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Current research and development in recognizing and predicting driving behaviors plays an important role in the development of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). For this reason, many machine learning approaches have been developed and applied. Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a suitable algorithm due to its ability to handle time series data and state transition descriptions. Therefore, this contribution will focus on a review of HMM and its applications. The aim of this contribution is to analyze the current state of various driving behavior models and related HMM-based algorithms. By examining the current available approaches, a review is provided with respect to: i) influencing factors of driving behaviors corresponding to the research objectives of different driving models, ii) summarizing HMM related methods applied to driving behavior studies, and iii) discussing limitations, issues, and future potential works of the HMM-based algorithms. Conclusions with respect to the development of intelligent driving assistant system and vehicle dynamics control systems are given.

ملخص البحث أثر توظيف الحائط الإلکترونى على تنميه مهارات الطلاب لتقنيتى الطباعه بالإستنسل والديکوباج والدمج بينهما أدرکت البشرية فى الوقت الحاضر أن التعلم ليس مجرد ما ننجزه فى الحجرة الصفية تحت إشراف المعلم بل هو عملية أشمل وأوسع من ذلک بکثير، کما أدرکت أنه ليس من الضرورى کى يحدث التعلم ان يکون هنالک سبورة ودفتر بل هناک الکثير من الوسائل والوسائط التى يمکن من خلالها أن يتعلم الفرد. وأهتم الخبراء فى تأمين بيئه تربوية ملائمة ومناخ عام يستثير دافعية التعلم لدى الطلاب، ويرسخ المعارف المکتسبه، ويفتح أمامهم أفاقا جديده تحتم التوسع فى إستخدام التقنيات الإلکترونيه فى العملية التربوية لتحسين عمليتى التعلم حيث أن إستخدام التقنيات والوسائط التعليميه الجديثة فى عمليتى التعليم والتعلم لم يعد ترفا بل ضرورة فرضتها التطورات التکنولوجية الهائلة التى أضافها عصر المعلومات والتعليم الألکترونى ومن هذه التطورات إستخدام البرامج الإلکترونية بصورة کليه او جزئيه فى العملية التعليمية. فقد رأت الباحثتان انه يمکن الإستفاده من هذا التطور بإستخدام الحائط الإلکترونى فى تنميه بعض مهارات الطباعة بالأستنسل ومهارة الديکوباج ومهارة الدمج بينهما على القماش وهو ما أوجد الحاجه إلى البحث للإجابة على التساؤل الرئيسى الآتى: ما أثر توظيف الحائط الإلکترونى على تنمية معارف ومهارات تقنيتى الطباعه بالإستنسل والديکوباج والدمج بينهما. وتهدف الدراسة الى التعرف على أثر توظيف الحائط الإلکترونى على تنمية معارف ومهارت تقنيتى الطباعه بالإستنسل والديکوباج والدمج بينهما. وقد إستخدمت الباحثتان فى تطبيق البحث عدة أدوات ( الإختبار التحصيلى – الإختبار المهارى – بطاقة ملاحظة - مقياس التقدير ) وتم تحکيم الإختبارات وبطاقة الملاحظة والمقياس من قبل متخصصين ، وأظهرت النتائج الإحصائية إمکانيه توظيف الحائط الإلکترونى على تنمية معارف ومهارت تقنيتى الطباعه بالإستنسل والديکوباج والدمج بينهما لدى الطلاب مما ساهم فى تحقيق أهداف البحث. الکلمات المفتاحيه: الحائط الإلکترونى- الطباعه بالإستنسل – الديکوباج- تنمية- مهاره Summary The effect of using the Pad let wall on developing students' skills of Stencil printing and decoupage techniques and merging them Introduction and research problem: Humanity has realized at the present time that learning is not just what we accomplish in the classroom under the supervision of the teacher, but it is a much more comprehensive and broader process, and it has also realized that it is not necessary for learning to happen that there is a blackboard and notebook, but there are many means and media through which it can To learn the individual. The experts were interested in securing an appropriate educational environment and a general climate that stimulates the students' learning motivation, consolidates the acquired knowledge, and opens up new horizons for them that necessitate the expansion of the use of electronic technologies in the educational process to improve the two learning processes, as the use of modern educational technologies and media in the teaching and learning processes is no longer a luxury. The necessity imposed by the tremendous technological developments added by the information age and e-learning, and among these developments is the use of electronic programs in whole or in part in the educational process. The two researchers believed that this development could be used by using the padlet wall to develop some of the skills of stenciling printing, the skill of decoupage and the skill of merging them on the canvas, which created the need for research to answer the following main question: What is the effect of employing the padlet wall on developing the knowledge and skills of the techniques of stenciling and decoupage printing, and merging them? The study aims to identify the effect of employing the padlet wall on developing the knowledge and skills of the techniques of stenciling and decoupage printing and merging them. The researchers used several tools in the application of the research (achievement test - skill test - note card - grading scale). The tests, the observation card and scale were judged by specialists, and the statistical results showed the possibility of employing the padlet wall to develop knowledge and skills in the techniques of stenciling and decoupage printing and merging them among students Which contributed to achieving the research objectives. key words: padlet wall - stenciling - decoupage - development - skill

