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Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer constituye uno de los principales indicadores fundamentales de morbimortalidad infantil. En Granma, en el año 2022 se vio un incremento significativo del índice sobre este indicador que conllevó a la provincia a ocupar el segundo lugar en este problema de salud en todo el país. Objetivo: describir los principales factores de riesgos asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el policlínico # 2 “Ángel Ortiz Vázquez”. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal sobre los factores de riesgos asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el policlínico # 2 “Ángel Ortiz Vázquez” de Manzanillo, Granma, en el año 2022. De un universo de 56 infantes, se estudió una muestra de 30 niños bajos pesos al nacer a través de muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Resultados: preponderaron las edades maternas de 20-34 años con 18 pacientes (60 %). Según la ganancia de peso durante la gestación, la mayoría era insuficiente con 17 gestantes (56,6 %). En lo referente a los riesgos médicos previo a la gestación y durante la misma, los factores de riesgo que más predominaron fueron: la hipertensión arterial crónica y las infecciones cervicovaginales para un 40 % y un 56,7 % respetivamente. Conclusiones: se pudo determinar quéfactores de riesgo como la insuficiencia de peso materno, la hipertensión arterial previa e inducida por el embarazo, así como las infecciones cervicovaginales y la anemia gestacional tuvieron incidencia en el bajo peso al nacer.

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Introducción: Durante elembarazo varios factores pueden interactuar sobre el organismo en formación. Parte de los cuidados prenatales se centran en detectar desviaciones del crecimiento fetal. Objetivo: Describir las variables biométricas fetales primarias y la asociación de las enfermedades maternas con la condición trófica del recién nacido. Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, con una población de 5432 y una muestra de 4131 gestantes, seleccionada por muestreo no probabilístico, intencional, por criterios. Los datos fueron obtenidos del registro de consultas de genética desde enero de 2013 hasta octubre de 2018. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó el test de Kruskal Wallis, la prueba post hoc de Dunn-Bonferroni, ji cuadrado y V de Cramer. Resultados: Prevaleció el incremento de las medianas de las variables biométricas, según la condición trófica y semana gestacional, predominó la significación estadística, al igual que las diferencias significativas en todos los contrastes dos a dos realizados. Las gestantes de peso adecuado preponderaron en cada condición al nacer, los recién nacidos pequeños se relacionaron con los trastornos hipertensivos durante el embarazo, la sepsis vaginal y la diabetes mellitus mientras que los recién nacidos grandes predominaron en madres con la glucemia alterada y anemia. Conclusiones: Las mediciones biométricas y las fórmulas de estimación del peso fetal pueden advertir las desviaciones del crecimiento fetal y la condición trófica al nacer. Las variables maternas se relacionaron con la condición trófica del recién nacido.

Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Preterm birth and low birth weight constitute a health problem worldwide, since they represent an important predictor of development and postnatal growth, as well as an indicator of newborn morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize mothers with preterm and low weight infants according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January to December, 2022, of 35 mothers with preterm and low weight infants, belonging to the East Area Teaching Polyclinic in Camagüey city. Age, nutritional state, risk classification, prenatal control, preconcepcional reproductive risk, multidisciplinary visits, diseases characteristic of pregnancy, birth state, detected deficiencies and causes were among the analyzed variables. Results: In the series there was prevalence of the 35 and over age group (25.7%), obesity (37.1%), high risk mothers (45.7%) who received among 8-14 prenatal controls, and bad obstetric history (31.4%). On the other hand, 22.9% of the mothers had low weight children and 31.4% preterm children; as long as there were difficulties in follow up due to absences (57.1%). Conclusions: The mothers presented unfavorable clinical and epidemiological characteristics, such as the 35 and over years, obesity, high risk, bad obstetric history and vaginal infection as a disease characteristic of pregnancy, which influenced the infants to be preterm or low weight, or both. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: los recién nacidos con bajo peso al nacer (BPN) tienen 20 a 40 veces más probabilidad de morir que recién nacido con peso normal. El objetivo del estudio fue establecer las características socioeconómicas de las madres asociadas al BPN en Colombia según los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud. Métodos: Se realizó análisis secundario de la ENDS 2015. Se calcularon las asociaciones entre las características socioeconómica de la madre y el BPN. Resultados: la distribución por género, mostró un predominio del sexo femenino, presentando una prevalencia de BPN mayor que el masculino (9.50% vs 8.29%).Se observó diferencias significativa en las prevalencias de BPN por edad (p- valor 0.002) con mayor prevalencia de la condición en madres en edades extremas (OR 1,29 IC 95% 1,10 -1,51 ) y nivel educativo de la madre( OR 1,11 IC 95% 0,949445- 1,306799 ), Conclusión: se concluye que el BPN es más probable en recién nacidos femeninas de madres cuyas edades sean menores de 20 años o mayores de 40 años con nivel educativo inferior al pregrado. Se recomienda identificar tendencias en el comportamiento del BPN contratando estos resultados con la próxima versión de ENSIN.

