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Fishes of the order Siluriformes, known as catfishes, have a global distribution with more than 3,600 valid species of which 2,087 occur in the Neotropical region. Despite being highly diverse, abundant, and of economic importance as food and ornamental fishes, knowledge about the diversity and distribution of their helminth parasites is fragmentary and scarce. Eight species of catfishes (Pterodoras granulosus, Trachydoras paraguayensis, Pimelodella avanhandavae, Loricariichthys platymetopon, Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii, Rhinelepis aspera, Hemisorubim platyrhynchos, and Sorubim lima) from the Aguapeí River, Upper Paraná River basin, municipality of Castilho, São Paulo State, Brazil, were surveyed for helminth parasites. Collected fishes were weighed, measured, and examined for helminth parasites following standard methodology. Fifty helminth parasite taxa (23 monogeneans, 13 digeneans, 11 nematodes, and three cestodes) were found from a total of 405 fishes screened. The helminth taxon that showed the highest mean intensity of infection and mean abundance was the nematode Rondonia rondoni from P. granulosus, followed by the nematode Parasynodontisia petterae from R. aspera. The ecological analyses were carried out at the component community level and at the infracommunity level. Trachydoras paraguayensis had the richest helminth component community. Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii had the most diverse helminth component community and R. aspera had the lowest. Both hosts are loricariids and have similar diet. However, the high parasite diversity of P. ambrosettii is due to the number of dactylogyrids species found (10), which are directly transmitted, whereas only three dactylogyrid species were found in R. aspera. At infracommunity level, the nematode species R. rondoni and P. petterae dominated the parasite communities. This study presents 38 new host records, contributing considerably to increase the diffuse knowledge of helminth parasites of Neotropical siluriforms., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Fifty helminth parasite taxa were recovered from 405 catfishes surveyed. • Monogenea was the most diverse group, representing 46% of the helminth taxa found. • Thirty-eight new host records are presented.

This work is the most comprehensive survey of the Laranjinha River´s fishes, a tributary of the Cinzas River, Paranapanema River basin. Throughout its course, there is only a low-height dam, including a transposition system located 98 km from its mouth. The sampling was carried out in nine locations, from the source to the mouth, with six field incursions in each location, using different fishing gear. A total of 11,924 fish were collected, distributed in seven orders, 27 families, and 100 species. The most representative order in the number of species was Siluriformes, followed by Characiformes. As for the families, Loricariidae comprised 21% and Characidae 14% of species richness. Phalloceros harpagos was the species with the highest absolute abundance, representing 11.3% of the total, followed by Hypostomus ancistroides with 9.8%. However, considering the average abundance and frequency of occurrence, Hypostomus ancistroides was the most abundant species, followed by Hypostomus cf. paulinus, Psalidodon aff. paranae and Phalloceros harpagos. Among the collected species, the Apteronotus acidops, Brycon orbygnianus, Brycon nattereri, Crenicichla jupiaensis, and Rhinelepis aspera were classified as endangered on the most recent IUCN Red List. Also, from the total sampled fish, 9.8% are considered non-native species. Among the native species recorded, 10 species are large migratory species, which indicates that the Laranjinha River is a route for spawning and maintenance of species diversity in the middle Paranapanema River. Therefore, the Laranjinha River is a heritage of fish diversity and deserves special attention in its preservation. Resumo: Este é o levantamento mais abrangente de peixes do rio Laranjinha, um afluente do rio das Cinzas, bacia do rio Paranapanema. Ao longo de sua rota, existe apenas uma pequena barragem com um sistema de transposição localizado 98 km de sua nascente. A amostragem foi realizada em nove locais, desde a nascente até a foz, com seis incursões de campo em cada local, com o auxílio de diferentes artes de pesca. Foram coletados 11.924 indivíduos, distribuídos em sete ordens, 27 famílias e 100 espécies. A ordem mais representativa foi Siluriformes, seguida por Characiformes. Quanto às famílias, Loricariidae compôs 21% e Characidae 14% da riqueza de espécies. Phalloceros harpagos foi a espécie com maior abundância absoluta, representando 11,3% do total, seguida por Hypostomus ancistroides, com 9,8%. No entanto, considerando a abundância média e a frequência de ocorrência, Hypostomus ancistroides foi a espécie mais abundante, seguida por Hypostomus cf. paulinus, Psalidodon aff. paranae e Phalloceros harpagos. Entre as espécies coletadas, Apteronotus acidops, Brycon orbygnianus, Brycon nattereri, Crenicichla jupiaensis e Rhinelepis aspera estão listadas em categorias de ameaça na Lista Vermelha da IUCN mais recente. Além disso, do total de indivíduos amostrados, 9,8% são considerados espécies não nativas. Entre as espécies nativas registradas, 10 espécies são migratórias de grande porte, o que indica que o rio Laranjinha é uma rota de desova e manutenção da diversidade de espécies no médio rio Paranapanema. Portanto, o rio Laranjinha é um patrimônio da diversidade de peixes e merece atenção especial em sua preservação.

This study reports a case of partial albinism in Rhinelepis aspera from the Aguapeí River, Upper Paraná Basin, Brazil and provides a review of albinism cases in freshwater fishes from South America. The captured specimen has depigmentation throughout almost its entire body, with pigmented eyes and little dark spots on the dorsal and caudal fins. It is an adult male, and we suggest that due to the benthic habitat, it would be able to reach adult size, avoiding predators. The review shows a scarcity of this phenomenon in nature.

