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The cropped area of Krishnagiri district is about 37 % of the total geographical area, and due to the utilization of non-agricultural purposes (8.2% of agricultural land) it is mandatory to increase the agricultural production to feed the people. So, this study has been planned to find the agricultural suitability and crop suitability of the Krishnagiri district using AHP-TOPSIS and GIS techniques. In this study, three main limiting factors, such as climate, soil, and topographical parameters (Annual average rainfall, Annual average temperature, slope, pH, Electrical conductivity (EC), Soil organic carbon (SOC), available NPK, and soil texture), were used as criteria for the suitability of crops. All criteria maps were generated using Arc info 10.4 software. The AHP used to estimate the weight and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution) approach was assign the rank of each criterion for the suitability analysis. Based on the relative closeness to the ideal solution(pi), the generated crop suitability maps were categorized into five classes, namely “highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N)”. The results revealed that, crop suitability maps finds that that maize, field bean, cluster bean, groundnut, pomegranate, lemon, and lemongrass were highly suitable for the Krishnagiri district. Rice, cotton, sugarcane, sunflower, and cashewnut were moderately suitable, and vanilla was unsuitable. This study will guide farm managers and land policymakers in making decisions and assist farmers in selecting crops that are highly suitable for achieving potential yield and profit.

Rising food demands are increasingly threatened by declining crop yields in urbanizing riverine regions of Southern Asia, exacerbated by erratic weather patterns. Optimizing agricultural land suitability (AgLS) offers a viable solution for sustainable agricultural productivity in such challenging environments. This study integrates remote sensing and field-based geospatial data with five machine learning (ML) algorithms—Naïve Bayes (NB), extra trees classifier (ETC), random forest (RF), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), and support vector machines (SVM)—alongside land-use/land-cover (LULC) considerations in the food-insecure Dharmapuri district, India. A grid searches optimized hyperparameters using factors such as slope, rainfall, temperature, texture, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium carbonate. The tuned ETC model showed the lowest root mean squared error (RMSE = 0.15), outperforming RF (RMSE = 0.18), NB (RMSE = 0.20), SVM (RMSE = 0.22), and KNN (RMSE = 0.23). The AgLS-ETC map identified 29.09% of the area as highly suitable (S1), 19.06% as moderately suitable (S2), 16.11% as marginally suitable (S3), 15.93% as currently unsuitable (N1), and 19.21% as permanently unsuitable (N2). By incorporating Landsat-8 derived LULC data to exclude forests, water bodies, and settlements, these suitability estimates were adjusted to 19.08% (S1), 14.45% (S2), 11.40% (S3), 10.48% (N1), and 9.58% (N2). Focusing on the ETC model, followed by land-use analysis, provides a robust framework for optimizing sustainable agricultural planning, ensuring the protection of ecological and social factors in developing countries.

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C4H12NO2+·C6H2N3O7−, contain two bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium cations and two picrate anions. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond occurs in each cation. In the crystal, molecules are linked via O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, which generate two R21(6), an R22(10) and an R22(13) graph-set ring motifs. There are also a number of C—H...O hydrogen bonds present. The sum of these interactions leads to the formation a three-dimensional structure.

The asymmetric unit of the title salt, C6H8NO+·C7H7O3S−, contains two cations and two anions. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked through extensive N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen-bonding interactions, which result in R44(18) and R21(4) ring motifs, forming a three-dimensional network.

In the title molecular salt, C6H9N2+·C7H4NO4−, the original pyridine N atom of 2-amino-4-methylpyridine is protonated and the carboxylic acid group of nitrobenzoic acid is deprotonated. In the crystal, the ions are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains propagating along [001]. The chains are linked via C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming two-dimensional networks lying parallel to the bc plane.

In the crystal of the title salt, C8H10NO2+·Br−, the bromide anions and the phenylglycinium cations are linked through N—H...Br, O—H...Br and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating sheets lying parallel to (001).

In the title adduct, 2C6H5NO3·C4H9NO, the morpholine ring adopts a chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the two nitrophenol rings is 69.47 (9)°. The nitro groups attached to the benzene rings make dihedral angles of 3.37 (16) and 3.14 (13)° in the two molecules of nitrophenol. The crystal structure is stabilized by N—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds and further consolidated by C—H...O interactions, resulting in a three-dimensional network.

A 60-year-old woman, a known diabetic and asthmatic, was admitted for acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Physical examination revealed two soft nodules in the left infra axillary region. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) showed fungal granulomatous reaction suggestive of fungal infection. Periodic acid Schiff stain (PAS stain) revealed PAS positive, acutely branching, septate fungal hyphae. Wet mount of the aspirate revealed plenty of pus cells and branching septate hyphae. Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain showed moderate numbers of acid fast bacilli. Culture yielded Aspergillus flavus and Mycobacterium fortuitum.

