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The effect of different high-pressure processing (HPP) treatments on casein micelles was analyzed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and a particle size distribution analysis. Raw whole and skim milk samples were subjected to HPP treatments at 400, 500 and 600 MPa for Come-Up Times (CUT) up to 15 min at ambient temperature. Three different phenomena were observed in the casein micelles: fragmentation, alterations to shape and agglomeration. The particle size distribution analysis determined that, as pressure and time treatment increased, the three phenomena intensified. First, the size of the casein micelles began to decrease as their fragmentation occurred. Subsequently, the casein micelles lost roundness, and their shape deformed. Finally, in the most intense treatments (higher pressures and/or longer times), the micelles fragments began to agglomerate, which resulted in an increase in their average diameter. Homogenization and defatting had no significant effect on the casein micelles; however, the presence of fat in whole milk samples was bioprotective, as the effects of the three phenomena appeared faster in treated skim milk samples. Through this study, it was concluded that the size and structure of casein micelles are greatly altered during high-pressure treatment. These results provide information that broadens the understanding of the changes induced on casein micelles by high-pressure treatments at room temperature.

In a world that changes very fast, it is necessary that educational models evolve at the same speed and that teachers are increasingly prepared and open to deal with current problems. Tecnologico de Monterrey has implemented the Tec21 Educational Model based on four fundamental pillars: (a) Challenge-Based Learning (CBL); (b) flexibility; (c) trained, inspiring teachers, and (d) memorable, integrated educational experiences. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results of the implementation of CBL experiences in two engineering areas within the campus, namely, Mechatronics and Biotechnology. In this article, we first present how a group of teachers adopted CBL as a teaching technique, and second, we describe the implementation of flexible education with external training partners using CBL in “FIT” (Flexible Technology, Interactive) courses. We also analyze various ways to assess the impact of digital technology tools like CANVAS, REMIND, ZOOM, and eLUMEN on competencies. The results of this research indicated that students acquire more knowledge in CBL classes; however, the teachers require an adequate training program and must have previously designed proficiency assessment instruments. The testing of various evaluation instruments found that checklists and evaluation rubrics were the most suitable, objective, and transparent in CBL classes, according to the surveys of teachers and students.

espanolFundamento. Analizar que alimentos y bebidas, de los que se incluyen con mas frecuencia en la publicidad buzoneada por los supermercados en el Principado de Asturias, pueden ser considerados prescindibles para el consumo de la poblacion, y comparar su precio con el de los alimentos esenciales. Metodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal, de la publicidad buzoneada en siete domicilios de Asturias (Espana) por cuatro cadenas de supermercados entre julio y diciembre de 2018. Se registro el tipo de producto, su clasificacion como esencial o prescindible y su precio, comparandolos entre cadenas de supermercados. Resultados. Se identificaron 14.314 productos. “Dulces, bolleria, chocolates, azucares y edulcorantes” (15,3 %), “leche y derivados” (9,7 %), “carnes procesadas” y “bebidas alcoholicas” (8,9 % cada categoria) y “precocinados” (8,4 %). Se observo un predominio de productos considerados prescindibles (61,9 %). Se observaron diferencias significativas en cuanto al tipo de producto segun la cadena comercial. El precio medio de los productos esenciales fue menor que el de los prescindibles, tanto globalmente como en cada cadena comercial, siendo la diferencia significativa en una de ellas. Conclusiones. En la publicidad buzoneada por los supermercados en los domicilios de Asturias predominan los productos considerados como prescindibles desde el punto de vista de la salud como ricos en azucar, carnes procesadas y alcohol. En sentido positivo destaca que el precio de los productos esenciales, como frutas y verduras frescas, fue, de media, significativamente menor que el de los prescindibles. EnglishBackground. To analyze which foods and beverages, frequently included in advertising mail delivered by supermarkets in the Principality of Asturias, can be considered essential for consumption by the population, as well as to compare their price with that of essential products. Methods. Cross-sectional, descriptive study of supermarket sales circulars delivered to seven homes in Asturias (Spain) by four supermarket chains from July to December 2018. Type of product, its classification as essential or non-essential and mean price of the advertised product were registered. Results. The study identified 14,314 products, mostly belonging to the categories: “cakes, pastries, chocolate, sugar, and sweeteners” (15.3 %), “milk and milk derivatives” (9.7 %), “processed meats”.and “alcoholic beverages” (8.9 % each) and “ready-made” (8.4 %). Products considered to be non-essential were found to predominate (61.9 %). Significant differences in product type were observed between supermarket chains. Essential products had a lower mean price than the non-essential products, both overall and for each supermarket chain, and was significantly lower for one of them. . Conclusions. Products which are non-essential from the point of view of health, such as sugar-rich products, processed meats, and alcoholic beverages, dominated the advertising mail delivered door-to-door by supermarkets in the Principality of Asturias. On a positive note, the prices of essential products, such as fresh fruit and vegetables, were, on average, significantly lower than the prices of non-essential products.