AGOSTINHO, Angelo Antonio; BARBIERI, Marlene C.; AGOSTINHO, Carlos Sérgio; BARBIERI, Geraldo. Biologia reprodutiva de Rhinelepis aspera (Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei, Loricariidae) no rio Paranapanema. I. Estrutura dos testículos e escala de maturidade. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, v.47, n.3, p.309-317, 1987. The general morphology and histology of the armoured catfish testis R. aspera were described. They are a pair of elongated structures composed of an anostomosing system of seminiferous lobules. Spermatogenesis follows the cystic common pattern in teleost. The spermatogonia is distributed along the entire length of the testicular tubules. Five distinct stages of maturation on the testis have been recognized and described: immature, resting, maturation, reproduction and spent. These stages are characterized macro and microscopically, and by the gonadosomatic index. A morfologia geral e histologia dos testículos de R. aspera foram descritas. Os testículos são estruturas pares, alongadas, compostas de um sistema anastomosado de túbulos seminíferos. A espermatogênese segue o padrão cístico comum aos teleósteos. As espermatogônias estão distribuídas ao longo de todo o comprimento dos túbulos seminíferos. São reconhecidos e descritos cinco estádios distintos de maturação dos testículos. São eles: imaturo, repouso, maturação, reprodução e esgotado. Estes estádios são caracterizados macro e microscopicamente e pelo índice gônado-somático. Abstract: The general morphology and histology of the armoured catfish testis R. aspera were described. They are a pair of elongated structures composed of an anostomosing system of seminiferous lobules. Spermatogenesis follows the cystic common pattern in teleost. The spermatogonia is distributed along the entire length of the testicular tubules. Five distinct stages of maturation on the testis have been recognized and described: immature, resting, maturation, reproduction and spent. These stages are characterized macro and microscopically, and by the gonadosomatic index.

AGOSTINHO, Angelo Antonio; MATSUURA, Yasunobu; OKADA, Edson Kiyoshi; NAKATANI, Keshiyu. The catfish, Rhinelepis aspera (Teleostei; Loricariidae), in the Guaira region of the Paraná River: an example of population estimation from catch-effort and tagging data when emigration and immigration are high. Fisheries Research, Amsterdam, v.23, no.3-4, p.333-344, 1995. Using the Leslie model, an estimate was made of the stock of the loricariid catfish, Rhinelepis aspera, in the fishing grounds in the Guaíra region of the Paraná River. The method was based on catch-effort and mark-recapture data collected over a 90 day period in 1986. The estimated initial population size, based on catch-effort, was 734 806 catfish with a biomass of 580 297 kg. During the experiment 2.372 million cattish entered the fishing area and 1.892 million catfish emigrated from it. A Petersen type estimate, based on the recapture ratio of tagged fish, was 812 359 catfish at the beginning of the experiment.

AGOSTINHO, Angelo Antonio; BARBIERI, Geraldo; VERANI, José Roberto; HAHN, Norma Segatti. Variação do fator de condição e do índice hepatossomático e suas relações com o ciclo reprodutivo em Rhinelepis aspera (Agassis, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) no rio Paranapanema, Porecatu, PR. Ciência e Cultura, São Paulo, v.42, n.9, p.711-714, 1990. Seasonal changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index and theirs relationships with the reproductive cycle in Rhinelepis aspera (Agassis, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) in the Paranapanema river, Porecatu, PR. The cyclic changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index were associated to gonadosomatic index in male and female of Rhinelepis aspera of the Paranapanema river (22°38'S,51°25' W). it was found that the loss of weight, both body and liver, occurs during the gonad maturation and reproduction process. The fish recover the lost weight over the gonad recuperation and resting period. It was observed that a gradual decrease in the condition factor occurs after the first gonadal maturation size. As alterações cíclicas nos valores do fator de condição e índice hepatossomático foram associadas aquelas do índice gonadossomático de machos e fêmeas de Rhinelepis aspera do rio Paranapanema (22°38' S,51°25' W). Constatou-se que a maturação gonadal e a reprodução levaram a depleções no peso total e do fígado dos espécimes analisados. Essas perdas foram repostas durante o período de recuperação e repouso das gônadas. Observou-se, ainda, que, a partir da primeira maturação gonadal, ocorreu uma redução gradativa na condição dos exemplares. Abstract: Seasonal changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index and theirs relationships with the reproductive cycle in Rhinelepis aspera (Agassis, 1829) (Osteichthyes, Loricariidae) in the Paranapanema river, Porecatu, PR. The cyclic changes in the condition factor and hepatosomatic index were associated to gonadosomatic index in male and female of Rhinelepis aspera of the Paranapanema river (22°38'S,51°25' W). it was found that the loss of weight, both body and liver, occurs during the gonad maturation and reproduction process. The fish recover the lost weight over the gonad recuperation and resting period. It was observed that a gradual decrease in the condition factor occurs after the first gonadal maturation size.