Background: A lack of healthy red blood cells such as iron deficiency frequently consequences as anemia. In expectant women, iron deficiency increases the risk of developmental delays in the fetus. It is utilized to regenerate red blood cells (RBC), which determines the storage and transport of oxygen in the body. As for oral symptoms and indications, it has an inclusive of atrophic glossitis, oral mucosa atrophy, and oral mucosa tenderness or a sensation with burning in mouth. The objective is to determine RBC parameters for iron deficiency anemia (IDA) symptoms in oral disease patients., Methods: Normal and oral disease patients' blood is collected in a 2-mL EDTA vial for the hematology analyzer. With file number SRB/SDC/UG-2155/22/493, the institutional ethical approval committee approved this study: 10 controls (without anemia) and 10 patients with oral disease (with anemia)., Results: In oral disease patients with anemia, a decreased hemoglobin level is observed. In this study, nearly all anemic patients have IDA. In IDA, the RBC count decreases, the MCV decreases, the MCH decreases, and the RDW rises. We have analyzed various iron deficiency anemia indices. Ricercari and Eshani demonstrate a significant change in it., Conclusions: In predicting iron deficiency anemia, our results indicate that oral patients have significant differences in hematological parameters that are individual. It demonstrates that oral disease patients are developing iron deficiency anemia than controls (healthy). Additionally, the discrimination indices reveal that they do not have hemoglobinopathies but rather iron deficiencies. Oral manifestations are more prevalent in Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) patients than in healthy patients, according to our findings.

The percentage of macrophage subpopulations based on their origins in the adult cochlea remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the origins of cochlear macrophages during the onset phase and development of auditory function. We used three types of mice: wildtype ICR mice, colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r)-deficient mice, and Ms4a3Cre-Rosa tdTomato (Ms4a3 tdT ) transgenic mice. Macrophages were labeled with ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1), which is specific to more mature macrophages, and CD11b, which is specific to monocyte lineage. We investigated the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of resident macrophages in the cochlea during the postnatal and early adult stages. During the adult stages, the rate of monocytes recruited from the systemic circulation increased; moreover, Iba1 + /CD11b - cochlear macrophages gradually decreased with age. Fate mapping of monocytes using Ms4a3 tdT transgenic mice revealed an increased proportion of bone marrow-derived cochlear macrophages in the adult stage. Contrastingly, the proportion of yolk sac- and fetal liver-derived tissue-resident macrophages decreased steadily with age. This heterogeneity could be attributed to differences in environmental niches within the tissue or at the sub-tissue levels. Future studies should investigate the role of cochlear macrophages in homeostasis, inflammation, and other diseases, including infection, autoimmune, and metabolic diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Porphyromonas gingivalis , a peripathogen, has several methods to impede or modify the protective mechanisms of the teeth. Targeting the inhibition of the heme protein will prevent the organism from multiplying and inhibit the virulence mechanism. The literature derived oxazole compounds (1-5) were docked against the protein's active site, and the results show that the selected oxazole derivatives exhibit better interaction compared to clinically proven drugs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Treponema denticola is a gram-negative bacteria that is associated with periodontal diseases. Literature derived, six indole based oxadiazole derivatives are docked with the target Factor H binding protein (fHbp) protein. Results show better docking interaction compared to clinically proven drugs and all compounds obey Lipinski's rule of five. Hence, the compounds were inferred to be potential inhibitors for factor H binding protein of Treponema denticola ., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

JAK-3 gene is a part of an important signalling pathway in oral cancer. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate the inhibitory properties of new indole based diaza-sulphonamides compounds against JAK3 gene. Molecular docking analysis showed that among the selected compounds (1-9), the compounds 1-4 turned out to be the most potentially capable ones to be used as ant-cancer drugs. Also, they are proved to be non-toxic., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Beta arrestins are a family of adaptor proteins that help in the regulation of signaling and trafficking of various G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Six oxadiazole derivatives taken from literature are analyzed for anti-cancer properties. The toxicity profiles of all the drugs were similar to Tamoxifen used as control. Data shows that compounds 2, 4, and 6 exhibited comparably significant molecular interactions with the cancerous protein for further consideration., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Diabetes is characterized by elevated blood sugar and insulin resistance. In poorly controlled or uncontrolled diabetes, persistent hyperglycemia causes oral and systemic problems. Therefore, it is of interest to evaluate biochemical indicators for oral health and diabetes using a fully automatic biochemistry analyzer which separates patient serum from blood samples. Data shows that diabetic oral complex patients showed high RBS, HbA1c, FBS, and PBSS. Thus, dental condition is linked to diabetes., Competing Interests: None declared, (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

