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Background: Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an important risk factor for suicide in adolescents with depressive disorders; therefore, it is important to predict NSSI occurrence as early as possible. Disturbances in biological rhythms are characteristic manifestations of depressive disorders and can lead to immune dysfunction, leading to changes in tumor markers. This study aimed to produce an index that utilizes tumor markers to predict NSSI behaviors among adolescents with depressive disorders., Methods: A total of 120 hospitalized adolescent patients with depressive disorders aged 14-24 years were included in this study. Participants were divided into NSSI and non-NSSI groups based on self-reports using the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory. Demographics, tumor marker concentrations, other peripheral blood indices, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) scores, and Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) scores were compared between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to develop a joint index, and a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was created to predict NSSI behaviors among adolescents with depressive disorders., Results: Compared with the non-NSSI group, the NSSI group had significantly higher insight, retardation, insomnia, hopelessness, psychiatric anxiety, total HDRS and HAMA scores, and significantly higher levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). In addition, a joint index was developed by combining CA-125, CA19-9, CEA, HDRS total score, HAMA total score and age using multiple logistic regression to predict NSSI behaviors. The area under the curve was 0.831, with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.734 and 0.891, respectively., Conclusion: A combination of depression score, tumor marker levels, and age can identify NSSI behaviors among adolescents with depressive disorders., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Yi, Qin, Zheng, Ren, Huang and Chen.)

Background: Esophageal cancer (ESCA) is a heterogeneous cancer with variable outcomes that are challenging to predict. MicroRNA (miR)-1269a is a newly discovered non-coding RNA that shows promising prognostic prediction in other cancers, but its clinical value in ESCA remains unclear., Aim: To explore the relationship between miR-1269a and its clinical value and to develop a nomogram to succinctly display this relationship., Methods: We analyzed the expression of miR-1269a in 125 ESCA tissue samples with complete clinical data and 52 normal tissue samples. We determined the prognostic value of miR-1269a for overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) and evaluated the association between miR-1269a and clinical variables including tumor location, histologic grade, metastatic stage, and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage using multivariate Cox analysis. Additionally, we developed a nomogram for OS and CSS based on miR-1269a expression using age and AJCC stage and assessed its prognostic performance. Using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genomes analyses, we predicted the target genes of miR-1269a and analyzed their potential function in caner development., Results: The expression of miR-1269a was significantly higher in ESCA patients than healthy controls. Patients with high expression of miR-1269a showed poor prognosis in OS and CSS, suffered increased rates of low differentiation and metastasis, and exhibited tumor stage T3 + T4, positive lymph stage, and AJCC stage III + IV. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of miR-1269a was 0.716 for OS and 0.764 for CSS. Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that AJCC stage and miR-1269a were independent factors for OS and CSS. Combing with age, we constructed a nomogram for prognostic prediction. Additionally, our nomogram showed excellent predictive performance for OS and CSS after 3 years and 5 years and was easy to use. Ultimately, the functional analysis suggested that miR-1269a was mostly involved in the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway., Conclusion: miR-1269a can be used as a potential indicator for the prognosis of ESCA patients. We developed an easy-to-use nomogram with excellent ESCA prognostic prediction for clinical use., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: As one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes, diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working age population. Because the extremely complex pathogenesis of DR has not been fully clarified, the occurrence and development of DR is closely related to tissue ischemia and hypoxia and neovascularization The formation of retinal neovascularization (RNV) has great harm to the visual acuity of patients., Aim: To investigate the expression of P-element-induced wimpy testis-interacting RNA (piRNA) in proliferative DR mice and select piRNA related to RNV., Methods: One hundred healthy C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a normal group as control group (CG) and proliferative DR (PDR) group as experimental group (EG), with 50 mice in each group. Samples were collected from both groups at the same time, and the lesions of mice were evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and retinal blood vessel staining. The retinal tissues were collected for second-generation high-throughput sequencing, and the differentially expressed piRNA between the CG and EG was detected, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was conducted for verification. The differentially obtained piRNA target genes and expression profiles were enrichment analysis based on gene annotation (Gene Ontology) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes., Results: In the CG there was no perfusion area, neovascularization and endothelial nucleus broke through the inner boundary membrane of retinap. In the EG, there were a lot of nonperfused areas, new blood vessels and endothelial nuclei breaking through the inner boundary membrane of the retina. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of vascular endothelial nuclei breaking through the inner retinal membrane between the two groups. High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that compared with the CG, a total of 79 piRNAs were differentially expressed in EG, among which 43 piRNAs were up-regulated and 36 piRNAs were down-regulated. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the differentially expressed piRNAs were mainly concentrated in the signaling pathways of angiogenesis and cell proliferation. Ten piRNAs were selected for PCR, and the results showed that the expression of piR-MMU-40373735, piR-MMU-61121420, piR-MMU-55687822, piR-MMU-1373887 were high, and the expression of piR-MMU-7401535, piR-MMU-4773779, piR-MMU-1304999, and piR-MMU-5160126 were low, which were consistent with the sequencing results., Conclusion: In the EG, the abnormal expression of piRNA is involved in the pathway of angiogenesis and cell proliferation, suggesting that piRNAs have some regulatory function in proliferative diabetic-retinopathy., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: No potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article are reported., (©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.)