Resumen: Objetivo: Evaluar la composición nutricional de las máquinas vending (MV) localizadas en edificios públicos y hospitales en Asturias. Diseño: Descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento: Se analizaron las MV ubicadas en edificios públicos, hospitales y centros universitarios de Asturias. Mediciones principales: Se realizó un mapeo de los edificios y posteriormente se acudió a cada uno de ellos para comprobar la presencia de MV, en cuyo caso se tomó una fotografía de los alimentos contenidos en ellas. Las variables analizadas fueron la ubicación, el tipo de alimento y su composición nutricional. Resultados: Se incluyeron 215 alimentos identificados en 19 edificios, 12 universitarios y 7 hospitalarios, y se agruparon en 11 categorías. Los más frecuentes fueron los «chocolates y chocolatinas» (30,2%), «galletas» (11,6%) y «patatas fritas» (11,6%). La media de kcal fue de 216 (DE = 133,1). La media, en gramos de grasas 12,52 (DE = 11,21), grasas saturadas 4,48 (DE = 3,83), azúcares 11,88 (DE = 31,13), fibra 1,9 (DE = 2,47), proteínas 3,38 (DE = 3,62) y sal 0,3 (DE = 0,62). Se observó un exceso alto de grasa, grasa saturada y sal, y medio de azúcares. Conclusiones: La calidad nutricional de las MV de los hospitales y centros universitarios públicos del Principado de Asturias no puede ser definida como saludable. Por tanto, se podrían desarrollar estrategias de promoción de la salud con el objetivo de mejorar su composición nutricional u orientar a la población hacia la selección y consumo de alimentos saludables. Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the nutritional composition of food vending machines (VM) located in university public buildings and hospitals in Asturias. Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Location: The analysis was made of the contents of VMs located in public buildings, hospitals, and university teaching centres in the Principality of Asturias. Main measurements: After the public buildings were mapped, each of them was visited to check for the presence of the VMs. A a photograph was then taken of the food contained in them. The variables analysed were the type of products and their nutritional composition. Results: The VMs of 19 buildings (12 university and 7 hospital), contained 215 foods that were grouped into 11 categories. The most frequent were “chocolates and chocolate bars” (30,2%), “cookies” (11.6%) and “chips” (11.6%). The Kcal average was 216 (SD = 133.1). The mean fat, in grams was 12.52 (SD = 11.21), saturated fat 4.48 (SD = 3,83), sugars 11.88 (SD = 31.13), fibre 1.9 (SD = 2.47), proteins 3.38 (SD = 3.62), and salt 0.3 (SD = 0.62). A high excess of fat, saturated fat, and salt was observed, as well as a medium excess of sugars. Conclusions: The nutritional quality of VM in hospitals and public university centres of the Principality of Asturias cannot be defined as healthy. Therefore, health promotion strategies could be developed with the aim of improving their nutritional composition or guiding the population/users towards the selection and consumption of healthier foods. Palabras clave: Dieta, Medio ambiente y salud publica, Promoción de la salud, Alimentos, Comercialización de productos, Keywords: Diet, Environment and public health, Health promotion, Food, Products Commerce

The purpose of this study is to explore how a high-impact outreach project with renowned international organizations contributes to the development of students’ self-confidence and leadership in STEM areas. The conclusion of this research, using quantitative measures, yielded outstanding results in two skills expected to develop working on projects related to STEM. In addition, other solid results showed that students who develop this type of projects increase the perspective of their professional approach and they inspire students to continue participating in projects that challenge them both personally and professionally.

Gender equity and inclusion have been relevant topics in the agenda of the companies, organizations and universities. As a university and particularly with engineering, science and technology programs, it is relevant to implement actions that encourage this culture of gender equity in a STEM environment. The main initiatives are related to mentoring programs, which seek to develop and empower women through women themselves. The research aims to identify the factors that influence the impact generated by the mentoring process in the different stakeholders: teachers, researchers and high school students. The mentoring model is composed of three key elements: (a) massive session with life testimonies of engineering and science students, (b) massive session with the testimonies of mentors and mentees, and (c) the mentoring sessions in small groups or one-to-one. The methodology is of a mixed nature and is composed of 4 stages: (1)design of the mentoring program based on the research of literature review and interviews with companies that has experience in mentoring programs, (2) implementation of the mentoring program with high school students and women STEM professors mentors, (3) evaluation of the impact of the program with interviews with mentors, observation, focus groups with mentors and mentees, and surveys, (4) definition of the impact factors and improvement areas of the program. The findings in the different stages allowed to integrate the factors that impact the mentoring process and its involved stakeholders. Some of the factors that influence the impact of the mentoring program are: the role of the mentor and its characteristics, the mentee profile, its commitments and interests, the impact of the life testimony both professional and personal, the type of needs that arise for the mentees and for the mentors, the time of attention, and the interaction.