Background: Substances present in nature have been a continuous source for the development of drugs for cardiovascular and infectious diseases, cancer, and many other diseases. As the literature concerning these natural products grows, it becomes more difficult for a reader to quickly grasp the essential facts and develop a well-informed impression of this field of research. Until now, it has also been difficult to determine which natural products and research objectives were receiving the most attention as measured by number of citations. Objective: The current study of all published articles concerned with natural products sought to identify which natural products and which research objectives are connected with the major contributors to scientific journals based on the number of relevant publications and the number of times each publication was cited elsewhere. Methods: Bibliometric data, including citation data, were extracted from the Web of Science database using the search string TS=(“natural product*)” and analyzed by the VOSviewer software. Results: The search yielded 63,194 articles, with more than half of the manuscripts published since 2012. The ratio of original articles to reviews was 5.8:1. The major contributing countries were the United States, China, Germany, Japan, and India. Articles were published mainly in journals focused on chemistry, pharmacology or biochemistry. Curcumin, resveratrol, and terpenoids were the most frequently cited natural products. Conclusion: The results of the current study provide researchers from different backgrounds and healthcare professionals with a brief overview of the major trends in natural-product research in the form of a citation-based summary of the relevant literature.

Pendahuluan: Bayi prematur adalah bayi yang dilahirkan dengan masa gestasi kurang dari 37 minggu dan dengan berat badan yang rendah menyebabkan perawatan pada bayi prematur harusdilakukan dengan baik terutama menjaga kestabilan suhu dan frekuensi denyut jantung. Terapi sentuhan merupakan salah satu terapi nonfarmakologis yang dapat diberikan pada bayi prematur. Tujuan penelitian mengidentifikasi pengaruh terapi sentuhan terhadap suhu bayi prematur. Metode: Penelusuran artikel penelitian dibeberapa database menggunakan kata kunci tertentu dalam periode tahu 2015-2020 , Hasil penelusuran didapatkan 10 artikel menggunakan intervensi keperawatan , hanya 6 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Analisis kritis terhadap 6 artikel dilakukn berdasarkan desain populasi, sampel, perlakuan, temuan dan kesimpulan, Hasil dan Pembahasan: Penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa efektivitas penerapan terapi sentuhan dan musik lullaby dengan peningkatn suhu tubuh. Kesimpulan: Sehingga disarankan bagi para medis dan masyarakat untuk dapat memberikan asuhan terapi sentuhan dan musik untuk meningkatkan suhu tubuh pada bayi prematur sebagai terapi alternatif non-farmakologi. Kata kunci: Musik, lullaby, prematur,vital signs.dan Bayi prematur, sentuhan, suhu

The values ​​of struggle and moral values ​​in literature are dependent on each other. Literature is strongly influenced by the values ​​of struggle and moral values, so that everything contained in morals and struggles is reflected in literature. Thus, literary works can be approached using the values ​​of struggle and moral values. The problem of this research is about the value of struggle and moral values ​​contained in the folklore of Saba Nan Aluih. The purpose of this study is to describe the description of the values ​​of struggle and moral values ​​in the folklore of Saba Nan Aluih. The data of this study is a description of the values ​​of struggle and moral values ​​in the folklore of Saba Nan Aluih. The method used is descriptive method with qualitative analysis by describing the description of the values ​​of struggle and moral values ​​in the folklore of Saba Nan Aluih. This method is based on consideration of the suitability of the research form with the research objectives. The research instrument was carried out by means of a documentation study. Documentation study was conducted on the folklore of Saba Nan Aluih with an analysis approach to the value of struggle and moral values. From the results of this study, it can be found the results of research on the value of struggle in terms of, the value of self-sacrifice, the value of unity, the value of respect, the value of sabra and unyielding spirit, and the value of cooperation. Based on moral values, moral values ​​in human relations with oneself are divided into, responsibility for education. The moral values ​​of human relations with other humans are divided into, parental advice to children, advice between friends, parental love for children, and child affection for parents.

Since ancient times, people have been using plants not only for a source of food, but also for a source of medicine. In the Malay culture, many ethnomedicinal plants are being used for various medicinal properties. This knowledge is recorded in many ancient Malay manuscripts that acknowledge many different local names of plants and its traditional uses and practices. This study will be discussing one of the ancient Malay manuscript named “Hikayat Nurul-lisan Menjawab Masalah” whereby the original work was written in Jawi alphabets. Fortunately, Harun Mat Piah in his book, “Kitab Tib Ilmu Perubatan Melayu” had transliterated the work to Latin alphabets and organised it to a better structure which makes the content readily accessible and easily interpreted for Malay researchers. The purpose of this study is to analyse and tabulate ethnomedicinal plants documented in the transliterated manuscript which mentioned gastrointestinal benefits. To attain the research objectives, qualitative thematic analysis will be employed on the manuscript in order to classify different themes in the text systematically. Among illnesses frequently mentioned in the manuscript are gastrointestinal related, such as digestion, bloating, diarrhea and others. The study highlights that there are 36 number of plants mentioned in the manuscript which relates to gastrointestinal diseases. There are many different practice of use, whereby some are with detailed explanation, and others very general. Some plants are mentioned as being used for the well-being of the digestive system. This study is imperative for comprehensively structuring the traditional knowledge obtained in the manuscript for easy reference and access to other researchers locally and internationally. Besides to enrich our traditional knowledge on ethnomedicinal plants, this research will indirectly serve to preserve one of an important Malay cultural heritage. Keywords: Ethnomedicinal plants; Thematic analysis; Malay ancient manuscript; Malaysia medicinal plants; Gastrointestinal

