, M., Calandra, T, Castagnola, E., Cornely, O.A., Garbino, J., Groll, A.H., Herbrecht, R., Hope, W.W., Kullberg, B.J., Lortholary, O., Meersseman, W., Petrikkos, G., Roilides, E., Viscoli, C., and Ullmann, A.J.
- Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext
- Published
- 2012
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