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This study verified the in vitro activity of red cabbage and beetroot against the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their relationship with the biomolecules' content. Fermentation of cabbage increased the total phenolic (~10%) and flavonoid contents (~14%), whereas decreased total phenolics/flavonoids in beetroot. Fermented cabbage exhibited higher ability against AGEs, i.e., 17% in the bovine serum albumin–methylglyoxal (BSA-MGO) model and 25% in the BSA–glucose model, while beetroot exhibited 23% and 18%, respectively. The major compounds of cabbage products were cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)(sinapoyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside, sinapic acid, and epicatechin. Syringic acid and epicatechin were predominantly present in fermented beetroot. 2,17-bidecarboxy- and 2,15,17-tridecarboxy-betanin were the major betalains. Fermented vegetables can be effective inhibitors of the AGE formation/accumulation and could be recommended in the prevention of diet-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, environmentally sound technologies for converting organic wastes into fertilizers to improve soil sustainability and crop yield have been identified and assessed. Wet wastes were combined with 50% wood sawdust and 50% wet wastes (Compost 1) or (10% Straw + 90% wet wastes) (Compost 2) to produce soil improvers with a balanced level of nutrients, and their effectiveness on soil ecosystem functioning have been tested and compared to horse manure (HM) and nitrogen–phosphorous–potassium (NPK) fertilizers. Unfertilized soil was used as a control. Soil chemical and biological properties have been detected after the harvesting of broccoli and red cabbage (90 days from the initial treatments). Three independent experiments have been conducted in an open field in a randomized complete block design with three replications (n = 9). The results showed that Compost 1 had the highest C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity (CEC), indicating a better humification of the wet material. Compost 1, even if it contained a minor amount of organic carbon, as well as less activity of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase (DHA) than Compost 2, was the most effective in improving soil quality, significantly increasing the labile fraction of organic matter, the oxidative enzyme (DHA), microbial biomass, and crop yield. Both composts increased crop productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to describe the effect of convective drying (CD), vacuum drying (VD), infrared drying (IRD), low-temperature vacuum drying (LTVD) and freeze drying (FD) on bio-compound retention of red cabbage and its beneficial health properties. The total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanin (TAC) and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined by spectrophotometry. The profiles of phenolic acids, amino acids and fatty acids were determined by HPLC-UV-DAD, LC-DAD and GC-FID, respectively. Antioxidant potential was verified by DPPH and ORAC assays. The antiproliferative activity was measured in the human gastric cell line (AGS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and arachidonic acid models. VD showed high values of TPC = 11.89 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g d.m.; TFC = 11.30 ± 0.9 mg QE/g d.m.; TAC = 0.265 ± 0.01 mg Cya3glu/g d.m.; and TGC = 51.15 ± 3.31 µmol SE/g d.m. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were identified. The predominant amino acid and fatty acid were glutamic acid and γ–linolenic acid, respectively. The antioxidant potential was dependent on drying methods for both DPPH and ORAC assays. Dried red cabbage extracts showed clear anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity. The dehydration process is an alternative for the retention of bio-compounds and health-promoting properties of red cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercritical carbondioxide extraction has been an advanced system as the regulation of extraction parameters enables the control of the solvating power, resulting in a more selective process. While the efficient use of natural resources is critical for sustainability goals, the discovery of feasible plant sources for medicinal purposes is a valuable research objective. In this study, supercritical carbondioxide extraction of red cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. rubra) was investigated using response surface methodology. A statistical design was used for the evaluation of the effect of extraction parameters as temperature (40, 60, 80°C), pressure (120, 160, 200 bar) and co-solvent ratio (0, 6, 12%). Spectrophotometric and UPLC-DAD, ESI-MS/MS analysis were performed to investigate total phenol, flavonoid, anthocyanin and dominant anthocyanin contents. The optimization models were determined as significant for all bioactive content analysis and enzyme inhibitory activities. 40°C, 160 bar, 12% co-solvent conditions were determined with highest total flavonoid content (47.11 mg QE/g). None of the supercritical carbondioxide extracts were able to extract red cabbage anthocyanins within the investigated parameter ranges. 60°C, 120 bar, 12% co-solvent extract showed the strongest tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 1.71 mg/ml). Cholinesterase inhibitory activity of supercritical carbon dioxide extracts was found to be comparable to that of solvent extracts considering the tested concentrations. Optimum supercritical carbondioxide extract can be considered as a potential source with tyrosinase inhibitory activity, while identification of active molecules, especially flavonoids, can be targeted in further isolation studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is a rich source of phenolic content including colour pigments and have also high antioxidant capacities. The amounts of their phenolic substances and antioxidant activities change depending on the extraction conditions (pH, time, solvent, etc.). In this work, the coloured water extract was obtained from red cabbage at different pH values (pH 4-10) for both an hour and 24 hours. The extracts were evaluated regarding total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. The results showed that the total phenolic content of red cabbage extracts in all extraction conditions ranged from 4.93±0.20 to 7.59±1.22 mg GAE/g fw. The highest total phenolic contents (7.59±1.22 mg GAE/g fw) were obtained from red cabbage at 24 h and pH=6. On the other hand, the red cabbage extracts have high DPPH (IC50 values ranged from 0.21±0.06 to 0.94±0.03 mg/mL) and ABTS (IC50 values ranged from 0.29±0.01 to 0.46±0.05 mg/mL) activities at all pH values and times. The extract obtained from red cabbage at 1 h and pH=7 exhibited the strongest DPPH activity with the IC50 values of 0.21±0.06 mg/mL, it showed the best ABTS activity with the IC50 values of 0.29±0.01 mg/mL at 1 h and pH=5 and 8. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the biochemical components in the heads of some red cabbage accessions (Russian cultivar Mikhnevskaya, Russian hybrid from Co Sedek Promethey F1, Turkish variety Mohrenkopf, hybrids from the Netherlands Zomiro F1, Pecky F1, Remala F1, Japanese hybrid Pretino F1), during cultivation in the conditions of the Leningrad region. The content of dry matter, nutritional compounds of protein and sugars, biologically active pigments anthocyanins, chlorophylls, carotenoids, phenolic acids expressed in gallic acid equivalents, as well as the level of antioxidant activity using DPPH were determined. It was found that the content of most chemical components varied greatly between accessions, especially sugars, pigments, and phenolic compounds. As a result of metabolomic profiling, nine monosaccharides (84% of the total) and two disaccharides were identified, including five sugars common to all studied accessions, the predominant of which was fructose. The content of total chlorophylls in heads of cabbage was in the range of 0.48-50.43 mg/100 g (chlorophyll a was 70%), carotenoids in the range of 0.95-15.58 mg/100 g. Carotenoids included carotenes, represented mainly by βcarotene, luteins, violaxanthins, xanthophylls. The main anthocyanin in red cabbage accessions is cyanidin. A total of 19 components of the anthocyanin profile were identified; of which there are six main components, that account for 80% of the total. 11 phenolic compounds of various nature were identified, and all studied accessions contained quinic, ferulic, and sinapic acids. Sources of valuable biochemical traits have been found for breeding on quality for healthy nutrition: the cultivar Mohrenkopf stood out for its high content of dry substances; sugars – hybrid Zomiro F1; anthocyanins – hybrid Pecky F1; phenolic compounds – Pecky F1 and Mohrenkopf; high antioxidant activity - Mikhnevskaya, Mohrenkopf and Pecky F1.