The article presents the results of the influence of new recipes of feed additives, made on the basis of local resources, on the biochemical parameters of the blood of dairy cows of the Simmental breed in the conditions of Yakutia. Research objectives: 1) study the chemical composition of new recipes for feed additives produced from local resources; 2) determination of the influence of the new formulation of feed additives from local resources on the biochemical parameters of blood in cattle of the Simmental breed. In our experiments, there were no statistically significant changes in the biochemical parameters of blood during the period of the experiments, all the studied blood parameters, both at the beginning and at the end of the experiments, in all groups of animals were within the physiological norms and did not have significant differences between the groups. Consequently, feeding the formulation of feed additives in the composition of Tammi barley, Tuymaada wheat, Pokrovsky and Vilensky oats, dry brewer’s grain, Hongurin zeolite, Hongurinobakt probiotic in the diet of cows and heifers of the Simmental breed contributed to the activation of vital processes in the body, assimilation of feed and improved appetite. It should be noted that the cows of the II experimental group showed a tendency to increase the composition of amino acids. At the beginning of the experiment, the blood lysine content increased by 5.22 mg/% compared with the control and by 5.79 mg /% — with the I experimental group, methionine — by 19.67 mg/% and by 10.02 mg/% respectively. The same pattern is observed for the rest of the amino acid composition at the end of the experiment. The data obtained indicate that the optimization of the feed rations of Simmental cows in terms of the content of vitamins of groups A and C through the use of the formulation of protein-vitamin-mineral feed additives had a positive effect on the hematopoietic function. So, if the content of vitamins A and C at the beginning of the experiment was low, then at the end of the experiment the same indicators returned to normal.

The purpose of study is the assessment of global COVID-19 on small and medium scale enterprises (SMEs) with the case of Technological Incubation Centre (TIC), Ibadan. Three research objectives were raised. A descriptive survey research design was used. The population of the study is 29. Total census survey was adopted as the sampling technique. SPSS software 25 analysis was used to analyze the data. The study concluded that there has been an increase in all the inputs needed for the production processes at the Centre. Therefore, sales of goods at the period of the COVID-19 have been negatively affected, which has similarly impacted employment generation. It’s recommended that the management of the TIC should assist the businesses to mitigate the adverse effect of COVID-19 while the Nigerian government should consider the SMEs as an important sub-sector that could restore the economy to a period of better economic growth. © 2018 Editions de l'Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales. All rights reserved.

The knitting industry has proven over the ages its ability to adapt quickly to the change in market needs and different fashion lines, the knitting industry is characterized by the ability to change its styles quickly compared to other industries in the fashion world, this flexibility is one of the reasons for the success of the knitting industry, and the advanced technology currently used Helped its expand in the fashion markets. The design of knitwear depends on the structural design of the knitted fabric and the external design of the garment shape, both of which is related to the other and are related to the type of machine used and methods of production, which show the distinctive features of the produced garment and affect how it is constructed and the designed. The thread is one of the structural design factors for the knitted fabric. Its properties are one of the most influential factors on the properties of the fabrics. The properties of the threads differ according to the type of material and the method of production. The appearance of the threads and the effects they have on the fabrics also differ accordingly. The most recently used of these types are metallic threads, which work to increase the aesthetic and decorative appearance of the fabrics produced. Therefore, the current research tended to add metallic threads in the production of weft knitting fabrics to benefit from its aesthetic properties to enrich the produced fabrics. Research Problem: The research problem can be identified in the following questions: 1- What is the effect of adding metallic threads to weft knitting fabrics? 2- What is the effect of the different structures of weft knitting fabrics produced by adding metallic threads? Research objectives: 1- Obtaining aesthetic and decorative designs for weft knitting fabrics by adding metallic threads. 2- Obtaining structural designs used for weft knitting fabrics by adding metallic threads. Research importance: 1- Obtaining new appearance properties for weft knitting fabrics by adding metallic threads. 2- Achieving aesthetic values for weft knitted fabrics produced by adding metallic threads. Tools: A questionnaire to evaluate the produced fabrics. Methodology: This research follows the analytical experimental method. Results: 1- The specialist judges agreed that the addition of metallic threads to the weft knitting fabrics suits the structural purpose in the design of the proposed designs, as all opinions occurred at an appropriate level and the percentages of agreement ranged between (82.78%-95.83%). 2- The specialist judges agreed that adding metallic threads to weft knitting fabrics achieved the aesthetic aspect of the design of the proposed designs, as all opinions were signed at an appropriate level and the percentages of agreement ranged between (85.67%-99.0%). 3- The specialist judges agreed that adding metallic threads to weft knitting fabrics achieved the innovative aspect of the design of the proposed designs, as all opinions were signed at an appropriate level and the percentage of agreement ranged between (87.50% - 94.17%).

