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2. The cost of degradation of the Dutch North Sea environment - update 2024 : A study into the cost of avoiding degradation and the applicability of the Ecosystem Services approach

Author

Strietman, W.J., Roos, F.D.M., van der Valk, O.M.C., Reinhard, S., Strietman, W.J., Roos, F.D.M., van der Valk, O.M.C., and Reinhard, S.

Abstract

This report provides an insight into the cost of degradation of the marine environment of the Dutch part of the North Sea by calculating the annual current (2022) costs of measures that avoid or minimise degradation. In addition to this, insight is provided into the potential applicability of the ecosystem services approach to calculate ecosystem benefits gained when Good Environmental Status is reached, in comparison to a Business-as-Usual scenario. The total costs of measures that avoid degradation of the Dutch North Sea environment have been calculated to be in the range of approximately at least €7.19-2.02bn in 2022. In terms of the applicability of the Ecosystem Services Approach methodology, it is concluded that the methodology and empirical application are not mature enough yet and that the data needed are too limited to be applied within the context of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive., Dit rapport geeft inzicht in de huidige (2022) jaarlijkse uitgave om aantasting van het mariene milieu van het Nederlandse deel van de Noordzee te voorkomen of te minimaliseren. Daarnaast wordt inzicht gegeven in de potentiële toepassing van de ecosysteembenadering als methode om de waarde te berekenen van extra ecosysteemdiensten bij een scenario waarbij de Goede Milieutoestand (GMT) gerealiseerd is ten opzichte van een Business as Usual-scenario. De jaarlijkse totale kosten van maatregelen die aantasting van het Nederlandse Noordzeemilieu voorkomen, zijn voor 2022 berekend op ten minste €7,19-2,02 mld. Voor wat betreft de toepassing van de ecosysteemdienstenbenadering is geconcludeerd dat de methodologie en empirische toepassing nog niet ontwikkeld genoeg zijn en er nog niet voldoende benodigde gegevens beschikbaar zijn om deze binnen de context van de Kaderrichtlijn Mariene Strategie toe te passen.

Published
2024

3. Präparate-Bodenbearbeitungsversuch Frick Einfluss der Bewirtschaftung auf die funktionelle Diversität des Bodens

Author

Grosse, Meike, Krause, Hans-Martin, Krauss, Maike, Mäder, Paul, Mueller, Ralf C., Perrochet, Frederic, Reinhard, S., Grosse, Meike, Krause, Hans-Martin, Krauss, Maike, Mäder, Paul, Mueller, Ralf C., Perrochet, Frederic, and Reinhard, S.

Abstract

Neben den agronomischen Grunderhebungen soll in der Projektphase 2024-2027 im Präparate-Bodenbearbeitungsversuch Frick ein spezieller Fokus auf der Charakterisierung funktioneller Gene in Boden-Mikroorganismen anhand von Hochdurchsatz-Sequenzierung und Metagenomik liegen. Dabei sollen alle Verfahren (Pflugverfahren und reduzierte Bodenbearbeitung, Mistkompost-Gülledüngung und reine Gülledüngung, mit Präparaten und ohne Präparate) berücksichtigt werden, um mögliche Wechselwirkungen aufzuspüren. Die Präparate sollen ebenfalls mit dieser Sequenziertechnologie untersucht werden, um mögliche Einflusswege auf das Boden-Mikrobiom über deren Mikrobiom aufzuspüren.

Published
2023

4. Toets van de heuristiek economische analyse maatregelen DP Zoetwater

Author

Reinhard, S., Linderhof, V., Polman, N., Reinhard, S., Linderhof, V., and Polman, N.

Abstract

Deze notitie is onderdeel van de opdracht ‘Toetsen heuristiek economische analyse Deltaprogramma Zoetwater’ die Wageningen Economic Research heeft uitgevoerd in opdracht van Rijkswaterstaat. Het doel van deze studie is het toetsen van de heuristiek die gebruikt is in de economische analyse voor DPZW fase 2, en te komen tot concrete verbeteringen die meegenomen kunnen worden voor de economische analyses voor DPZW fase 3.

Published
2023

8. Deltas under pressure, guidelines to facilitate transition pathways

Author

Verhagen, J., Elzen, B., Koopmanschap, E., Reinhard, S., Verburg, C., Naranjo Barrantes, M., Beekmann, K., Creusen, R., Debrot, D., Klapwijk, L., Siegmund-Schultze, M., Veldhuizen, A., Wilbers, G., Nguyen Hong Tin, Dang Kieu Nhan, Terwisscha van Scheltinga, C., Verhagen, J., Elzen, B., Koopmanschap, E., Reinhard, S., Verburg, C., Naranjo Barrantes, M., Beekmann, K., Creusen, R., Debrot, D., Klapwijk, L., Siegmund-Schultze, M., Veldhuizen, A., Wilbers, G., Nguyen Hong Tin, Dang Kieu Nhan, and Terwisscha van Scheltinga, C.

Abstract

This short note was initially prepared as an outline for the project team of the research project ‘Deltas under Pressure’ (DuP) to structure activities and increase impact in the search for possible transition pathways for food systems in a delta environment. The overall aim is to present an overarching framework that clarifies the linkages between the different disciplines in analysing such pathways. This work was supported by the ‘Transition Pathways’ project that is part of the same research programme ‘Food and Water Security’. By placing research in context, the framework helps to increase the impact of research activities as the connections between the different research activities and critical intervention points become evident. The framework might also be helpful for other stakeholders, like policymakers, private sector parties, NGOs, farmers groups, and individuals involved.

Published
2022

9. Deltas under pressure, guidelines tofacilitate transition pathways

Author

Verhagen, J., Elzen, B., Koopmanschap, E., Reinhard, S., Verburg, C., Naranjo Barrantes, M., Beekmann, K., Creusen, R., Debrot, D., Klapwijk, L., Siegmund-Schultze, M., Veldhuizen, A., Wilbers, G., Nguyen Hong Tin, Dang Kieu Nhan, and Terwisscha van Scheltinga, C.

Subjects
Water and Food, Water en Landgebruik, Advisory, OT Team Agriculture & Society, Water and Land Use, Land Use and Food Security, Agrarische Economie en Plattelandsbeleid, Water en Voedsel, Emissie & Mestverwaarding, WASS, Team Toxicology, Landgebruik en Voedselzekerheid, Bodem, Water en Landgebruik, Soil, Onderz. Form. D, Soil, Water and Land Use, BBP Bioconversion, Bodem, Groene Economie en Ruimte, Agricultural Economics and Rural Policy, Life Science, Emissions & Manure Valorisation, OT Team Landbouw & Samenleving, Green Economy and Landuse, VLAG
Abstract

This short note was initially prepared as an outline for the project team of the research project ‘Deltas under Pressure’ (DuP) to structure activities and increase impact in the search for possible transition pathways for food systems in a delta environment. The overall aim is to present an overarching framework that clarifies the linkages between the different disciplines in analysing such pathways. This work was supported by the ‘Transition Pathways’ project that is part of the same research programme ‘Food and Water Security’. By placing research in context, the framework helps to increase the impact of research activities as the connections between the different research activities and critical intervention points become evident. The framework might also be helpful for other stakeholders, like policymakers, private sector parties, NGOs, farmers groups, and individuals involved.

Published
2022

12. Aanvullende analyse van de economische effecten van inrichtingsvarianten voor de Noordzee tot 2040/2050

Author

Roebeling, P.C., van den Burg, S., Strietman, W.J., Hamon, K., Jongbloed, R.H., Eweg, A., Reinhard, S., Roebeling, P.C., van den Burg, S., Strietman, W.J., Hamon, K., Jongbloed, R.H., Eweg, A., and Reinhard, S.

Abstract

In this report, indicative insight is provided into the economic effects of future spatial scenarios on the North Sea usage functions. For each of these scenarios, the annual effects on the various usage functions on the Dutch part of the North Sea are calculated or qualitatively described for the years 2017 and 2040/2050. The economic effects are calculated in terms of the annual direct and indirect production value, added value, employment (FTE) and mitigation costs., In deze studie wordt een indicatieve economische vertaling gemaakt van de effecten van verschillende ruimtelijke inrichtingsvarianten op de Noordzee gebruiksfuncties. Hierbij wordt voor elke inrichtingsvariant de effecten waar mogelijk kwantitatief doorgerekend en waar dat niet mogelijk is kwalitatief beoordeeld voor de jaren 2017 en 2040/2050. De economische effecten worden hierbij berekend in termen van de jaarlijkse directe en indirecte productiewaarde, toegevoegde waarde, werkgelegenheid (fte) en mitigatiekosten.

Published
2021

13. De economische en ecologische effecten van inrichtingsvarianten voor de Noordzee tot 2040/2050

Author

Roebeling, P.C., Strietman, W.J., Jongbloed, R.H., Tamis, J.E., Hamon, K., Eweg, A., van den Burg, S., Reinhard, S., Roebeling, P.C., Strietman, W.J., Jongbloed, R.H., Tamis, J.E., Hamon, K., Eweg, A., van den Burg, S., and Reinhard, S.

Abstract

In this report, indicative insight is provided into the economic and ecological effects of four future spatial scenarios on the North Sea usage functions. For each of these scenarios, the annual effects on the various usage functions on the Dutch part of the North Sea are calculated or qualitatively described for the years 2017 and 2040/2050. The economic effects are calculated in terms of the annual direct and indirect production value, added value and employment (FTE). The ecological effects are expressed in terms of risk for species groups (seabirds, seals, porpoises and other cetaceans, bats, fish and reef-building species) and cumulative impacts for ecosystem components (birds, fish, marine mammals and habitats)., In deze verkenning wordt een indicatieve economische en ecologische vertaling gemaakt van de effecten van vier verschillende ruimtelijke inrichtingsvarianten op de Noordzee gebruiksfuncties. Hierbij wordt voor elke inrichtingsvariant de effecten waar mogelijk kwantitatief doorgerekend en waar dat niet mogelijk is kwalitatief beoordeeld voor het referentiejaar 2017 en de jaren 2040/2050. De economische effecten worden hierbij berekend in termen van de jaarlijkse directe en indirecte productiewaarde, toegevoegde waarde en werkgelegenheid (fte). De ecologische effecten worden hierbij weergegeven in termen van risico voor soortgroepen (zeevogels, zeehonden, bruinvis en andere walvisachtigen, vleermuizen, vissen en rifbouwende soorten) en cumulatieve impacts voor ecosysteem componenten (vogels, vissen, zeezoogdieren en habitats).