The high biological activity and interesting optical properties of the aza compounds is known. Therefore, it is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis data of Aza compounds with the heme-binding protein from an anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium Tannerella Forsythia . Hence, we report the optimal binding features of Aza compounds with the heme-binding protein from Tannerella Forsythia for further consideration in drug discovery against the pathogen., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Dentilisin is a surface protease synthesized by the cell wall of Treponema denticola . This protein aids in the invasion of the periodontal tissue by causing infection. To identify drug molecules that have better results, homology modeling of the dentilisin protein was constructed, and molecular docking was performed with the oxazole compounds (1-6) taken from previous studies that are not yet clinically used. Data shows that compounds 1, 2, 3 show better inhibiting properties., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Treponema Denticola has a virulent protein called cystalysin, which causes periodontitis. Therefore, it is of interest to design efficient drug that may have fewer side effects than the present clinical drugs, considering most of them are multidrug resistant. The molecular docking analysis show that the selected thiazo derivatives (1-6) show better binding energies and amino acid interactions compared to the clinically proven drugs proving to be potential inhibitors against the protein., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

It is of interest to document the molecular docking analysis of protein Filamin-A with thioazo compounds. The compounds 1, 3, 5, and 6 showed best molecular docking interaction as compared to the drug doxorubicin. Among the selected ligands (1-6), compound 3 shows better interaction score than doxorubicin and follows Lipinski's rule of five. Hence, it could be considered as a potential lead molecule for inhibiting protein filamin A in the treatment of oral cancer., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is known to produce major virulence factor, Gingipain R that could penetrate the gingivae and cause tissue destruction. In this research we aim to target the gingipain R protein with imidazole quinoline derivatives (1-6) via insilico means. Molecular docking results show, compounds (1-6) have better affinity and amino acid interactions compared to the standard clinically proven drugs used as control group, and they obey Lipinski's rule of five and can be used as potential drug candidates to inhibit gingipain R., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

It is of interest to identify the JAK STAT 3 signaling inhibitors to abrogate tumorigenesis in oral cancer. Hence, molecular docking was performed with known oxazole compounds (1-5) and the 3D crystal structure of JAK-1 protein from Homo sapiens (PDB ID: 3EYG). The results show that the oxo-azo derivatives showed better interactions within the binding site of proteins. We report that compounds 1, 4 and 5 optimal binding features with JAK STAT 3., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (© 2023 Biomedical Informatics.)

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disease that is both systemic and silent characterized by an unbalanced activity of bone remodeling leading to bone loss. Rising evidences demonstrate that thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) has an important role in the regulation on the metabolism of bone. However, TSH regulation on human osteoblast essential transcriptional factors has not been identified. Current study examined the role of TSH on human osteoblastic Runx2 expression and their functional genes by in vitro and in slico analysis. Human osteoblast like (HOS and SaoS-2) cells were cultured with DMEM and treated with hTSH at the concentration of 0.01 ng/mL and 10 ng/mL. After treatment, osteoblastic Runx2 and IGF-1R beta expression were studied using RT-PCR and western blot analysis. TSH treatment induced osteoblastic essential transcriptional factor, Runx2 in HOS and SaOS2 cells on 48 h duration and elevated the expression of IGF-IR β gene and Protein in SaoS-2 cells. TSH also promotes Runx2 responsive genes such as ALP, Collagen and osteocalcin in SaOS2 cells on day 2 to day 14 of 10 ng/mL of treatment and favors' matrix mineralization matrix in these cells. In addition, TSH facilitated human osteoblastic cells to mineralize their matrix confirmed by day 21 of alizarin red calcium staining. In silico study was performed to check CREB and ELK1 interaction with Runx2. Results of in silico analysis showed that TSH mediated signalling molecules such as CREB and ELK1 showed interaction with Runx2 which involve in osteobalstic gene expression and differentiation. Present findings confirm that TSH promotes Runx2 expression, osteoblastic responsive genes and bone matrix formation.

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a type of peripheral sympathetic nervous system cancer that most commonly affects children. It is caused by the improper differentiation of primitive neural crest cells during embryonic development. Although NB occurs for 8% of paediatric cancers, it accounts for 15% of cancer-related deaths. Despite a considerable increase in cytotoxic chemo- and radiotherapy, patients in advanced stages remain virtually incurable. Therefore, there is a desperate necessity for new treatment strategies to be investigated. Accumulating evidence suggested that microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs with 19-25 nucleotides lengths and play a central role in the development of NB carcinogenesis. Fascinatingly, miRNA inhibitors have an antisense property that can inhibit miRNA function and suppress the activity of mature miRNA. However, many studies have addressed miRNA inhibition in the treatment of NB, but their molecular mechanisms and signalling pathways are yet to be analysed. In this study, we impart the current state of knowledge about the role of miRNA inhibition in the aetiology of NB.

Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the leading global health burden of this century majorly develops due to obesity and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress in skeletal muscles. Hence, developing novel drugs that ameliorate these pathological events is an immediate priority. The study was designed to analyze the possible role of Stevioside, a characteristic sugar from leaves of Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) on insulin signaling molecules in gastrocnemius muscle of obesity and hyperglycemia-induced T2DM rats. Adult male Wistar rats rendered diabetic by administration of high fat diet (HFD) and sucrose for 60 days were orally administered with SIT (20 mg/kg/day) for 45 days. Various parameters were estimated including fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid profile, oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzymes and expression of insulin signaling molecules in diabetic gastrocnemius muscle. Stevioside treatment improved glucose and insulin tolerances in diabetic rats and restored their elevated levels of FBG, serum insulin and lipid profile to normalcy. In diabetic gastrocnemius muscles, Setvioside normalized the altered levels of lipid peroxidase (LPO), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and hydroxyl radical (OH*), antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPx and GSH) and molecules of insulin signaling including insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt mRNA levels. Furthermore, Stevioside enhanced glucose uptake (GU) and oxidation in diabetic muscles by augmenting glucose transporter 4 (GLUT 4) synthesis very effectively in a similar way to metformin. Results of molecular docking analysis evidenced the higher binding affinity with IRS-1 and GLUT 4. Stevioside effectively inhibits oxidative stress and promotes glucose uptake in diabetic gastrocnemius muscles by activating IR/IRS-1/Akt/GLUT 4 pathway. The results of the in silico investigation matched those of the in vivo study. Hence, Stevioside could be considered as a promising phytomedicine to treat T2DM.

Emergence of antibiotic-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M. tuberculosis ) restricts the availability of drugs for the treatment of tuberculosis, which leads to the increased morbidity and mortality of the disease worldwide. There are many intrinsic and extrinsic factors that have been reported for the resistance mechanism. To overcome such mechanisms, chemically synthesized benzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone derivatives were screened against M. tuberculosis to find potential inhibitor for tuberculosis. Such filtering process resulted in compound 13, compound 21, and compound 20 as the best binding energy compounds against DNA gyrase B, an important protein in the replication process. The ADMET prediction has shown the oral bioavailability of the novel compounds., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Andiyappan Kistan et al.)

Diabetes is one of the most significant health issues across the world. People identified with diabetes are more vulnerable to various infections and are at a greater risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. The plant-based food we consume often contains many sterol-based bioactive compounds. It is well documented that these compounds could effectively manage the processes of insulin metabolism and cholesterol regulation. Insulin resistance followed by hyperglycemia often results in oxidative stress level enhancement and increased reactive oxygen species production. At the molecular level, these changes induce apoptosis in pancreatic cells and hence lead to insulin insufficiency. Studies have proved that plant sterols can lower inflammatory and oxidative stress damage connected with DNA repair mechanisms. The effective forms of phyto compounds are polyphenols, terpenoids, and thiols abundant in vegetables, fruits, nuts, and seeds. The available conventional drug-based therapies for the prevention and management of diabetes are time-consuming, costly, and with life-threatening side effects. Thereby, the therapeutic management of diabetes with plant sterols available in our daily diet is highly welcome as there are no side effects. This review intends to offer an overview of the present scenario of the anti-diabetic compounds from food ingredients towards the therapeutic beneficial against diabetes.

Periodontitis is attributed to the dental biofilm formation. Red complex organisms are a group of organisms linked with periodontal diseases. Therefore, it is of interest to identify potential targets from the red complex organisms to bind with the herbal compound resveratrol (E - 5 - (4 - hydroxy styryl) benzene 1,3 diol). We report a list of potential proteins having optimal drug like binding features with the herbal agent Resveratrol for further consideration. We used the STITCH v.5 pipeline VICMPred and VirulentPred tools to identify such targets as potential virulent factors in the red complex organisms. We considered the strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277, Treponema denticola ATCC 35405 and Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037 in the red complex pathogens for this analysis. Protein targets in the red complex organisms with optimal binding features with the herbal compound resveratrol were thus identified and reported for further consideration., (© 2020 Biomedical Informatics.)

A 19-year-old male was admitted to the medical ward with complaints of fever and swelling of the ankle and wrist joints of about two weeks duration. The patient developed hyperkeratotic lesions of the skin over the hands, elbow and back about three weeks after admission. Antistreptolysin O, rheumatoid factor, and Widal tests as well as Chickungunya, brucella, HIV and antinuclear antibodies were negative. Culture of blood sample and pus aspirate from the ankle and chest yielded a pure growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount of the scrapings from crusted skin lesions showed plenty of adult mites, eggs and faecal pellets of Sarcoptes scabiei. A diagnosis of crusted scabies with secondary bacterial infection was made and the patient was treated successfully with oral ivermectin, topical permethrin and vancomycin.