Anxious major depressive disorder is a common subtype of major depressive disorder; however, its unique neural mechanism is not well-understood currently. Using multimodal MRI data, this study examined common and specific alterations of amygdala subregions between patients with and without anxiety. No alterations were observed in the gray matter volume or intra-region functional integration in either patient group. Compared with the controls, both patient groups showed decreased functional connectivity between the left superficial amygdala and the left putamen, and between the right superficial amygdala and the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and medial orbitofrontal cortex, while only patients with anxiety exhibited decreased activity in the bilateral laterobasal and superficial amygdala. Moreover, the decreased activity correlated negatively with the Hamilton depression scale scores in the patients with anxiety. These findings provided insights into the pathophysiologic processes of anxious major depressive disorder and may help to develop new and effective treatment programs., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Li, Ni, You, Qing, Wang, Yao, Ren, Zhang, Liu, Song, Wang, Zang, Shen and Chen.)

The competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network is crucial for the development and progression of tumors, including non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, what type of ceRNA network regulates NSCLC has not been clarified. The present study aimed to elucidate the long non‑coding RNA (lncRNA)/microRNA (miRNA)/mRNA ceRNA network in NSCLC, particularly for the significance of lncRNAs in NSCLC. NSCLC‑specific differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs and mRNAs in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed and their relationship was analyzed by a ceRNA network. Their potential functions of differentially expressed mRNAs were analyzed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, the expression levels of four selected lncRNAs in TCGA were determined and their associated survival of patients was examined. In addition, the expression profiles of these four lncRNAs in 48 NSCLC specimens and cell lines, their cellular distribution and associated clinical parameters were examined. We successfully constructed a ceRNA network, including 113 lncRNAs, 12 miRNAs and 36 mRNAs differentially expressed between NSCLC and non‑tumor tissues. LINC00525, MED4‑AS1, STEAP2‑AS1 and SYNPR‑AS1 lncRNAs were selected and validated for their association with the survival of NSCLC patients. The expression of these lncRNAs was upregulated in 48 NSCLC tissues and was varying in NSCLC cells. While LINC00525 was mainly expressed in the cytoplasm, MED4‑AS1 was in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of A549 cells. In addition, the expression of LINC00525 was significantly associated with smoking history (P<0.05); MED4‑AS1 was significantly associated with women, poor differentiation and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05); STEAP2‑AS1 was significantly associated with women (P<0.01); and SYNPR‑AS1 was significantly associated with women and adenocarcinoma (P<0.05). These lncRNAs may be valuable biomarkers for prognosis of NSCLC and the ceRNA network may provide new insights in the pathogenesis of NSCLC.