Background: the approach to low birth weight requires the introduction of participatory approaches in intersectoral coordination to contribute to the establishment of mechanisms to ensure diversified leadership, shared decision-making and community empowerment. Objective: to design and validate an intersectoral intervention strategy on the social determinants of health in low birth weight. Methods: a study was carried out on participatory health systems and services, its product was an intersectoral strategy on the social determinants of health that influenced low birth weight in Las Tunas, in the period from January 2021 to December 2022. The universe was made up of 260 low birth weights occurred in the aforementioned period, and a sample of 113, stratified sampling with proportional distribution was used. The strategy was designed in three stages: diagnosis, design and theoretical validation. Results: low birth weight was related to all the social determinants of health studied, smokers, family dysfunction, older ages and non-use of group activities with OR predominated (8.0; 7.3 and 7.2 respectively). The intersectoral strategy was built with 8 strategic objectives and 13 actions, indicators and criteria for measures. Conclusions: the intersectoral intervention strategy on the social determinants of health in low birth weight was designed and validated. It was viable because of its impact, functionality and timeliness, the content of which allows the possibility of use in other contexts.

Introduction: Developmental programming predisposes the individual to suffer from diseases during adulthood. Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the markers of the adverse intrauterine environment. Studies indicate that adverse intrauterine and immediate postnatal influences can generate structural and functional alterations in some organs, which will manifest themselves in later stages of life. Among these diseases is high blood pressure, in which the role of the kidney is demonstrated. Objective: To systematize studies that assess the changes that occur in kidney morphology and function in individuals with low birth weight. Material and Methods: A systematic review was carried out from May to September 2022. The Virtual Regional Health Library and the PubMed and SciELO Cuba databases were consulted. Results: A total of 114 articles were recovered, of which 16 were selected taking into account the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Morphometric variables of the kidney were evaluated in 13 articles, and renal function was evaluated in 7 of them. The articles reviewed deal with research carried out under very varied experimental conditions. In most of them, it has been demonstrated that LBW causes renal morphofunctional changes. Conclusions: The number of nephrons was found to be reduced. The intensity of glomerular filtration was not found to be different for the entire renal mass, but it was increased for the isolated nephron. Early extrauterine nutrition is important. It is evident that the cause and nature of the disturbance of the maternal-fetal environment must be taken into account.

Background: intrauterine growth retardation has significant implications for neonatal morbidity and mortality. Objective: characterize the cases of intrauterine growth restriction identified in the Las Tunas province, in the period from January to December 2020. Methods: an observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the province of Las Tunas from January 2020 to December 2020, which included 607 live newborns with a weight of less than 10 percentile for their gestational age and sex. The variables studied were: municipalities of origin, gestational age, sex, classification of intrauterine growth restriction, maternal age, twins, prematurity and birth weight. Results: of the 5022 live births in the study period, 607 presented intrauterine growth restriction, for a prevalence of 12.1 per 100 live births. 35.4 % of children with intrauterine growth had low birth weight and 14.7 % were preterm. Of the 607 neonates with intrauterine growth, six died, for a lethality of 0.99% and a survival rate of 99.01 %. Conclusions: in this study, Amancio, Menendez and Majibacoa municipalities showed the highest prevalence and high risk of intrauterine growth. Females prevailed, gestational age over 32 weeks and moderate intrauterine growth. Maternal age below 18 years and above 35 years influenced the appearance of intrauterine growth, while prematurity and weight below 3 percentile affected the mortality of these children.

Introduction: Preterm birth and low birth weight constitute a health problem worldwide, since they represent an important predictor of development and postnatal growth, as well as an indicator of newborn morbidity and mortality. Objective: To characterize mothers with preterm and low weight infants according to clinical and epidemiological variables. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out from January to December, 2022, of 35 mothers with preterm and low weight infants, belonging to the East Area Teaching Polyclinic in Camagüey city. Age, nutritional state, risk classification, prenatal control, preconcepcional reproductive risk, multidisciplinary visits, diseases characteristic of pregnancy, birth state, detected deficiencies and causes were among the analyzed variables. Results: In the series there was prevalence of the 35 and over age group (25.7%), obesity (37.1%), high risk mothers (45.7%) who received among 8-14 prenatal controls, and bad obstetric history (31.4%). On the other hand, 22.9% of the mothers had low weight children and 31.4% preterm children; as long as there were difficulties in follow up due to absences (57.1%). Conclusions: The mothers presented unfavorable clinical and epidemiological characteristics, such as the 35 and over years, obesity, high risk, bad obstetric history and vaginal infection as a disease characteristic of pregnancy, which influenced the infants to be preterm or low weight, or both.

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Duazary. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Universidad del Magdalena and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El crecimiento y desarrollo prenatal tiene su expresión en el peso al nacer, que adquiere gran importancia por su relación con la morbilidad y mortalidad en cualquier etapa de la vida.Objetivo: Identificar las asociaciones de variables maternas con la condición trófica del recién nacido.Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, en tres áreas de salud del municipio Santa Clara, en el periodo comprendido de enero 2013 a diciembre 2020. De una población de 6035 recién nacidos se seleccionó una muestra aleatoria de 2454. De los libros de genética se obtuvo la información de variables maternas y del neonato. Se aplicaron las pruebas no paramétricas de independencia basada en la distribución chi cuadrado y Kruskal Wallis en el análisis estadístico.Resultados: A excepción de la edad, las variables estudiadas mostraron relación con la condición trófica al nacer. El estado nutricional deficiente fue más frecuente en nacimientos pequeños y el obeso en los grandes. En nacimientos grandes se observó mayores porcentajes de gestantes con riesgo de diabetes gestacional. Los trastornos hipertensivos, la anemia, la infección del tracto urinario, la sepsis vaginal y el hábito de fumar se presentaron en mayores porcentajes en gestantes cuyos recién nacidos fueron pequeños.Conclusiones: De las variables estudiadas el riesgo de diabetes gestacional y los trastornos hipertensivos mostraron la mayor fuerza de asociación con la condición trófica al nacer.