Published
2021

16. Adapting to climate change in The Netherlands: an inventory of climate adaptation options and ranking of alternatives

Author

Bruin, K., Dellink, R. B., Ruijs, A., Bolwidt, L., Buuren, A., Graveland, J., Groot, R. S., Kuikman, P. J., Reinhard, S., Roetter, R. P., Tassone, V. C., Verhagen, A., and Ierland, E. C.

Subjects
Environmental economics -- Methods, Global temperature changes -- Management, Company business management, Earth sciences
Abstract

Byline: K. Bruin (1), R. B. Dellink (1,2), A. Ruijs (1), L. Bolwidt (3), A. Buuren (4), J. Graveland (5), R. S. Groot (6), P. J. Kuikman (7), S. Reinhard (8,9), R. P. Roetter (7), V. C. Tassone (6), A. Verhagen (10), E. C. Ierland (1) Abstract: In many countries around the world impacts of climate change are assessed and adaptation options identified. We describe an approach for a qualitative and quantitative assessment of adaptation options to respond to climate change in the Netherlands. The study introduces an inventory and ranking of adaptation options based on stakeholder analysis and expert judgement, and presents some estimates of incremental costs and benefits. The qualitative assessment focuses on ranking and prioritisation of adaptation options. Options are selected and identified and discussed by stakeholders on the basis of a sectoral approach, and assessed with respect to their importance, urgency and other characteristics by experts. The preliminary quantitative assessment identifies incremental costs and benefits of adaptation options. Priority ranking based on a weighted sum of criteria reveals that in the Netherlands integrated nature and water management and risk based policies rank high, followed by policies aiming at 'climate proof' housing and infrastructure. Author Affiliation: (1) Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group, Wageningen University, Hollandseweg 1, 6706 KN, Wageningen, The Netherlands (2) Institute for Environmental Studies, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (3) RIZA, Institute for Inland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment, Lelystad, The Netherlands (4) Department of Public Administration, Erasmus Universiteit, Rotterdam, The Netherlands (5) RIKZ, National Institute for Coastal and Marine Management, Middelburg, The Netherlands (6) Environmental Systems Analysis, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands (7) Alterra, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands (8) LEI, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands (9) BSIK Leven met Water, Gouda, The Netherlands (10) Plant Research International, Wageningen UR, Wageningen, The Netherlands Article History: Registration Date: 13/02/2009 Received Date: 12/09/2007 Accepted Date: 11/10/2008 Online Date: 10/04/2009

Published
2009

18. The synthetic ligand Apelin-F13A binds and activates glioblastoma APLNR reducing the pro-invasive side effect of anti-angiogenic therapy

Author

Kälin, R, Stöcklein, V, Li, M, Reinhard, S, Mastrella, G, Wagner, E, Tonn, JC, and Glass, R

Subjects
ddc: 610, 610 Medical sciences, Medicine
Abstract

Objective: Anti-angiogenic therapy of glioblastoma (GBM) blocking vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) often resulted in accelerated tumor-cell invasion and upregulation of alternative angiogenic pathways. Here, we studied the impact of different apelin peptides acting on the G-protein coupled[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 70. Jahrestagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie (DGNC), Joint Meeting mit der Skandinavischen Gesellschaft für Neurochirurgie

Published
2019
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19. Influence of growth temperature and disorder on spectral and temporal properties of Ga(NAsP) heterostructures.

Author

Woscholski, R., Gies, S., Wiemer, M., Shakfa, M. K., Rahimi-Iman, A., Ludewig, P., Reinhard, S., Jandieri, K., Baranovskii, S. D., Heimbrodt, W., Volz, K., Stolz, W., and Koch, M.

Subjects
HETEROSTRUCTURES, PHOTOLUMINESCENCE, TEMPERATURE, OPTICAL properties, GALLIUM
Abstract

We have studied the optical properties of Ga(NAsP)-heterostructures, which were systematically grown at different temperatures by means of continuous-wave and time-resolved photoluminescence. We show that both the long ranged and the short ranged disorder scales increase for higher growth temperatures. Furthermore, samples with a higher disorder not only emit less photoluminescence (PL) intensity but also exhibit a longer effective PL decay time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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22. Targeting APLN/APLNR improves antiangiogenic efficiency and blunts proinvasive side effects of VEGFA/VEGFR2 blockade in glioblastoma

Author

Hou M., M, Li, M, Stoecklein, V, Zdouc, N, Volmar, M, Miletic, H, Reinhard, S, Herold-Mende, C, Kleber, S, Eisenhut, K, Gargiulo, G, Synowitz, M, Vescovi, A, Harter, P, Penninger, J, Wagner, E, Mittelbronn, M, Bjerkvig, R, Hambardzumyan, D, Schuller, U, Tonn, J, Radke, J, Glass, R, Kalin, R, Mastrella G., Hou M., M., Li, V.M., Stoecklein, N., Zdouc, M.N.M., Volmar, H., Miletic, S., Reinhard, C.C., Herold-Mende, S., Kleber, K., Eisenhut, G., Gargiulo, M., Synowitz, A.L., Vescovi, P.N., Harter, J.M., Penninger, E., Wagner, M., Mittelbronn, R., Bjerkvig, D., Hambardzumyan, U., Schuller, J.-C., Tonn, J., Radke, R., Glass, R.E., Kalin, Hou M., M, Li, M, Stoecklein, V, Zdouc, N, Volmar, M, Miletic, H, Reinhard, S, Herold-Mende, C, Kleber, S, Eisenhut, K, Gargiulo, G, Synowitz, M, Vescovi, A, Harter, P, Penninger, J, Wagner, E, Mittelbronn, M, Bjerkvig, R, Hambardzumyan, D, Schuller, U, Tonn, J, Radke, J, Glass, R, Kalin, R, Mastrella G., Hou M., M., Li, V.M., Stoecklein, N., Zdouc, M.N.M., Volmar, H., Miletic, S., Reinhard, C.C., Herold-Mende, S., Kleber, K., Eisenhut, G., Gargiulo, M., Synowitz, A.L., Vescovi, P.N., Harter, J.M., Penninger, E., Wagner, M., Mittelbronn, R., Bjerkvig, D., Hambardzumyan, U., Schuller, J.-C., Tonn, J., Radke, R., Glass, and R.E., Kalin

Abstract

Antiangiogenic therapy of glioblastoma (GBM) with bevacizumab, a VEGFA-blocking antibody, may accelerate tumor cell invasion and induce alternative angiogenic pathways. Here we investigate the roles of the proangiogenic apelin receptor APLNR and its cognate ligand apelin in VEGFA/VEGFR2 antiangiogenic therapy against distinct subtypes of GBM. In proneural GBM, apelin levels were downregulated by VEGFA or VEGFR2 blockade. A central role for apelin/APLNR in controlling GBM vascularization was corroborated in a serial implantation model of the angiogenic switch that occurs in human GBM. Apelin and APLNR are broadly expressed in human GBM, and knockdown or knockout of APLN in orthotopic models of proneural or classical GBM subtypes significantly reduced GBM vascularization compared with controls. However, reduction in apelin expression led to accelerated GBM cell invasion. Analysis of stereotactic GBM biopsies from patients as well as from in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed increased dissemination of APLNR-positive tumor cells when apelin levels were reduced. Application of apelin-F13A, a mutant APLNR ligand, blocked tumor angiogenesis and GBM cell invasion. Furthermore, cotargeting VEGFR2 and APLNR synergistically improved survival of mice bearing proneural GBM. In summary, we show that apelin/APLNR signaling controls GBM angiogenesis and invasion and that both pathologic features are blunted by apelin-F13A.We suggest that apelin-F13A can improve the efficiency and reduce the side effects of established antiangiogenic treatments for distinct GBM subtypes. Significance: Pharmacologic targeting of the APLNR acts synergistically with established antiangiogenic treatments in glioblastoma and blunts therapy resistance to current strategies for antiangiogenesis.

Published
2019

23. The Shadow Price of Irrigation Water in Major Groundwater‐Depleting Countries

Author

Bierkens, M., Reinhard, S., Bruijn, J.A., Veninga, W., Wada, Y., Bierkens, M., Reinhard, S., Bruijn, J.A., Veninga, W., and Wada, Y.

Abstract

In many semiarid regions with irrigation, the depletion rate of groundwater resources has increased substantially during the last decades. A possible reason for this is that the price that users pay for their water does not reflect its scarcity and value. An alternative way to assess the perceived value of water is calculating its shadow price, which is defined here as the marginal value produced, and relates to the efficiency gain from current reallocation. Here we determine the shadow price of water used for irrigation for the most important groundwater‐depleting countries and for four staple crops and one cash crop. To quantify the shadow price, the relation between the output and the water input is represented using production functions. We use globally available panel data on country‐specific crop yields and prices together with crop‐specific water consumption, calculated with the global hydrological model PCR‐GLOBWB, to parameterize the production function by country and crop with econometric analyses. Our results show that the variation of shadow prices for staple crops within several countries is high, indicating economically inefficient use of water resources, including nonrenewable groundwater. We also analyze the effects of reallocating irrigation water between crops, showing that changes in water allocation could lead to either an increase in the economic efficiency of water use or large reductions in irrigation water consumption. Our study thus provides a hydroeconomic basis to stimulate sustainable use of finite groundwater resources globally.