AGOSTINHO, Angelo Antonio; BARBIERI, Marilene C.; BARBIERI, Geraldo; AGOSTINHO, Carlos Sérgio. Biologia reprodutiva de Rhinelepis aspera (Agassiz, 1829) (Teleostei, Loricariidae) no rio Paranapanema. II. Estrutura dos ovários e estádios de maturação. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, Rio de Janeiro, v.47, n.3, p.319-328, 1987. This study is concerned with general morphology and histology of the ovary of armoured catfish "Rhinelepis aspera" during its reproductive cycle. The ovaries are paired structures lying dorsal to the alimentary canal and gas bladder. The protoplasmatic and vitelogenic growth of the oocites are divided into five stages: chromatin-nucleolus, perinucleolus, yolk vesicle, vitellogenuous and ripe egg. The cyclical morfological changes of the ovaries were also described in five stages: immature, resting, maturation, reproduction and spent. These stages are characterized by the macroscopic and microscopic appearance and gonado somatic index. A morfologia geral e histologia dos ovários do cascudo Rhinelepis aspera durante o seu ciclo reprodutivo são analisadas. Os ovários são estruturas pares dispostas dorsalmente às alças intestinais e bexiga natatória. O crescimento protoplasmático e vitelogênico dos ovócitos é dividido em cinco estádios: cromatina-nucléolo, perinucleolar, vesícula vitelínica, vitelogênese e maduro. As alterações cíclicas na morfologia dos ovários são descritas também em cinco estádios: imaturo, repouso, maturação, reprodução e esgotado. Estes estádios são caracterizados pelo aspecto macro e microscópico e pelo índice gônado-somático. Abstract: This study is concerned with general morphology and histology of the ovary of armoured catfish "Rhinelepis aspera" during its reproductive cycle. The ovaries are paired structures lying dorsal to the alimentary canal and gas bladder. The protoplasmatic and vitelogenic growth of the oocites are divided into five stages: chromatin-nucleolus, perinucleolus, yolk vesicle, vitellogenuous and ripe egg. The cyclical morfological changes of the ovaries were also described in five stages: immature, resting, maturation, reproduction and spent. These stages are characterized by the macroscopic and microscopic appearance and gonado somatic index.

Rhinelepis aspera Spix, Agassiz, 1829 Fig. 27 Body elongated; greatest depth contained 3.8 to 4.3 and caudal peduncle depth 7.4 to 8.3 times in SL; head length 2.5 to 3.1, predorsal distance 2.2 to 2.5, dorsalfin spine length 4.4 o 4.7, pectoral-fin length 4.3 to 4.7, and caudal peduncle length 3.5 to 3.9 in SL; snout length 1.5 to 1.6, horizontal orbital diameter 10.0 to 10.8 and least interorbital width 1.6 to 2.0 in HL. Mouth inferior; premaxilla with 16-57 and dentary with 19-59 teeth. Midlateral series with 23-25, predorsal series with 3 or 4, and dorsal-fin base series with 6-8 plates. Dorsal fin with I,7 rays, pectoral fin with I,6 rays, pelvic fin with i,6 and anal fin with 6 rays. Ground color dark-grey, without blotches, as well as fins (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Maximum standard length. 440.0 mm (Graça, Pavanelli, 2007). Distribution. Rio São Francisco and upper rio Paraná basins., Published as part of Ota, Renata Rúbia, Deprá, Gabriel de Carvalho, Graça, Weferson Júnio da & Pavanelli, Carla Simone, 2018, Peixes da planície de inundação do alto rio Paraná e áreas adjacentes: revised, annotated and updated, pp. 1-111 in Neotropical Ichthyology 16 (2) on page 81, DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170094, http://zenodo.org/record/3678395, {"references":["Pavanelli CS, Graca WJ, Zawadzki CH, Britski HA, Vidotti AP, Avelino GS, Verissimo S. Fishes from the Corumba Reservoir, Paranaiba River drainage, upper rio Parana basin, State of Goias, Brazil. Check List. 2007; 3 (1): 58 - 64."]}

Heteropriapulus Kritsky, 2007 (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae), which originally included only two species from the gills of loricariid catfishes, is reviewed and six newly described species from loricariids in the Paraná River basin in Brazil are added. Diagnosis of the genus is amended and a key to the species identification is provided. Heteropriapulus anchoradiatus n. sp. from Pterygoplichthys ambrosettii (Holmberg) (Hypostominae) differs from its congeners by having a long sclerotized vagina, ventral anchors with short shaft and conspicuous superficial root, and a conspicuous and robust postero-medial process on the dorsal bar; H. bitomus n. sp. from the same fish host differs by the presence of two pairs of sclerotized patches associated with the ventral anchors; H. falxus n. sp. from Hypostomus strigaticeps (Regan) (Hypostominae) and Hypostomus ancistroides (Ihering) (Hypostominae) is unique by the shape of the accessory piece composed of two strongly sclerotized subunits; H. microcleithrus n. sp. from P. ambrosettii differs by presenting the smallest length of the dorsal bar and unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece resembling the ‘hammer and sickle’ shape; H. pterygoplichthyi n. sp. from the same host presents unique shape of the longer subunit of the accessory piece of the cirrus, which is represented by ‘two sickles’ jointed by the base; and H. semitortus n. sp. from Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz (Rhinelepinae) can be distinguished by the accessory piece composed of a single straight unit and a cirrus tube with the highest number of spiral rings at the proximal end (2½). First molecular data for this genus (partial sequences of the 28S rRNA gene) are provided including the type species H. heterotylus (Jogunoori, Kritsky & Venkatanarasaiah, 2004).