Objective: To relate three adverse perinatal outcomes and maternal migratory status, Perú 2018. Material and methods: Secondary analysis of 484,533 data from the Vital Facts Registration System of Peru (RHV) of the year 2018, of which 476,471 were Peruvian and 8,062 migrants. The dependent variables were preterm delivery, cesarean section, and low birth weight; which were associated with the main independent variable (nationality of the mother) and with three sociodemographic variables (age, educational level and occupation of the mother) and duration of pregnancy is included as an independent variable. Results: The migrants were younger (26.92±5.97 years), with better education (82.7% of ≥10 years of study) and mostly housewives (88.2%). The adjusted model found a statistically significant association between preterm birth and being a migrant (RPa 1,29; IC95% 1,15- 1,34), elderly (RPa 1,45; IC95% 1,41-1,49) and professional (RPa 1,26; IC95% 1,21-1,31). Between the cesarean section and being a migrant (RPa 1,17; IC95% 1,14-1,20), elderly (RPa 1,26; IC95% 1,25-1,27), professional (RPa 1,62; IC95% 1,60-1,63) and with preterm pregnancy (RPa: 1,61; IC95% (1,60-1,63). Between low birth weight and being a migrant (RPa: 1,40; IC95% 1,32-1,50), adolescent (RPa: 1,26; IC95% 1,22-1,29), having less than 6 years of study (RPa: 1,33; IC95% 1,30-1,40) and with preterm pregnancy (RPa: 24,98; IC95% 24,42-25,55). Conclusions: the nationality of the mother was associated with the three outcome variables. Being a migrant mother in Peru gives a greater probability of having preterm labor, cesarean delivery and newborns with low birth weight; adjusted for age group, level of education, occupation of the mother and duration of pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low birth weight is considered a multifactorial public health problem with consequences such as neonatal morbidity and mortality, deficiencies in cognitive development and increased risk of developing chronic diseases in later stages of life. Objective: To interpret the meanings of the experiences in pregnancy care of women with low birth weight babies at term, which allow the identification of health, socioeconomic and emotional aspects, among others, that are relevant during pregnancy, and that can be characterized and included in the framework of binding public policies in Sincelejo, Sucre. Method: Phenomenology applied to eight mothers of low-birth-weight babies at term. The information was processed with the Colaizzi method. Results: Five macro-categories were derived: 1) Care and self-care during pregnancy; 2) Health in motion during pregnancy care 3) Change as a permanent experience in pregnancy 4) Economy and gestation 5) Emotionality inhabiting gestation. Conclusions: The study addresses birth, contextual, social and family related factors. This study became a path towards knowledge carried out by pregnant women, which is very useful for public policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Paulista de Enfermagem is the property of Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista de Enfermagem and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: El Bajo Peso al Nacer (BPN) tiene múltiples causas y continúa siendo un problema que afecta diferentes regiones de Colombia. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados con BPN en el Hospital Universitario Departamental de Nariño. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles que incluyó madres y recién nacidos, cuyo parto fue atendido entre noviembre de 2014 y junio de 2015. Resultados: El riesgo de BPN fue mayor en mujeres con edad entre 10-19 años (OR=7,79, IC95%=2,61-23,23), con antecedente de infección vaginal durante el embarazo (OR=4, IC95%=1,26-12,66), nivel educativo primaria incompleta (OR=10,93, IC95%=1,51-79,13) o primaria completa (OR=2,94, IC95%=1,06-8,13), afiliadas al régimen de salud subsidiado (OR=4,96, IC95%=1,71-14,41). El riesgo de tener un recién nacido con BPN se redujo un 10% (OR=0,90, IC95%=0,84-0,96) por cada incremento en una unidad de Índice de Masa Corporal y un 76% (OR=0,23, IC95%=0,16-0,34) por cada incremento en una semana de gestación. Conclusiones: La mayoría de factores de riesgo identificados pueden ser prevenidos o intervenidos precozmente desde un enfoque de salud pública.

Fundamento: el bajo peso al nacer constituye la principal causa de morbilidad y mortalidad neonatal. Objetivo: caracterizar a las madres con hijos bajo peso al nacer pertenecientes al Policlínico Universitario “Romárico Oro Peña”, de Puerto Padre, Las Tunas, de enero 2020 a diciembre 2021. Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal, en relación a las madres con hijos bajo peso al nacer, del área de salud y período antes señalado. La población estuvo constituida por 36 madres. Los datos se obtuvieron a partir de las historias clínicas. Se estudiaron las variables: grupos de edades, enfermedades propias del embarazo, comorbilidades, evaluación nutricional, ganancia de peso materno, antecedentes obstétricos, otros factores de riesgo y clasificación del bajo peso. Para el análisis de los resultados se empleó la estadística descriptiva. Resultados: el grupo de edad materna con mayor incidencia de hijos con bajo peso fue el de menores de 20 años (52,8 %); la rotura prematura de membrana (25 %) fue la enfermedad propia del embarazo de mayor frecuencia y la infección vaginal (72,2 %) la comorbilidad. El 77,8 % de las madres presentaron una valoración nutricional inadecuada, predominando las de peso deficiente (44,4 %). Las nulíparas (47,2 %) y las que presentaron un periodo intergenésico corto (63,9 %) fueron las que más aportaron un bajo peso al nacer. Predominó el bajo peso por nacimiento pretérmino. Conclusiones: se caracterizaron las madres con niños bajo peso al nacer en el área de salud del policlínico “Romárico Oro Peña” durante el período 2020–2021.