Published
2019

24. The ALICE Transition Radiation Detector: construction, operation, and performance

Author

Acharya, Shreyasi, Adam, Jaroslav, Adamová, Dagmar, Adler, Clemens, Adolfsson, Jonatan, Aggarwal, Madan Mohan, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Nazeer, Ahn, Sang Un, Aiola, Salvatore, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Alam, Sk Noor, Antonczyk, Dariusz, Arend, Andreas, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Albuquerque, Danilo Silva de, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Alici, Andrea, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alt, Torsten, Altenkämper, Lucas, Altsybeev, Igor, Prado, Caio Alves Garcia, Andrei, Cristian, Andreou, Dimitra, Andrews, Harry Arthur, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Anson, Christopher Daniel, Antičić, Tome, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Anwar, Rafay, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arcelli, Silvia, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arnold, Oliver Werner, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Audurier, Benjamin, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Badalà, Angela, Baek, Yong Wook, Bagnasco, Stefano, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, Bala, Renu, Baldisseri, Alberto, Ball, Markus, Baral, Rama Chandra, Barbano, Anastasia Maria, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Bartalini, Paolo, Barth, Klaus, Bartos, D, Bartsch, Esther, Basile, Maurizio, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Bathen, Bastian, Batigne, Guillaume, Batyunya, Boris, Bätzing, Paul Christoph, Baumann, Christoph, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beck, Hans, Bedda, Cristina, Behera, Nirbhay Kumar, Belikov, Iouri, Bellini, Francesca, Bello Martinez, Hector, Bellwied, Rene, Espinoza Beltran, Lucina Gabriela, Belyaev, Vladimir, Bencédi, Gyula, Beolè, Stefania, Berceanu, Ionela, Bercuci, Alexandru, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berényi, Dániel, Bertens, Redmer Alexander, Berzano, Dario, Betev, Latchezar, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Inayat Rasool, Bhati, Ashok Kumar, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bhom, Jihyun, Bianchi, Antonio, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bianchin, Chiara, Bielčík, Jaroslav, Bielčíková, Jana, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Rathijit, Biswas, Saikat, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry S., Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bogdanov, Alexey A., Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bonomi, Germano, Bonora, Matthias, Book, Julian, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borri, Marcello, Botta, Elena, Bourjau, Christian, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broker, Theo Alexander, Broz, Michal, Brücken, Erik Jens, Bruna, Elena, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Bucher, Damian, Budnikov, Dmitry, Büsching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bühler, Paul, Bunčić, Predrag, Busch, Oliver, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bashir Butt, Jamila, Buxton, Jesse Thomas, Cabala, Jan, Caffarri, Davide, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Camerini, Paolo, Capon, Aaron Allan, Caragheorgheopol, G, Carena, Francesco, Carena, Wisla, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Castro, Andrew John, Casula, Ester Anna Rita, Catanescu, V, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Cerello, Piergiorgio, Chandra, Sinjini, Chang, Beomsu, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Chauvin, Alex Henri Jean, Chernenko, Sergey P., Cherney, Michael Gerard, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Chojnacki, Marek, Choudhury, Subikash, Chowdhury, Tasnuva, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Chung, Suh-Urk, Cicalò, Corrado, Cifarelli, Luisa, Cindolo, Federico, Ciobanu, M, Cleymans, Jean Willy Andre, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colella, Domenico, Collu, Alberto, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Connors, Megan Elizabeth, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Cormier, Thomas Michael, Corrales Morales, Yasser, Cortes Maldonado, Ismael, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cuautle Flores, Eleazar, Cunqueiro Mendez, Leticia, Dahms, Torsten, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Debasish, Das, Indranil, Das, Supriya, Dash, Ajay Kumar, Dash, Sadhana, Daues, Heinz, De, Sudipan, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Conti, Camila de, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Souza, Rafael Derradi de, Degenhardt, Hermann Franz, Deisting, Alexander, Deloff, Andrzej, Deplano, Caterina, Devismes, A, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Di Nezza, Pasquale, Di Ruzza, Benedetto, Dietel, Thomas, Dillenseger, Pascal, Divià, Roberto, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Domenicis Gimenez, Diogenes, Donigus, Benjamin, Dordic, Olja, Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van, Dubey, Anand Kumar, Dubla, Andrea, Ducroux, Laurent, Duggal, Ashpreet Kaur, Dupieux, Pascal, Duta, V, Ehlers Iii, Raymond James, Elia, Domenico, Emschermann, David, Endress, Eric, Engel, Heiko, Epple, Eliane, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Erhardt, Filip, Espagnon, Bruno, Esumi, ShinIchi, Eulisse, Giulio, Eum, Jongsik, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faivre, Julien, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Fateev, O, Feldkamp, Linus, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Ferencei, Jozef, Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferretti, Alessandro, Festanti, Andrea, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Figiel, Jan, Figueredo, Marcel Araujo Silva, Filchagin, Sergey, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Fleck, M, Floris, Michele, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Foka, Panagiota, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Francescon, Andrea, Francisco, Audrey, Frankenfeld, Ulrich, Freuen, S, Fronzé, Gabriele Gaetano, Fuchs, Ulrich, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusco Girard, Mario, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Gajdosova, Katarina, Gallio, Mauro, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Garg, Kunal, Gargiulo, Corrado, Gasik, Piotr, Gatz, Henriette, Gauger, Erin Frances, Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay, Germain, Marie, Ghosh, Jhuma, Ghosh, Premomoy, Ghosh, Sanjay Kumar, Gianotti, Paola, Giolu, G, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa, Glasow, Richard, Glässel, Peter, Gremmler, Svenja, Gómez Coral, Diego Mauricio, Gómez Ramírez, Andrés, Sanchez Gonzalez, Andres, Gorbunov, Sergey, Görlich, Lidia Maria, Gotovac, Sven, Gottschalk, Dirk, Gottschlag, Holger, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Graham, Katie Leanne, Grajcarek, Robert, Greiner, Leo Clifford, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Ara, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grimm, Helge, Grion, Nevio, Gronefeld, Julius Maximilian, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Gruber, Lukas, Guber, Fedor, Guernane, Rachid, Guerzoni, Barbara, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gunji, Taku, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gutfleisch, M, Bautista Guzman, Irais, Haake, Rüdiger, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamar, Gergö, Hamon, Julien Charles, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Hartig, Matthias, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hayashi, Shinichi, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hehner, Joerg, Heide, Markus, Hellbär, Ernst, Helstrup, Håvard, Herghelegiu, Andrei Ionut, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Norbert, Hess, Benjamin Andreas, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hills, Christopher, Hippolyte, Boris, Hladkỳ, Jan, Hohlweger, Bernhard, Horak, David, Hornung, Sebastian, Hosokawa, Ritsuya, Hristov, Peter, Huber, Sebastian, Hughes, Charles, Humanic, Thomas J., Hussain, Nur, Hussain, Tahir, Hutter, Dirk, Hwang, Dae Sung, Iga Buitron, Sergio Arturo, Ilkaev, Radiy, Inaba, Motoi, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Irfan, Muhammad, Islam, Md Samsul, 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Natal da, Nattrass, Christine, Rosado Navarro, Sebastian, Nayak, Kishora, Nayak, Ranjit, Nayak, Tapan Kumar, Nazarenko, Sergey, Nedosekin, Alexander, Oliveira, Renato Aparecido Negrao de, Neher, Michael, Nellen, Lukas, Nesbo, Simon Voigt, Ng, Fabian, Nicassio, Maria, Niculescu, Mihai, Niedziela, Jeremi, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Nomokonov, Petr V., Nooren, Gerardus, Cabanillas Noris, Juan Carlos, Norman, Jaime, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Oeschler, Helmut, Oh, Saehanseul, Ohlson, Alice, Okubo, Tsubasa, Oláh, László, Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Oliver, Michael Henry, Onderwaater, Jacobus, Oppedisano, Chiara, Orava, Risto, Oravec, Matej, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Oskarsson, Anders Nils Erik, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Pacik, Vojtech, Pagano, Davide, Pagano, Paola, Paic, Guy, Panebratsev, Yu, Palni, Prabhakar, Pan, Jinjin, Pandey, Ashutosh 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Abstract

The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.