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengkaji dampak pariwisata di tengah pandemi Covid-19 terhadap lingkungan Pantai Sanur. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode observasi dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan penelitian yaitu analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dianalisis disajikan menggunakan teknik formal dan informal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pariwisata berdampak positif dan negatif terhadap lingkungan Pantai Sanur di tengah pandemi Covid-19 saat ini. Dampak positif pariwisata di tengah pandemi Covid-19 terhadap lingkungan pantai Sanur antara lain ketersediaan jalan yang luas bagi wisatawan, lingkungan tertata rapi, polusi air laut berkurang, tepi pantai bersih, dan sampah an-organik seperti plastik, botol, dan sejenisnya yang berasal dari restoran maupun pedagang berkurang. Namun, dampak negatif pariwisata di tengah pandemi Covid-19 terhadap lingkungan pantai Sanur antara lain sampah organik seperti daun yang gugur mendominasi, terjadi polusi udara akibat pembakaran daun, dan sampah organik seperti daun bertumpuk.

Regulatory coherence is crucial to effectively respond to the growing pressures that our oceans are facing. Applying the interpretative lens of ocean connectivity to ocean governance can help address the challenges from a material, epistemic, and geopolitical viewpoint. This special issue intends to uncover various understandings of ocean connectivity taking into account the complex biocultural interactions happening in the marine environment. The research aim is divided into two objectives: (1) to explore the various conceptualizations of ocean connectivity; and (2) to provide a critical analysis on how the law (of the sea) considers or disregards ocean connectivity. Our research methodology combines a literature review and a mapping technique that examines the models of connectivity. The mapping technique has been developed by adopting the ‘one-pager approach’, where the authors have been asked to answer two research questions, aligned with our research objectives. We structured the work into an introductory section and three main articles. The understanding of ocean connectivity is key to developing international marine policy and suggesting legal tools for the protection of the marine environment. Moving from this angle towards an understanding of connectivity which includes bio-centric elements, Indigenous cosmo-visions, and anthropocentric connectivity, we identified three models of connectivity and explored their suitability to address the systemic challenges.

Background : The prevalence of anemic pregnant women in Indonesia in 2018 was still high which was at 48.9%. Pregnant women are vulnerable to nutritional problems and other diseases, including being infected with the Covid-19 virus. One of the preventive measures is to eat nutritious foods such as foods that are a source of antioxidants. The use of crackels (catfish crackers and Moringa) as an alternative snack for pregnant women is the right step because crackels contain high nutrients. The research objectives were to develop crackels, to analyze the nutritional content and their organoleptic quality. Methods : This research is an experimental study with substitution treatment of Moringa leaf flour towards catfish crackers conducted at the Laboratory of Mitra Indonesia University and State Polytechnic of Lampung. Six treatments were done with four repetitions. Data analysis used Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS for windows version 20. The tests used were non-parametric statistical tests, Anova, and paired sample t test. Result : Crackels formula that has been developed with the best acceptance and quality was formula F1 (3.49) which was derived from the addition of 10 grams of Moringa leaf flour and 30 grams of catfish flour. The best nutritional content of crackels is namely, energy 403 kcal, protein 21.3%, fat 15%, carbohydrates 45.7%, iron 8.32 mg/100g, calcium 29.6 mg/100g, sodium 672 mg/100g, and antioxidants indicated by % inhibition ranging from 32- 35% and IC50 value of 68.34%. Conclusion : The best crackels was the crackels which contain 10 grams of Moringa leaf flour and 30 grams of catfish which are effective as sources of antioxidants for pregnant women with antioxidants indicated by % inhibition ranging from 32- 35% . Keywords : anemic pregnant mother, antioxidant, catfish, crackers, moringa

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the meaning of the literacy movement in Buru district, where the movement's stated objective is to increase human resources. The issue is focused on the implementation process, which has been underway for three years but has yet to demonstrate the program's significance and impact on the community's real conditions. The approach taken in this study is qualitative, and the number of informants interviewed will be 15. These informants will be chosen purposefully, with the understanding that respondents will be considered related parties in order to accomplish the research objectives. The research was conducted in Namlea village, Buru district, with informants that included village officials, BPD members, representatives of community leaders, traditional leaders, and religious leaders, as well as community representatives with competencies relevant to the research objectives. This study collects data about the literacy movement's implementation through observation and in-depth interviews. In this research, I employ qualitative data analysis in accordance with Miles, Huberman, and Spradley's concepts. This study concludes that the program-based literacy movement has not yet fully grasped the meaning; people's awareness of literacy has focused on participation levels but not on activities that promote relaxation, protect the brain, prevent disease, and prolong life.

Research relevance is the study of iron-containing nanocomposites based on humic substances is their special properties, composition, structure and applications. Materials and research methods: the article was compiled using a literature review of publications on iron-containing nanocomposites based on humic substances. Research objectives: determination of the structure and types of iron-containing nanocomposites based on humic substances and their field of application in medicine. Research results: Iron oxide nanoparticles are applicable in the development of nanomedicine due to their adaptable functions. Humic substances are composed of supramolecular heteropolymers, which include natural objects. Conclusions: Iron-containing nanocomposites can be used in biomedicine as diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Humic substances are organic macromolecules with multiple properties and high structural complexity.