Human milk is the food of choice for low birth weight preterms, but its processing and administration lead to nutritional losses. Studies have been proposing human milk additives, and the challenge is to seek techniques for effective lipid supplementation, with emphasis on omega-3, due to its importance in neurological development and cell integrity. The objective was to develop and test emulsions containing omega-3 source oil to microcapsules manufacture for addition to human milk. The experimental study used fish oil, soy lecithin as emulsifier, and starch and maltodextrin as wall materials with subsequent lyophilization for the production of powders from the microcapsules. The stability and characteristics analyzes of the product showed positive results, being a viable alternative for the addition of lipids to human milk. Future analyzes will allow the study of the behavior of the product added to human milk and will subsidize research on human milk additives for vulnerable children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la variabilidad en el peso del recién nacido ya sea como bajo peso o macrosomía, puede ocasionar morbimortalidad infantil y materna, además de ser un predictor del estado de salud a lo largo de la vida. Objetivo: determinar factores sociodemográficos, antecedentes patológicos, exposición a sustancias psicoactivas, actividad física y características alimentarias de la madre relacionados con el peso de los recién nacidos atendidos en una IPS, Medellín 2018. Materiales y métodos: estudio de cohorte con información de madres seguidas hasta el nacimiento de los bebés. Resultados: la edad promedio de las maternas fue de 24±6 años, el peso promedio del recién nacido fue 3150 g. Embarazo previo, consumo de lácteos y derivados, consumo de proteínas y de suplementos dietarios fueron factores presentes en madres de recién nacidos con mayor peso. Haber fumado alguna vez en la vida, antecedente de preeclampsia, parto previo, aborto en el último embarazo y consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados se presentaron en madres de recién nacidos con menor peso. Conclusiones: se recomienda a las gestantes limitar el consumo de alimentos ultraprocesados, supervisar el consumo de lácteos y derivados, proteínas y suplementos dietarios en madres con embarazos previos, antecedente de preclamsia, abortos o hábitos como haber fumado.

Introducción: Las anomalías congénitas son defectos estructurales o funcionales durante la vida intrauterina. Es poco conocida la relación existente entre el bajo peso al nacer y la predisposición a una anomalía congénita. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre el bajo peso al nacer y la manifestación de anomalías congénitas en neonatos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal. La población de estudio fueron madres que dieron a luz a neonatos en un hospital de Asunción, Paraguay, en 2018. Se crearon fichas de recolección de datos con las características maternas y neonatales. La variable desenlace fue malformaciones congénitas al nacimiento. La variable exposición fue bajo peso al nacer, definido como el reporte clínico de peso menor a 2 500 gramos en un neonato. Resultados: De 225 mujeres, se encontró que el 26,7 % presentó infecciones de transmisión materno-neonatal (60/165); 102 (45,3 %) fueron prematuros y 79 (35,1 %) presentaron malformaciones congénitas. Se evidenció asociación positiva entre antecedente de bajo peso al nacer y malformaciones congénitas (RP= 2,32; IC 95 %: 1,68-3,20). Conclusiones: Se evidencia una asociación positiva entre el antecedente de bajo peso al nacer y la presencia de malformaciones congénitas.

El fracking (fractura hidráulica o hidrofracking) hace referencia a uno de los métodos no convencionales mediante el cual se obtiene petróleo o gas natural por medio de la inyección de fluidos a alta presión. Su implementación ha generado un impacto ambiental significativo, y causó diferentes efectos adversos en la salud del ser humano. En este trabajo se ha revisado la evidencia entre la exposición a pozos de desarrollo de gas natural no convencional y el parto pretérmino, bajo peso al nacer, defectos cardiacos congénitos, defectos en el neurodesarrollo y talla para la edad gestacional en neonatos. Se realizó una búsqueda en la base de datos PubMed usando criterios de inclusión como tipo de estudios (retrospectivos de cohortes y casos y controles), población de estudio, evaluación de exposición, manejo de datos y resultados en salud. De los 166 artículos encontrados, se incluyeron 8 en esta revisión, en los cuales se encontró una asociación positiva entre la intensidad y distancia de los pozos de extracción de gas no convencional, con respecto a la aparición de alteraciones en las gestantes y neonatos tales como parto pretérmino, bajo peso al nacer, defectos cardiacos congénitos, defectos en el neurodesarrollo y talla para la edad gestacional. A pesar de los hallazgos positivos encontrados en esta revisión, se recomienda una mayor investigación relacionada a la exposición y la aparición de posibles efectos en el desarrollo de los recién nacidos, debido a resultados no concluyentes encontrados en la investigación que permitan soportar y apoyar esta revisión.