The proliferation of wireless and other telecommunications equipment brought about by technological advances in the communication industry has substantially increased the radiofrequency radiation levels in the environment. The emphasis is, therefore, placed on investigating the potential impacts of radiofrequency radiation on biota. In this work, the impact of 2850 MHz electromagnetic field radiation (EMF-r) on early development, photosynthetic pigments, and the metabolic profile of two Brassica oleracea L. cultivars (red and green cabbage) was studied. On a daily basis for seven days, seedlings were exposed to homogeneous EMF-r for one, two, and four hours, and observations were carried out at 0-h, 1-h, and 24-h following the final dose. Irrespective of the duration of harvest, exposure to EMF-r resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in both root (from 6.3 cm to 4.0 cm in red; 6.1 cm to 3.8 cm in green) and shoot lengths (from 5.3 cm to ⁓3.1 cm in red; 5.1 cm to 3.1 cm in green), as well as a decrease in biomass (from 2.9 mg to ⁓1.1 mg in red; 2.5 to 0.9 mg in green) of the seedlings when compared to control samples. Likewise, the chlorophyll (from 6.09 to ⁓4.94 mg g−1 d.wt in red; 7.37 to 6.05 mg g−1 d.wt. in green) and carotenoid (from 1.49 to 1.19 mg g−1 d.wt. in red; 1.14 to 0.51 mg g−1 d.wt. in green) contents of both cultivars decreased significantly when compared to the control. Additionally, the contents of phenolic (28.99‒45.52 mg GAE g−1 in red; 25.49‒33.76 mg GAE g−1 in green), flavonoid (21.7‒31.8 mg QE g−1 in red; 12.1‒19.0 mg QE g−1 in green), and anthocyanin (28.8‒43.6 mg per 100 g d.wt. in red; 1.1‒2.6 mg per 100 g d.wt. in green) in both red and green cabbage increased with exposure duration. EMF-r produced oxidative stress in the exposed samples of both cabbage cultivars, as demonstrated by dose-dependent increases in the total antioxidant activity (1.33‒2.58 mM AAE in red; 1.29‒2.22 mM AAE in green), DPPH activity (12.96‒78.33% in red; 9.62‒67.73% in green), H2O2 content (20.0‒77.15 nM g−1 f.wt. in red; 14.28‒64.29 nM g−1 f.wt. in green), and MDA content (0.20‒0.61 nM g−1 f.wt. in red; 0.18‒0.51 nM g−1 f.wt. in green) compared to their control counterparts. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, i.e., superoxide dismutases (3.83‒8.10 EU mg−1 protein in red; 4.19‒7.35 EU mg−1 protein in green), catalases (1.81‒7.44 EU mg−1 protein in red; 1.04‒6.24 EU mg−1 protein in green), and guaiacol peroxidases (14.37‒47.85 EU mg−1 protein in red; 12.30‒42.79 EU mg−1 protein in green), increased significantly compared to their control counterparts. The number of polyphenols in unexposed and EMF-r exposed samples of red cabbage was significantly different. The study concludes that exposure to 2850 MHz EMF-r affects the early development of cabbage seedlings, modifies their photosynthetic pigments, alters polyphenol content, and impairs their oxidative metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation was conducted at the Experimental Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, to work out the variability and genetic divergence among twenty-eight genotypes of red cabbage. Analysis of variability revealed high phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation for the trait number of non-wrapper leaves, while these were moderate for net head weight, stalk length, core length, and vitamin C content. Based on genetic divergence, the genotypes were further grouped into four clusters (I-IV), among which the maximum number of genotypes were accommodated in cluster II (13 genotypes) and least in cluster IV (2 genotypes), respectively. The maximum inter-cluster distance was found between clusters I and IV (385.17), indicating the potential for hybridization between the genotypes of these clusters to produce better hybrids or recombinants in segregating populations for future breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and can potentially prevent IBD through microbial-derived metabolites, making it a promising therapeutic avenue. Recent evidence suggests that despite an unclear underlying mechanism, red cabbage juice (RCJ) alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Thus, the study aims to unravel the molecular mechanism by which RCJ modulates the gut microbiota to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice. Using C57BL/6J mice, we evaluated RCJ's protective role in DSS-induced colitis through two cycles of 3% DSS. Mice were daily gavaged with PBS or RCJ until the endpoint, and gut microbiota composition was analyzed via shotgun metagenomics. RCJ treatment significantly improved body weight (p ≤ 0.001), survival in mice (p < 0.001) and reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores. Further, RCJ improved colonic barrier integrity by enhancing the expression of protective colonic mucins (p < 0.001) and tight junction proteins (p ≤ 0.01) in RCJ + DSS-treated mice compared to the DSS group. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed an enrichment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (p < 0.05), leading to increased Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) activation (p ≤ 0.001). This, in turn, resulted in repression of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway, causing decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our study demonstrates colitis remission in a DSS-induced mouse model, showcasing RCJ as a potential modulator for gut microbiota and metabolites, with promising implications for IBD prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red cabbage (RC), a cruciferous vegetable rich in various bioactive substances, can significantly reduce the risk factors of several non-communicable diseases, but the mechanism underlying the biological effects of RC remains unclear. Furthermore, mechanisms that operate through the regulation of gut microbiota also are not known. Given the relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and health, a diet-induced mice obesity model was used to elucidate the influence of RC on gut microbial composition and bacteria–bacteria interactions in mice. After 24 h of dietary intervention, a high-fat (HF) diet with the intake of RC led to increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios in the feces of mice. RC also reduced the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia muciniphila in mice fed a low-fat (LF) diet. After 8-weeks of dietary intervention, RC significantly changed the structure and the ecological network of the gut microbial community. Particularly, RC inhibited an HF-diet-induced increase in AF12 in mice, and this genus was positively correlated with body weight, low-density lipoprotein level, and fecal bile acid of mice. Unclassified Clostridiales, specifically increased via RC consumption, were also found to negatively correlate with hepatic free cholesterol levels in mice. Overall, our results demonstrated that RC modulating gut microbial composition and interactions are associated with the attenuation of HF-diet-induced body weight gain and altered cholesterol metabolism in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study encapsulation of ultrasound assisted red cabbage extract was carried out using four different carrier agents such as maltodextrin, gum arbic, xanthan gum, and gellan gum. Among the four hydrocolloids investigated, maltodextrin was found to have the least destructive effect on anthocyanin content (14.87 mg C3G/g dw), TPC (54.51 ± 0.09 mg GAE/g dw), TFC (19.82 Mg RE/g dw) and antioxidant activity (74.15%) upon freeze–drying. Subsequently a storage study was conducted using maltodextrin as carrier agent at 25–50 °C. The Clausius–Clapeyron equation