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Η παρούσα εργασία χωρίζεται σε δύο μεγάλα κεφάλαια Α και Β. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο χωρίζεται σε πέντε υποενότητες: Α1, Α2, Α3, Α4, Α5 .Στην υποενότητα Α1 εξιστορείται η ιστορία της Σμύρνης από την αρχαιότητα, την ελληνιστική, τη ρωμαϊκή, τη βυζαντινή, την λατινοκρατική, την οθωμανική κατοχή. Στην υποενότητα Α2 εξιστορείται η δημιουργία της εκκλησίας της Σμύρνης, το 50-60 μ.Χ. από τον απόστολο Παύλο και τους μαθητές του. Τη Σμύρνη επισκέφτηκε και ο απόστολος Πέτρος και ο ευαγγελιστής Ιωάννης. Περιγράφεται η ζωή της εκκλησίας της Σμύρνης μέχρι το 1800μ. Χ., περίπου. Στη συνέχεια, στην υποενότητα Α3, δίνονται πληροφορίες για τη ζωή της εκκλησίας της Σμύρνης τα τελευταία 150 χρόνια μέχρι την μικρασιατική καταστροφή του 1922.Ο Χρυσόστομος Καλαφάτης ήταν ο τελευταίος επίσκοπος Σμύρνης που μαρτύρησε μπροστά στο Διοικητήριο των Τούρκων. Από τότε η Σμύρνη είναι μια τουρκική, ανατολίτικη, μεγαλούπολη. Υπάρχουν, όμως κάποια στοιχεία που θυμίζουν την παλιά ελληνική Σμύρνη (παλιά ανακαινισμένα, ελληνικά σπίτια στην παραλία, μεσαιωνικά τείχη, ελληνιστική ρωμαϊκή αγορά, απομεινάρια αρχαίων ελληνικών ναών κ.α.) Αυτά αναφέρονται στην Α4 υποενότητα. Το πρώτο κεφάλαιο τελειώνει με το Α5, με αναφορά στους 16 ορθόδοξους ναούς της Σμύρνης, πριν το 1922 και στους ναούς που λειτουργούν ακόμη και σε κάποιους που παραμένουν ερειπωμένοι ή με ελάχιστα τμήματά τους. Το Β κεφάλαιο αφορά περισσότερο την εκπαίδευση. Στις υποενότητες :Β1,Β2, Β3 καταγράφονται οι αναφορές των σχολικών βιβλίων της Ιστορίας, των Θρησκευτικών και της Γλώσσας στη Σμύρνη. Ακολουθεί στο Β4 μια κριτική και τέλος στο Β5 δίνεται ένα project με θέμα:¨Ταξίδι στη Σμύρνη¨, για την Ε Δημοτικού. Η εργασία τελειώνει με τον επίλογο και το επίμετρο των φωτογραφιών., The present thesis is divided into two main chapters, A and B. The first chapter is divided into five subsections: Α1, Α2, Α3, Α4, Α5. In subsection A1 the history of Smyrna is recounted since antiquity, Hellenistic era, roman era, byzantine era, latin era and ottoman occupation. In subsection A2, the foundation of church of Smyrna is recounted, in 50-60 AD. from Paul, the apostle and his disciples. John the apostle and Saint Peter also visited Smyrna. In this subsection the development of Smyrna’s church is described up to approximately 1800 AD. Then, in subsection A3, the last 150 years of Smyrna’s church are examined, until the great fire of 1922, which caused the destruction of Smyrna. Chrysostomos Kalafatis was the last metropolitan of Smyrna, the long history of the church of Smyrna was destined to be sealed by the martyrdom of its last prelate, who was tortured before his death at the turkish Government House. Since then, Smyrna is a big, turkish city of east. There are some clues, however, that echo back to the old, greek Smyrna (old, renovated greek houses at the beach, medieval walls, Hellenistic, roman forum, ruins of ancient greek temples etc) All this are analysed in subsection A4. The first chapter A is coming to an end with subsection A5 which refers to16 orthodox churches in Smyrna, before 1922, to some churches which held the service by now and they are orthodox, catholic and protestant and also to churches which are now abandoned, derelict buildings. Section B refers to information by Smyrna in education. In subsections B1,B2,B3 are recorded the references of the school books in school curriculum of Primary High School in History, Religion and Greek Literature , to Smyrna. Furthermore, in B4 is included a review and at last in B5 ,there is a project, as educational suggestion, which informs about a¨Τrip to Smyrna¨ and can be included in the fifth grade of Primary School. The present thesis comes to an end with the epilogue and the photographs of Smyrna., Σε συνεργασία με: Τμήμα Διοίκησης οργανισμών, Μάρκετινγκ και Τουρισμού της Σχολής Οικονομίας και Διοίκησης (Θεσσαλονίκης) του Διεθνούς Πανεπιστημίου Ελλάδας