Published
2019

35. The ALICE Transition Radiation Detector: construction, operation, and performance

Author

Acharya, Shreyasi, Adam, Jaroslav, Adamová, Dagmar, Adler, Clemens, Adolfsson, Jonatan, Aggarwal, Madan Mohan, Aglieri Rinella, Gianluca, Agnello, Michelangelo, Agrawal, Neelima, Ahammed, Zubayer, Ahmad, Nazeer, Ahn, Sang Un, Aiola, Salvatore, Akindinov, Alexander, Al-Turany, Mohammad, Alam, Sk Noor, Antonczyk, Dariusz, Arend, Andreas, Bazo Alba, José Luis, Albuquerque, Danilo Silva de, Aleksandrov, Dmitry, Alessandro, Bruno, Alfaro Molina, Jose Ruben, Alici, Andrea, Alkin, Anton, Alme, Johan, Alt, Torsten, Altenkämper, Lucas, Altsybeev, Igor, Prado, Caio Alves Garcia, Andrei, Cristian, Andreou, Dimitra, Andrews, Harry Arthur, Andronic, Anton, Anguelov, Venelin, Anson, Christopher Daniel, Antičić, Tome, Antinori, Federico, Antonioli, Pietro, Anwar, Rafay, Aphecetche, Laurent Bernard, Appelshäuser, Harald, Arcelli, Silvia, Arnaldi, Roberta, Arnold, Oliver Werner, Arsene, Ionut Cristian, Arslandok, Mesut, Audurier, Benjamin, Augustinus, Andre, Averbeck, Ralf Peter, Azmi, Mohd Danish, Badalà, Angela, Baek, Yong Wook, Bagnasco, Stefano, Bailhache, Raphaëlle, Bala, Renu, Baldisseri, Alberto, Ball, Markus, Baral, Rama Chandra, Barbano, Anastasia Maria, Barbera, Roberto, Barile, Francesco, Barioglio, Luca, Barnaföldi, Gergely Gábor, Barnby, Lee Stuart, Ramillien Barret, Valerie, Bartalini, Paolo, Barth, Klaus, Bartos, D, Bartsch, Esther, Basile, Maurizio, Bastid, Nicole, Basu, Sumit, Bathen, Bastian, Batigne, Guillaume, Batyunya, Boris, Bätzing, Paul Christoph, Baumann, Christoph, Bearden, Ian Gardner, Beck, Hans, Bedda, Cristina, Behera, Nirbhay Kumar, Belikov, Iouri, Bellini, Francesca, Bello Martinez, Hector, Bellwied, Rene, Espinoza Beltran, Lucina Gabriela, Belyaev, Vladimir, Bencédi, Gyula, Beolè, Stefania, Berceanu, Ionela, Bercuci, Alexandru, Berdnikov, Yaroslav, Berényi, Dániel, Bertens, Redmer Alexander, Berzano, Dario, Betev, Latchezar, Bhasin, Anju, Bhat, Inayat Rasool, Bhati, Ashok Kumar, Bhattacharjee, Buddhadeb, Bhom, Jihyun, Bianchi, Antonio, Bianchi, Livio, Bianchi, Nicola, Bianchin, Chiara, Bielčík, Jaroslav, Bielčíková, Jana, Bilandzic, Ante, Biro, Gabor, Biswas, Rathijit, Biswas, Saikat, Blair, Justin Thomas, Blau, Dmitry S., Blume, Christoph, Boca, Gianluigi, Bock, Friederike, Bogdanov, Alexey A., Boldizsar, Laszlo, Bombara, Marek, Bonomi, Germano, Bonora, Matthias, Book, Julian, Borel, Herve, Borissov, Alexander, Borri, Marcello, Botta, Elena, Bourjau, Christian, Bratrud, Lars, Braun-Munzinger, Peter, Bregant, Marco, Broker, Theo Alexander, Broz, Michal, Brücken, Erik Jens, Bruna, Elena, Bruno, Giuseppe Eugenio, Bucher, Damian, Budnikov, Dmitry, Büsching, Henner, Bufalino, Stefania, Bühler, Paul, Bunčić, Predrag, Busch, Oliver, Buthelezi, Edith Zinhle, Bashir Butt, Jamila, Buxton, Jesse Thomas, Cabala, Jan, Caffarri, Davide, Caines, Helen Louise, Caliva, Alberto, Calvo Villar, Ernesto, Camerini, Paolo, Capon, Aaron Allan, Caragheorgheopol, G, Carena, Francesco, Carena, Wisla, Carnesecchi, Francesca, Castillo Castellanos, Javier Ernesto, Castro, Andrew John, Casula, Ester Anna Rita, Catanescu, V, Ceballos Sanchez, Cesar, Cerello, Piergiorgio, Chandra, Sinjini, Chang, Beomsu, Chapeland, Sylvain, Chartier, Marielle, Chattopadhyay, Subhasis, Chattopadhyay, Sukalyan, Chauvin, Alex Henri Jean, Chernenko, Sergey P., Cherney, Michael Gerard, Cheshkov, Cvetan Valeriev, Cheynis, Brigitte, Chibante Barroso, Vasco Miguel, Chinellato, David Dobrigkeit, Cho, Soyeon, Chochula, Peter, Chojnacki, Marek, Choudhury, Subikash, Chowdhury, Tasnuva, Christakoglou, Panagiotis, Christensen, Christian Holm, Christiansen, Peter L., Chujo, Tatsuya, Chung, Suh-Urk, Cicalò, Corrado, Cifarelli, Luisa, Cindolo, Federico, Ciobanu, M, Cleymans, Jean Willy Andre, Colamaria, Fabio Filippo, Colella, Domenico, Collu, Alberto, Colocci, Manuel, Concas, Matteo, Conesa Balbastre, Gustavo, Conesa Del Valle, Zaida, Connors, Megan Elizabeth, Contreras Nuno, Jesus Guillermo, Cormier, Thomas Michael, Corrales Morales, Yasser, Cortes Maldonado, Ismael, Cortese, Pietro, Cosentino, Mauro Rogerio, Costa, Filippo, Costanza, Susanna, Crkovská, Jana, Crochet, Philippe, Cuautle Flores, Eleazar, Cunqueiro Mendez, Leticia, Dahms, Torsten, Dainese, Andrea, Danisch, Meike Charlotte, Danu, Andrea, Das, Debasish, Das, Indranil, Das, Supriya, Dash, Ajay Kumar, Dash, Sadhana, Daues, Heinz, De, Sudipan, De Caro, Annalisa, De Cataldo, Giacinto, Conti, Camila de, Cuveland, Jan de, De Falco, Alessandro, De Gruttola, Daniele, De Marco, Nora, De Pasquale, Salvatore, Souza, Rafael Derradi de, Degenhardt, Hermann Franz, Deisting, Alexander, Deloff, Andrzej, Deplano, Caterina, Devismes, A, Dhankher, Preeti, Di Bari, Domenico, Di Mauro, Antonio, Di Nezza, Pasquale, Di Ruzza, Benedetto, Dietel, Thomas, Dillenseger, Pascal, Divià, Roberto, Djuvsland, Øystein, Dobrin, Alexandru Florin, Domenicis Gimenez, Diogenes, Donigus, Benjamin, Dordic, Olja, Doremalen, Lennart Vincent Rogier van, Dubey, Anand Kumar, Dubla, Andrea, Ducroux, Laurent, Duggal, Ashpreet Kaur, Dupieux, Pascal, Duta, V, Ehlers Iii, Raymond James, Elia, Domenico, Emschermann, David, Endress, Eric, Engel, Heiko, Epple, Eliane, Erazmus, Barbara Ewa, Erhardt, Filip, Espagnon, Bruno, Esumi, ShinIchi, Eulisse, Giulio, Eum, Jongsik, Evans, David, Evdokimov, Sergey, Fabbietti, Laura, Faivre, Julien, Fantoni, Alessandra, Fasel, Markus, Fateev, O, Feldkamp, Linus, Feliciello, Alessandro, Feofilov, Grigori A., Ferencei, Jozef, Fernández Téllez, Arturo, Ferretti, Alessandro, Festanti, Andrea, Feuillard, Victor Jose Gaston, Figiel, Jan, Figueredo, Marcel Araujo Silva, Filchagin, Sergey, Finogeev, Dmitry, Fionda, Fiorella Maria Celeste, Fleck, M, Floris, Michele, Foertsch, Siegfried Valentin, Foka, Panagiota, Fokin, Sergey, Fragiacomo, Enrico, Francescon, Andrea, Francisco, Audrey, Frankenfeld, Ulrich, Freuen, S, Fronzé, Gabriele Gaetano, Fuchs, Ulrich, Furget, Christophe, Furs, Artur, Fusco Girard, Mario, Gaardhoeje, Jens Joergen, Gagliardi, Martino, Gago Medina, Alberto Martín, Gajdosova, Katarina, Gallio, Mauro, Duarte Galvan, Carlos, Ganoti, Paraskevi, Garabatos Cuadrado, Jose, Garcia-Solis, Edmundo Javier, Garg, Kunal, Gargiulo, Corrado, Gasik, Piotr, Gatz, Henriette, Gauger, Erin Frances, Ducati, Maria Beatriz de Leone Gay, Germain, Marie, Ghosh, Jhuma, Ghosh, Premomoy, Ghosh, Sanjay Kumar, Gianotti, Paola, Giolu, G, Giubellino, Paolo, Giubilato, Piero, Gładysz-Dziaduś, Ewa, Glasow, Richard, Glässel, Peter, Gremmler, Svenja, Gómez Coral, Diego Mauricio, Gómez Ramírez, Andrés, Sanchez Gonzalez, Andres, Gorbunov, Sergey, Görlich, Lidia Maria, Gotovac, Sven, Gottschalk, Dirk, Gottschlag, Holger, Grabski, Varlen, Graczykowski, Łukasz Kamil, Graham, Katie Leanne, Grajcarek, Robert, Greiner, Leo Clifford, Grelli, Alessandro, Grigoraș, Costin, Grigoryev, Vladislav, Grigoryan, Ara, Grigoryan, Smbat, Grimm, Helge, Grion, Nevio, Gronefeld, Julius Maximilian, Grosa, Fabrizio, Große-Oetringhaus, Jan Fiete, Grosso, Raffaele, Gruber, Lukas, Guber, Fedor, Guernane, Rachid, Guerzoni, Barbara, Gulbrandsen, Kristjan Herlache, Gunji, Taku, Gupta, Anik, Gupta, Ramni, Gutfleisch, M, Bautista Guzman, Irais, Haake, Rüdiger, Hadjidakis, Cynthia Marie, Hamagaki, Hideki, Hamar, Gergö, Hamon, Julien Charles, Haque, Md Rihan, Harris, John William, Hartig, Matthias, Harton, Austin Vincent, Hassan, Hadi, Hatzifotiadou, Despina, Hayashi, Shinichi, Heckel, Stefan Thomas, Hehner, Joerg, Heide, Markus, Hellbär, Ernst, Helstrup, Håvard, Herghelegiu, Andrei Ionut, Herrera Corral, Gerardo Antonio, Herrmann, Florian, Herrmann, Norbert, Hess, Benjamin Andreas, Hetland, Kristin Fanebust, Hillemanns, Hartmut, Hills, Christopher, Hippolyte, Boris, Hladkỳ, Jan, Hohlweger, Bernhard, Horak, David, Hornung, Sebastian, Hosokawa, Ritsuya, Hristov, Peter, Huber, Sebastian, Hughes, Charles, Humanic, Thomas J., Hussain, Nur, Hussain, Tahir, Hutter, Dirk, Hwang, Dae Sung, Iga Buitron, Sergio Arturo, Ilkaev, Radiy, Inaba, Motoi, Ippolitov, Mikhail, Irfan, Muhammad, Islam, Md Samsul, Ivanov, Marian, Ivanov, Vladimir, Izucheev, Vladimir, Jacak, Barbara, Jacazio, Nicolò, Jacobs, Peter Martin, Jadhav, Manoj Bhanudas, Jadlovsky, Jan, Jaelani, Syaefudin, Jahnke, Cristiane, Jakubowska, Monika Joanna, Janik, Malgorzata Anna, Pahula Hewage, Sandun, Jena, Chitrasen, Jena, Satyajit, Jercic, Marko, Jiménez Bustamante, Raúl Tonatiuh, Jones, Peter Graham, Jusko, Anton, Kalinak, Peter, Kalweit, Alexander Philipp, Kang, Ju Hwan, Kaplin, Vladimir, Kar, Somnath, Karasu Uysal, Ayben, Karavichev, Oleg V., Karavicheva, Tatiana L., Karayan, Lilit, Karczmarczyk, Przemyslaw, Karpechev, Evgeny, Kebschull, Udo, Keidel, Ralf, Keijdener, Darius Laurens D., Keil, Markus, Ketzer, Bernhard, Khabanova, Zhanna, Khan, Palash, Khan, Shuaib Ahmad, Khanzadeev, Alexei, Kharlov, Yury, Khatun, Anisa, Khuntia, Arvind, Kielbowicz, Mirosław Marek, Kileng, Bjarte, Kim, Byungchul, Kim, Daehyeok, Kim, Dong Jo, Kim, Hyeonjoong, Kim, Jinsook, Kim, Jiyoung, Kim, Minjung, Kim, Minwoo, Kim, Se Yong, Kim, Taesoo, Kirsch, Stefan, Kisel, Ivan, Kiselev, Sergej N., Kisiel, Adam Ryszard, Kislov, E, Kiss, Gabor, Klay, Jennifer