was used to evaluate the net isosteric heat (qst) of water adsorption. The differential entropy (ΔS) and qst decreased from 82.298 to 38.628 J/mol, and 27.518 kJ/mol to 12.505 kJ/mol, respectively as the moisture content increased from 2 to 14%. The value of isokinetic energy and Gibb's free energy were found to be 364.88 and − 1.596 kJ/mol for freeze dried red cabbage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins are currently used in green chemistry as a coloring agent for colorimetric analysis due to their ability to change color in different pH environments. A red cabbage (Brassica oleracea)-based digital image analytical method for the determination of ethanol concentration is proposed in this study. Hydroxide ions were added to change the color of the extract. The addition of ethanol in the red cabbage–NaOH mixture affects the degree of ionization of the hydroxide solution. The effect of the addition of varying concentrations of ethanol was digitized into RGB channel values. The change in the R-channel value was found to be linear versus the concentration range of alcohol from 5.0 to 50.0%(v/v), and the limit of detection obtained was 2.97%(v/v). The proposed method was also applied to the distilled spirit samples, and the results were validated using Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID) measurements. The difference in the results from the two methods was not statistically significant which makes the proposed method a cheaper, simpler, and greener alternative tool in the analysis of ethanol in distilled spirits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The water issue has emerged as a significant barrier to agricultural productivity, particularly in dry and semiarid agro-ecologies, particularly during the winter season. Superabsorbent hydrogels have been identified as effective tools for improving crop and water productivity in arid locations by enhancing moisture retention. The application of hydrogel to soil is commonly done as a basal application, and its effectiveness is heavily influenced by the moisture level present in the soil. Therefore, a two-year field study was carried out to study the effects of various hydrogels and their application techniques and to assess the efficacy of recently developed cross–linked hydrogels (SPG 1118 and Pusa hydrogel) on soil water distribution (both spatial and temporal), water productivity and profitability of red cabbage. The experiment consisted of two irrigation regimes [full irrigation (100% ETc) and limited irrigation (75% ETc)] assisted in main plots, with two type of hydrogels (Pusa Hydrogel and SPG 1118) and two methods of application [root dipping and soil application of hydrogels and Control with no application of hydrogel] assisted in sub plots. The field experiment was conducted using spilt plot design with three replications. The analysis of soil water distribution patterns reveals that the utilization of hydrogels has resulted in a notable increase of 3–6% in soil water content (SWC) under full irrigation conditions, as compared to plots subjected to limited water conditions. In comparison to plots without hydrogel application, the plots treated with SPG 1118 and Pusa hydrogel exhibited enhanced soil water content of 5–6% and 2–4%, respectively. Additionally, the application of hydrogels in the root dipping showed increased water availability in the crop's root zone compared to soil application in throughout the crop season. Thus, hydrogels with reduced irrigation application resulted in significantly higher crop water productivity (14%) and irrigation water productivity (8 – 14%) compared to full irrigation levels. Likewise, root dipping of SPG 1118 led in considerable improvement in CWP (12–14%) and IWP (11–12%) over no hydrogel applied plots. In relation to profitability, the adoption of full irrigation in conjunction with SPG 1118 hydrogel resulted in an 8% increase in the benefit cost ratio compared to the control plots. Hence, the use of the unique SPG 1118 hydrogel through direct application to the roots, whether under conditions of full or limited irrigation, presents an inventive approach to address the growing issues of water shortages and sustainability in countries experiencing water stress.

This study verified the in vitro activity of red cabbage and beetroot against the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and their relationship with the biomolecules’ content. Fermentation of cabbage increased the total phenolic (~10%) and flavonoid contents (~14%), whereas decreased total phenolics/flavonoids in beetroot. Fermented cabbage exhibited higher ability against AGEs, i.e., 17% in the bovine serum albumin–methylglyoxal (BSA-MGO) model and 25% in the BSA–glucose model, while beetroot exhibited 23% and 18%, respectively. The major compounds of cabbage products were cyanidin 3-(sinapoyl)(sinapoyl)-diglucoside-5-glucoside, sinapic acid, and epicatechin. Syringic acid and epicatechin were predominantly present in fermented beetroot. 2,17-bidecarboxy- and 2,15,17-tridecarboxy-betanin were the major betalains. Fermented vegetables can be effective inhibitors of the AGE formation/accumulation and could be recommended in the prevention of diet-related diseases.

In this work, environmentally sound technologies for converting organic wastes into fertilizers to improve soil sustainability and crop yield have been identified and assessed. Wet wastes were combined with 50% wood sawdust and 50% wet wastes (Compost 1) or (10% Straw + 90% wet wastes) (Compost 2) to produce soil improvers with a balanced level of nutrients, and their effectiveness on soil ecosystem functioning have been tested and compared to horse manure (HM) and nitrogen–phosphorous–potassium (NPK) fertilizers. Unfertilized soil was used as a control. Soil chemical and biological properties have been detected after the harvesting of broccoli and red cabbage (90 days from the initial treatments). Three independent experiments have been conducted in an open field in a randomized complete block design with three replications (n = 9). The results showed that Compost 1 had the highest C/N ratio and cation exchange capacity (CEC), indicating a better humification of the wet material. Compost 1, even if it contained a minor amount of organic carbon, as well as less activity of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and dehydrogenase (DHA) than Compost 2, was the most effective in improving soil quality, significantly increasing the labile fraction of organic matter, the oxidative enzyme (DHA), microbial biomass, and crop yield. Both composts increased crop productivity.

The aim of the present study was the synthesis of hydrogel incorporated with chitosan blend with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) from red cabbage Brassica oleracea and its application in wound healing and antibacterial activity. The chitosan/PVA hydrogel was synthesized by the combination of chitosan and PVA treated with acetic acid. The silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized from the B. oleracea extract and its antibacterial efficacy was examined. The synthesized nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using UV-spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. The synthesized NPs were purified and combined with the hydrogel. This combined hydrogel and AgNP mixture was then subjected to Fourier transform infrared analysis, and the results were observed to conclude the effectiveness of the hydrogel. This hydrogel would differ in the part of dressing the wound, that is it can last on the wound for a longer period, thus reducing the pain and frequency of dressing and in turn naturally healing the wound in less time.