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive capacity of gestational weight gain recommendations regarding low birth weight (LBW) and neonatal macrosomia, proposed by the Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Latin American Center of Perinatology (CLAP). Materials and methods: The bibliographic search was performed in PubMed, Embase (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost, Scopus, LILACS and SciELO. Methodological quality was evaluated using QUADAS 2. Results: A total of 1,192 articles were identified, only 5 articles met the inclusion criteria, no study evluated the CLAP recomendations. Sensitivity and specificity to predict LBW and macrosomia varied widely depending on which country the study took place. In the Latin American cohorts, the sensitivity for predicting LBW ranged from 62.8% to 74% and the specificity from 61.7% to 68%, while the sensitivity for predicting macrosomia was 28.8% and the specificity 43.8%. In most studies the positive predictive value was less than 25%, and the negative predictive value was more than 90%. Most studies had high risk of bias and applicability problems in patient selection. Conclusions: The limited methodological quality and representativeness of the studied cohorts, probable unadjusted confounding factors and modest values of sensitivity and specificity suggest the need to develop studies aimed at providing recommendations that fit the epidemiological characteristics of the Peruvian population.

Introducción. La enterocolitis necrotizante es un trastorno caracterizado por la necrosis isquémica de la mucosa intestinal, es la enfermedad gastrointestinal más grave que afecta a los neonatos, con alta morbilidad y mortalidad, principalmente en prematuros. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir las características clínicas y anatomopatológicas de los recién nacidos fallecidos con enterocolitis necrotizante, diagnosticados en un hospital de alta complejidad. Metodología. Este es un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de 21 casos de autopsias médico-científicas hechas en un hospital de alta complejidad del nororiente colombiano, con hallazgos anatomopatológicos de enterocolitis necrotizante, realizadas entre enero de 2013 y julio de 2017. Resultados. El 85.7% de los recién nacidos eran pretérminos, un igual porcentaje presentaba un peso menor a 2,500 gramos al nacer. Respecto a los antecedentes maternos el 14.3% tuvieron espectro de trastornos hipertensivos asociados al embarazo y el 23.8% infección materna. Los tres sitios más frecuentes de ubicación de enterocolitis necrotizantes fue íleon, colon ascendente y colon transverso. Discusión. Según algunos autores, hasta el 85% de todos los casos de enterocolitis necrotizante ocurren en pacientes prematuros, especialmente en bebés con peso extremadamente bajo al nacer. Hay formas de enterocolitis necrotizante que ocurren en bebés a término y, generalmente, están asociadas con factores predisponentes, resultados compatibles con lo que encontramos en esta investigación. Conclusiones. Este estudio elaborado con población colombiana se correlaciona con lo descrito en la población mundial en la cual la enterocolitis necrotizante se presenta más en los recién nacidos pretérmino y con bajo peso al nacer. Introduction. Necrotizing entercolitis is a disorder characterized by the ischemic necrosis of intestinal mucosa. It is the most serious gastrointestinal disease affecting neonates, with high morbidity and mortality rates, mainly among premature newborns. The purpose of this study is to describe the clinical and anatamo-pathological characteristics of deceased newborns with necrotizing entercolitis, diagnosed at a high-complexity hospital. Methodology. This is a descriptive retrospective study of 21 cases of medical-scientific autopsies performed at a high-complexity hospital in northeastern Colombia, with anatomo-pathological findings of necrotizing entercolitis, performed between January 2013 and July 2017. Results. 85.7% of the newborns were pre-term, and the same percentage had weight at birth below 2.5 kilograms. Regarding the mothers’ background, 14.3% displayed a spectrum of hypertensive disorders associated with pregnancy, and 23.8% had maternal infections. The three most frequent locations of necrotizing entercolitis were the ileum, ascending colon and transverse colon. Discussion. According to some authors, up to 85% of all cases of necrotizing entercolitis occur in premature patients, especially in babies with extremely low weight at birth. There are forms of necrotizing entercolitis that occur in full term babies, and they are generally associated with contributing factors, which is consistent with the findings of this study. Conclusions. This study of a Colombian population is consistent with other descriptions of the global population, where necrotizing entercolitis arises more frequently in pre-term newborns and low weight at birth. Introdução. A enterocolite necrosante é um transtorno caracterizado por necrose isquêmica da mucosa intestinal é a doença gastrointestinal mais grave que afeta aos recém-nascidos, com alta morbimortalidade, principalmente em prematuros. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características clínicas e anatomopatológicas dos recém-nascidos que morreram com enterocolite necrosante, diagnosticados em um hospital de alta complexidade. Métodos. Este é um estudo descritivo retrospectivo de 21 casos de autópsias médico-científicas feitas em um hospital de alta complexidade no nordeste da Colômbia, com achados anatomopatológicos de enterocolite necrosante, realizadas entre janeiro de 2013 e julho de 2017. Resultados. 85.7% dos recém-nascidos eram prematuros. Uma porcentagem igual tinha um peso menor que 2,500 gramas ao nascer. Em relação à história materna, 14.3% possuíam espectro de transtornos hipertensivos associados à gravidez e 23.8% à infecção materna. Os três locais mais frequentes de enterocolite necrosantes foram íleo, colo ascendente e colo transverso. Discussão. Segundo alguns autores, até 85% de todos os casos de enterocolite necrosante ocorrem em prematuros, Introdução. A enterocolite necrosante é um transtorno caracterizado por necrose isquêmica da mucosa intestinal é a doença gastrointestinal mais grave que afeta aos recém-nascidos, com alta morbimortalidade, principalmente em prematuros. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever as características clínicas e anatomopatológicas dos recém-nascidos que morreram com enterocolite necrosante, diagnosticados em um hospital de alta complexidade. Métodos. Este é um estudo descritivo retrospectivo de 21 casos de autópsias médico-científicas feitas em um hospital de alta complexidade no nordeste da Colômbia, com achados anatomopatológicos de enterocolite necrosante, realizadas entre janeiro de 2013 e julho de 2017. Resultados. 85.7% dos recém-nascidos eram prematuros. Uma porcentagem igual tinha um peso menor que 2,500 gramas ao nascer. Em relação à história materna, 14.3% possuíam espectro de transtornos hipertensivos associados à gravidez e 23.8% à infecção materna. Os três locais mais frequentes de enterocolite necrosantes foram íleo, colo ascendente e colo transverso. Discussão. Segundo alguns autores, até 85% de todos os casos de enterocolite necrosante ocorrem em prematuros, principalmente em bebês com peso extremamente baixo ao nascer. Existem formas deenterocolite necrosante que ocorrem em bebês a termo e, geralmente, estão associadas a fatorespredisponentes, resultados compatíveis com os achados nesta pesquisa. Conclusão. Este estudo realizado com população colombiana está correlacionado com o descrito na população mundial em que a enterocolite necrosante ocorre mais nos recém-nascidos prematuros e com baixo peso ao nascer. Cómo citar. Sandoval-Martínez DK, Jaimes-Sanabria MZ, Jiménez-Vargas FL, Chaparro-Zaraza DF, Manrique-Hernández EF. Enterocolitis necrotizante: hallazgos sociodemográficos, clínicos e histopatológicos en una serie de autopsias neonatales. MedUNAB. 2020;23(1):35-42. Doi: 10.29375/01237047.3682