Η συγκεκριμένη εργασία έχει ως στόχο να παρουσιάσει τα σημαντικότερα θρησκευτικά μνημεία της Θεσσαλονίκης είτε αυτά είναι χριστιανικά είτε μουσουλμανικά είτε εβραϊκά, συνδέοντας όλους τους πληθυσμούς της πόλης στο μωσαϊκό της πολυπολιτισμικότητάς της, καθώς επίσης και τα διάφορα εκπαιδευτικά ιδρύματα που υπήρξαν παράλληλα με την ανάπτυξη των διαφόρων κοινοτήτων της πόλης, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη την επισκεψιμότητα τους από τους μαθητές της πρωτοβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης καθώς και τη σύνδεσή τους με την εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία. Το πόνημα αυτό ξεκινά με την παρουσίαση από το δεύτερο μισό του 19ου αι, των διαφόρων εκπαιδευτικών ιδρυμάτων που λειτουργούσαν στην πόλη της Θεσσαλονίκης και κάλυπταν τις εκπαιδευτικές ανάγκες των διαφορετικών πληθυσμών που ζούσαν αρμονικά σ’ αυτήν. Στη συνέχεια ακολουθεί μια σύντομη αναφορά και περιγραφή των θρησκευτικών μνημείων που την περίοδο αυτή (από το δεύτερο μισό του 19ου αι και μετά) υπήρχαν και χρησιμοποιούνταν από τους παραπάνω πληθυσμούς της πόλης (χριστιανούς, μουσουλμάνους, εβραίους, αρμένιους κ.ά.), για την κάλυψη των θρησκευτικών τους αναγκών, σεβόμενοι τη διαφορετικότητα στην πίστη και λατρεία μεταξύ τους. Τέλος η εργασία τονίζοντας την ιστορική και θρησκευτική τους σημασία για τη Θεσσαλονίκη και τους κατοίκους της, αναφέρεται στην αποτελεσματική εκπαιδευτική διαδικασία μέσω της βιωματικής μάθησης και της επιτόπιας παρατήρησης. Η εφαρμογή κατάλληλων εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων και ο σχεδιασμός εύστοχων δραστηριοτήτων από τους εκπαιδευτικούς, συντελούν στη διαμόρφωση εκπολιτισμένου χαρακτήρα των μαθητών και μαθητριών, διευρύνοντας την κρίση τους, οξύνοντας τη διαλεκτική τους σκέψη και ωθώντας τους με τον τρόπο αυτό να διαμορφώσουν ολοκληρωμένη άποψη για την ιστορική εξέλιξη της πόλης στην οποία ζουν και αναπτύσσονται καθώς και τις αλλαγές που υπέστη αυτή στην ιστορική γραμμή, την οποία διερευνητικά μελετούν. Σκοπός λοιπόν του πονήματος αυτού είναι μέσω της βιωματικής μάθησης και της επιτόπιας παρατήρησης, οι μαθητές και οι μαθήτριες να ενασχοληθούν με το γνωστικό αντικείμενο της ιστορίας της πόλης, μέσα από τη μελέτη των θρησκευτικών της μνημείων και να συνειδητοποιήσουν την αναγκαιότητα της μελέτης πολλών πτυχών της κοινωνίας της Θεσσαλονίκης για την πλήρη κατανόησή της. Έτσι έρχονται σε επαφή με τα ιδιαίτερα χαρακτηριστικά αλλά και τα διαχρονικά προβλήματα της κοινωνίας της πόλης πουν ζουν και εξελίσσονται ως πολίτες, όπου θα κληθούν μελλοντικά να λειτουργήσουν υπεύθυνα. Κατανοώντας λοιπόν τα στοιχεία αυτά με κριτικό πνεύμα και διάθεση, καλλιεργείται η συλλογική αυτογνωσία και κατά συνέπεια η αυτοβελτίωση της κοινωνίας., This study aims to present the most important religious monuments of Thessaloniki, whether they are Christian, Muslim or Jewish, connecting all the populations of the city in the mosaic of its multiculturalism, as well as the various educational institutions that existed in parallel with the development of various communities of the city, taking into account their visits by primary school students as well as their connection to the educational process. The work begins with the presentation of the various educational institutions that operated in the city of Thessaloniki and covered the educational needs of the different populations that lived harmoniously in it from the second half of the 19th century. The following is a brief report and description of the religious monuments that during this period (from the second half of the 19th century onwards) existed and were used by the above populations of the city (Christians, Muslims, Jews, Armenians, etc.), for meeting their religious needs, respecting the differences in faith and worship between them. Finally, the work, emphasizing their historical and religious significance for Thessaloniki and its inhabitants, refers to the effective educational process through experiential learning and field observation. The implementation of appropriate educational programs and the planning of appropriate activities by teachers, contribute to the formation of a civilized character of students, broadening their judgment, sharpening their dialectical thinking and thus pushing them to form a comprehensive view of its historical development of the city in which they live and develop as well as the changes it has undergone in the historical line which they are exploring. The purpose of this study is through experiential learning and field observation students to deal with the subject of the history of the city, through the study of its religious monuments and to realize the need to study many aspects of the society of Thessaloniki for its full understanding. Thus, they come in contact with the special characteristics but also with the timeless problems of the city’s society where they live and evolve as citizens and they will be called to act responsibly in the future. By understanding these elements with a critical spirit and mood, the collective self-knowledge is cultivated and consequently the self-improvement of the society.