The present investigation studied the effect of process parameters on the extraction of phytochemicals from red cabbage by the application of ultrasonication and temperature. The solvent selected for the study was deep eutectic solvent (DES) prepared by choline chloride and citric acid. The ultrasound assisted extraction process was modeled using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) algorithm and integrated with the genetic algorithm for optimization purposes. The independent variables that influenced the responses (total phenolic content, antioxidant activity, total anthocyanin activity, and total flavonoid content) were ultrasonication power, temperature, molar ratio of DES, and water content of DES. Each ANFIS model was formed by the training of three Gaussian-type membership functions (MF) for each input, trained by a hybrid algorithm with 500 epochs and linear type MF for output MF. The ANFIS model predicted each response close to the experimental data which is evident by the statistical parameters (R2>0.953 and RMSE

The study insights into the effect of temperature (80–160 °C), oxygen (O2), sunlight (SL), and storage on color attributes, shelf-life, and anthocyanins content on red cabbage (RC) anthocyanins (ANS) and their in-vitro bioaccessibility. The previously well-established encapsulating agent i.e. maltodextrin in combination with RC waste derived-pectin was used to stabilize the anthocyanins. The stability of encapsulated and non-encapsulated anthocyanins was accomplished in terms of total anthocyanin content under temperature, oxygen, sunlight, and storage. The individual content of 3,5-O-diglucoside and 3-O-glucoside of cyanidin exhibited 1.76% (SL), 1.56% (O2) & 1.8% (4 °C), 1.62% (25 °C) and 0.17% (SL), 0.15% (O2) & 0.259% (4 °C), 0.258% (25 °C) retention in maltodextrin/ pectin (MPC)-ANS, respectively. The encapsulated anthocyanins showed significantly improved stability against oxygen, sunlight, high temperature, and storage, with the highest anthocyanin retention, color, and hue angle, inducing very few color differences (ΔE). Besides, the MPC-ANS appeared to be a suitable encapsulating agent to delay anthocyanin release throughout the simulated gastrointestinal digestion.

Novel green intelligent films based on basil seed gum (BSG)/chitosan containing red cabbage extract (RCA) (0, 2.5, 5, and 10, % (v/v)) as a colorimetric indicator for food freshness detection were fabricated by casting method. The physicochemical, barrier, mechanical, and antioxidant characteristics, as well as sensitivity to pH and ammonia gas of smart edible packaging films, were investigated. The interaction of anthocyanin extract as a natural dye with biopolymers in films characterized by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM images revealed their suitable compatibility. The film with maximum anthocyanin content (10% (v/v)) appeared robust color changes against various pH and ammonia gas levels. The color of indicator films when exposed to alkaline, neutral and acidic buffers are indicated with green, blue, and red colors, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of smart BSG/chitosan films improved from 23% to 90.32% with increasing RCA content from 2.5 to 10% (v/v). Generally, the incorporation of RCA in film structure enhanced their solubility, WVP, ΔE, turbidity, and flexibility, and reduced tensile strength. The observations successfully confirmed the efficacy of pH‐sensitive indicator smart film based on BSG/chitosan for evaluation of fish spoilage during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of bioactive compounds with health benefits from food and medicinal plants, optimization of process to reduce solvent, raw material, energy and time consumption has been a valuable research objective. Sustainable management and efficient use of natural resources are of critical importance for sustainability goals. In this manner, microwave extraction of red cabbage which has been a mass cultivated plant for food purposes, was optimized for maximizing acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, tyrosinase inhibitory activity and bioactive content. Quantitative analysis of total phenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin content were performed using spectrophotometry and UPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS. Optimum conditions were determined as 600 W, 100% ethanol, 12 min for butyrylcholinesterase inhibitory and 800 W, 50% ethanol, 4 min for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Microwave extraction outperformed conventional solvent extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, ethanol, 70% ethanol and water) in terms of activity and content. The isolated fraction containing major anthocyanins as cyanidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside and cyanidin-3-(sinapoyl)-sophoroside-5-glucoside was identified as the responsible portion for tyrosinase inhibitory activity. The dominant anthocyanins rich fraction of the optimum microwave extract can be considered for the production of antityrosinase products, while the identification of inhibitor metabolites for acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase can be targeted for future studies considering red cabbage as a valuable source. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, atropine has been highlighted because of its anticholinergic effect and contamination in foodstuffs, and therefore, using an accurate and sensitive method for its determination is crucial in human health and food safety. In this study, a novel spectrophotometric method was suggested for the swift quantification of atropine. The proposed method was based on the formation of red ion-pair complexes between the drugs and the cyanidin reagent extracted from red cabbage (RC). In this regard, the effect of pH, time, and temperature was explored and optimized. According to the results, atropine determining was shown the best performance in pH 2 at room temperature in 30 min. In addition, this method revealed linear responses from 10 nM to 1 µM of atropine with limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.0019 µM. Also, the selectivity value of this method was investigated in the presence of some drugs with the same structure and some common species as interferences. The results verified no interference in atropine determination, as well as, the results obtained from repeatability (RSD ⁓ 2.56) of this method were acceptable. Moreover, the applicability of this method was tested in buckwheat and atropine sulfate as food and pharmaceutical real sample, respectively. Real sample analysis was carried out with the standard addition method and the recovery percentages (96.54–104.87%) witnessed the high capability of this method in atropine determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, foam properties of meringue batters prepared with black carrot, red cabbage, and red beetroot extracts and the color, bioactive content, and sensory properties of final product were investigated. In general, addition of the extracts to meringue formulation improved both foam capacity and stability of the control (T1). T2 (sample with black carrot extract) was found to maintain color characteristics better even after 60 days of storage. Moreover, total phenolic matter content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the samples were enhanced by approximately 63% and 172% in T2 compared to T1. Ascorbic acid in T4 (sample with red beetroot extract) was the highest with 36.13 ± 0.17 mg/100 g. However, it can be