bajo peso al nacer de 4 centros de salud maternos de Lima-Sur durante el 2019. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio cohorte retrospectivo de una base de datos secundaria donde se incluyeron gestantes atendidas en 4 Centros de Salud con nivel de complejidad I-4 de Lima-Sur; cuyos partos se registraron durante el 2019, excluyendo a los recién nacidos pretérmino. Una hemoglobina del primer trimestre

Objective. To estimate the point prevalence and likely ranges of pregnancy-induced hypertension, preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight and preterm delivery in Latin America and the Caribbean, and evaluate the heterogeneity of the estimates. Methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies reporting the prevalence of maternal and perinatal adverse outcomes in populations in Latin American and the Caribbean published between 2000 and 2019 in English, Spanish, or Portuguese. We searched PubMed, Embase, and LILACS. We estimated the point prevalence and evaluated overall heterogeneity and, in sub-group analyses, heterogeneity by study design and level of bias. Results. Of 1087 records retrieved, 50 articles were included in the review: two on hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, 14 on pre-eclampsia, six on gestational diabetes, nine on low birth weight and 19 on preterm birth. No meta-analysis for hypertensive disorders of pregnancy could be done because of the small number of studies. Point prevalence estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, low birth weight, and preterm birth were: 6.6% (95% CI: 4.9%, 8.6%), 8.5% (95% CI: 3.9%, 14.7%), 8.5% (95% CI: 7.2%, 9.8%), and 10.0% (95% CI: 8.0%, 12.0%), respectively. We observed substantial heterogeneity overall and by study design. No major differences in estimates were observed by level of bias. Conclusions. The results of this study provide updated estimates of some of the most prevalent adverse pregnancy and perinatal outcomes in Latin America and the Caribbean. They highlight that important heterogeneity exists in prevalence estimates, which may reflect the diversity of populations in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Birth weight is the most important determinant of a newborn's chances of experiencing satisfactory growth and development; therefore, it is an important indicator of health. Studying scientific production in this field effectively complements the opinions and judgments issued by experts. Objective: To characterize the scientific production on low birth weight published in Cuban medical journals. Material and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional investigation was carried using the Cuban medical journals certified as scientific as the primary source of information. Indicators of scientific production, collaboration, impact and co-occurrence of terms were analyzed. Results: The Cuban scientific production consisted of 34 publications, with a predominance of 27 original articles. Authors with low productivity, high intra-institutional and interprovincial collaboration, and low national and international collaboration were evidenced, with a collaboration index of 5,15. The Dr. Zoilo E. Marinello Vidaurreta Electronic Journal was the most productive one, with 14.7 % of the publications. The term co-occurrence analysis yielded 3 clusters that formed the main emerging research focuses in Cuba related to low birth weight, risk factors and prematurity. Conclusions: Scientific production on low birth weight in Cuban medical journals was characterized as low and unstable. There is no leadership of Cuban researchers, journals and institutions in research on the subject. There was a predominance of collaboration at the local level and research on the risk factors associated with low birth weight and their relationship to prematurity.

Introduction: low birth weight is an important cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality, it also represents a serious health problem in the Majibacoa municipality due to its high incidence. Objective: to characterize the pregnant women with low weight newborns at the Teaching Polyclinic "7 de Noviembre" of the Majibacoa municipality, Las Tunas during 2020. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study in pregnant women pregnant women with low weight newborns belonging to the “7 de Noviembre” Teaching Polyclinic of Majibacoa during 2020. The universe consisted of 28 pregnant women whose product of conception was low birth weight; it worked with the entire universe. Results: 64,3 % of the pregnant women were between 20 and 34 years old and 42,8 % were smokers. Hypertension was the most frequent personal pathological antecedent (17,8 %). Both, urinary and vaginal infections occurred in 25 % of pregnant women. At the beginning of pregnancy, 32,1 % of the mothers were malnourished and at the end of the pregnancy 39,3 %. Conclusions: females between the second and third decade of life, who consume tobacco or suffer from arterial hypertension, as well as those who presented vaginal infections and urinary tract infections as pregnancy-related diseases, and who were malnourished at the beginning of labor they were prone to having low birth weight babies.