In August 2019, the national initiative Women in Engineering and Sciences (MIC) was launched with the objective of raising awareness and monitoring gender equity, equal opportunities and women empowerment. This project, led by a group of professors, hopes to accompany, support and join efforts, for a stronger impact within our academic community. This study presents the work of the linking committee towards the empowerment of women engineers through linked experiences. The methodology of this work includes: 1) integrating a multi-campus team to work in the engagement and linking committee, 2) identifying internal efforts towards the empowerment of women, as well as external efforts in companies, organizations and other universities through research and interviews, and mapping the networking ecosystem 3) analyze the information to identify key partners for collaborative projects, and 4) create a community by implementing Lean In circles (leanin.org) and replicate the project at other campuses. The work done and the reflections hope to be a roadmap and source of inspiration to other engineering institutions working towards a culture of gender equality and women empowerment.

[EN] The use of multimedia in education has become a basic tool for educators. As Millennials and Generation Z use technology in their everyday life, the educational model has been shifting towards the use of multimedia and technology to enhance the active learning process. The objective of this project was to design, produce and implement short educational or instructional videos to present content with a more active approach and measure the impact on their understanding and preference. A video with the content of graduation requirements was produced, shared with 240 seniors of Engineering Academic Programs. The results show that 97% of the students liked the video and the way the content was shared and 91.6% of the students find the video format useful. The results show that the learning process was active and effective. The exit poll also shows that 97% of the students think that there should be more educational videos on some other processes. This project included the design, production and implementation of 18 videos. This research describes the approach and impact of using short videos in engineering and transition from a traditional method of sharing content to students to a more active learning environment., The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support of Writing Lab, Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Mexico, in the production of this work.

Purpose: In the context of soccer clubs, to analyze the concordance between players' actual weight, their self-perceived weight, and their weight as perceived by their parents; to determine which variables might explain the presence of concordance between parents' perception of adolescents' weight and their actual weight. Design and study: A cross-sectional study involving 330 soccer players aged between 13 and 16. Data on personal characteristics of adolescents and parents were analyzed, as well as parents' perceptions of adolescents' weight status and their self-perception. A descriptive analysis of the personal characteristics of the sample (adolescents and parents) and an analysis of the variables explaining the presence of concordance between the parents' perception of adolescents' weight and their actual weight were performed. Results: 19% of the adolescents were overweight and 3.4% were obese. The concordance between parents' perceptions of players' weight and players' actual weight was weak. The concordance between adolescents' self-perceived weight and their actual weight was moderate. The difference in BMI scores according to presence or absence of concordance was statistically significant: these scores were higher in the absence of concordance. Discordance between adolescents' weight and their parents' perception of their weight was associated with parents having lower levels of education. Conclusion: A high percentage of parents and players misperceived their actual weight. This discrepancy was associated with higher BMI scores for adolescents. Practice implications: Nurses should include promotion of accurate weight perception in educational interventions on excess weight.

Diet and physical activity are prioritised in behavioural interventions given their influence on major child health issues. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of an educational intervention, based on the Behaviour Change Wheel model, on adherence to healthy eating habits in adolescent soccer players in Asturias, Spain.This pilot study involved 319 soccer players (mean age=14.19 years; SD=1.089), who were distributed into a control group (CG) and an intervention group (IG). The response variables were: the usage rate of, adherence to, and acquisition of knowledge of the Mediterranean diet. The intervention included posters, a web-app, and practical activities.The mean score on the knowledge questionnaire was 2.53 for the CG and 3.42 for the IG (p.001). A weak direct correlation was observed between diet knowledge and KIDMED scores (r =.222, p =.013). The total pre-test KIDMED (p.001) and diet knowledge ( p =.05) scores explained approximately 33% of the total post-test KIDMED score.The combined use of posters and a web app as intervention tools have been shown to be feasible in order to provide information on healthy eating habits to adolescents who play soccer and to help them maintain those eating habits.