suggested to improve the taste of the samples. In conclusion, addition of black carrot (T2) or red beetroot (T4) extracts to the meringue formulation was proven to contribute positively to the product properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and no efficient therapy able to cure or slow down PD is available. In this study, dehydrated red cabbage was evaluated as a novel source of bio-compounds with neuroprotective capacity. Convective drying was carried out at different temperatures. Total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins (TAC), and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined using spectrophotometry, amino acid profile by LC-DAD and fatty acid profile by GC-FID. Phenolic characterization was determined by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity and neuroprotection assays were evaluated in SH-SY5Y human cells, observing the effect on preformed fibrils of α-synuclein. Drying kinetic confirmed a shorter processing time with temperature increase. A high concentration of bio-compounds was observed, especially at 90 °C, with TPC = 1544.04 ± 11.4 mg GAE/100 g, TFC = 690.87 ± 4.0 mg QE/100 g and TGC = 5244.9 ± 260.2 µmol SngE/100 g. TAC degraded with temperature. Glutamic acid and arginine were predominant. Fatty acid profiles were relatively stable and were found to be mostly C18:3n3. The neochlorogenic acid was predominant. The extracts had no cytotoxicity and showed a neuroprotective effect at 24 h testing, which can extend in some cases to 48 h. The present findings underpin the use of red cabbage as a functional food ingredient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Encapsulation is a valuable strategy to protect and deliver anthocyanins (ACNs), phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant capacity but limited stability. In this study, coacervation was used to encapsulate an ACN-rich red cabbage extract (RCE). Two agri-food by-product polymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and apple high-methoxyl pectin (HMP), were blended at pH 4.0 in a specific ratio to induce the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The process optimisation yielded a monodispersed population (PDI < 0.200) of negatively charged (−17 mV) NPs with an average diameter of 380 nm. RCE concentration influenced size, charge, and antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. NPs were also sensitive to pH increases from 4 to 7, showing a progressive breakdown. The encapsulation efficiency was 30%, with the retention of ACNs within the polymeric matrix being influenced by their chemical structure: diacylated and/or C3-triglucoside forms were more efficiently encapsulated than monoacylated C3-diglucosides. In conclusion, we report a promising, simple, and sustainable method to produce monodispersed NPs for ACN encapsulation and delivery. Evidence of differential binding of ACNs to NPs, dependent on specific acylation/glycosylation patterns, indicates that care must be taken in the choice of the appropriate NP formulation for the encapsulation of phenolic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, genetic gain and correlation for traits were studied in 22 lines of red cabbage. The genotypes were evaluated for seven quantitative characters such as head weight, head diameter, head length, core length, head volume, head density and head shape index. Analysis of variance showed significant variation among the genotypes for all the studied yield and yield contributing characters. Head weight of the lines was highly significant positively correlated with head length, head diameter, core length and head volume. The phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed to be higher than the corresponding genotypic coefficient of variation for all the characters studied, indicated that the traits were influenced by environment. The high phenotypic and genotypic coefficient (PCV and GCV) was observed for head density (30.61 and 20.06) followed by head volume (24.72 and 20.49), core length (15.68 and 14.99) and head weight (10.66 and 9.65). High heritability (broad sense) values were recorded for traits such as for head length (91.56%), core length (91.38%) and head diameter (82.24%). The highest genetic advance as percent of mean was shown by head volume (35.0 %) followed by core length (29.52%) and head density (27.09%). As a result, high heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed head length, head diameter, head volume and head density which are governed by additive gene and could be effectively used as selection criteria in the breeding programme of red cabbage varieties with high yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-glycation activities associated with the consumption of broccoli, red cabbage, alfalfa, and buckwheat seeds. Additionally, we explored the relationship between these biological activities and the profiles of amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids identified in the seeds. Our findings demonstrated that red cabbage, broccoli, and buckwheat extracts exhibited significantly higher antioxidant potential compared to the alfalfa extract. Moreover, buckwheat displayed the most significant capacity for inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. Remarkably, broccoli and red cabbage demonstrated substantial anti-glycation and lipase inhibitory potentials. We identified the presence of amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids in the extracts through untargeted metabolomics analysis. Correlation analysis revealed that pyroglutamic acid positively correlated with all the investigated functional properties. Most polyphenols made positive contributions to the functional properties, with the exception of ferulic acid, which displayed a negative correlation with all tested biological activities. Furthermore, gluconic acid and arabinonic acid among the organic acids identified displayed a positive correlation with all the functional properties. These results strongly support the anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-glycation potential of red cabbage, broccoli, and buckwheat seeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work is to describe the effect of convective drying (CD), vacuum drying (VD), infrared drying (IRD), low-temperature vacuum drying (LTVD) and freeze drying (FD) on bio-compound retention of red cabbage and its beneficial health properties. The total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanin (TAC) and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined by spectrophotometry. The profiles of phenolic acids, amino acids and fatty acids were determined by HPLC-UV-DAD, LC-DAD and GC-FID, respectively. Antioxidant potential was verified by DPPH and ORAC assays. The antiproliferative activity was measured in the human gastric cell line (AGS). Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and arachidonic acid models. VD showed high values of TPC = 11.89 ± 0.28 mg GAE/g d.m.; TFC = 11.30 ± 0.9 mg QE/g d.m.; TAC = 0.265 ± 0.01 mg Cya3glu/g d.m.; and TGC = 51.15 ± 3.31 µmol SE/g d.m. Caffeic acid, ferulic acid and sinapic acid were identified. The predominant amino acid and fatty acid were glutamic acid and γ–linolenic acid, respectively. The antioxidant potential was dependent on drying methods for both DPPH and ORAC assays. Dried red cabbage extracts showed clear anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activity. The dehydration process is an alternative for the retention of bio-compounds and health-promoting properties of red cabbage.