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Introduction: Low birth weight constitutes in the entire world and populational groups the most important index to determine the possibilities that the newborn has to survive and to have a healthy growth. Objective: To identify some social and biological risk factors associated with low birth weight in the health area from 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba during 2016. Methods: An analytic study of cases and controls was carried out. The 8 postpartum women who contributed with the same quantity of underweight newborns and as controls 16 of the mothers whose product of the conception had a normal weight in same period were chosen. Among the analyzed variables there were: maternal age, unfavorable obstetric history, associated previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, gestational age at childbirth and nutritional state. Results: Previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, fundamentally anemia and vaginal infection prevailed in the series; while preterm childbirth had a high statistical significance. Conclusions: Biological risk factors with greater association force were malnutrition defect during registration, the previous diseases and those associated with pregnancy; as long as, among the factors with statistical significance prematurity and the short intergenesis prevailed, what did not occur with the unfavorable obstetric history. Correlation existed between gestational age, low birth weight, the presence of preterm childbirths and the slowed intra-uterine growth.

Introducción: El peso al nacer es un importante indicador de salud del recién nacido, de la madre y de las condiciones de salubridad de una sociedad; además es reconocido como la principal causa de morbimortalidad en la infancia. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre seguridad alimentaria en el hogar durante el último trimestre del embarazo y el bajo peso al nacer. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles; se incluyeron 73 recién nacidos a término con bajo peso y 73 neonatos con peso normal. Se analizaron variables demográficas, clínicas y de seguridad alimentaria. Resultados: El bajo peso al nacer se asoció con la inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar (OR: 19,3; IC 95%: 6,5-56,9), ajustando por hipertensión arterial de la madre, vaginosis, antecedente de ruptura prematura de membranas y malnutrición gestacional por exceso. Conclusiones: Se encontró una asociación importante entre la inseguridad alimentaria en el hogar durante el último trimestre de gestación y el bajo peso al nacer de los neonatos atendidos en el hospital San Pedro de Pasto. La fuerza de la asociación podría subestimarse en ausencia de ajuste por variables clínicas y demográficas.

Background: Cuban fertility is below replacement, a condition that has been maintained for more than four decades. The values of the adolescent fertility rates do not correspond to the fertility level of the country. Granma province in 2020 had the highest adolescent fertility rate in the country, a behavior that persists for several years. Objective: to describe the behavior of adolescent fertility in Granma and its territories during 2015-2020. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study on mothers under 20 years of age in Granma province during 2015-2020. The specific rates for this age group, relative weight of adolescent fertility, according to the area of residence, were taken into account, and those born with low weight from adolescent mothers were analyzed. Results: Granma province and its municipalities show high adolescent fertility values, above the national average. There was an increase in the values of the relative rates and weights in the period of analysis, as well as in the percentages of low birth weight children of adolescent mothers. In rural areas, the values of the selected indicators were higher. Conclusions: actions should be integrated to reduce fertility and adolescent pregnancy in the province. Although there are sexual and reproductive health education programs, the work of the institutions must be integrated to reduce this behavior in adolescent girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introducción: El estrés en la gestación es un problema de salud mental que puede incrementar el riesgo de las complicaciones maternas y perinatales. Objetivo: Determinar si el estrés durante el embarazo es un factor de riesgo para el bajo peso en el recién nacido. Métodos: Estudio no experimental, analítico de casos y controles, desarrollado en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, en el 2019. En el grupo caso se incluyeron a 37 recién nacidos con peso menor de 2500 g, y en el grupo control, a 74 recién nacidos con peso entre 2500 y 3999 g. Se utilizaron las pruebas estadísticas chi cuadrado, odds ratio (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95 %, y la de U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: El 43,3 % de los recién nacidos con bajo peso tuvieron una madre de 18 a 24 años y 91,9 % tuvo una madre que era ama de casa. El estado actual emocional fue más estresante en las madres de un recién nacido con bajo peso (x= 2,38 ± 1,3; p< 0,001), del mismo modo con los problemas relacionados al trabajo (x= 1,73 ± 1,3; p= 0,004). El estrés materno durante el embarazo se asoció al bajo peso del recién nacido. [p= 0,003; OR= 5,6; IC95 % = 1,6 - 19,7]. Conclusiones: El estrés materno es un factor de riesgo significativo para presentar bajo peso en el recién nacido, que eleva casi 6 veces la probabilidad de padecer esta complicación frente a la exposición del estrés.