This study was aimed to describe the deixis usage in the novel of Ketika Cinta Bertasbih 1 by Habiburrahman El-Shirazy. Theoretically, this study is expected to be useful for the researcher of language and literature, and practically, this research can contribute the importance of understanding and preserving literature through language. The researcher used a qualitative descriptive method to analyze the content. Furthermore, the data collection had been transcribed and grouped based on the characteristic, form, and function that were related to the formulation of the research objectives. Based on the data analysis, this analysis found the usage of all kinds of deixis included person (I, you, they, we, he/she), time (now, tomorrow, later), place (here), discourse (it, that), and social (sir).

“Bombo cakalang” is one type of traditional fishing gear used to catch skipjack in Iwoimendaa Water Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The contruction of “bombo cakalang” is the one net that floating on the surface water. The research objectives was to describe about the fishing gear technology of “bombo cakalang” related to contruction, the methode of fishing, and fishing ground of skipjack in Iwoimendaa Water Kolaka Regency. The research method use is a survey method by collecting the data on result of observation at the study site. Data analyze are using qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The results showed that (1) the contruction of “bombo cakalang” are composed of net with hanging ratio (E1) in 46,59% and E2 in 0,31%, net frame (float), line hauler, and barrier stake, buoyancy force (B) in 1,037 Kgf dan sinking force (S) in 0,303 Kgf; (2) the methode of fishing are trapping, tangling and deception; The fishing ground are the coastal Bone Bay, coordinates in 03°778’77”-03°791’44” Southern Latitude and 21°068’32” - 121°110’07” East Longtitude, sea surface temperature (SST) in 25°C - 28°C and the salinity in 31‰ - 33‰. Key word: “bombo cakalang”, Iwoimendaa, skipjack

Scholars have begun to shift their focus from leadership to followership. The results of several studies indicate that followership has several positive impacts. One type of followership that exists is authentic followership. Several scholars have created several authentic followership models that have been published in journals. In this paper, we will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of existing authentic followership models. The method used in this paper is by conducting a scoping review to answer the research objectives. Scoping review is a method for synthesizing and categorizing research results based on the literature review that has been carried out. Furthermore, the analysis used in this scoping review is thematic analysis. As a result, each authentic followership model has its own strengths and weaknesses. In addition, based on the perspective of the underlying theory, the three existing authentic followership models can be divided into two perspectives. The two perspectives are state and trait perspectives. This paper will also discuss the criticism of the state and trait perspectives. The practical implication of this paper is that there is a need to develop an authentic followership model based on the results of existing research.

Demotivation is a complex problem that many foreign language (FL) learners faced, and it is caused by a variety of factors including the teacher, poor self-esteem, and previous bad language learning experiences(BABA KHOUYA, 2018). This study aimed to understand the demotivating factors on EFL students in online learning. The participants of this study were three students of the third grade of senior high school in Karawang. This study used a qualitative case study design to address the research objectives. The data for this study was gathered through semi-structured interview questions as an instrument of this study. The collecting data was obtained through Google meeting. The result of this study revealed that there are two demotivating factors on EFL students in online learning. Those are the teacher’s methods and learning material. In this case, the researcher found out that those factors are from the external factors. In the teacher’s method, there are two aspects that demotivate EFL students in online learning. The first aspect is because the teacher always speaks English all the time during learning. The second is because the teacher did not evaluate the students’ assignments. The last factor is the learning materials, the students get difficult to understand the materials during online learning. Keywords: demotivation factors, online learning.

The implementation of the Continuous Professional Development (PKB) program in improving the quality of primary school teachers in Garut Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia, has not been effective. The research objectives are: (1) to find out the existing PKB program planning carried out by elementary school teachers. (2) to find out the results and impact of the implementation of the PKB program on elementary school teachers, (3) to find a hypothetical model of PKB activities that is more effective for elementary school teachers. The method used is a qualitative method with a case study approach. Data were obtained through observation, observation, interviews and review of documents with research participants as many as 3 elementary schools representing 3 teacher working groups (KKG). Furthermore, the data were analyzed through transcription, data organization, recognition, coding and triingualization.The results of the study found that the Continuing Professional Development (PKB) program for elementary school teachers had not been effective in terms of planning, implementing, evaluating, organizing, and planning follow-up aspects. The resulting impact is only in the aspect of teacher self-development which has increased, while the teacher research culture is still low. To overcome this gap, the researcher offers a hypothetical model of School-Based Continuous Professional Development (PKB) as an alternative model to support the implementation of the existing KKG (Teacher Working Group)-based PKB.Keywords: Teacher, CPD (Continous Professional Development), School Based