In this study, the supercritical CO2-based extraction approach was used from the green technologies to extract Oregano oil (Origanum vulgare L.). A Taguchi experimental design was applied to evaluate the effect of pressure, temperature and ethanol as co-solvent. High yield of oregano oil (13.40%) was obtained at 40 °C, 100 bar and 8 g min-1 of co-solvent flow. Fatty acids profile include α-linolenic, palmitic, oleic and linoleic that contribute to 70.9-76.8% of total fatty acids. Volatile compounds including carvacrol (29.99%), heneicosane (8.21%), nonacosane (11.78%), docosane (7.18%), borneol (4.35%) and thymol (4.51%) were the main compounds identified. Antimicrobial activity assays showed that extracts obtained at 40 °C were highly efficient against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. Highest antioxidant activities on DPPH and FRAP assays were reached under 8 g min-1 of co-solvent flow (6.08 and 6.89 μmol TE g-1 extract, respectively). On the other hand, antioxidant activity (35.76 μmol TE g-1) on ABTS assay was improved at 40 °C, 100 bar, and 4 g min-1 of co-solvent flow.

This study tries to explore the coincident steps in how to engage students in research among engineering and business courses. At the qualitative part of the study seven steps were found to be coincident. The quantitative part showed the excellent results in the research and learning outcomes. It can be said that students learning experience was motivating and positively described by them; their confidence towards making research was also increased and the entire curricula of the course, covered.

Introduction: Diet and physical activity are factors that have key roles in childhood overweight and obesity prevention. Appropriate assessment of these factors is an essential task in public health. Objective: The main aims of the study are to assess body composition, physical activity, and adherence to Mediterranean diet of soccer players, aged 13 to 16 years old in Asturias, Spain. It also aims to evaluate the relationships between diet, physical activity, body composition, and personal characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey approach was used involving children (n = 303) with a mean age of 14.15 years (SD = 1.06), and using the KIDMED and PAQ-A questionnaires to assess adherence to Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity, respectively. Body composition was represented using the participants’ body mass index. Results: Approximately 23.1% of the participants were overweight or obese. With regards to adherence to Mediterranean diet, 54.8% of the participants had medium adherence, while 8.9% had low adherence. PAQ-A mean score was 2.69 (SD = 0.47). Excess weight was associated with being a goalkeeper (P = .001), higher PAQ-A (P = .011), and lower KIDMED scores (P = .032). Correlation analysis showed an inverse association between age and PAQ-A score (r = −0.122), and a direct association between KIDMED and PAQ-A scores (r = 0.152). Conclusion: Participants had an adequate level of physical activity. However, they had an obesogenic profile similar to that of their age population, who were not soccer players. Actions to improve adherence to healthy diet practices are highly recommended. Resumen: Introducción: La dieta y la actividad física son dos conductas que juegan un papel clave en la aparición de sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil. Es una tarea esencial en salud pública el análisis de su prevalencia en diferentes contextos. Objetivo: Describir la composición corporal, el nivel de actividad física y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea, de jugadores de fútbol, de 13 a 16 años de Asturias. Secundariamente, determinar la relación entre dieta, actividad física, composición corporal y variables personales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Participaron 303 niños, con una edad media de 14,15 años (DE = 1,06). Se analizaron adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y nivel de actividad física con los cuestionarios KIDMED y PAQ-A respectivamente y se estableció su composición corporal de acuerdo con su índice de masa corporal. Resultados: Un 23,1% de los participantes presentó exceso de peso. El 54,8% y 8,9% tenían una adherencia media o baja respectivamente a la dieta mediterránea. La puntuación media del PAQ-A fue de 2,69 (DE = 0,47). El exceso de peso se asoció con jugar de portero (p = 0,001), mayor puntuación de PAQ-A (p = 0,011) y menor de KIDMED (p = 0,032). El análisis de correlación presentó una asociación inversa entre edad y puntuación de PAQ-A (r = −0,122) y directa entre las puntuaciones de KIDMED e PAQ-A (r = 0,152). Conclusiones: Los participantes en el estudio mostraron un adecuado nivel de actividad física. Sin embargo, presentaron un perfil obesogénico similar al de población de su edad y una potencial acción de mejora sobre la adherencia a las recomendaciones de la dieta saludable.