Production and consumption of chicken meat has increased considerably with the increasing world population, and will continue to increase, due to its health benefits and its economic value. Chicken meat is a sensitive food due to its characteristics and microbiological load. Traceability is very important to increase food safety and biosecurity. Freshness indicators are often used to monitor the presence of metabolites produced by microorganisms, mostly functioning through the colour change of the indicator. A developed natural, edible, biodegradable, purple coloured pH sensitive sensory pad was put inside a chicken meat package to observe the chicken meat spoilage with colour change due to pH changes in the meat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the anticipated impact of climate change on agriculture, as well as water conservation, is critical to achieving food security. Therefore, during this critical time and due to reduced water resources and increased food demand, it is important to study the impact of water-stress conditions on crops. Two successive seasons were carried out through the 2021 and 2022 seasons to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) and study the effect of abscisic acid on red cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) under water-stress conditions at a private farm in the Bilbeis region, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The aim was to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) and effect of different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm) under various irrigation levels (100, 80, and 60% of field capacity "FC") on the growth process and yield parameters of red cabbage plants. The results revealed that the average estimated crop coefficient (Kc) for red cabbage crops under standard conditions, 100% of FC, was 0.75, 1.07, 1.2 and 0.88 and 0.77, 1.2, 1.25 and 0.82 for Initial, Development, Mid, and End stages during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, respectively. Data collected during both seasons clearly showed that all treatments significantly increased both the plant's growth process and yield parameters when compared to the control. However, abscisic acid (ABA, 75 ppm) application with irrigation requirements (80% of FC) was statistically the most effective treatment in this study. Hence, this means a water savings of 20% can be achieved without significantly compromising the yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the properties of film markers of polylactic acid and anthocyanins extracted from red cabbage and beetroot were investigated. There were four samples of: 1 (polylactic acid without anthocyanins), 2 (polylactic acid containing red cabbage anthocyanins), 3 (polylactic acid containing beet anthocyanin) and 4 (polylactic acid containing beet anthocyanin and red cabbage). The samples were tested for thickness, solubility, mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation at break, Young's modulus) and changes in color indices were also analyzed. The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the thickness of the film samples (p> 0.05). The highest solubility belonged to the sample 1 and the lowest solubility belonged to sample 4. The results of mechanical tests showed that the highest increase in elongation at breakbelonged to samples 3 and 4 and the lowest increase in elongation at breakbelonged to sample 1 (p≤0.05). The lowest tensile strength and Young's modulus belonged to sample 1 (p≤0.05). In all the film samples except sample 1, by increasing pH (up to pH = 14), L * significantly increased (p≤0.05). In addition, in all pH ranges, sample 1 had the highest L * and sample 3 had the lowest (p≤0.05). a * in sample 3, at pH = 1-6, had an increasing trend and then decreased to pH = 14 (p≤0.05). In samples 2 and 4 at pH = 1-13, a decreasing trend was observed and then up to pH = 14 an increasing trend was observed (p≤0.05). In sample 3, up to pH = 6, an increasing trend and then up to pH = 14, a decreasing trend was observed (p≤0.05). In the b * of sample 2, first at pH = 1-12, a decreasing trend was observed and then up to pH = 14, an increasing trend was observed (p≤0.05). The b * of sample 3 at pH = 1-11, and in sample 4 at pH = 1-12, showed a decreasing trend and an increasing trend for both samples up to pH = 14 (p≤0.05).Sample 4 was introduced as the best treatment due to suitable physical properties and color changes at different pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spent crankcase oil (SCO) contains a cocktail of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), transferred to the associated water-soluble fractions (WSF); and low-dose heavy metals exposures could increase the triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) concentrations. Hence, this study estimated the changes in the lipid profile and atherogenic indices (AI) of male Wistar albino rats exposed to the WSF of SCO and treated with aqueous extracts (AE) of red cabbage (RC) for 60 and 90 days. Sixty-four male Wistar rats divided into 8 groups (8 animals each) were orally administered 1 mL of deionized water, 500 mg/kg AE of RC, 1 mL of 25%, 50%, and 100% WSF of SCO daily for 60 and 90 days, whereas alternate groups were given the stated percentages of the WSF and the AE. Serum TG, TC, LDL, and VLDL concentrations were then analyzed using appropriate kits and the AI estimated thereafter. Although the 60 days study presented a nonsignificant (P < 0.05) difference in the TG, VLDL, and high density lipoprotein (HDL)-C levels in all the exposed and treated groups, a significantly (P < 0.05) elevated TC and non-HDL was recorded for the 100% exposed group alone. Also, the LDL concentration of all exposed groups was higher than all treated groups. The findings at the 90th day was different, such that the 100% and 25% exposed only groups had elevated lipid profile (except HDL-C) concentrations and AI compared with other groups. RC extracts can act as good hypolipidemic agents in WSF of SCO hyperlipidemia potentiating events. Graphical Abstract [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Red cabbage (RC), a cruciferous vegetable rich in various bioactive substances, can significantly reduce the risk factors of several non-communicable diseases, but the mechanism underlying the biological effects of RC remains unclear. Furthermore, mechanisms that operate through the regulation of gut microbiota also are not known. Given the relationships between diet, gut microbiota, and health, a diet-induced mice obesity model was used to elucidate the influence of RC on gut microbial composition and bacteria–bacteria interactions in mice. After 24 h of dietary intervention, a high-fat (HF) diet with the intake of RC led to increased Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratios in the feces of mice. RC also reduced the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia muciniphila in mice fed a low-fat (LF) diet. After 8-weeks of dietary intervention, RC significantly changed the structure and the ecological network of the gut microbial community. Particularly, RC inhibited an HF-diet-induced increase in AF12 in mice, and this genus was positively correlated with body weight, low-density lipoprotein level, and fecal bile acid of mice. Unclassified Clostridiales, specifically increased via RC consumption, were also found to negatively correlate with hepatic free cholesterol levels in mice. Overall, our results demonstrated that RC modulating gut microbial composition and interactions are associated with the attenuation of HF-diet-induced body weight gain and altered cholesterol metabolism in mice.

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and can potentially prevent IBD through microbial-derived metabolites, making it a promising therapeutic avenue. Recent evidence suggests that despite an unclear underlying mechanism, red cabbage juice (RCJ) alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Thus, the study aims to unravel the molecular mechanism by which RCJ modulates the gut microbiota to alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice. Using C57BL/6J mice, we evaluated RCJ’s protective role in DSS-induced colitis through two cycles of 3% DSS. Mice were daily gavaged with PBS or RCJ until the endpoint, and gut microbiota composition was analyzed via shotgun metagenomics. RCJ treatment significantly improved body weight (p ≤ 0.001), survival in mice (p < 0.001) and reduced disease activity index (DAI) scores. Further, RCJ improved colonic barrier integrity by enhancing the expression of protective colonic mucins (p < 0.001) and tight junction proteins (p ≤ 0.01) in RCJ + DSS-treated mice compared to the DSS group. Shotgun metagenomic analysis revealed an enrichment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria (p < 0.05), leading to increased Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) activation (p ≤ 0.001). This, in turn, resulted in repression of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway, causing decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Our study demonstrates colitis remission in a DSS-induced mouse model, showcasing RCJ as a potential modulator for gut microbiota and metabolites, with promising implications for IBD prevention and treatment.

Encapsulation is a valuable strategy to protect and deliver anthocyanins (ACNs), phenolic compounds with outstanding antioxidant capacity but limited stability. In this study, coacervation was used to encapsulate an ACN-rich red cabbage extract (RCE). Two agri-food by-product polymers, whey protein isolate (WPI) and apple high-methoxyl pectin (HMP), were blended at pH 4.0 in a specific ratio to induce the formation of nanoparticles (NPs). The process optimisation yielded a monodispersed population (PDI < 0.200) of negatively charged (−17 mV) NPs with an average diameter of 380 nm. RCE concentration influenced size, charge, and antioxidant capacity in a dose-dependent manner. NPs were also sensitive to pH increases from 4 to 7, showing a progressive breakdown. The encapsulation efficiency was 30%, with the retention of ACNs within the polymeric matrix being influenced by their chemical structure: diacylated and/or C3-triglucoside forms were more efficiently encapsulated than monoacylated C3-diglucosides. In conclusion, we report a promising, simple, and sustainable method to produce monodispersed NPs for ACN encapsulation and delivery. Evidence of differential binding of ACNs to NPs, dependent on specific acylation/glycosylation patterns, indicates that care must be taken in the choice of the appropriate NP formulation for the encapsulation of phenolic compounds.