Lynn, Klein, Carsten, Klein, Jochen, Klein-Bösing, Christian, Klein-Bösing, Melanie, Kliemant, Michael, Klingenmeyer, Hannah, Klewin, Sebastian, Kluge, Alexander, Knichel, Michael Linus, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Varga-Kofarago, Monika, Kohn, Martin, Kollegger, Thorsten, Kondratev, Valerii, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, Konevskikh, Artem, Konno, Masahiro, Konyushikhin, Maxim A., Kopcik, Michal, Kour, Mandeep, Kouzinopoulos, Charalampos, Kovalenko, Oleksandr, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Greeshma, Králik, Ivan, Kramer, Frederick, Kravčáková, Adela, Krawutschke, Tobias, Kreis, Lukas, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krumbhorn, Dirk, Kryshen, Evgeny, Krzewicki, Mikolaj, Kubera, Andrew Michael, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumar, Ajay, Kumar, Jitendra, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lagana Fernandes, Caio, Lai, Yue Shi, Lakomov, Igor, Langoy, Rune, Lapidus, Kirill, Lara Martinez, Camilo Ernesto, Lardeux, Antoine Xavier, Lattuca, Alessandra, Laudi, Elisa, Lavicka, Roman, Lea, Ramona, Leardini, Lucia, Lee, Seongjoo, Lehas, Fatiha, Lehmann, T, Lehner, Jorg, Lehner, Sebastian, Lehrbach, Johannes, Lemmon, Roy Crawford, Lenti, Vito, Leogrande, Emilia, Leon Monzon, Ildefonso, Lesser, F, Lévai, Peter, Li, Xiaomei, Lien, Jørgen André, Lietava, Roman, Lim, Bong-Hwi, Lindal, Svein, Lindenstruth, Volker, Lindsay, Scott William, Lippmann, Christian, Lisa, Michael A., Litichevskyi, Vladyslav, Llope, William, Lodato, Davide Francesco, Lohner, Daniel, Lønne, Per-Ivar, Loginov, Vitaly, Loizides, Constantinos, Lončar, Petra, Lopez, Xavier Bernard, López Torres, Ernesto, Lowe, Andrew John, Lu, XianGuo, Ludolphs, W, Lüttig, Philipp, Luhder, Jens Robert, Lunardon, Marcello, Luparello, Grazia, Lupi, Matteo, Lutz, Tyler Harrison, Maevskaya, Alla, Mager, Magnus, Magureanu, C, Mahajan, Sanjay, Mahmoud, Tariq, Mahmood, Sohail Musa, Maire, Antonin, Majka, Richard Daniel, Malaev, Mikhail, Malinina, Liudmila, Mal’Kevich, Dmitry, Malzacher, Peter, Mamonov, Alexander, Manko, Vladislav, Manso, Franck, Manzari, Vito, Mao, Yaxian, Marchisone, Massimiliano, Mareš, Jiří, Margagliotti, Giacomo Vito, Margotti, Anselmo, Margutti, Jacopo, Marin, Ana Maria, Markert, Christina, Marquard, Marco, Martin, Nicole Alice, Martinengo, Paolo, Lucio Martinez, Jose Antonio, Martínez Hernández, Mario Iván, García Martínez, Ginés, Martinez Pedreira, Miguel, Masciocchi, Silvia, Masera, Massimo, Masoni, Alberto, Masson, Erwann, Mastroserio, Annalisa, Mathis, Andreas Michael, Matyja, Adam Tomasz, Mayer, Christoph, Mazer, Joel Anthony, Mazzilli, Marianna, Mazzoni, Alessandra Maria, Meddi, Franco, Melikyan, Yuri, Menchaca-rocha, Arturo Alejandro, Meninno, Elisa, Mercado Pérez, Jorge, Meres, Michal, Mhlanga, Sibaliso, Miake, Yasuo, Mieskolainen, Matti Mikael, Mihaylov, Dimitar Lubomirov, Mikhaylov, Konstantin, Milošević, Jovan, Mischke, André, Mishra, Aditya Nath, Miśkowiec, Dariusz Czesław, Mitra, Jubin, Mitu, Ciprian Mihai, Mohammadi, Naghmeh, Mohanty, Bedangadas, Khan, Mohammed Mohisin, Godoy, Denise Aparecida Moreira de, Perez Moreno, Luis Alberto, Moretto, Sandra, Morino, Yuhei, Morreale, Astrid, Morsch, Andreas, Muccifora, Valeria, Mudnic, Eugen, Muhlheim, Daniel, Muhuri, Sanjib, Mukherjee, Maitreyee, Mulligan, James Declan, Gameiro Munhoz, Marcelo, Munning, Konstantin, Munzer, Robert Helmut, Murakami, Hikari, Murray, Sean, Musa, Luciano, Musinsky, Jan, Myers, Corey James, Myrcha, Julian Wojciech, Mycke, Jan Felix, Nag, Dipanjan, Naik, Bharati, Nair, Rahul Ramachandran, Nandi, Basanta Kumar, Nania, Rosario, Nappi, Eugenio, Narayan, Amrendra, Naru, Muhammad Umair, Luz, Pedro Hugo Ferreira Natal da, Nattrass, Christine, Rosado Navarro, Sebastian, Nayak, Kishora, Nayak, Ranjit, Nayak, Tapan Kumar, Nazarenko, Sergey, Nedosekin, Alexander, Oliveira, Renato Aparecido Negrao de, Neher, Michael, Nellen, Lukas, Nesbo, Simon Voigt, Ng, Fabian, Nicassio, Maria, Niculescu, Mihai, Niedziela, Jeremi, Nielsen, Borge Svane, Nikolaev, Sergey, Nikulin, Sergey, Nikulin, Vladimir, Noferini, Francesco, Nomokonov, Petr V., Nooren, Gerardus, Cabanillas Noris, Juan Carlos, Norman, Jaime, Nyanin, Alexander, Nystrand, Joakim Ingemar, Oeschler, Helmut, Oh, Saehanseul, Ohlson, Alice, Okubo, Tsubasa, Oláh, László, Oleniacz, Janusz, Silva, Antonio Carlos Oliveira da, Oliver, Michael Henry, Onderwaater, Jacobus, Oppedisano, Chiara, Orava, Risto, Oravec, Matej, Ortiz Velasquez, Antonio, Oskarsson, Anders Nils Erik, Otwinowski, Jacek Tomasz, Oyama, Ken, Pachmayer, Yvonne C., Pacik, Vojtech, Pagano, Davide, Pagano, Paola, Paic, Guy, Panebratsev, Yu, Palni, Prabhakar, Pan, Jinjin, Pandey, Ashutosh Kumar, Panebianco, Stefano Matthias, Papikyan, Vardanush, Pappalardo, Giuseppe Salvatore, Pareek, Pooja, Park, Jonghan, Park, WooJin, Parmar, Sonia, Passfeld, Annika, Pathak, Surya Prakash, Patra, Rajendra Nath, Paul, Biswarup, Pei, Hua, Peitzmann, Thomas, Peng, Xinye, Pereira, Luis Gustavo, Pereira da Costa, Hugo Denis Antonio, Peresunko, Dmitry Yurevich, Pérez Lezama, Edgar, Peskov, Vladimir, Pestov, Yury N., Petráček, Vojtech, Petris, M, Petrov, Viacheslav, Petrovici, Mihai A., Petta, Catia, Pezzi, Rafael Peretti, Piano, Stefano, Pikna, Miroslav, Pillot, Philippe, Ozelin de Lima Pimentel, Laís, Pinazza, Ombretta, Pinsky, Lawrence, Pitz, Nora, Piyarathna, Danthasinghe, Płoskoń, Mateusz, Planinic, Mirko, Pliquett, Fabian, Pluta, Jan Marian, Pochybova, Sona, Podesta Lerma, Pedro Luis Manuel, Poghosyan, Martin G., Polishchuk, Boris, Poljak, Nikola, Poonsawat, Wanchaloem, Pop, Amalia, Poppenborg, Hendrik, Porteboeuf, Sarah Julie, Pozdniakov, Valeriy, Prasad, Sidharth Kumar, Preghenella, Roberto, Prino, Francesco, Pruneau, Claude A., Pshenichnov, Igor A., Puccio, Maximiliano, Puddu, Giovanna, Pujahari, Prabhat Ranjan, Punin, Valery, Putschke, Jörn H., Radomski, Sylwester, Rachevski, Alexandre, Raha, Sibaji, Rajput, Sonia, Rak, Jan, Rakotozafindrabe, Andry Malala, Ramello, Luciano, Rami, Fouad, Rana, Dhan Bahadur, Raniwala, Rashmi, Raniwala, Sudhir, Räsänen, Sami Sakari, Rascanu, Bogdan Theodor, Rathee, Deepika, Ratza, Viktor, Ravasenga, Ivan, Read, Kenneth Francis, Redlich, Krzysztof, Rehman, Attiq ur, Reichelt, Patrick, Reidt, Felix, Reischl, A, Ren, Xiaowen, Renfordt, Rainer Arno Ernst, Reolon, Anna Rita, Reshetin, Andrey, Reygers, Klaus, Riabov, Viktor, Ricci, Renato Angelo, Richert, Tuva Ora Herenui, Richter, Matthias Rudolph, Riedler, Petra, Riegler, Werner, Riggi, Francesco, Ristea, Cătălin-Lucian, Rodrı́guez Cahuantzi, Mario, Røed, Ketil, Rogochaya, Elena, Rohr, David, Röhrich, Dieter, Rokita, Przemyslaw Stefan, Ronchetti, Federico, Dominguez Rosas, Edgar, Rosnet, Philippe, Rossi, Andrea, Rotondi, Alberto, Roukoutakis, Filimon, Roy, Ankhi, Roy, Christelle Sophie, Roy, Pradip Kumar, Vazquez Rueda, Omar, Rui, Rinaldo, Rumyantsev, Boris, Rusanov, Ivan, Rustamov, Anar, Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej, Saarinen, Sampo, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Šafařík, Karel, Saha, Sumit Kumar, SahlmÜller, Baldo, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Pragati, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Sakai, Shingo, Sakata, Dousatsu, Saleh, Mohammad Ahmad, Salzwedel, Jai, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Samsonov, Vladimir, Sandoval, Andres, Sann, Hans, Sano, Masato, Santo, Rainer, Sarkar, Debojit, Sarkar, Nachiketa, Sarma, Pranjal, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Scapparone, Eugenio, Scarlassara, Fernando, Schaefer, Brennan, Scharenberg, Rolf Paul, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmiederer, Stefan, Schneider, R, Schukraft, Jürgen, Schulze, R, Schutz, Yves Roland, Schwarz, Kilian Eberhard, Schweda, Kai Oliver, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Scott, Rebecca Michelle, Sedykh, S, Šefčík, Michal, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senosi, Kgotlaesele, Senyukov, Serhiy, Serradilla Rodriguez, Eulogio, Sett, Priyanka, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shabanov, Arseniy, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shaikh, Wadut, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Ankita, Sharma, Mona, Sharma, Monika, Sharma, Natasha, Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal, Shigaki, Kenta, Shimansky, S, Shou, Qiye, Shtejer Diaz, Katherin, Shukla, P, Sibiryak, Yury, Sicking, Eva, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Sielewicz, Krzysztof Marek, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silaeva, Svetlana, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Silvestre, Catherine Micaela, Simatovic, Goran, Simon, Reinhard S, Simonetti, Giuseppe, Singaraju, Rama Narayana, Singh, Ranbir, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Smykov, L, Snellings, Raimond, Snellman, Tomas Wilhelm, Solveit, Hans Kristian, Sommer, Wolfgang, Song, Jihye, Song, Myunggeun, Soramel, Francesca, Sorensen, Soren Pontoppidan, Sozzi, Federica, Spiriti, Eleuterio, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Stankus, Paul William, Stelzer, Herbert, Stenlund, Evert Anders, Stiller, Johannes, Stocco, Diego, Stockmeyer, M.R., Storetvedt, Maksim