Resumen Introduccion Los ninos que son sometidos a quimioterapia en el contexto de un cancer presentan necesidades especiales de vacunacion una vez finalizado el tratamiento. El objetivo de este trabajo es evaluar la adaptacion de los calendarios de vacunacion posquimioterapia en una poblacion pediatrica. Metodo Estudio observacional de una cohorte retrospectiva. Se incluyeron todos los ninos entre 0 y 14 anos que recibieron quimioterapia en un hospital de tercer nivel entre 2009 y 2015. Se aplicaron criterios de inclusion/exclusion. Se siguieron las indicaciones oficiales del Comite Asesor de Vacunas de la Asociacion Espanola de Pediatria para estas situaciones. Se consulto el registro de vacunacion de Atencion Primaria y el de la Unidad de Vacunas del Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Publica del centro sanitario. Resultados De los 99 ninos que recibieron quimioterapia, se incluyeron en el estudio 51. El 70,6% fueron varones. El 54,9% padecian un tumor de organo solido y el 45,1% un tumor hematologico. El 70,6% tenia registrada alguna vacuna tras el tratamiento. Las vacunas administradas con mayor frecuencia fueron: difteria-tetanos-tosferina o difteria-tetanos (54,9%), meningococo C (41,2%) y la gripe estacional (39,2%). La tasa de adaptacion de calendario posquimioterapia fue del 9,8%. La vacuna frente a neumococo conjugada 7v o 13v fue administrada en el 21,6% de los ninos evaluados, sin embargo, solo se completo con polisacarida 23v en el 17,6% de los casos. Ninguno recibio vacunacion frente a hepatitis A. No se encontraron diferencias estadisticamente significativas entre el cumplimiento del calendario y el tipo de tumor (p = 0,066), el sexo (p = 0,304) o la edad (p = 0,342). Conclusion Existe un importante margen de mejora en la adaptacion de la vacunacion posquimioterapia en ninos con cancer. La participacion de los profesionales en programas de formacion y la derivacion de estos pacientes a las Unidades de Vacunas podria mejorar la tasa de adaptacion garantizando una correcta inmunizacion en estos ninos.

Introduction Children undergoing chemotherapy for cancer have special vaccination needs after completion of the treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the adaptation of post-chemotherapy vaccination schedules. Method An observational study was performed on a retrospective cohort that included all children aged from 0 to 14 years, who completed chemotherapy in a tertiary hospital between 2009 and 2015. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. Immunisation was administered in accordance with the guidelines of the Vaccine Advisory Committee of the Spanish Association of Paediatrics. Primary Care immunisation and clinical records of the Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department were reviewed. Results Of the 99 children who had received chemotherapy, 51 (70.6% males) were included in the study. As regards the type of tumour, 54.9% had a solid organ tumour, and 45.1% had a haematological tumour. Post-chemotherapy immunisation was administered to 70.6%. The most common vaccines received were: diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis or diphtheria-tetanus (54.9%), meningococcus C (41.2%), and seasonal influenza (39.2%). The rate of adaptation of the immunisation schedule after chemotherapy was 9.8%. The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against 7v or 13v was administered to 21.6% of study subjects. However, only 17.6% received polysaccharide 23v. None received vaccination against hepatitis A. No statistically significant differences were observed between adherence to immunisation schedules and type of tumour (p = .066), gender (p = .304), or age (p = .342). Conclusion Post-chemotherapy immunisation of children with cancer is poor. The participation of health professionals in training programmes and referral of paediatric cancer patients to Vaccine Units could improve the rate of schedule adaptation and proper immunisation of this population.

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is a widely discussed concept even at levels such as the World Economic Forum (WEF). The need for higher education to respond to this is urgent, since the power of new 4IR technologies on positive social impacts or devastating damage to the environment is already upon us. Substantial changes to the science and technology curriculum are required to allow students to develop skills in the specific areas of Biotechnology, Genomics, Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, Sustainability and Nanomaterials. Biotechnology and Sustainability are gaining more interest in all sectors, including education. Sustainable Development is one of the transversal knowledge and skills in the world of Engineering that has the potential to redesign education in the 4IR. In this study, we present the results of the implementation of a subject, Biology and Sustainable Development, available for all the academic programs of engineering within the framework of the new model Tec21, a flexible educational model. Our results show that granting the subject in the classroom either in person or in a synchronous digital system through FIT courses (Flexible, Interactive, and Technology) is of great importance for future studies of engineering students, regardless of the program they are enrolled in. Only the design of this type of materials based on the 4IR can prepare students for the new challenges facing the Engineering of the 21st Century.