The implementation of the Java-Bali Community Activity Restrictions (IRCA) has an impact on all sectors of society. The response to It policy was a decrease in economic activity through the tourism sector which resulted in a decrease in Bandung City's Original Regional Revenue (ROI) in 2020, which was around IDR 319 billion, even though income from the tourism sector contributed 24 % of revenue to ROI. This study was conducted to analyze how the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Regional Original Income (ROI) sourced from hotel and restaurant taxes. The author is interested in studying, namely: a) knowing what sectors in local taxes are affected, and b) how is the role of local taxes in the economic development of the city of Bandung. This research is a qualitative descriptive study using library research methods using the available literature, namely scientific journals, secondary data, and other sources relevant to the research objectives. The results of It study are Bandung City Regional Tax revenue which has decreased by IDR 159.701.335449 for hotel tax and IDR 155.958.801.270 for restaurant tax. The impact of the decline in revenue from local taxes is the delay in the realization of welfare programs for the people of Bandung City which are sourced from taxes. Bandung City Regional Tax revenue which decreased by IDR 159.701.335449 for hotel tax and IDR 155.958.801.270 for restaurant tax. The impact of the decline in revenue from local taxes is the delay in the realization of welfare programs for the people of Bandung City which are sourced from taxes. Bandung City Regional Tax revenue which decreased by IDR 159.701.335449 for hotel tax and IDR 155.958.801.270 for restaurant tax. The impact of the decline in revenue from local taxes is the delay in the realization of welfare programs for the people of Bandung City which are sourced from taxes.

The implementation of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in English curriculum has led to the use of CEFR aligned foreign textbooks in Malaysian schools. However, the application of CEFR English textbooks from the United Kingdom has encountered a few oppositions as the advocates of Malaysian based textbooks believe that English should be written contextually by emphasizing the local cultures and histories. In lieu of this, a group of in service teachers in a Masters course had developed and evaluated each others Oral History materials. The research objectives are to find out what are the material evaluation criteria frequently attended to by in service TESL teachers when evaluating an oral history workbook and to what extent the in-service teachers have gained from evaluating oral history workbook developed by their peers. A mixed methodology research approach using basic frequency count, percentages and qualitative data was employed in this study. Data was gathered from 109 in service TESL teachers via their Personal Reflective Journal (PRJ), which they had written after evaluating an oral history workbook based on Tomlinsons and Mukundans evaluation checklists. The findings showed the frequently attended criteria by the in service teachers and that there are new criteria that can be added to the evaluation checklists. It is anticipated that this study could encourage educators to develop their own classroom materials, for material evaluators to consider the English textbook contextually and for a revision to the material evaluation checklists to reflect current 21st century pedagogy.

The paper aims at investigating reading difficulties that the primary school learners face in English language. Keeping in view the aim of the study, it was further divided into two research objectives: To find out the factors that were causing difficulties in reading English text and To find out the effects that such factors have on the students’ performance in reading a text in English. The data was collected using two separate tools for each of the research objectives. Data for the first objective was collected using a semi-structured interview with the English teachers of the mentioned locale of the study. For the second objective non-participatory observation was selected as a method to collect data which included a check-list as a tool to mark the effects in the performance of the students with respect to their reading texts in English Language. As far as the analysis of the data is concerned, it was thematically analyzed and the effects were mentioned following the discussion related to the findings of the first research objective. Finally, it was concluded that the students were unable to read the text because of some flaws in the teaching methodology, their lack interest in reading, which was a result of lack of motivation from the parents’ as well as teachers’ side. The rest of the findings are given in the respective sections.

This study aimed to examined the effect of Electronic Word-Of-Mouth on Samsung brand evaluation moderated brand credibility. The population in this study is infinite numberwhich contained by all the people who are using the Samsung products in Medan. The number of samples used in this study are 100 respondents with technique of determining the sample is purposive random sampling with judgment sampling method that researchers use certain criteria that will be used as a sample in this study. The type of research used in this study is the type of causality research. The independent variable in this research is electronic word-of-mouth, and the dependent variable is the brand evaluation and the moderation/intervening variable is brand credibility. The results showed that partially electronic word-of-mouth has a positive and significant effect on brand credibility, electronic word-of-mouth have positive and significant effect on brand evaluation, brand credibility has a positive and significant impact on brand evaluation, electronic word-of- mouth has a positive and significant influence on brand evaluation with brand credibility as a moderating variable. In addition, the results of this study also indicate that there is an indirect effect of the more dominant electronic word-of-mouth on brand evaluation through brand credibility is 0.529. The conclusion in this research is E-WOM not directly against Samsung brand evaluation in Medan. Suggestions for further research are to add more independent variables and use SEM analysis tools with more objectives in research objectives and targets.

The purpose of this study is to establish a relationship between the village head and the village consultative body in Ubung, Buru Regency. The research problem is focused on the collaboration between the village head and the village consultative body in containing the spread of Covid-19 in Ubung. The study employed a qualitative approach, with a total of twenty informants chosen at random. This study was conducted in the village of Ubung, with informants including village officials, members of the Village Consultative Body, representatives of community leaders, traditional leaders, and religious leaders, as well as community representatives considered to possess competencies relevant to the research objectives. This study collects data about the partnership relationship through observation and in-depth interviews. The analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis under Miles, Huberman, and Spradley's concepts. This study concludes that the village is extremely responsive in planning and implementing the management of Covid-19, making it easier for the community to be involved. The village side also adjusts to the existing conditions to carry out the control of Covid-19, specifically by conducting analysis and identification to decipher the program of activities that will be planned in collaboration with the Village Consultative Body. In the division of Village Consultative Body tasks, the village government prioritizes development sector implementation and public awareness, while the village government focuses more on-field segmentation planning.