Introducción: el fallo de medro es identificado en niños como crecimiento significativamente menor que sus semejantes. Objetivo: determinar los factores de riesgo predictores del fallo de medro en lactantes bajo peso al nacer egresados de la Sala de Piel a Piel durante el primer año de vida. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional analítico en la Sala de Piel a Piel del Hospital Ginecoobstétrico “Mariana Grajales” de Santa Clara durante los años 2014 y 2015. Se trabajó con la población de recién nacidos con peso al nacer menor de 2 000 gramos atendidos en esa sala y seguidos por consulta hasta el año de vida (120 pacientes). Resultados: presentaron fallo de medro 54 pacientes, para un 45% del total de casos estudiados. Predominó significativamente el peso al nacer entre 1 500 y 2 000 gramos en el 48,1% de los niños con desmedro. La lactancia materna resultó ser un factor que se asoció significativamente al fallo de medro. Conclusiones: el peso y la talla para la edad en el primer trimestre fueron los factores predictores del fallo de medro en los lactantes estudiados.

RESUMEN La reducción del bajo peso al nacer constituye una prioridad en el sistema nacional de salud en nuestro país por ser un determinante para disminuir la mortalidad infantil. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar los principales factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el municipio Yara. Provincia Granma. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, que incluyó a 26 gestantes que aportaron los nacimientos con bajo peso en el periodo de enero - diciembre 2017. Se analizaron las variables edad materna, evaluación nutricional al inicio del embarazo, edad gestacional al momento del parto, tipo de bajo peso, antecedentes patológicos materna y enfermedades asociadas con el embarazo. Se produjeron 567 nacimientos, de los cuales, 26 mostraron un peso inferior a 2500 gramos y un índice de bajo peso al nacer de 4,8 %. Los factores de riesgo más significativos fueron el parto pretérmino, con 17 neonatos (65,38 %), 19 (73,07 %) gestantes presentaron infección vaginal, 13 (50 %) sufrieron anemia y 10 (38,4 %) madres desarrollaron la enfermedad hipertensiva gestacional dentro de las enfermedades asociadas a la gestación, la hipertensión arterial resulto ser el antecedente patológico materno más significativo con 3 gestantes (11,53 %), entre las 32-36 semanas de gestación ocurrieron 18 nacimientos (69,23 %) y 16 gestantes con valoración nutricional normopeso al inicio de la gestación aportaron el mayor número de bajo peso (61,53 %). Se concluyó que la identificación y modificación precoz de los factores de riesgo podría disminuir la incidencia del bajo peso al nacer. Palabras clave: , , , , , , . ABSTRACT The reduction of low birth weight constitutes a priority in the national health system in our country because it is a determinant to reduce infant mortality. The objective of this study is to determine the main risk factors associated with low birth weight in the Yara municipality. Granma Province. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, which included 26 pregnant women who provided births with low weight in the period of January - December 2017. The variables of maternal age, nutritional assessment at the beginning of pregnancy, gestational age at the time of delivery were analyzed, type of low weight, maternal pathological history and diseases associated with pregnancy. There were 567 births, of which 26 showed a weight below 2500 grams and a low birth weight index of 4.8 %. The most significant risk factors were preterm delivery, with 17 neonates (65.38 %), 19 (73.07 %) pregnant women presented vaginal infection, 13 (50 %) suffered from anemia and 10 (38.4 %) mothers developed gestational hypertensive disease in the diseases associated with pregnancy, arterial hypertension was the most significant maternal pathological history with 3 pregnant women (11.53 %), between 32-36 weeks of gestation occurred 18 births (69.23 % ) and 16 pregnant women with normal weight nutritional assessment at the beginning of VERSION ON-LINE: ISSN 1028-4818 Multimed. Revista Médica. Granma RPNS-1853 939 pregnancy gave the highest number of low weight (61.53 %). It was concluded that the identification and early modification of risk factors could reduce the incidence of low birth weight.

Objective: To analyze the temperature pattern of low birth weight newborns admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Methodology: This is a cross-sectional and quantitative study conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a maternity hospital in Northeastern Brazil. The sample consisted of 45 low birth weight, very low birth weight or extremely low birth weight newborns admitted to the unit. Results: At admission, we obtained an axillary temperature average of 34.98°C with a standard deviation of 1.12. The hypothermia rate at the time of admission was considerably severe, so that in the first hour, with 06 hours and with 12 hours of hospitalization, the percentages of hypothermic newborns (<36.5°C) were respectively: 93.33%, 73.33 % and 57.78%. Conclusion: We found flaws in the processes when it comes to thermoregulation, given that almost the entire sample arrives with potential cold stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Low birth weight constitutes in the entire world and populational groups the most important index to determine the possibilities that the newborn has to survive and to have a healthy growth. Objective: To identify some social and biological risk factors associated with low birth weight in the health area from 30 de Noviembre Teaching Polyclinic in Santiago de Cuba during 2016. Methods: An analytic study of cases and controls was carried out. The 8 postpartum women who contributed with the same quantity of underweight newborns and as controls 16 of the mothers whose product of the conception had a normal weight in same period were chosen. Among the analyzed variables there were: maternal age, unfavorable obstetric history, associated previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, gestational age at childbirth and nutritional state. Results: Previous diseases and diseases characterizing pregnancy, fundamentally anemia and vaginal infection prevailed in the series; while preterm childbirth had a high statistical significance. Conclusions: Biological risk factors with greater association force were malnutrition defect during registration, the previous diseases and those associated with pregnancy; as long as, among the factors with statistical significance prematurity and the short intergenesis prevailed, what did not occur with the unfavorable obstetric history. Correlation existed between gestational age, low birth weight, the presence of preterm childbirths and the slowed intra-uterine growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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