On his many travels Ruskin visited religious monuments, including cathedrals. The list would be long, either by mentioning his visits in his Diaries or by describing and analyzing monuments in his works on architecture. His interest became passionate about Gothic cathedrals, and sometimes very critical for other periods. My presentation will focus on a hermeneutics of styles and mainly the Gothic style in Ruskin’s work. Through this process, I will seek to understand his positions on the question of restoration, and I will once again open the file on the discussions he is initiating on Viollet-le-Duc’s work: “Let us not talk about restoration, it is a lie from one end to the other”, he wrote in The Seven Lamps of Architecture.

International audience; A critical survey of the religious medieval monuments and art of the western Carpathian mountains, Lower Mureş Valley, and the Hațeg region witnesses to the history of Romanian communities in what was once part of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. As such, the interpretation of this peripheral artistic corpus remains a never-ending matter of dispute among the religious and cultural complexities of Transylvanian society. This paper asserts that while Transylvania lies outside the usual geographical boundaries of the Balkans, medieval Transylvanian Romanians largely followed cultural norms from south of the Danube, and thus belong within the Balkan milieu.

Religious tourism and tourism in general helps in the development and intensification of social and cultural relations. The issue of religious tourism comes under the general and sustainable development of alternative tourism, special interest and respect for holy places. Religious tourism is an emerging form of tourism which aims to quality and sustainable development. It places special emphasis on preservation, revival and development of religious and historical monuments for the creation of tourist flows. The pilgrimage was and it will continue to be an important motivation movement of people and this often associated with religious and historical value of monasteries or churches, religious celebrations and various historical events. Religious tourism can be further strengthened internationally if the areas of the tourist destination dispose various tourist resources apart from religious monuments. The religious and historical monuments are attractive tourist destinations internationally and in Greece. Samos is one of the richest islands in Greece as far as the religious and historical monuments are concerned and for this reason is one of the most suitable for the development of religious tourism. It disposes important religious attractions that are an integral part of the national heritage and attract tourists who may be part of propellant development of religious tourism. Samos for a long time has been distinguished for piety of its inhabitants and for its intense ecclesial life. This is testified by the many parish churches, its chapels, its private temples, and many of the monastic churches. Samos is distinguished for its very important and interesting cultural heritage with many Byzantine monuments, many remarkable archaeological finds, rich exhibits at museums, castles, monasteries, churches, et al. Samos has important religious sites, monasteries and churches, which are part of the national heritage and attract tourists. The main aim of this paper is to explore the prospects for the development of religious tourism of the island of Samos and to gauge its contribution to the regional development in Greece. Samos has the ability to develop religious tourism because the island has important religious and historical sites. In order to investigate the possibilities and prospects of development of religious tourism in Samos it was conducted a survey concerning the status quo and recording problems that hinder its development. For this purpose quantitative research conducted by using a closed questionnaire and the method of stratified sampling. This investigation showed that Samos as a religious destination has not been developed enough, but it has many prospects of growth. It is required to provide a framework of tourism policy at local level, which will include a number of selected actions for the planning and management of religious tourism.