Dieta mediterrània; Activitat física; Nens; Futbol; Obesitat Dieta mediterránea; Actividad física; Ninos; Fútbol; Obesidad Mediterranean diet; Physical activity; Children; Soccer; Obesity Introducción: La dieta y la actividad física son 2 conductas que juegan un papel clave en la aparición de sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil. Es una tarea esencial en salud pública el análisis de su prevalencia en diferentes contextos. Objetivo: Describir la composición corporal, el nivel de actividad física y la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea de jugadores de fútbol de 13 a 16 años de Asturias. Secundariamente, determinar la relación entre dieta, actividad física, composición corporal y variables personales. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. Participaron 303 niños, con una edad media de 14,15 años (DE = 1,06). Se analizaron la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea y el nivel de actividad física con los cuestionarios KIDMED y PAQ-A, respectivamente, y se estableció su composición corporal de acuerdo con su índice de masa corporal. Resultados: Un 23,1% de los participantes presentó exceso de peso. El 54,8% y el 8,9% tenían una adherencia media o baja, respectivamente, a la dieta mediterránea. La puntuación media del PAQ-A fue de 2,69 (DE = 0,47). El exceso de peso se asoció con jugar de portero (p = 0,001), mayor puntuación de PAQ-A (p = 0,011) y menor de KIDMED (p = 0,032). El análisis de correlación presentó una asociación inversa entre edad y puntuación de PAQ-A (r = −0,122) y directa entre las puntuaciones de KIDMED e PAQ-A (r = 0,152). Conclusiones: Los participantes en el estudio mostraron un adecuado nivel de actividad física. Sin embargo, presentaron un perfil obesogénico similar al de la población de su edad y una potencial necesidad de mejora sobre la adherencia a las recomendaciones de la dieta saludable. Introduction: Diet and physical activity are factors that have key roles in childhood overweight and obesity prevention. Appropriate assessment of these factors is an essential task in public health. Objective: The main aims of the study are to assess body composition, physical activity, and adherence to Mediterranean diet of soccer players, aged 13 to 16 years old in Asturias, Spain. It also aims to evaluate the relationships between diet, physical activity, body composition, and personal characteristics. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive survey approach was used involving children (n = 303) with a mean age of 14.15 years (SD = 1.06), and using the KIDMED and PAQ-A questionnaires to assess adherence to Mediterranean diet and level of physical activity, respectively. Body composition was represented using the participants’ body mass index. Results: Approximately 23.1% of the participants were overweight or obese. With regards to adherence to Mediterranean diet, 54.8% of the participants had medium adherence, while 8.9% had low adherence. PAQ-A mean score was 2.69 (SD = 0.47). Excess weight was associated with being a goalkeeper (P = .001), higher PAQ-A (P = .011), and lower KIDMED scores (P = .032). Correlation analysis showed an inverse association between age and PAQ-A score (r = −0.122), and a direct association between KIDMED and PAQ-A scores (r = 0.152). Conclusion: Participants had an adequate level of physical activity. However, they had an obesogenic profile similar to that of their age population, who were not soccer players. Actions to improve adherence to healthy diet practices are highly recommended.

One of the greatest challenges of higher education is to provide high quality human resources for a dynamic labour market with an increasing rate of technological change and globalization towards the Fourth Industrial Revolution where new competencies are required. To prepare these professionals, Tecnologico de Monterrey has implemented the Tec21 Educational Model, focused on a comprehensive education based on disciplinary and transversal competencies through the didactic technique of Challenge Based Learning. This study shows the results of a “cable car” challenge in which first-year engineering students of the Mechanical and Mechatronics programs took part. The challenge consisted on the design and manufacture of a functional prototype of a small-scale cable car utilizing CAD software and 3D printing. Competencies such as collaborative work, intellectual curiosity and passion for learning were increased. The results showed the participation and satisfaction of the students with the challenge and the competition. There was a strong relationship between the hard and soft skills developed with the challenge and its application to real-life problems in the industry. This type of experience involves students as protagonists of the learning process, encouraging them to direct their own journey of lifelong learning.

espanolSe presenta un caso clinico de un paciente con elefantiasis y ulceras sobreinfectadas en ambas extremidades inferiores, incluyendo una valoracion enfermera, diagnosticos prioritarios, plan de cuidados, justificacion del tratamiento elegido y la evolucion posterior. La evidencia de infeccion de las ulceras planteo la necesidad de instaurar una terapia con cadexomero yodado para tratar localmente la infeccion, e hidrogel para evitar la formacion de biopeliculas. Transcurrido un mes del alta del paciente se realizo un seguimiento en el que se observo una evolucion favorable con aumento de tejido de granulacion y tejido epitelial en varias de las lesiones presentes, por lo que se valoro de forma favorable el procedimiento de cura en ambiente humedo; la mejora en los habitos higienico-dieteticos se completo por parte del paciente. EnglishWe present the clinical case of a patient with elephantiasis and superinfected ulcers in both lower limbs, including the Nursing assessment, primary diagnosis, plan of care, justification for the treatment selected, and subsequent evolution. The evidence of ulcer infection required to initiate therapy with cadexomer iodine in order to treat the infection locally, and hydrogel to prevent the formation of biofilms. Follow-up was conducted one month after the patient was discharged, and favourable evolution was observed, with an increase in granulation tissue and epithelial tissue in many of the lesions; therefore, the procedure of healing in a moist environment was assessed as favourable, and the improvement in hygienic-dietary habits was completed by the patient.