Physical or mental stress leads to neuroplasticity in the brain and increases the risk of depression and anxiety. Stress exposure causes the dysfunction of peripheral T lymphocytes. However, the pathological role and underlying regulatory mechanism of peripheral T lymphocytes in mood disorders have not been well established. Here, we show that the lack of CD4 + T cells protects mice from stress-induced anxiety-like behavior. Physical stress-induced leukotriene B4 triggers severe mitochondrial fission in CD4 + T cells, which further leads to a variety of behavioral abnormalities including anxiety, depression, and social disorders. Metabolomic profiles and single-cell transcriptome reveal that CD4 + T cell-derived xanthine acts on oligodendrocytes in the left amygdala via adenosine receptor A1. Mitochondrial fission promotes the de novo synthesis of purine via interferon regulatory factor 1 accumulation in CD4 + T cells. Our study implicates a critical link between a purine metabolic disorder in CD4 + T cells and stress-driven anxiety-like behavior., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common complication after radical surgery of esophageal cancer. The aim of this study was to explore AF risk factors after radical surgery of esophageal carcinoma., Method: The data of 335 patients with esophageal cancer who were admitted in our hospital from January 2014 to August 2016 for the first time were retrospectively analyzed. We retrieved the papers in some data banks using the search terms including English and Chinese search terms, and obtained 13 factors which were mentioned in more than 6 papers. The 13 factors including age, gender, history of smoking, history of hypertension, history of peripheral vascular disease, history of cardiac stents or angina pectoris, preoperative pulmonary infection, preoperative brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level, preoperative left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, operative method, lesion location, intraoperative blood transfusion, adhesion between lymph nodes and pericardium, underwent univariate and multivariate analyses., Results: Of the 335 patients with esophageal cancer, 48 had AF within one week after operation. Univariate analysis indicated that the age (OR: 4.89; CI: 2.53-9.47, P: 0.000), gender (OR: 2.26; CI: 1.17-4.37, P: 0.013), history of peripheral vascular disease (OR: 2.29; CI: 1.06-4.92, P: 0.030), history of cardiac stents or angina pectoris (OR: 27.30; CI: 12.44-59.91, P: 0.000), preoperative BNP level (OR: 27.13; CI: 10.97-67.06, P: 0.000), preoperative left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (OR: 2.22; CI: 1.19-4.14, P: 0.012), operative method (OR: 2.09; CI: 1.002-4.380, P: 0.046), intraoperative blood transfusion (OR: 20.24; CI: 8.39-48.82, P: 0.000), and adhesion between lymph nodes and pericardium were risk factors (OR: 2.05; CI: 1.08-3.87, P: 0.024). Furthermore, multivariate analysis displayed that advanced age (OR: 5.044; CI: 1.748-14.554, P: 0.003), male (OR: 6.161; CI: 2.143-17.715, P: 0.001), history of cardiac stents or angina pectoris (OR: 48.813; CI: 13.674-174.246, P: 0.000), preoperative BNP > 100 (OR: 41.515; CI: 9.380-183.732, P: 0.000), open surgery (OR: 3.357; CI: 1.026-10.983, P: 0.045), intraoperative blood transfusion (OR: 58.404; CI: 10.777-316.509, P: 0.000), and adhesion between lymph nodes and pericardium (OR: 3.954; CI: 1.364-11.459, P: 0.011) were risk factors which could increase the incidence of postoperative AF., Conclusion: We should pay attention to the above risk factors in order to reduce the incidence of postoperative AF.

Objective: Accounting for 25% of all the cancers and 20% of the cancer-related mortality, lung cancer is one of the devastating types of cancers. Due to an increase in the incidence of lung cancer and limited treatment options, there is a pressing need to look for novel drug options and to identify potential therapeutic targets. Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) have been considered to be important therapeutic targets due to their plethora of cellular roles. Herein, we investigated the therapeutic potential of UCA1 in lung cancer and also attempted to examine the underlying mechanism through UCA1 exerts its growth inhibitory effects on cancer cells., Materials and Methods: The quantitative Reverse-Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) was used to perform the expression analysis. The CCK-8 assay was used to monitor the growth of the cells. The AO/EB assay was used to check apoptosis and flow cytometry was used for cell cycle distribution. The wound heal and transwell assays were used to monitor the cell migration and invasion., Results: It was found that the lncRNA UCA was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in the lung cancer cells and silencing of UCA1 could inhibit the proliferation of the SK-MES-1 lung cancer cells via induction of G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Moreover, UCA1 silencing could also suppress the migration and invasion of the SK-MES-1 cells. The LncRNA UCA1 was also found to upregulate the expression of miR-143, and overexpression of miR-143 could also suppress the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the SK-MES-1 lung cancer cells. Both UCA1 silencing and miR-143 overexpression could cause a significant decrease in the expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). Therefore, it is concluded that UCA1 regulates the growth of the SK-MES-1 lung cancer by inhibition of MAPK1 via miR-143 upregulation., Conclusions: UCA1, as well as miR-143, may be essential therapeutic targets for the management of lung cancer and warrant further investigations.