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:50:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Grantová Agentura České Republiky A new genus of dactylogyrid monogeneans (Ancyrocephalinae), Paracosmetocleithrum n. gen., is erected to accommodate P. trachydorasi n. sp. from Trachydoras paraguayensis (Siluriformes: Doradidae) in the Upper Paraná River basin, Brazil. The new genus differs from Neotropical dactylogyrids in the presence of a well-developed ornamentation in the middle portion of the ventral bar, and a sclerotized patch on the surface of the dorsal bar with an inconspicuous medial process that possesses two submedial projections arising from the tapered ends of this patch. In addition, Demidospermus rhinelepisi n. sp. is described from Rhinelepis aspera (Siluriformes: Loricariidae). The new species, which is the fifth species of the genus described from loricariids, can be differentiated from congeners by the possession of a sclerotized patch attached to the middle portion of the ventral bar, and by morphology of the accessory piece, which presents broad ends, tapering in the centre, rounded proximal end, distal end folding on both sides with folds extending to approximately ¾ of the accessory piece length. Molecular data on both new species are also provided and species composition of Demidospermus, recently revealed as polyphyletic by molecular studies including the present one, is discussed. São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Parasitology, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, n° 250 Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 31 Natural History Museum of Geneva, P.O. Box 6134 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Rodovia BR 465, Km 7 São Paulo State University (UNESP) Institute of Biosciences Department of Parasitology, Rua Professor Doutor Antônio Celso Wagner Zanin, n° 250 FAPESP: 2012/22895–7 FAPESP: 2015/22382–8 FAPESP: 2016/50377–1 CNPq: 307808/2014-9 Grantová Agentura České Republiky: P505/12/G112

SummaryCryopreservation of germplasm provides a promising method to preserve fish genetic material, which is of great importance in preservation of species diversity, aquaculture, and management of fish models used in biomedical research. In the present study, cryopreservation of Rhinelepis aspera embryos, a Brazilian endangered species, was studied for the first time using a short-term cooling protocol. Embryos at blastoporous closing stage were selected, placed in 6-ml glass vials and stored at −8°C for 6 h in 10 different cryoprotectant solutions: S1 (17.1% sucrose + 9% methanol); S2 (17.1% sucrose + 9% DMSO); S3 (8.5% sucrose + 8.5% glucose + 9% methanol); S4 (8.5% sucrose + 8.5% glucose + 9% DMSO); S5 (17.1% sucrose + 9% ethylene glycol); S6 (8.5% sucrose + 8.5% glucose + 9% ethylene glycol); S7 (17.1% sucrose + 4.5% methanol + 4.5% DMSO); S8 (17.1% sucrose + 4.5% methanol + 4.5% ethylene glycol); S9 (17.1% sucrose + 4.5% DMSO + 4.5% ethylene glycol); and S10 (100% water). Embryo viability was assessed by hatching rate, counting live larvae and number of failed eggs under a stereomicroscope. The results showed that only the cryoprotectant solutions that contained methanol associated to sucrose (S1, S7 and S8) provided partial protection of Rhinelepis aspera embryos from cold damage (over 50% hatching rate in S1), while the use of DMSO and ethylene glycol, isolated or in combination, resulted in no hatching rate. Further studies are needed in order to extend the storage time and to improve the hatching rate for the species.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho de pos larvas de R. aspera submetidas a dois tipos de dietas. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos e oito repeticoes. A densidade de estocagem foi de sete pos larvas/litro. As dietas eram compostas por: A, racao em po com 55% PB oferecida em saches de organza e B, 850 nauplios de artemia/pos larva, tres vezes ao dia. Nao houve diferencas significativas na sobrevivencia (P? 0,05) entre os tratamentos. A analise dos resultados das biometrias revelou existir diferencas significativas (P£0,05) entre as duas dietas, sendo que a racao fornecida em saches proporcionou as maiores medias de comprimento (mm) e peso (mg). O fator de condicao alcancou valores superiores (P £ 0,05) com a “dieta viva”. Os resultados demonstraram que a utilizacao de saches preenchido com racao podem ser uma boa alternativa para a larvicultura do Rhinelepis aspera .

We studied the relationship between the morphology of the reproductive system and the reproductive strategies of six neotropical catfishes using macroscopic and microscopic analyses. The reproductive system of the examined Siluriformes showed diversified characteristics, but permitted their being grouped according to three reproductive strategies: pelagic spawning, demersal spawning, and internally fertilizing. The pelagic spawners Pseudoplatystoma corruscans and Conorhynchos conirostris have testes that are characterized by filiform lobes, absence of testicular secretion, full-grown oocytes of small diameter, thin zona radiata, and cuboidal follicular cells. Pimelodus maculatus is morphologically distinct from the other two pelagic spawners catfishes due to the presence of testicular secretion. The demersal spawners Lophiosilurus alexandri and Rhinelepis aspera possess homogeneous testicular secretion, large mature oocytes, and columnar follicular cells. The most specialized reproductive system was observed in the internally fertilizing Trachelyopterus galeatus, which possesses a seminal vesicle accessory to the testes, spermatozoa with elongated nuclei that form spermatozeugmata, and a secretory ovarian lamellar epithelium that is associated with sperm storage. The reproductive system observed in Neotropical catfishes showed a relationship associated with the type of fertilization and the reproductive strategies of the six species studied.

Paranaella luquei is a monogenean from family Microcotylidae, which was found parasitizing the gills of Steindachnerina brevipinna (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889), collected in two different tributaries of Paranapanema River, Paraná, Brazil. This parasite was the first species of Microcotylidae described parasitizing freshwater fishes (Hypostomus sp., Hypostomus regani (Ihering) and Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz (Loricariidae) in the country.