This theses aims to find ways how to expand cultural and historical awareness of the young generation. It is inspired by a longterm program of the National Heritage Institute, Regional Center in České Budějovice, which is called "Let's play and study with sights." The theses follows the main ideas of this project and an educational proposal is created, which is supposed to introduce religious monuments in the city as well as try to point out the fact that these sites have been more or less transformed in the interior and some of them have undergone a change in its original purpose over decades or centuries. The theses also introduces the former holy of holies where an educational process was taking place in the 19th century. Descriptive research is developed into an educational program where presentation and comparison with other sacred objects is offered. An attempt to discover a tangible symbol of transcendence, and take photos of it, was chosen to be the activation element. Regarding the complexity of issues, this theses is meant for the final grades of primary schools and at the same level for the grades of grammar schools, it can also be used for lower grades of fouryear grammar schools and secondary schools. Its content should extend the lessons of history, art, aesthetics, and is also applicable as an extracurricular activity. It represents an educational proposal using the objectbased learning along with a continuous dialogue.

Religiousness is a characteristic feature of people from Upper Silesia. This is reflected by the condition and number of sacred monuments. Research that was carried out, covered 107 objects of small sacred architecture, which, in authors understanding include: sculptures of saints, conciliation crosses, roadside crosses, stone roadside chapels, wooden chapels and Marian columns. The aim of this article is to create typology and valorization of places in Wodzislaw area where such monuments occur. The authors awarded points to sacred monuments according to a set criteria, which allowed to create a valorization map. The highest amount of points present places that are centres of religious cult. The biggest intensity of sacral monuments occurrence is noticed in the center of Wodzisław Śląski and in Pszów - the city which attracts many pilgrimages. Chapels, sculptures and roadside crosses are inseparable elements of Wodzisław area landscape. There are plenty of them in every town, near roads, in fields, next to churches, hospitals and graveyards. They carry a message about the past of the region and they symbolize the religiousness of its people.

This thesis deals with the analysis of potential of the Pardubický region for religious tourism. Its main aim is to create an overview of religious monuments and festivities in the Pardubický region and of their current use in tourism and to suggest how to further support the development of religious tourism in the region. The thesis focuses on catholic and protestant monuments and of religious festivities it deals mainly pilgrimages. In the first part the Pardubický region is characterized and its potential for tourism. The second part includes an outline of the historical development of the Czech lands, with an emphasis on church history, an overview of the most important religious monuments in the Pardubický region and of their current use in tourism. The third part presents the current national projects, which promote religious tourism, and assesses the current presentation and promotion of religious monuments in the Pardubický region. The last part contains suggestions for further utilization of religious monuments in tourism and their promotion, as well as a few ideas for creation of thematic tourist routes. The conclusion discusses barriers, that prevent better use of religious monuments in tourism.

The theme of this thesis is the competitive strategy of The Prague Loreto. Introductory part gives an overview of the development of Loreto and shows its cultural and spiritual values. This section also raises the fundamental question of this thesis -- the falling attendance of The Prague Loreto. Then the product structure, which consists of the cultural and spiritual products, is analyzed for understanding this problem. In the next chapter there are all visitors segmented into the specifics groups, it is analyzed its attendance and the SWOT analysis is created. Consequently the new competitive strategy is proposed. Last part of the thesis consists of the financial analysis, the progress chart and the costing of the new strategy.