This study aims to identify the relationship between the village head and the Village Consultative Body (BPD) in the use of village funds in the village of Karang Jaya, Namlea District, and explain the influence on the development of village communities. The problem is focused on the use of village funds which should be a stimulus for development in each village, but, in management, there are often problems that hinder village development. This study seeks to see and get deeper into the relationship that has been built between the village head and the BPD in the village of Karang Jaya. The approach used in this study uses a qualitative approach. The number of informants who will be interviewed is 15 people taken purposively, considering that respondents are regarded as related parties to achieve the research objectives. Researchers used observational data collection techniques and in-depth interviews to obtain data on the implementation of the village fund program. The analysis technique used in this research is qualitative data analysis following the concepts given by Miles and Huberman, and Spradley. This study concludes that the parallel relationship pattern between the BPD and the village head in the management of the village government as regulated in the legislation, it turns out that in its implementation, there is enough response so that the working relationship becomes harmonious and leads to a pattern of cooperation and shows a tendency to share tasks that are parallel between the heads. Villages and BPD in the use of village funds.

Through education, societies raise the awareness within future generations and shape them as they wish. Due to the importance of educational institutions, organizational commitment of employees in educational institutions is also important. Detection and comparison of organizational commitment before and during the pandemic will be an important source of data in this challenging period. The aim of the research is to evaluate the situation of providing and developing organizational commitment of administrators and teachers in educational organizations before and during the pandemic in public primary schools in the 2020-2021 education period. In line with the research objectives, open-ended questions were asked to 20 teachers and 20 administrators, and the data of the research were obtained. After the analysis of the research data, the following conclusions were reached: When the participants were mentioned about organizational commitment, it was concluded that the teachers and administrators thought of the work commitment (loyalty). The results show that before the pandemic, administrators organized dining events according to the teachers’ and the administrators' views in order to ensure organisational commitment. The teachers defend that an equal and fair environment should be reached when developing organisational commitment while the administrators think the environment should be motivating. In order to provide, develop and maintain the organisational commitment, teachers believe that it is important to be equal and fair and the administrators believe that constructive criticism should be present. It has been concluded that during the pandemic, to ensure organisational commitment, the administrators arrange online meetings according to the teachers’ and the administrators’ opinion. While teachers mention the need to be in close dialogue (continuous dialogue) to develop organizational commitment, administrators say that there should be an effective communication environment. Also, according to the teachers, in providing, developing and maintaining organizational commitment, it is necessary to be motivating, it is achieved through good (effective) communication according to the views of the administrators. Keywords: Manager1, Pandemic(Covid-19)2, Education3, Organizational Commitment4