A região do Sertão Pernambucano possui um enorme potencial à exploração do mercado pesqueiro e aquicultura, tendo em vista a proximidade com o Rio São Francisco e a constante disponibilidade de sol, elementos fundamentais à proliferação de peixes. Entre as espécies presentes nesta região, pode-se destacar o Rhinelepis aspera, (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) conhecido como Carí e apreciado por sua carne saborosa. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os parâmetros físico-químicos do Carí fresco, conforme as Normas Analíticas do Instituto Adolfo Lutz, e avaliar o grau de conservação do produto através do teste de produção de H2S. Os peixes, objeto do estudo, foram coletados nas principais feiras livres de Petrolina - PE, porém tinham sido capturados no lago de Sobradinho - BA, a 30 km da cidade. No mercado foram escolhidos os indivíduos que apresentavam as melhores características de frescor. Os peixes foram filetados, calculando o percentual de rendimento desta operação e, em seguida, preparado para as análises. Conforme os nossos resultados, o Carí possui 11,10% de proteína, 0,63% de lipídio e 0,89 de atividade de água. Alguns exemplares tiveram reação positiva ao H2S indicando um início do processo de degradação. Através do presente estudo, o peixe Carí possui características adequadas para consumo, porém possui condição inadequada de armazenamento na região estudada.

In an allozyme electrophoresis survey of 15 hypostomine species from the Itaipu Hydroelectric Reservoir, 25 loci from 14 enzyme systems were scored. Allozyme data allowed recording diagnostic genetic markers for all species analyzed and for some species groups within Hypostomus, a taxon which is taxonomically still unresolved in the Upper Rio Parana basin. The mean expected heterozygosity of the species was considerably variable and hypotheses to tentatively explain this variation are discussed. A cladogram based upon the allelic frequencies of the species analyzed was produced by the continuous maximum likelihood method: Rhinelepis aspera and M. parananus were separated from the species of Hypostominae by a long branch length. Pterygoplichthys anisitsi was the sister of all the representatives of the genus Hypostomus. Within Hypostomus, two main clades were produced: in the first, H. cochliodon was the sister of the species comprising the H. plecostomus group, and in the second, the tree showed the following relationships: (H. albopunctatus (H. regani + Hypostomus sp. 3) + (H. margaritifer (H. microstomus (Hypostomus sp. 1 (H. ternetzi + Hypostomus sp. 2))))). Hypostomus ternetzi and Hypostomus sp. 2 are referred to here as representatives of the H. ternetzi group.

Most loricariids are algivorous and detritivorous and play an important role in both the grazer and detritus food chains of neotropical waters. Relationships between morphological variation and diet were analysed in six syntopic species (Rhinelepis aspera, Hypostomus regani, H. ternetzi. H. margaritifer, H. microstomus and Megalancistrus aculeatus) fished commercially in a 10 km 2 area of the Upper Parana River upstream from the Itaipu Reservoir. Species feeding on fine grained detritus use suction to obtain food, and possess a well-developed respiratory membrane, long gill rakers, rudimentary labial and pharyngeal teeth, a thin stomach wall, and a long intestine. Species feeding on coarser material (e.g. periphyton), ingest food by scraping the substratum. Their morphological characteristics are large, strong, spatulate teeth, short gill rakers, a well-developed stomach, and a shorter intestine, The first species group is composed by R. aspera while the latter by M. aculeatus and H. microstomus. The others species had an intermediary position.

Relationships between ovarian structure, oocyte structure/development, and parental care/life history strategies of six loricariid catfishes common in the upper Parana River, Brazil were examined with analysis of catch data, relative gonad weight, histology, and microscopy. Three life history strategies were observed. Loricariichthys platymetopon, Loricariichthys sp. And Loricaria sp. produce several small clutches of large eggs over a protracted spawning period. Males of these species guard their eggs and larvae, which are transported as a mass on the ventral surface of the male's body. Hypostomus ternetzi and Megalancistrus aculeatus produce the largest mature eggs and the smallest clutches relative to adult mass. The spawning periods of these species are short, and males guard their broods in excavations. Rhinelepis aspera has high fecundity, high relative mass of mature gonads (both sexes), small mature eggs, and broadcast spawning with no parental care. This species migrates to spawn over firm substrates in channel areas during a contracted period. Mature oocytes of external bearers had the thickest zona radiata, followed by the egg scatterer, and cavity nesters. The thickness of the zona radiata probably is an adaptation to protect the developing egg from injury from abrasion. The zona granulosa appeared to be associated with production of secretions responsible for egg adhesion, and this layer was thickest in mature oocytes of the cavity nesting species, followed by the external bearers. All six species have wide distributions in the Parana River, tributaries, floodplain lagoons, and the Itaipu Reservoir, but brood guarders tended to be most common in lentic habitats.

Using the Leslie model, an estimate was made of the stock of the loricariid catfish, Rhinelepis aspera, in the fishing grounds in the Guaira region of the Parana River. The method was based on catch-effort and mark-recapture data collected over a 90 day period in 1986. The estimated initial population size, based on catch-effort, was 734 806 catfish with a biomass of 580 297 kg. During the experiment 2.372 million catfish entered the fishing area and 1.892 million catfish emigrated from it. A Petersen type estimate, based on the recapture ratio of tagged fish, was 812 359 catfish at the beginning of the experiment.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:26:27Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:42:13Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84859169365.pdf: 2551591 bytes, checksum: a386cc8e20c36820fa37034ae15df718 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:26:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-04-04 Cytogenetic analyses were performed in four species of the Hypostominae subfamily, three from Hypostomus (Hypostomini) genus and Rhinelepis aspera (Rhinelepini). Three populations of Hypostomus ancistroides were analyzed, which had 2n=68 chromosomes, but presented different karyotype formulas. Hypostomus regani and H. strigaticeps, both from Ivaí river, showed 2n=72 chromosomes with two distinct cytotypes. In turn, R. aspera of the upper Paraná river basin presented 2n=54 chromosome. Multiple Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) have been evidenced by silver nitrate staining in species of Hypostomus and single NOR in R. aspera. The observed variation in the chromosome number and the marked variability in karyotype formulas and NORs reveal a certain amount of karyotype variation in the genus Hypostomus suggesting the probable existence of cryptic species with independent chromosome traits. Therefore, our data can be of great value in discriminating species and understanding their chromosomal evolution. Departamento de Biologia Centro de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Av. Colombo, 5790, 87020-900, Maringá, Paraná Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo Departamento de Morfologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo

The aim of this study was to evaluate three stocking densities (20, 40 and 60 larvae L -1 ), and two daily prey concentrations (400 and 700 Artemia nauplii larvae -1 ) during the first seven days of active feeding (first phase). In the second phase was evaluate the effect of the different feeding regimes: fasting, dry diet (55% crude protein), Artemia sp. and mixed feeding ( Artemia sp. plus dry diet), after 17 days of active feeding on Rhinelepis aspera larviculture. In the first phase, growth was affected only by prey concentration. In the second phase, the dry diet induced higher growth rates than fasting, but lower growth rates than the other treatments. The acceptance of the dry diet was evidenced by an increase in the growth rate from 4.6% day -1 in the first five days to 10.7% day -1 in the following five days of feeding. Survival was similar among dry diet, mixed feeding and Artemia nauplii treatments. R. aspera larvae can be reared during the first seven days of active feeding at a density of 60 larvae L -1 , after which they can be fed with a commercial dry diet.

Cytogenetic analyses were performed in four species of the Hypostominae subfamily, three from Hypostomus (Hypostomini) genus and Rhinelepis aspera (Rhinelepini). Three populations of Hypostomus ancistroides were analyzed, which had 2n=68 chromosomes, but presented different karyotype formulas. Hypostomus regani and H. strigaticeps , both from Ivai river, showed 2n=72 chromosomes with two distinct cytotypes. In turn, R. aspera of the upper Parana river basin presented 2n=54 chromosome. Multiple Nucleolar Organizer Regions (NORs) have been evidenced by silver nitrate staining in species of Hypostomus and single NOR in R. aspera . The observed variation in the chromosome number and the marked variability in karyotype formulas and NORs reveal a certain amount of karyotype variation in the genus Hypostomus suggesting the probable existence of cryptic species with independent chromosome traits. Therefore, our data can be of great value in discriminating species and understanding their chromosomal evolution.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T19:07:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011000600001.pdf: 245950 bytes, checksum: 1757f2e75e91c81f2b85975dbb64745f (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T19:07:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-35982011000600001.pdf: 245950 bytes, checksum: 1757f2e75e91c81f2b85975dbb64745f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T20:12:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000600001.pdf: 245950 bytes, checksum: 1757f2e75e91c81f2b85975dbb64745f (MD5) S1516-35982011000600001.pdf.txt: 21914 bytes, checksum: e919ce777e43720e6ea60a4b98a45659 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:18:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000600001.pdf: 245950 bytes, checksum: 1757f2e75e91c81f2b85975dbb64745f (MD5) S1516-35982011000600001.pdf.txt: 21914 bytes, checksum: e919ce777e43720e6ea60a4b98a45659 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:18:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-35982011000600001.pdf: 245950 bytes, checksum: 1757f2e75e91c81f2b85975dbb64745f (MD5) S1516-35982011000600001.pdf.txt: 21914 bytes, checksum: e919ce777e43720e6ea60a4b98a45659 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-01 Um experimento foi realizado com o objetivo de estimar a concentração espermática das espécies dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), cascudo-preto (Rhinelepis aspera) e tilápia-do-nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) pelo método de espermatócrito. Utilizaram-se 19, 58, 51, 43 e 85 reprodutores de dourado, curimba, jundiá, cascudo-preto e tilápia-do-nilo, respectivamente. Com exceção da tilápia-do-nilo, os reprodutores foram submetidos ao processo de indução hormonal e posteriormente submetidos a coleta de sêmen. Foram comparadas as técnicas de mensuração da concentração espermática do sêmen por contagem em câmara hematimétrica de Neubauer e por espermatócrito. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de regressão a 5% de probabilidade. As concentrações espermáticas mensuradas por ambas as técnicas apresentaram relação linear, para curimbas, jundiás e tilápias-do-nilo, com equações y = 6,6624 × 10(9) + 3,68553 × 10(8)x; y = 2,153 × 10(9) + 4,426 × 10(8)x e y = -9,0897 × 10(8) + 6,0167 × 10(8), respectivamente. O método de espermatócrito pode ser utilizado para estimar a concentração espermática do sêmen de curimbas, jundiás e tilápias-do-nilo. The objective of this experiment was estimate sperm concentration of dourado (Salminus brasiliensis), curimba (Prochilodus lineatus), jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), cascudo-preto (Rhinelepis aspera) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) by the method of spermatocrit. It was used 19, 58, 51, 43 and 85 brood fish of dourado, curimba, jundia, cascudo-preto and Nile tilapia, respectively. Except for the Nile tilapia, the fishes were subjected to the hormonal induction process and then submitted to the semen collection. The measurement techniques of the sperm concentration by sperm count in Neubauer chamber (CSPZ) and by spermatocrit (ESPMT) were compared. The results were submitted to the regression analysis at 5% of probability. It was observed that the variables CSPZ and ESPMT presented linear relationship to the curimba, jundia and Nile tilapia with equations y = 6.6624 × 10(9) + 368553 × 10(8)x; y = 2.153 × 10(9) + 4.426 × 10(8)x and y = -9.0897 × 10(8) + 6.0167 × 10(8), respectively. The method of spermatocrit can be used to estimate the sperm concentration of curimba, jundiá and Nile tilapia. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Centro de Aqüicultura Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) Centro de Engenharias e Ciências Exatas Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Centro de Aqüicultura