Melnik, Strmen, Peter, Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo, Sugitate, Toru, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Suleymanov, Mais Kazim Oglu, Šuljić, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Šumbera, Michal, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Suzuki, Ken, Swain, Sagarika, Szabo, Alexander, Szarka, Imrich, Tabassam, Uzma, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tanaka, Naoto, Tarhini, Mohamad, Tariq, Mohammad, Tarzila, Madalina-Gabriela, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Muñoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terasaki, Kohei, Terrevoli, Cristina, Teyssier, Boris, Thakur, Dhananjaya, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Thoresen, Freja, Tieulent, Raphael Noel, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Tilsner, Heinz, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Toia, Alberica, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Tripathy, Sushanta, Trogolo, Stefano, Trombetta, Giuseppe, Tropp, Lukas, Trubnikov, Victor, Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk, Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina, Tsiledakis, Georgios, Tsuji, Tomoya, Tumkin, Alexandr, Turrisi, Rosario, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Ullaland, Kjetil, Umaka, Ejiro Naomi, Uras, Antonio, Usai, Gianluca, Utrobicic, Antonija, Vala, Martin, Maarel, Jasper van der, Hoorne, Jacobus Willem van, Leeuwen, Marco van, Vanat, Tomas, Vargas, H, Vyvre, Pierre vande, Varga, Dezsö, Vargas Treviño, Maria Aurora Diozcora, Vargyas, Márton, Varma, Raghava, Vasileiou, Maria, Vasiliev, Andrey, Vauthier, Astrid, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Vechernin, Vladimir, Veen, Annelies Marianne, Velure, Arild, Vercellin, Ermanno, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Vernet, Renaud, Vértesi, Róbert, Vicković, Linda, Vigolo, Sonia, Viinikainen, Jussi Samuli, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Villatoro Tello, Abraham, Vinogradov, Alexander, Vinogradov, Leonid, Virgili, Tiziano, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergei, Volpe, Giacomo, Haller, Barthélémy von, Vorobyev, Ivan, Voscek, Dominik, Vranić, Danilo, Vrlakova, Janka, Vulpescu, Bogdan, Wagner, Boris, Wang, Hongkai, Wang, Mengliang, Wang, Yifei, Watanabe, Daisuke, Watanabe, Kengo, Watanabe, Yosuke, Weber, Michael, Weber, Steffen Georg, Wegerle, Dominik, Weiser, Dennis, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes P., Westerhoff, Uwe, Whitehead, Andile Mothegi, Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Alexander, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Williams, M. 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Klingenmeyer, Hannah, Klewin, Sebastian, Kluge, Alexander, Knichel, Michael Linus, Knospe, Anders Garritt, Kobdaj, Chinorat, Varga-Kofarago, Monika, Kohn, Martin, Kollegger, Thorsten, Kondratev, Valerii, Kondratyeva, Natalia, Kondratyuk, Evgeny, Konevskikh, Artem, Konno, Masahiro, Konyushikhin, Maxim A., Kopcik, Michal, Kour, Mandeep, Kouzinopoulos, Charalampos, Kovalenko, Oleksandr, Kovalenko, Vladimir, Kowalski, Marek, Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, Greeshma, Králik, Ivan, Kramer, Frederick, Kravčáková, Adela, Krawutschke, Tobias, Kreis, Lukas, Krivda, Marian, Krizek, Filip, Krumbhorn, Dirk, Kryshen, Evgeny, Krzewicki, Mikolaj, Kubera, Andrew Michael, Kucera, Vit, Kuhn, Christian Claude, Kuijer, Paulus Gerardus, Kumar, Ajay, Kumar, Jitendra, Kumar, Lokesh, Kumar, Shyam, Kundu, Sourav, Kurashvili, Podist, Kurepin, Alexander, Kurepin, Alexey B., Kuryakin, Alexey, Kushpil, Svetlana, Kweon, Min Jung, Kwon, Youngil, La Pointe, Sarah Louise, La Rocca, Paola, Lagana Fernandes, Caio, Lai, Yue 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Ryabinkin, Evgeny, Ryabov, Yury, Rybicki, Andrzej, Saarinen, Sampo, Sadhu, Samrangy, Sadovskiy, Sergey, Šafařík, Karel, Saha, Sumit Kumar, SahlmÜller, Baldo, Sahoo, Baidyanath, Sahoo, Pragati, Sahoo, Raghunath, Sahoo, Sarita, Sahu, Pradip Kumar, Saini, Jogender, Sakai, Shingo, Sakata, Dousatsu, Saleh, Mohammad Ahmad, Salzwedel, Jai, Sambyal, Sanjeev Singh, Samsonov, Vladimir, Sandoval, Andres, Sann, Hans, Sano, Masato, Santo, Rainer, Sarkar, Debojit, Sarkar, Nachiketa, Sarma, Pranjal, Sas, Mike Henry Petrus, Scapparone, Eugenio, Scarlassara, Fernando, Schaefer, Brennan, Scharenberg, Rolf Paul, Scheid, Horst Sebastian, Schiaua, Claudiu Cornel, Schicker, Rainer, Schmidt, Christian Joachim, Schmidt, Hans Rudolf, Schmidt, Marten Ole, Schmidt, Martin, Schmidt, Nicolas, Schmiederer, Stefan, Schneider, R, Schukraft, Jürgen, Schulze, R, Schutz, Yves Roland, Schwarz, Kilian Eberhard, Schweda, Kai Oliver, Scioli, Gilda, Scomparin, Enrico, Scott, Rebecca Michelle, Sedykh, S, Šefčík, Michal, Seger, Janet Elizabeth, Sekiguchi, Yuko, Sekihata, Daiki, Selyuzhenkov, Ilya, Senosi, Kgotlaesele, Senyukov, Serhiy, Serradilla Rodriguez, Eulogio, Sett, Priyanka, Sevcenco, Adrian, Shabanov, Arseniy, Shabetai, Alexandre, Shahoyan, Ruben, Shaikh, Wadut, Shangaraev, Artem, Sharma, Anjali, Sharma, Ankita, Sharma, Mona, Sharma, Monika, Sharma, Natasha, Sheikh, Ashik Ikbal, Shigaki, Kenta, Shimansky, S, Shou, Qiye, Shtejer Diaz, Katherin, Shukla, P, Sibiryak, Yury, Sicking, Eva, Siddhanta, Sabyasachi, Sielewicz, Krzysztof Marek, Siemiarczuk, Teodor, Silaeva, Svetlana, Silvermyr, David Olle Rickard, Silvestre, Catherine Micaela, Simatovic, Goran, Simon, Reinhard S, Simonetti, Giuseppe, Singaraju, Rama Narayana, Singh, Ranbir, Singhal, Vikas, Sarkar - Sinha, Tinku, Sitar, Branislav, Sitta, Mario, Skaali, Toralf Bernhard, Slupecki, Maciej, Smirnov, Nikolai, Smykov, L, Snellings, Raimond, Snellman, Tomas Wilhelm, Solveit, Hans Kristian, Sommer, Wolfgang, Song, Jihye, Song, Myunggeun, Soramel, Francesca, Sorensen, Soren Pontoppidan, Sozzi, Federica, Spiriti, Eleuterio, Sputowska, Iwona Anna, Srivastava, Brijesh Kumar, Stachel, Johanna, Stan, Ionel, Stankus, Paul William, Stelzer, Herbert, Stenlund, Evert Anders, Stiller, Johannes, Stocco, Diego, Stockmeyer, M.R., Storetvedt, Maksim Melnik, Strmen, Peter, Suaide, Alexandre Alarcon do Passo, Sugitate, Toru, Suire, Christophe Pierre, Suleymanov, Mais Kazim Oglu, Šuljić, Miljenko, Sultanov, Rishat, Šumbera, Michal, Sumowidagdo, Suharyo, Suzuki, Ken, Swain, Sagarika, Szabo, Alexander, Szarka, Imrich, Tabassam, Uzma, Takahashi, Jun, Tambave, Ganesh Jagannath, Tanaka, Naoto, Tarhini, Mohamad, Tariq, Mohammad, Tarzila, Madalina-Gabriela, Tauro, Arturo, Tejeda Muñoz, Guillermo, Telesca, Adriana, Terasaki, Kohei, Terrevoli, Cristina, Teyssier, Boris, Thakur, Dhananjaya, Thakur, Sanchari, Thomas, Deepa, Thoresen, Freja, Tieulent, Raphael Noel, Tikhonov, Anatoly, Tilsner, Heinz, Timmins, Anthony Robert, Toia, Alberica, Rojas Torres, Solangel, Tripathy, Sushanta, Trogolo, Stefano, Trombetta, Giuseppe, Tropp, Lukas, Trubnikov, Victor, Trzaska, Wladyslaw Henryk, Trzeciak, Barbara Antonina, Tsiledakis, Georgios, Tsuji, Tomoya, Tumkin, Alexandr, Turrisi, Rosario, Tveter, Trine Spedstad, Ullaland, Kjetil, Umaka, Ejiro Naomi, Uras, Antonio, Usai, Gianluca, Utrobicic, Antonija, Vala, Martin, Maarel, Jasper van der, Hoorne, Jacobus Willem van, Leeuwen, Marco van, Vanat, Tomas, Vargas, H, Vyvre, Pierre vande, Varga, Dezsö, Vargas Treviño, Maria Aurora Diozcora, Vargyas, Márton, Varma, Raghava, Vasileiou, Maria, Vasiliev, Andrey, Vauthier, Astrid, Vazquez Doce, Oton, Vechernin, Vladimir, Veen, Annelies Marianne, Velure, Arild, Vercellin, Ermanno, Vergara Limon, Sergio, Vernet, Renaud, Vértesi, Róbert, Vicković, Linda, Vigolo, Sonia, Viinikainen, Jussi Samuli, Vilakazi, Zabulon, Villalobos Baillie, Orlando, Villatoro Tello, Abraham, Vinogradov, Alexander, Vinogradov, Leonid, Virgili, Tiziano, Vislavicius, Vytautas, Vodopyanov, Alexander, Volkl, Martin Andreas, Voloshin, Kirill, Voloshin, Sergei, Volpe, Giacomo, Haller, Barthélémy von, Vorobyev, Ivan, Voscek, Dominik, Vranić, Danilo, Vrlakova, Janka, Vulpescu, Bogdan, Wagner, Boris, Wang, Hongkai, Wang, Mengliang, Wang, Yifei, Watanabe, Daisuke, Watanabe, Kengo, Watanabe, Yosuke, Weber, Michael, Weber, Steffen Georg, Wegerle, Dominik, Weiser, Dennis, Wenzel, Sandro Christian, Wessels, Johannes P., Westerhoff, Uwe, Whitehead, Andile Mothegi, Wiechula, Jens, Wikne, Jon, Wilk, Alexander, Wilk, Grzegorz Andrzej, Wilkinson, Jeremy John, Willems, Guido Alexander, Williams, M. Crispin S., Willsher, Emily, Windelband, Bernd Stefan, Winn, Michael, Witt, William Edward, Xu, C, Yalcin, Serpil, Yamakawa, Kosei, Yang, Ping, Yano, Satoshi, Yin, Zhongbao, Yokoyama, Hiroki, Yoo, In-kwon, Yoon, Jin Hee, Yurchenko, Volodymyr, Yurevich, Vladimir, Zaccolo, Valentina, Zaman, Ali, Zampolli, Chiara, Correia Zanoli, Henrique Jose, Zanevski, Yuri, Zardoshti, Nima, Zarochentsev, Andrey, Závada, Petr, Zavyalov, Nikolay, Zbroszczyk, Hanna Paulina, Zhalov, Mikhail, Zhang, Haitao, Zhang, Xiaoming, Zhang, Yonghong, Chunhui, Zhang, Zhang, Zuman, Zhao, Chengxin, Zhigareva, Natalia, Zhou, Daicui, Zhou, You, Zhou, Zhuo, Zhu, Hongsheng, Zhu, Jianhui, Zichichi, Antonino, Zimmer, Stefan, Zimmermann, Alice, Zimmermann, Markus, Zinovjev, Gennady M., Zmeskal, Johann, and Zou, Shuguang