The availability of online courses has increased dramatically; however, the effectiveness of online teaching remains uncertain. The Tecnologico de Monterrey has implemented the Tec21 educational model that includes online teaching with the modality of the FIT courses (Flexibility, Interaction and Technology), a type of well-designed courses using the CANVAS web-based platform and using ZOOM as a tool for communication with students. To compare the objective learning outcomes between a FIT course and a face-to-face course (Microbiology for Engineering), an analysis was made between these two types of courses, with the same or different instructor. Our results clearly indicate that the grades of the students enrolled in the FIT groups were higher than those of the classroom courses. These results were confirmed when the historical record files of both types of teaching were examined. Satisfaction surveys however revealed that students prefer face-to-face courses to online courses. Our data implies that it is necessary to work more on the tools of the distance-learning courses to make them extremely attractive and interesting for students.

In this study, the supercritical CO

One focus of interest in the development of products and processes of the food industry is related to the reduction in the use of additives that could have negative effects on consumer health. This view called cleaning nutritional label is aimed at the partial or total substitution of additives by other factors that do not have these negative effects and maintain the safety and quality of the products processed. The high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is one of the new conservation factors used to reduce the content of sodium chloride and nitrites in meat products. HHP technology is increasingly being applied to produce safe with high quality and minimal effects on food sensory and nutritional characteristics. In this context the present review describes the current status in the development of processed meat products, specifically ham, as well as alternative use of high pressure in the product and its future development prospects.

Resumen Objetivo Evaluar la composición nutricional de las máquinas vending (MV) localizadas en edificios públicos y hospitales en Asturias. Diseño Descriptivo transversal. Emplazamiento Se analizaron las MV ubicadas en edificios públicos, hospitales y centros universitarios de Asturias. Mediciones principales Se realizó un mapeo de los edificios y posteriormente se acudió a cada uno de ellos para comprobar la presencia de MV, en cuyo caso se tomó una fotografía de los alimentos contenidos en ellas. Las variables analizadas fueron la ubicación, el tipo de alimento y su composición nutricional. Resultados Se incluyeron 215 alimentos identificados en 19 edificios, 12 universitarios y 7 hospitalarios, y se agruparon en 11 categorías. Los más frecuentes fueron los «chocolates y chocolatinas» (30,2%), «galletas» (11,6%) y «patatas fritas» (11,6%). La media de kcal fue de 216 (DE = 133,1). La media, en gramos de grasas 12,52 (DE = 11,21), grasas saturadas 4,48 (DE = 3,83), azúcares 11,88 (DE = 31,13), fibra 1,9 (DE = 2,47), proteínas 3,38 (DE = 3,62) y sal 0,3 (DE = 0,62). Se observó un exceso alto de grasa, grasa saturada y sal, y medio de azúcares. Conclusiones La calidad nutricional de las MV de los hospitales y centros universitarios públicos del Principado de Asturias no puede ser definida como saludable. Por tanto, se podrían desarrollar estrategias de promoción de la salud con el objetivo de mejorar su composición nutricional u orientar a la población hacia la selección y consumo de alimentos saludables.

Vacuum impregnation (VI) can be used to obtain minimally processed fruits, intermediate moisture products, and functional foods, and to improve different food preservation processes. In VI, a porous solid (food) is immersed in a concentrated solution and submitted to a pressure below atmospheric pressure, followed by restoration to atmospheric conditions. Osmotic pressure differences between the solution and the food or chemical potential gradient between the solution and the intracellular fluid act as the driving force for water removal. During impregnation, food acts as a semipermeable membrane in which water is lost mainly due to osmo-diffusion and capillary flow phenomena. VI reduces water activity in foods allows obtaining foods of intermediate moisture content, and it is also used as a pretreatment before drying or freezing to increase quality of final products. Different ingredients can be incorporated into the porous structure of foods to generate compositional changes to improve quality and to achieve stability requirements. Beneficial microorganisms and compounds like minerals, vitamins, and phytochemicals can also be incorporated into the food matrix, which can lead to functional products with improved characteristics.