Objective: Lung cancer is one of the deadliest cancers responsible for significant mortality and morbidity across the globe. The unavailability of efficient treatments, lack of reliable biomarkers and potent therapeutic targets, limit the treatment of lung cancer. In this study, we explored the potential of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) urothelial carcinoma-associated 1 (UCA1) as the therapeutic target for lung cancer., Materials and Methods: The expression analysis was carried out by quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell viability was monitored by cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) assay. The 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), annexin-V/Propidium iodide staining and comet assays were used to detect apoptosis. Boyden chamber and wound heal assays were used for cell to asses cell invasion and migration respectively. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting., Results: The expression of lncRNA UCA1 was determined by qRT-PCR in six different types of lung cancer cell lines. It was observed that lncRNA UCA1 was significantly (p < 0.05) upregulated in all the lung cancer cell lines. To investigate the role of lncRNA UCA1 in lung cancer, its expression was suppressed by transfection of the lung cancer NCI-H23 cells by si-UCA1. The results showed that suppression of lncRNA UCA1 significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the viability of NCI-H23 cancer cells via induction of the apoptosis. Furthermore, the lncRNA UCA1 suppression (p < 0.05) significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of the NCI-H23 lung cancer at least in part via inhibition of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1). Additionally, the suppression of MAPK1 exhibited similar effects on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of the NCI-H23 cells as that of UCA1 silencing. Finally, the co-suppression of lncRNA UCA1 and MAPK1 exhibited synergistic effects on cell proliferation, migration, and invasion., Conclusions: We demonstrated that lncRNA UCA1 could be an important therapeutic target for curbing lung cancer.

Objective: To evaluate the short-and mid-term curative effect of high fibular osteotomy on knee osteoarthritis., Methods: From October 2014 to July 2016, 76 patients with knee osteoarthritis were treated with high fibular osteotomy. There were 22 males and 54 females, ranging in age from 47 to 82 years old, with an average of 61.62 years old. Internal tenderness of the knee joint was examined preoperatively. Preoperative examination showed medial knee pain and medial positive McMurray sign. Preoperative AP and lateral X-ray films of the weight-bearing side of the knee showed the narrowing of the medial space. The knee medial space, femoral and tibial angle, VAS pain score and the American Knee Society(AKS) score were evaluated after operation., Results: Compared with the preoperative one, the postoperative knee medial gap was widened obviously. The femur and tibia angle after operation was bigger than that before surgery. The VAS was improved from preoperative 5.70±1.56, to 3.70±1.03 at the 1st week after operation, 3.20±0.95 at the 1st month after operation, 2.35±0.99 at the 3rd month after operation, and 2.10±0.97 at the 1st year after operation. According to the AKS score, the preoperative pain score of knee joint was 14.45±1.76, the activity score of knee joint was 12.60±1.98, and the stability score was 12.15±1.72; after operation, the above scores were improved to 42.60±2.28, 21.80±2.14, and 20.85±2.16 respectively., Conclusions: The high fibular osteotomy with less complications is simple. It can effectively alleviate the pain of the knee joint and improve the function of knee joint, and the clinical effect is satisfactory., Competing Interests: The authors of this article and the planning committee members and staff have no relevant financial relationships with commercial interests to disclose.

In the present study, we found that ZBTB20, a member of the POK (POZ and Krüppel) family of transcriptional repressors, was significantly up-regulated in lung cancer tissues, compared with adjacent normal tissues. Our in vitro studies further found that ZBTB20 overexpression promoted, while its inhibition using small interfering RNA suppressed cell proliferation. Consistently, key regulators in cell-cycle progression, such as Cyclin D1, Cyclin E, P21 and P27, were also regulated by ZBTB20. At the molecular level, we further revealed that FoxO1, a tumor suppressor in multiple human cancers, was transcriptionally repressed by ZBTB20. Therefore, our results highlight an important role for ZBTB20 in controlling NSCLC development, which might be helpful to identify potential therapeutic targets for its treatment., (Copyright © 2014 Federation of European Biochemical Societies. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

5-Fu is a pyrimidine analog which is wildly used in the treatment of cancers. The development of strategies that increase its anticancer activity has been studied over the past 20 years. Despite these advances, drug resistance remains a significant limitation to the clinical use of 5-FU. In this study, we investigate the glucose metabolic profiles of non-small cell lung cancer cells in response to 5-Fu and cisplatin. Interestingly, the glucose metabolism of A549 cells is activated by 5-Fu treatment but suppressed by cisplatin treatment. We generalize 5-Fu-resistant and cisplatin-resistant cell lines from A549 cells. The glucose metabolism in 5-Fu-resistant cells is increased but decreased in cisplatin-resistant cells. In addition, glycolysis inhibition sensitizes lung cancer cells to 5-Fu. Importantly, we report a synergistic inhibitory effect on lung cancer cells by the combination of 5-Fu with cisplatin through the suppression of glucose metabolism both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, restoration of glucose metabolism by overexpression of glycolytic key enzymes renders A549 cells resistant to 5-Fu. In summary, our study indicates that glycolysis inhibition contributes to the synergistic antitumor effect of combinational therapy, and targeting glycolysis could be an effective strategy for overcoming 5-Fu resistance in cancer therapy.

Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in tumor genesis. miRNA dysregulation has been widely studied and demonstrated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)., Materials and Methods: We applied a newly proposed method for selecting miRNAs that discriminate between healthy controls and cancers. We initially extracted different miRNAs and mRNAs and then selected miRNA-mRNA dysregulation pairs. The pathways that involved mRNAs were acquired according to the functional enrichment. We integrated the miRNAs, mRNAs, and pathways and constructed the miRNA-mRNA pathway relationships based on the derived significant miRNAs., Results: We acquired 566 antiregulated miRNA-mRNA pairs including 56 miRNAs and 485 mRNAs. Three significant pathways related to ccRCC, namely, arginine and proline metabolism, aldosterone-regulated sodium reabsorption, and oxidative phosphorylation, were observed. Based on the miRNA-mRNA pathway relationships, five significant miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers: hsa-miR-425, hsa-miR-136, hsa-miR-335, hsa-miR-340, and hsa-miR-320d., Conclusion: This integrative network approach revealed important miRNAs in the ccRCC that can identify specific disease biomarkers, which can be used as targets for cancer treatment.

Objective: To study the therapeutic effect of Weicao Capsule (WCC) on gout., Methods: Two hundred gout patients were assigned to two groups. The treated group was treated with WCC and the control group was treated with Tongfengding Capsule. Both groups were given the respective treatments orally 3 times a day, 2 capsules each time with 2 weeks as one course and all patients received 2 successive courses of treatment. Changes of blood beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)-M), hemoglobin (Hb), 24 h urinary protein (24 h UP), pH value of urine and blood uric acid (BUA) as well as kidney function were observed., Results: After treatment, level of beta(2)-M got lowered significantly, Hb and 24 h UP, blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and the clearance rate of creatinine, as well as blood lipids all improved obviously in the treated group (all P<0.01), while these parameters remained unchanged in the control group (P>0.05). The pH value of urine was improved in both groups showing an insignificant difference between them (P>0.05). BUA was decreased in both groups with a decrease to a larger extent in the treated group (P<0.01). The total effective rate was 87% in the treated group, which was superior to that in the control group (62%, P<0.05)., Conclusion: WCC has a favorable therapeutic effect on gout and its mechanism of action for improving renal function and reducing urinary protein could be related with the lowering of blood beta(2)-M, BUA and lipids.

Background: In the organs that mediate alcohol effects on the human body and its health, the liver plays a particular important role. This study was designed to detect the changes of hepatic enzymes after alcohol intake and evaluate the corresponding damage to the human body., Methods: Fifteen volunteers were included according to the criteria. After the intake of 80 g ethanol containing beverage, alcohol levels were detected and blood samples were collected at 0.5- to 3-hour interval to detect the levels of hepatic enzymes simultaneously., Results: After the intake of 80 g ethanol, various symptoms occurred in volunteers while the concentration of blood alcohol peaked at 1 hour and normalized within 24 hours. The ratio of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) to aspartate aminotransferase (AST) increased significantly when the venous alcoholic concentration increased from 0 g/L to 1.2 g/L and the levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GT) were elevated when the alcoholic concentration reached 0.4 g/L. No significant changes were noticed in ALT, AST or cholinesterase (CHE)., Conclusion: Acute alcohol intoxication may cause the changes of hepatic enzymes and prove the existence of reversible hepatic injury.

Objective. To investigate the effects of different training methods on cardiovascular autonomic regulation under bedrest. Method. 15 healthy male volunteers aged 19-22 participated tests in head-down tilt (HDT) -6 degrees bedrest in order to observe the changes of cardiovascular system under simulated weightlessness. They were divided into control (5 men), hypoxia training (5 men) and Fangsong training (5 men) groups. 24 h dynamic ECG were recorded on the 2nd day of pre-bedrest, on the 3rd, 14th and 18th day of bedrest and on the 7th day of the post- bedrest. All spectra were estimated from entire 24 h HRV, before, during and after Fangsong and hypoxia training by autoregressive (AR) modeling method. Normalized low-frequency (LF%) was a quantitative marker of cardiac sympathetic activity, normalized high-frequency (HF%) reflected the changes in cardiac vagal activity, and LF/HF was considered to be related to sympathovagal balance or sympathetic activity. Result. In control group, LF% and HF% were all significantly reduced (P<0.05), LF/HL showed no significant changed during bedrest. In Fangsong group, HF% increased markedly (P< 0.05), while in hypoxia group, LF% increased markedly (P< 0.05). Conclusion. Fangsong training counteracted markedly the reduction in vagal activity, while hypoxia training counteracted markedly the decrease in sympathetic activity. It was possible that HRV indices could be used to evaluate the efficiency of countermeasures counteracting the adverse effects of weightlessness.