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and no efficient therapy able to cure or slow down PD is available. In this study, dehydrated red cabbage was evaluated as a novel source of bio-compounds with neuroprotective capacity. Convective drying was carried out at different temperatures. Total phenolics (TPC), flavonoids (TFC), anthocyanins (TAC), and glucosinolates (TGC) were determined using spectrophotometry, amino acid profile by LC-DAD and fatty acid profile by GC-FID. Phenolic characterization was determined by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity and neuroprotection assays were evaluated in SH-SY5Y human cells, observing the effect on preformed fibrils of α-synuclein. Drying kinetic confirmed a shorter processing time with temperature increase. A high concentration of bio-compounds was observed, especially at 90 °C, with TPC = 1544.04 ± 11.4 mg GAE/100 g, TFC = 690.87 ± 4.0 mg QE/100 g and TGC = 5244.9 ± 260.2 µmol SngE/100 g. TAC degraded with temperature. Glutamic acid and arginine were predominant. Fatty acid profiles were relatively stable and were found to be mostly C18:3n3. The neochlorogenic acid was predominant. The extracts had no cytotoxicity and showed a neuroprotective effect at 24 h testing, which can extend in some cases to 48 h. The present findings underpin the use of red cabbage as a functional food ingredient.

Isolated microspore culture in vitro (IMC) is an advanced technique for producing doubled haploids. We developed a modified microspore isolation method for the Brassicaceae family, which exceeds the results obtained by a standard microspore isolation method. We found that the new method allows an increase in the percentage of microspores at the embryogenic stage of development in the culture. In the spring rapeseed 'Ratnik' culture the percentage of microspores increases from 66.7% to 73%, and in the European radish 'RBK' from 34% to 61.9%. Moreover, the new method of microspore isolation made it possible to expand the range of linear bud sizes (from 3.5–4.0 to 3.0–4.5 mm for spring rapeseed 'Ratnik') suitable for IMC technology. In addition, the new method of microspore isolation reduced the debris in the preparation of spring rapeseed 'Ratnik' and European radish 'RBK' by 2.4 and 15 times, respectively. The best results were shown on Sareptian mustard No. 72, where the yield of embryoids increased by 7.5 times. Remarkably, the new method of microspore isolation allowed us to obtain the first embryoids of red cabbage No. 428, whereas no embryoids were obtained using the standard method of microspore isolation. In summary, the new method of microspore isolation allows an increase in the efficiency of IMC technology for Brassicaceae family crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The removal of textile dyes from wastewater by using plant peroxidases (PODs) offers environmentally effective solutions. Therefore, researching the availability and applicability of PODs from different sources becomes important area for the sustainable process design. In this article, PODs were produced in vitro from white and red cabbage callus cultures for evaluating their potential usage to decolourization of the Reactive Blue 19 (RB-19) and Acid Blue 25 (AB-25) textile dyes for the first time. The PODs with high activity were purified 133-fold with a specific activity of 45,083 U mg−1 and 134-fold with a specific activity of 26,785 U mg−1 from produced white and red cabbage calluses by single-step affinity chromatography. The molecular weights of purified red cabbage callus peroxidase (r-POD) and white cabbage callus peroxidase (w-POD) were found to be as 43 and 44 kDa, respectively. In the assays to determine the r-POD and w-POD dye decolourization potential, noteworthy degradation levels were recorded for RB-19 (>85) and AB-25 (>88) dyes in the reactions catalysed by w-POD. Also, r-POD exhibited maximum decolourization efficiency of % 68 for RB-19 and %73 for AB-25 dyes under the conditions at 50 °C, pH 5.5 and in the presence of 4 mM H2O2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brassicaceaes are rich in glucosinolates (GSL), whose derivatives, the isothyocianates sulforaphane (SFN), iberine (IB), or indole derivatives as indole-3-carbinol (I3C), have anticancer activities. We evaluated the effects of a broccoli sprout ( Brassica oleracea var italica) and red cabbage ( B. oleracea L. var capitata f. rubra) extracts and their GSL derivatives on breast cancer cells. Broccoli sprout aqueous extract (BSE) and red cabbage aqueous (RCA) or ethanolic (RCE) extracts were high in SFN, IB, and/or I3C. BSE and RCA decreased proliferation at doses of 2.5-5 mg/mL but induced proliferation at lower doses. RCE decreased proliferation starting at 10 µg/mL with selectivity toward cancer cells. SFN, IB, or I3C alone or in combination did not decrease proliferation similarly, suggesting synergistic effects with other phytochemicals in the extract. RCE showed selectivity toward breast cancer cells, but the effect of the individual metabolites or their combination did not reduce proliferation to the same extent. It will be important to determine the combination responsible for this effect to characterize their use for breast cancer treatment.

We conducted a comprehensive evaluation of the antioxidant, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, and anti-glycation activities associated with the consumption of broccoli, red cabbage, alfalfa, and buckwheat seeds. Additionally, we explored the relationship between these biological activities and the profiles of amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids identified in the seeds. Our findings demonstrated that red cabbage, broccoli, and buckwheat extracts exhibited significantly higher antioxidant potential compared to the alfalfa extract. Moreover, buckwheat displayed the most significant capacity for inhibiting alpha-glucosidase. Remarkably, broccoli and red cabbage demonstrated substantial anti-glycation and lipase inhibitory potentials. We identified the presence of amino acids, polyphenols, and organic acids in the extracts through untargeted metabolomics analysis. Correlation analysis revealed that pyroglutamic acid positively correlated with all the investigated functional properties. Most polyphenols made positive contributions to the functional properties, with the exception of ferulic acid, which displayed a negative correlation with all tested biological activities. Furthermore, gluconic acid and arabinonic acid among the organic acids identified displayed a positive correlation with all the functional properties. These results strongly support the anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, and anti-glycation potential of red cabbage, broccoli, and buckwheat seeds.