Prickly pear beverages prepared with 10 % peel and 90 % pulp (Cristal and Rojo San Martin varieties) either with (A) or without (N) the incorporation of acids and antimicrobials (0.3 g sodium benzoate, 0.15 g sodium sorbate, 1.4 g fumaric acid, 0.4 g tartaric acid and 0.3 g sodium citrate per liter of beverage) were treated with high hydrostatic pressure (HHP, 400 or 550 MPa, room temperature, 0–16 min), or heat sterilization (131 °C/2 s). The effect of these treatments on the content of vitamin C, total phenolic (TP), flavonoids and betalains, as well as the antioxidant activity (AOX) was evaluated. Prickly pear beverages prepared from Cristal (A) and Rojo San Martin (A and N) varieties processed at 550 MPa/t ≥ 2 min showed significant increase (p

Arthrospira platensis was used to obtain functional extracts through supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE-CO2). Pressure (P), temperature (T), co-solvent (CX), static extraction (SX), dispersant (Di) and dynamic extraction (DX) were evaluated as process parameters through a Plackett–Burman design. The maximum extract yield obtained was 7.48 ± 0.15% w/w. The maximum contents of bioactive metabolites in extracts were 0.69 ± 0.09 µg/g of riboflavin, 5.49 ± 0.10 µg/g of α-tocopherol, 524.46 ± 0.10 µg/g of β-carotene, 1.44 ± 0.10 µg/g of lutein and 32.11 ± 0.12 mg/g of fatty acids with 39.38% of palmitic acid, 20.63% of linoleic acid and 30.27% of γ-linolenic acid. A. platensis extracts had an antioxidant activity of 76.47 ± 0.71 µg GAE/g by Folin–Ciocalteu assay, 0.52 ± 0.02, 0.40 ± 0.01 and 1.47 ± 0.02 µmol TE/g by DPPH, FRAP and TEAC assays, respectively. These extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Overall, co-solvent was the most significant factor for all measured effects (p < 0.05). Arthrospira platensis represents a sustainable source of bioactive compounds through SFE using the following extraction parameters P: 450 bar, CX: 11 g/min, SX: 15 min, DX: 25 min, T: 60 °C and Di: 35 g. Published version

Traditional medicine has led to the discovery of important active substances used in several health-related areas. Phytochemicals in Rhoeo discolor extracts have proven to have important antimicrobial activity. In the present study, our group determined the antimicrobial effects of extracts of Rhoeo discolor, a plant commonly used in Mexico for both medicinal and ornamental purposes. We evaluated the in vitro activity of phenolic rich extracts against specifically chosen microorganisms of human health importance by measuring their susceptibility via agar-disc diffusion assay and flow cytometry: Gram-positive Listeria innocua and Streptococcus mutans, Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and lastly a fungal pathogen Candida albicans. Ten different extracts were tested in eight different doses on all the microorganisms. Analytical data revealed a high content of phenolic compounds. Both agar-disc diffusion assay and flow cytometry results demonstrated that Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the least affected by extract exposure. However, low doses of these extracts (predominantly polar), in a range from 1 to 4 μg/mL, did produce a statistically significant bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect on the rest of the microorganisms. These results suggest the addition of certain natural extracts from Rhoeo discolor could act as antibacterial and antimycotic drugs or additives for foods and cosmetics.

The effect of pH reduction (from 6·30-6·45 to 4·22-4·46) and the addition of antimicrobial compounds (sodium benzoate and potassium sorbate) on the inhibition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Escherichia coli in prickly pear beverages formulated with the pulp and peel of Villanueva (V, Opuntia albicarpa) and Rojo Vigor (RV, Opuntia ficus-indica) varieties during 14 days of storage at 25°C, was evaluated. RV variety presented the highest microbial inhibition. By combining pH reduction and preservatives, reductions of 6·2-log10 and 2·3-log10 for E. coli and S. cerevisiae were achieved respectively. Due to the low reduction of S. cerevisiae, pulsed electric fields (PEF) (11-15 μs/25-50 Hz/27-36 kV cm(-1)) was applied as another preservation factor. The combination of preservatives, pH reduction and PEF at 13-15 μs/25-50 Hz for V variety, and 11 μs/50 Hz, 13-15 μs/25-50 Hz for RV, had a synergistic effect on S. cerevisiae inhibition, achieving at least 3·4-log10 of microbial reduction immediately after processing, and more than 5-log10 at fourth day of storage at 25°C maintained this reduction during 21 days of storage (P > 0·05). Hurdle technology using PEF in combination with other factors is adequate to maintain stable prickly pear beverages during 21 days/25°C. Significance and impact of the study: Prickly pear is a fruit with functional value, with high content of nutraceuticals and antioxidant activity. Functional beverages formulated with the pulp and peel of this fruit represent an alternative for its consumption. Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are micro-organisms that typically affect fruit beverage quality and safety. The food industry is looking for processing technologies that maintain quality without compromising safety. Hurdle technology, including pulsed electric fields (PEF) could be an option to achieve this. The combination of PEF, pH reduction and preservatives is an alternative to obtain safe and minimally processed prickly pear beverages with convenient shelf-life.