Three new oxyuroid nematode species of the family Pharyngodonidae are described from the intestine of freshwater catfishes in Brazil (River Parana), two of them being representatives of new monotypic genera: Ichthyouris brasiliensis n. sp. from Pterygoplichthys aculeatus, Brasilnema pimelodellae n. g., n. sp. from Pimelodella gracilis, and Parasynodontisia petterae n. g., n. sp. from Rhinelepis aspera. I. brasiliensis n. sp. differs from the only other congeneric species, I. ro, mainly in the absence of a pair of plate-like structures in the male caudal region, shorter caudal alae, the presence of a pair of conspicuous lateral spines at the level of the anal opening in the female and by other features. Brasilnema n. g. is characterised mainly by a hexagonal oral opening, a broad buccal capsule containing three teeth, a simple spicule and an amphidelphic uterus, whereas Parasynodontisia n. g. is characterised by a triangular oral opening and an amphidelphic uterus in the female; both genera possess six small, triangular, circumoral lamellae slightly raised above the apical surface. The paper includes a key to the pharyngodonid genera whose species are parasitic in fishes.

Submitted by (edna.saturno@ufrpe.br) on 2017-02-10T12:37:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizangela Maria de Souza.pdf: 678116 bytes, checksum: 59d0516089dfeb649af279bd353a7fee (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-10T12:37:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elizangela Maria de Souza.pdf: 678116 bytes, checksum: 59d0516089dfeb649af279bd353a7fee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-10 Aiming to investigate the population and reproductive biology of the “black scale fish” Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz, 1829, studies have been carried through in a section of the Submiddle São Francisco River Valley , next to the city of Petrolina-PE, located 09º 09' of South Latitude and 40º 22" West of Longitud. Two hundred forty eight specimens were catched by net and mesh (meshes from 8 to 14 cm) in the period of February of 2005 to January of 2006. For each individual was determined sex, total length (Tl-cm), total weight (Tw-g) and gonadal weight (Gw-g). The morfometric description was effected to characterize them macroscopically, defining the GSI (Gonadossomatic Index). Microscopic characterizations had been made to describe the histological aspects of the ovaries and the testicles. The stages of gonadal development were described and a scale of maturity was established (1 - rest, 2 - initial maturation, 3 – mature or advanced maturation and 4 - disposed or spawned) in function of the histological characteristics. During the period collect there was a slight predominance of females (56,4%). The females were more numerous in the classes of bigger lengths and had reached the length of the first maturation (L50) about 41 cm. Themales had reached the length of the first maturation (L50) about 41,5 cm. From 50,5 cm all individuals, males and females, are apt to participate in the reproductive process (L100). It was obtained for all the population of R. aspera the value of angular coefficient (q ≅ 3. 0), as to the relation total weight/ total length, the growth is an isometric type. The GSI presented greater values in the months of February and December 2005 for females and in the months of April 2005 and January 2006 for males. Visando investigar a biologia reprodutiva do cascudo-preto Rhinelepis aspera Spix & Agassiz, 1829, estudos foram realizados num trecho do submédio do rio São Francisco, próximo à cidade de Petrolina-PE (09º 09’ de Latitude Sul e 40º 22’ de Longitude Oeste). Foram capturados por meio de tarrafa e rede de espera (malhas de 8 a 14 cm entre nós) 248 exemplares no período de fevereiro de 2005 a janeiro de 2006. Para cada indivíduo foi determinado o sexo, comprimento total (Ct-cm), peso total (Pt-g) e peso gonadal (Pg-g). A descrição morfométrica foi efetuada para caracterizá-las macroscopicamente, definindo o IGS (índice gonadossomático). Caracterizações microscópicas foram feitas para descrever os aspectos histológicos dos ovários e dos testículos. Os estágios de desenvolvimento gonadal foram descritos sendo estabelecida uma escala de maturidade (1 – repouso, 2 – maturação inicial, 3 – maturação avançada/ maduro e 4 – desovado ou espermiado) em função das características histológicas. Durante o período de coleta houve ligeira predominância de fêmeas (56,4%). As fêmeas foram mais numerosas nas classes de maiores comprimentos e atingiram o comprimento da primeira maturação (L50) com cerca de 41cm. Os machos atingiram o comprimento da primeira maturação (L50) com cerca de 41,5 cm. A partir de 50,5cm todos os indivíduos machos e fêmeas estão aptos a participar do processo reprodutivo (L100). Obteve-se para toda população de R. aspera o valor do coeficiente angular (q ≅ 3.0), conforme a relação peso total/ comprimento total, cujo crescimento é do tipo isométrico. O IGS apresentou maiores valores nos meses de fevereiro e dezembro de 2005 para fêmeas e nos meses de abril de 2005 e janeiro de 2006 para machos.