Abstract

The Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) was designed and built to enhance the capabilities of the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). While aimed at providing electron identification and triggering, the TRD also contributes significantly to the track reconstruction and calibration in the central barrel of ALICE. In this paper the design, construction, operation, and performance of this detector are discussed. A pion rejection factor of up to 410 is achieved at a momentum of 1 GeV/c in p-Pb collisions and the resolution at high transverse momentum improves by about 40% when including the TRD information in track reconstruction. The triggering capability is demonstrated both for jet, light nuclei, and electron selection.

Published
2017

36. Governance of ecosystem services on small islands : Three contrasting cases for St. Eustatius in the Dutch Caribbean

Author

Nico Polman, Reinhard, S., Bets, L. K. J., and Kuhlman, T.

Subjects
Caribbean, Self-organization, Governance, Milieubeleid, Sociology and Political Science, Geography, Planning and Development, WASS, Environment, Environmental Policy, Small island, Groene Economie en Ruimte, Political Science and International Relations, Ecosystem services, lcsh:GB3-5030, lcsh:Physical geography, Green Economy and Landuse
Abstract

Natural ecosystems provide an attractive focus for tourism on small islands. However, at the same time tourism and other human actions can be detrimental to these ecosystems especially because governance of the ecosystem may be difficult due to the limited resilience of small island ecosystems. In this paper, we focus on the conditions under which self-governance will be the appropriate governance mechanism of ecosystem services on small islands. We apply Ostrom’s (2009) framework for common-pool resources in a socialecological system, and select the relevant indicators for small islands. We scored these indicators for three cases (environmental issues) in St. Eustatius, a Caribbean island under Dutch rule. These cases show that self-organization of ecosystem services is not an outcome easily achieved. The unevenly distributed benefits of potential measures are found to decrease community support of measures that could reinforce these ecosystem services.

Published
2016

38. The fast neutron component in treatment irradiations with 12C beam

Author

Konstanze Gunzert-Marx, Reinhard S. Simon, and Dieter Schardt

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Materials science, Neutron emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, Neutron stimulated emission computed tomography, Heavy Ion Radiotherapy, Radiotherapy Dosage, Hematology, Carbon, Neutron temperature, Fast Neutrons, Nuclear physics, Oncology, Neutron probe, Neoplasms, Neutron cross section, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Neutron activation
Abstract

Using 12 C beams of 200 AMeV kinetic energy the production of secondary fragments from nuclear reactions in a thick water absorber (12.78 cm) was investigated. Fast neutrons and energetic charged particles (p-, d-, t-, α-particles) emitted in the forward hemisphere were identified by a BaF 2 /plastic-scintillation detector telescope. Neutron energy spectra were recorded at various angles using time-of-flight techniques. The neutron emission is forward peaked and the energy spectrum shows a broad maximum about half the energy per nucleon of the primary 12 C ions. The total yield of fast neutrons emitted into the forward hemisphere integrated over the energy range of 25 to 500 MeV was found to be 0.43±0.1 per primary ion. The dose contribution of fast neutrons in patient treatments with carbon ions is estimated to be less than 1% of the total treatment dose.

Published
2004

39. Fast neutrons produced by nuclear fragmentation in treatment irradiations with 12C beam

Author

Dieter Schardt, Reinhard S. Simon, and Konstanze Gunzert-Marx

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Scintillator, Risk Assessment, Sensitivity and Specificity, Spectral line, Ion, Fast Neutrons, Nuclear physics, Radiation Protection, Fragmentation (mass spectrometry), Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neutron, Radiometry, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Radiation, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Radiotherapy Dosage, Neutron Capture Therapy, General Medicine, Carbon, Neutron temperature, Charged particle, Tumour therapy, Body Burden, Atomic physics, Relative Biological Effectiveness
Abstract

In the framework of the heavy-ion tumour therapy project at GSI we investigated the nuclear fragmentation of 200 AMeV carbon ions stopping in a 12.78-cm thick water absorber. Fast neutrons and charged particles emerging from the target were registered at forward angles between 0 degrees and 30 degrees with a DeltaE-E-telescope consisting of an NE102 and a BaF2 scintillator. We obtained neutron energy spectra and angular distributions and derived the neutron yield in the energy range from 10 to 500 MeV in the forward hemisphere. In addition, we performed fragmentation measurements in actual patient treatment irradiations. The resulting angular distributions of neutrons and charged particles as well as their yields are similar to those obtained with the water absorber.