Depending on the preservation techniques, the late types of red and white cabbage offer themselves to storage for a specific amount of time. The storage period is shorter in improvised spaces with natural ventilation because the environment affects the metabolic activity of the cabbage heads, which manifests as a variety of depreciations, including weight loss, spoilage losses, and quality depreciations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work studied the effect of foliar spray of different concentrations of titanium (Ti, applied as titanium dioxide) and vanadium (V, applied as vanadium pentoxide) on growth, chemical composition, antioxidant contents, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality criteria of red cabbage plants. For this purpose, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg L−1 of Ti and V were used to treat red cabbage plants. The control plants were treated with tap water. Our results showed that plants treated with 4.0 mg L−1 of Ti recorded the highest values of plant growth and bioactive compounds, while antioxidant capacity was decreased compared to the other treatments. In addition, plants treated with Ti and V at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1, respectively, showed higher values of all of the growth, yield, non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidants enzymes' parameters compared to the untreated plants. Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that the low concentrations of both Ti and V (2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1) were able to enhance red cabbage growth and yield, as well as the antioxidant contents, enzymes and capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the potential of anthocyanin-based extracts (hibiscus calyxes – HC, red cabbage – RC, and butterfly pea flower − BPF) as natural alternatives to synthetic dyes in the food industry. Analyses in a pH range for food applications revealed higher color stability for the BPF extract, keeping vibrant colors over the 7 days at room temperature. At pH 3 and 100 °C, the BPF was more stable, losing half of its anthocyanin concentration after 14 h, while RC and HC lost half of their color after 7 and 2 h, respectively. The bisulfite bleaching followed a second-order reaction for HC and RC, and a first-order reaction for BPF, suggesting a minor effect of the bisulfite on this extract. Incorporating these extracts into porcine protein and agar-agar gelatin formulations produced consistent products with appealing hues, particularly the blue and purple colors for BPF and RC, dependent on the pH. [Display omitted] • HC, RC, and BPF extracts have anthocyanins with different acylation patterns. • BPF extract presents higher color stability at a wider pH range. • Anthocyanins from BPF extract showed higher stability towards high temperature and SO 2 bleaching. • A natural blue color was obtained using BPF extract in gelatin formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient manufacturing of food spoilage indicators based on intelligent nonwovens represents a promising alternative to enable the application of these materials in food quality monitoring. The objective of this study was to rapidly produce intelligent nanofiber nonwovens made of zein/gelatin (Z/G) functionalized with various concentrations (5–15% w/w on the matrix) of anthocyanin-rich food-residue extracts from purple cabbage (CAE) or purple sweet potato (PAE) using the solution-blow-spinning (SBS) technique for use in food-quality-monitoring applications. The addition of CAE or PAE to the Z/G matrix reduced the viscosity of the solution and (consequently) the nanofiber diameters from 999 nm to 882 and 583 nm, respectively. Such incorporation also improved the mechanical, thermal, and water-related properties of the nanofibers and endowed them with antioxidant capacities. Nonwovens composed of Z/G nanofibers with added CAE or PAE, especially at concentrations of 15%, exhibited visible color changes (ΔE ≥ 3) that rapidly altered in response to pH (3–10) and when exposed to ammonia vapor. The nonwovens were successfully used to monitor the deterioration of pasteurized milk and fish fillets. They reveal a visual color change from pink at 0 h to a more intense pink at 48 h in response to milk deterioration and a color change from pink at 0 h to light brown after 48 h when the fish fillets were considered deteriorated. The use of these nanofiber nonwovens to monitor changes in food quality highlights the significant potential of the SBS technique and the use of anthocyanins from agri-food waste to produce new intelligent packaging materials for use in food applications. • Smart packaging materials were rapidly produced using the Solution Blow Spinning technique. • The incorporation of anthocyanin-rich extracts improved the physical properties of the nanofibers. • Nanofiber mats were capable of monitoring the deterioration of pasteurized milk and fish fillets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shelf life of perishable foods is estimated through expensive and imprecise analyses that do not account for improper storage. Smart packaging, obtained by agile manufacturing of nanofibers functionalized with natural pigments from agri-food residues, presents promising potential for real-time food quality monitoring. This study employed the solution blow spinning (SBS) technique for the rapid production of smart nanofiber mats based on polycaprolactone (PCL), incorporating extracts of agricultural residues rich in anthocyanins from eggplant (EE) or purple cabbage (CE) for monitoring food quality. The addition of EE or CE to the PCL matrix increased the viscosity of the solution and the diameter of the nanofibers from 156 nm to 261–370 nm. The addition of extracts also improved the mechanical and water-related properties of the nanofibers, although it reduced the thermal stability. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the incorporation of anthocyanins into PCL nanofibers. Nanofiber mats incorporated with EE or CE exhibited visible color changes (ΔE ≥ 3) in response to buffer solutions (pH between 3 and 10), and ammonia vapor. Smart nanofibers have demonstrated the ability to monitor fish fillet spoilage through visible color changes (ΔE ≥ 3) during storage. Consequently, smart nanofibers produced by the SBS technique, using PCL and anthocyanins from agro-industrial waste, reveal potential as smart packaging materials for food. [Display omitted] • Smart nanofibers were rapidly produced using the Solution Blow Spinning technique. • Anthocyanin-rich extracts improves the mechanical properties of the nanofibers. • Nanofiber mats can detect the variation of pH and ammonia release. • Nanofiber mats were capable of monitoring the deterioration of fish fillets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Study synthesizes biogenic silver nanoparticles from red cabbage extract. • Biogenic silver nanoparticles loaded onto MOF structure for the first time. • Green chemistry principles used to create nanoparticles in a safer, less toxic way. • The study demonstrates significant inhibition of bacterial and fungal growth by the synthesized Ag@Ni-MOF nanostructure. • Research provides insights into potential therapeutic properties of MOF-based nanostructures. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are organic–inorganic crystalline compounds that have attracted much attention due to their wide range of applications. Bimetallic MOFs offer more possibilities than MOFs based on single metal. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a Ni-MOF doped with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Red cabbage extract was used as a reducing agent to synthesize Ag NPs. Ag@Ni-MOF nanocomposite exhibited significant growth inhibition of bacteria and fungi, and demonstrated the best antioxidant properties among the synthesized compounds. These results suggest that designed Ag@Ni-MOF nanostructure can be applied in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases as well as bacterial/fungal infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the anticipated impact of climate change on agriculture, as well as water conservation, is critical to achieving food security. Therefore, during this critical time and due to reduced water resources and increased food demand, it is important to study the impact of water-stress conditions on crops. Two successive seasons were carried out through the 2021 and 2022 seasons to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) and study the effect of abscisic acid on red cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) under water-stress conditions at a private farm in the Bilbeis region, Sharqia Governorate, Egypt. The aim was to estimate the crop coefficient (Kc) and effect of different concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) (0, 25, 50, and 75 ppm) under various irrigation levels (100, 80, and 60% of field capacity “FC”) on the growth process and yield parameters of red cabbage plants. The results revealed that the average estimated crop coefficient (Kc) for red cabbage crops under standard conditions, 100% of FC, was 0.75, 1.07, 1.2 and 0.88 and 0.77, 1.2, 1.25 and 0.82 for Initial, Development, Mid, and End stages during the 2021 and 2022 growing seasons, respectively. Data collected during both seasons clearly showed that all treatments significantly increased both the plant’s growth process and yield parameters when compared to the control. However, abscisic acid (ABA, 75 ppm) application with irrigation requirements (80% of FC) was statistically the most effective treatment in this study. Hence, this means a water savings of 20% can be achieved without significantly compromising the yield.