Paranaella, a new microcotyline monotypic genus, is erected to accommodate Paranaella luquei sp. n., parasite of gill filaments from Hypostomus sp., Hypostomus regani (Ihering) and Rhinelepis aspera Spix et Agassiz (Loricariidae) from the Parana River, Brazil. The new genus is most closely related to Microcotyle Van Beneden et Hesse, 1863, Diplostamenides Unnithan, 1971 and Solostamenides Unnithan, 1971. From Microcotyle it differs mainly by having the genital atrium formed by a muscular ring with a concentric row of numerous elongate and straight spines; from Diplostamenides it can be distinguished by the unarmed and not differentiated cirrus and from Solostamenides it differs by the single vaginal pore and absence of larval hooks. Based on the male terminalia and on general distribution or absence of armature, Unnithan (1971) proposed a systematic partition of Microcotylidae, with 4 subfamilies and 18 genera. Mamaev (1986) presented a taxonomical composition of the Microcotylidae with 8 subfamilies and 39 genera. Despite the large number of microcotylid species reported from other geographical localities, only 15 species in 9 genera have been reported in South America (Kohn and Cohen 1998, Kohn and Paiva 1999), 14 from marine and one from brackish water fishes. During recent studies on the helminth fauna of fishes from the freshwater reservoir of the hydroelectric power station of Itaipu, Parana River, a new species of a new genus of Microcotylinae was found on the gills of two different genera of catfishes.

It is described Trypanosoma nupelianus sp. n. parasitizing Rhinelepis aspera taken from Paraná river (Itaipu reservoir, Brazil). Morphometric characters such as body length, width of the body and nucleus dimensions show that T. nupelianus sp. n. is different from other trypanosomes described for fishes from tropical regions.

Utilization of the fish ladder installed at the Engenheiro Sergio Motta Dam (also known as Porto Primavera) on the Paraná River, Southern Brazil, by long-distance migrating potamodromous species (sampling Protocol I), and ascending and descending movements (Protocol II) were evaluated. Three pools along the fish ladder (designated as lower, middle, and upper) were sampled monthly between December, 2004 and March, 2005 to determine the abundance of species in the ladder. The ascending and descending movements of the species in the ladder were also analyzed in the same period. In the samples for both protocols, 37 species representing 17 families and 5 orders (Characiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Gymnotiformes, and Myliobatiformes) were recorded. Characiformes were represented by 21 species. Long- distance migratory species (11 species) predominated in the ladder (60% of the total number of individuals), with high abundance of Rhinelepis aspera (5645 individuals). For protocol I, mean abundance varied greatly among the months and pools, with lowest values in December and March for all pools, and highest in January for the lower pool due to high capture of R. aspera. Fish abundance declined from the lower to the upper pool, especially for R. aspera and Rhaphiodon vulpinus. For Protocol II, 17 species were recorded ascending the ladder, where Astyanax altiparanae and Leporinus friderici were the most abundant species (684 and 111 individuals, respectively). However, 18 species showed descending movements, with high captures of Metynnis maculatus and A. altiparanae (339 and 319 individuals, respectively). Twelve species (52%) moved in both directions, and among the seven migratory species sampled, four were recorded ascending and descending, and three species only ascending the ladder. The fish ladder appears to selectively favor species with high swimming capabilities. A discussion is presented on the requirements for future research on attraction to the fish ladder entrance, downstream movements, fish utilization of the ladder, and impacts on spawning and rearing habitat both upstream and downstream of the dam. A utilização da escada para peixes instalada na barragem Engenheiro Sergio Motta (também conhecida como Porto Primavera) no rio Paraná, no sudeste do Brasil, por espécies potamódromas de longa distância (protocolo I) e os movimentos ascendentes e descendentes (protocolo II) foram avaliados. Três tanques ao longo da escada para peixes (denominados como foz, meio e tomada) foram amostrados mensalmente entre dezembro de 2004 a março de 2005 para avaliar a abundância de espécies na escada. Os movimentos ascendentes e descendentes das espécies na escada foram analisados no mesmo período. Nas amostragens relativas aos protocolo I e II, foram capturadas 37 espécies representando 17 famílias e cinco ordens (Characiformes, Siluriformes, Perciformes, Gymnotiformes e Myliobatiformes). Os Characiformes foram representados por 21 espécies. Espécies migradoras de longa distância (11 espécies) predominaram (60% do total), com maior abundância de Rhinelepis aspera (5645 indivíduos). A abundância média variou entre os meses e tanques para o protocolo I, com menores valores em dezembro e março para todos os tanques, e maiores em janeiro no tanque foz, devido a maior captura de R. aspera. A abundância de peixes diminuiu do tanque foz para o tanque tomada, especialmente para R. aspera e Rhaphiodon vulpinus. Nas capturas relativas ao protocolo II, foram capturadas 17 espécies ascendendo a escada: Astyanax altiparanae e Leporinus friderici foram as mais abundantes (com 684 e 111 indivíduos, respectivamente). Entretanto, 18 espécies apresentaram movimentos descendentes, com elevadas capturas de Metynnis maculatus e A. altiparanae (339 e 319 indivíduos, respectivamente). Doze espécies apresentaram movimentos ascendentes e descendentes na escada, e das sete espécies migradoras amostradas, quatro apresentaram movimentos para cima e para baixo, e três espécies somente subiram. Esta escada para peixes parece favorecer seletivamente espécies com elevada capacidade de natação. As necessidades de pesquisas futuras para elucidar sobre a atratividade da escada, movimentos descendentes, utilização da escada pelos peixes e os impactos sobre as áreas de reprodução e criadouros, ambos a montante e jusante da barragem, são discutidos.