Intellectual maturity depends on (perception - comprehension - adaptation) and this is achieved through the process of mutual interaction between the user and the product within the surrounding environment, so the more attractive the product, the more the person approaches it, and this is the first principle of the interactive design in order to achieve a more effective user experience. Interactive design is exciting way for a product to interact with the user, combining everything we know about design and function into one concept. The interactive design achieves some advantages, including ease of use and ability to learn. The possibility of action; many applications fall under interactive design today. Perhaps the most important of which are applications that use interactive surface technologies in teaching and learning, which gave the educational environment an active interactive dimension that was not available before. so therefore interactive educational games appeared. And in this context the idea of research came in the framework of integrating interactive games and making use of Its advantages in pieces of metal furniture for the educational environment of the kindergarten; where the study deals with the employment and use of interactive design techniques as an activity and concept in the application, especially the furnishing process for the role of kindergartens in Egypt due to its importance and role in developing the skills of the child's abilities and imparting new knowledge and skills. Hence the importance of the role of kindergartens in developing children's skills through education through interactive play that is derived from best practices of international standards in children's education, where interactive furniture design can play a pivotal role in it, and thus be able to respond to the inputs that the child does; And it increases his love for exploration and research and increases his dependence on himself and his exploration of the surrounding environment through his senses and learning from them. Statement of the problem: - Lack of widespread employment of interactive technologies in furnishing kindergartens in Egypt; - Neglect of educational and educational institutions to furnish kindergartens in a way that meets the needs of the child at this age, in addition to the lack of interactive aspect in furnishing kindergartens and paying attention to traditional furnishing; - The lack of flexible, interactive furniture that meets the physiological and psychological needs of children at that age and is compatible with the tremendous technological development. Research aims: Through this study one can formulate the research objectives as follows: - Employing and using modern technologies in designing interactive furniture for kindergartens that meet the different needs of the child at that age. - Monitoring the difficulties facing the design and furnishing of kindergartens in Egypt and their impact on the various behavior and needs of the child, whether physical or psychological; - Study the employment of the idea of learning through interactive play and take advantage of its advantages in designing interactive furniture. Research importance: The research derives its importance by keeping pace with the use of interactive technological developments in the metal furnishing of kindergarten children through understanding some points, including: - Developing the design awareness and knowledge of educational institutions. - Making use of interactive technologies in developing furniture for kindergarten children. - Developing the educational environment for kindergartens in Egypt by making use of the characteristics and advantages of interactive design techniques in furnishing these institutions. The methodology of the research: - The researcher follows the descriptive and analytical approach in monitoring and analyzing how the interactive design is used in furnishing the educational environment for the kindergarten stage in Egypt, and determining the consequences and expected of this study in furnishing the role of kindergartens. Results: The researcher's findings can be determined through the following: - The use of interactive technologies in the metal furnishing for the educational environment of the Kindergarten - Achieving the greatest amount of response to auditory, sensory and visual stimuli, making him able to develop his skills and give him the opportunity to learn flexibly. - Responding to the child's desires and providing comfort and an opportunity to learn through interaction - Meet the market desires in providing interactive, advanced metal furniture for the kindergarten children, far from the traditional furniture - The development of education through active participation between the child and the surrounding educational environment by providing interactive metal furniture - Take advantage of the learning advantages through interactive educational games in an easy way by merging them with the existing piece of furniture. لقد أثرت الثورة الرقمية والتکنولوجية فى جميع نواحى الحياة حيث ظهرت مفاهيم ومصطلحات حديثة لم تکن معروفة من قبل. ومن أهم المجالات التى ظهرت فيها الکثير من المصطلحات الحديثة مجال التعليم والتعلم وخاصة مايتعلق بوسائل وإستراتيجيات التعليم والتعلم بصفة عامة، ووسائل التعليم التفاعلية بصفة خاصة التى تأثرت بل وکان لها أثر کبير فى تغيير فهم الکثير من مصممى الأثاث التعليمي وخاصة فى مرحلة رياض الاطفال؛ فظهرت الکثير من الألعاب التعليمية التفاعلية کنتاج طبيعى لهذا التطور الفکرى والتکنولوجى بل أصبحت واحدة من أهم وسائل التعلم، نظرا لاستخدامها للعديد من المؤثرات السمعية والبصرية والحسية، مما جعل التعلم من خلالها أکثر تأثيرا؛ کما أن لها أثر کبير فى زيادة دافعية التعلم لدى الطفل، الأمر الذى أدى إلى جعل العملية التعليمية أکثر تشويقا وجاذبية، بالإضافة إلى زيادة قدرة الطفل على الإبداع وإکتساب المهارات. ومن هنا جاءت هذا البحث بهذا العنوان للإستفادة من التطور الکبير فى مجال الألعاب التفاعلية وإرتباطه بالتطور التقنية فى مجال التأثيث المعدنى لرياض الأطفال بهدف تحقيق أکبر إستفادة ممکنة ويمکن تطبيق ذلک من خلال الإستعانة بالتقنيات التفاعلية المختلفة ليصبح الأثاث المعدنى فى رياض الأطفال جزءا لا يتجزأ من العملية التعليمية التفاعلية. مشکلة البحث: الافتقار إلى توظيف التقنيات التفاعلية فى تأثيث رياض الأطفال بشکل واسع فى مصر وإهمال المؤسسات التعليمية والتربوية تأثيث رياض الاطفال بما يلبى احتياجات الطفل فى هذة المرحلة السنية، إلى جانب الافتقار إلى الجانب التفاعلي فى تأثيث رياض الاطفال والاهتمام بتأثيثها بشکل تقليدي. يضاف الى هذا الافتقار إلى أثاث تفاعلى مرن يلبى حاجات الأطفال الفسيولوجية والسيکولوجية فى تلک المرحلة السنية ويتلائم مع التطور التقنى الهائل. أهداف البحث : توظيف وإستخدام التقنيات الحديثة فى تصميم أثاث تفاعلى لرياض الأطفال، يلبى حاجات الطفل المختلفة فى تلک المرحلة السنية؛ ورصد الصعوبات التى تواجه تصميم وتأثيث دور رياض الأطفال فى مصر وتأثيرها على سلوک واحتياجات الطفل المختلفة سواء کانت مادية أو سيکولوجية؛ وکذلک دراسة توظيف فکرة التعلم من خلال اللعب التفاعلى والاستفادة من مميزاته فى تصميم أثاث تفاعلى

This paper explores opportunities for utilising cleantech in framing research on sustainability-oriented innovations in public procurement. Research objectives include a critical examination of whether cleantech is a distinct sector through a systematic literature review and synthesis of findings with public procurement research. The final analysis involved 31 peer reviewed academic papers along with additional publications obtained with the snowball-approach. The results suggest that cleantech could be used to analyse sustainability related research in the public procurement context. Cleantech is also helpful in enhancing research on public procurement of innovations and addressing societal benefits through local development. Findings unveil new opportunities in investigating better access of SMEs to public contracts through intermediaries, networks, and public-private partnerships. This paper is the first academic paper to analyse academic cleantech literature and link cleantech and public procurement fields. Such an approach is helpful in framing sustainability in public procurement research and stresses new ways of involving SMEs in public contracts.

Adequate design is an essential condition for conducting a successful study. This review describes the most common types of research design in medicine. We discuss the differences between different types of observational and interventional studies, their advantages and limitations providing examples for each study design. The concept of bias and its potential sources in different studies are covered. We suggest the most suitable approaches to study design for different research objectives and outline approaches to data presentation. During the last decades, several guidelines for conducting and reporting different types of research were proposed and they are also covered in this manuscript.