Published
2004

40. Session XIX: Progress in the Treatment of Thoracic and Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms: Update on Thoracic Endograft

Author

Reinhard S. Pamler, Edward B. Diethrich, Michael D Dake, Peter R. Taylor, K. Burkhart Zipfel, Michael Jacobs, Dietmar H. Koschyk, Hazim J. Safi, Roy K. Greenberg, Krassi Ivancev, Ludger Sunder-Plassmann, Michel S. Makaroun, Jens R. Allenberg, Mark A. Farber, Jean-Pierre Becquemin, Patrice F Bergeron, Frank J. Veith, Juan C. Parodi, Blair A. Keagy, Kenneth Ouriel, and Richard P. Cambria

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, General surgery, medicine, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Surgery, General Medicine, Session (computer science), Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business
Published
2004

42. Time-resolved photoluminescence of Ga(NAsP) multiple quantum wells grown on Si substrate: Effects of rapid thermal annealing

Author

Woscholski, R., primary, Shakfa, M.K., additional, Gies, S., additional, Wiemer, M., additional, Rahimi-Iman, A., additional, Zimprich, M., additional, Reinhard, S., additional, Jandieri, K., additional, Baranovskii, S.D., additional, Heimbrodt, W., additional, Volz, K., additional, Stolz, W., additional, and Koch, M., additional

Published
2016
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46. EVALUASI AKUNTANSI PERSEDIAAN PADA PT. SUKSES ERA NIAGA MANADO

Author

Sambuaga, Reinhard S. and Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis

Abstract

Persediaan dagang adalah aktiva yang tersedia untuk dijual dalam kegiatan usaha normal perusahaan dagang. Permasalahan utama dalam akuntansi persediaan adalah pencatatan dan penilaian persediaan. Hal inilah yang mendorong penulis untuk meneliti apakah penerapan akuntansi persediaan pada PT. Sukses Era Niaga Manado telah sesuai dengan PSAK No. 14 mengenai persediaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif, yaitu mengumpulkan data dan mengolah data. Penelitian ini menggunakan data tahun 2011. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer dan sekunder. PT. Sukses Era Niaga Manado adalah perusahaan dagang dan sebagai salah satu perusahaan distributor berbagai jenis handphone, flashdisk, harddisk dan aksesoris komputer yang dipasarkan di kota Manado. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa PSAK No. 14 telah diterapkan dengan baik, meliputi pencatatan dan penilaian persediaan yang telah sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip akuntansi. Kata kunci: akuntansi persediaan, metode pencatatan dan penilaian.

Published
2013

47. The immunological and virological consequences of planned treatment interruptions in children with HIV infection

Author

Klein, Nigel, Sefe, Delali, Mosconi, Ilaria, Zanchetta, Marisa, Castro, Hannah, Jacobsen, Marianne, Jones, Hannah, Bernardi, Stefania, Pillay, Deenan, Giaquinto, Carlo, Walker, A. Sarah, Gibb, Diana M., De Rossi, Anita, Paediatric, European Network for Treatment of AIDS 11 Trial Team including Aboulker JP, Ananworanich, J, Babiker, A, Belfrage, E, Bernardi, S, Blanche, S, Bohlin, Ab, Bologna, R, Burger, Dm, Butler, K, Castelli Gattinara, G, Castro, H, Clayden, P, Compagnucci, A, Darbyshire, Jh, Debré, M, Faye, A, de Groot, R, della Negra, M, Duiculescu, D, Giaquinto, C, Gibb, Dm, Grosch Wörner, I, Hainault, M, Harper, L, Klein, N, Lallemant, M, Levy, J, Lyall, H, Marczynska, M, Mardarescu, M, Mellado Peña, Mj, Nadal, D, Niehues, T, Peckham, C, Pillay, D, Ramos Amador, Jt, Rosado, L, Rosso, R, Rudin, C, Saidi, Y, Scherpbier, Hj, Sharland, M, Stevanovic, M, Thorne, C, Tovo, Pier Angelo, Tudor Williams, G, Valerius, N, Walker, As, Welch, S, Wintergerst, U, Aboulker, Jp, Mofenson, L, Moye, J, Saïdi, Y, Cressey, Tr, Jacqz Aigrain, E, Khoo, S, Tréluyer, Jm, De Rossi, A, Ngo Giang Huong, N, Muñoz Fernandez, Ma, Hill, C, Lepage, P, Pozniak, A, Vella, S, Hadjou, G, Léonardo, S, Riault, Y, Buck, L, Farrelly, L, Forcat, S, Harrison, L, Horton, J, Johnson, D, Moore, S, Taylor, C, Chalermpantmetagul, S, Peongjakta, R, Chailert, S, Fregonese, F, Jourdain, G, Butler, D, Carlton, C, Collins, D, Kao, G, Van Buskirk, S, Watson, S, Corradini, S, Floret, D, Le Thi, Tt, Monpoux, F, Cottalorda, J, Lefebvre, Jc, Mellul, S, Boudjoudi, N, Firtion, G, Denon, M, Picard, F, Beniken, D, Damond, F, Alexandre, G, Tricoire, J, Nicot, F, Krivine, A, Rivaux, D, Chaix, Ml, Notheis, G, Strotmann, G, Schlieben, S, Rampon, O, Zanchetta, M, Ginocchio, F, Viscoli, C, Martino, A, Pontrelli, G, Concato, C, Mazza, A, Rossetti, G, Dobosz, S, Oldakowska, A, Popielska, J, Kaflik, M, Stanczak, J, Stanczack, G, Dyda, T, González Tomé, Mi, Delgado García, R, Fernandez Gonzalez, Mt, Martín Fontelos, P, Piñeiro Pérez, R, Penin, M, Garcia Mellado, I, Medina, Af, Ascencion, B, Garcia Bermejo, I, Garcia Vela, Ja, Martin Rubio, I, Gurbindo, D, Navarro Gomez, Ml, Jimenez, Jl, Garcia Torre, A, José Gómez, Mi, García Rodriguez, Mc, Moreno Pérez, D, Núñez Cuadros, E, Asensi Botet, F, Pérez, A, Pérez Tamarit, Md, Gobernado Serrano, M, Gonzales Molina, A, Kalhert, C, Dobrovoljac, M, Berger, C, Nobile, G, Reinhard, S, Schupbach, J, Bunupuradah, T, Puthanakit, T, Pancharoen, C, Butterworth, O, Phasomsap, C, Jupimai, T, Ubolyam, S, Phanuphak, P, Mai, C, Kanjanavanit, S, Namwong, T, Chutima, D, Raksasang, M, Foster, C, Hamadache, D, Campbell, S, Newbould, C, Monrose, C, Patel, D, Kaye, S, Seery, P, Wildfire, A, Novelli, V, Shingadia, D, Moshal, K, Flynn, J, Clapson, M, Allen, A, Spencer, L, Depala, M, Jacobsen, M, Mcmaster, P, Phipps, M, Orendi, J, Farmer, C, Liebeschuetz, S, Sodeinde, O, Wong, S, Heath, Y, Scott, S, Gandhi, K, Lewis, P, Daglish, J, Weiner, L, Famiglietti, M, Rana, S, Yu, P, Roa, J, Puga, A, Haerry, A, and Inma, A.

Subjects
CD31, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Time Factors, T-CELL RECONSTITUTION, ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION, T-CELL RECONSTITUTION, HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN, IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION, THYMIC OUTPUT, 1-INFECTED CHILDREN, Adolescent, Anti-Retroviral Agents, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Child, Child, Preschool, Drug Administration Schedule, HIV Infections, Humans, Immunophenotyping, Lymphocyte Count, Treatment Outcome, Viral Load, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Medicine (all), Biochemistry, law.invention, IMMUNE RECONSTITUTION, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, 030212 general & internal medicine, HIV-1-INFECTED CHILDREN, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, 3. Good health, Medicine, Off Treatment, Poverty-related infectious diseases Infectious diseases and international health [N4i 3], THYMIC OUTPUT, Viral load, Research Article, Science, 1-INFECTED CHILDREN, Auto-immunity, transplantation and immunotherapy [N4i 4], 03 medical and health sciences, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), medicine, Preschool, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Immunology, STRUCTURED TREATMENT INTERRUPTION, business, CD8
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 126098.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the immunological and viral consequences of planned treatment interruptions (PTI) in children with HIV. DESIGN: This was an immunological and virological sub-study of the Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) 11 trial, which compared CD4-guided PTI of antiretroviral therapy (ART) with continuous therapy (CT) in children. METHODS: HIV-1 RNA and lymphocyte subsets, including CD4 and CD8 cells, were quantified on fresh samples collected during the study; CD45RA, CD45RO and CD31 subpopulations were evaluated in some centres. For 36 (18 PTI, 18 CT) children, immunophenotyping was performed and cell-associated HIV-1 DNA analysed on stored samples to 48 weeks. RESULTS: In the PTI group, CD4 cell count fell rapidly in the first 12 weeks off ART, with decreases in both naive and memory cells. However, the proportion of CD4 cells expressing CD45RA and CD45RO remained constant in both groups. The increase in CD8 cells in the first 12 weeks off ART in the PTI group was predominantly due to increases in RO-expressing cells. PTI was associated with a rapid and sustained increase in CD4 cells expressing Ki67 and HLA-DR, and increased levels of HIV-1 DNA. CONCLUSIONS: PTI in children is associated with rapid changes in CD4 and CD8 cells, likely due to increased cell turnover and immune activation. However, children off treatment may be able to maintain stable levels of naive CD4 cells, at least in proportion to the memory cell pool, which may in part explain the observed excellent CD4 cell recovery with re-introduction of ART.

Published
2013

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