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Treatment of patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has affected the management of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study was to compare the diagnosis delay, symptoms, and stage of patients with CRC during the pandemic with a control cohort.Patients referred to the CRC multidisciplinary team between September 2019 and January 2020 (cohort 1, control group) were compared with those who presented between September 2020 and March 2021 (cohort 2, pandemic group).389 patients were included, 169 in cohort 1 and 220 in cohort 2. No differences were observed in the main characteristics of the patients. CRC screening and anaemia were the most common causes leading to the diagnosis of the tumour in cohort 1 and 2, respectively (CRC patients in the pandemic cohort had a longer diagnostic and therapeutic delay and less patients were diagnosed because of CRC screening. In addition, patients with CRC during the pandemic needed non-elective treatment more frequently than patients in the control cohort, and their tumour stage tended to be more advanced.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected training opportunities for healthcare professionals partly because face to face courses were cancelled. This study analyzes the results of participation and satisfaction of the AEC Virtual Classroom sessions during the first year.The AEC Virtual Classroom includes a combined format of weekly Webinar broadcast live that can be viewed on a delayed basis in a virtual platform. In this study, the results in its first year are evaluated considering the number of live participants, the delayed views and the global reach; as well as the results of the satisfaction survey in each of the sessions (0-10).From 16/04/2020 to 15/04/2021, 50 sessions of the Virtual Classroom AEC were held. The average scope of the sessions was 509 ± 288 views with a range between 196 and 149. At the times of highest incidence of cases during the pandemic, a decrease in live participants was observed 275 ± 135 vs. 391 ± 233 (P = 0.032). The mean score on the format was 8.46 ± 0.31/10. The best-scored sessions were those of the subject related to coloproctology with a statistically significant difference in the mean score 8.79 ± 0.42 vs. 8.39 ± 0.27 (P = 0.035). 90% of users considered the sessions useful. 97.2% of respondents believe that the sessions should be maintained after the pandemic.The AEC Virtual Classroom has had very good results in the first year, proving to be a useful surgical teaching tool that will foreseeably survive once the pandemic is over.

Indocyanine green (ICG) guided lymphadenectomy has been proposed has a technique to improve the lymphadenectomy of patients with gastric cancer. Nevertheless, experience with this procedure is scarce in Western countries.A retrospective analytic study in a tertiary hospital in Spain was performed, comparing patients who underwent laparoscopic gastrectomy with (ICG cohort) and without (historic cohort) ICG guided lymphadenectomy.Thirty four patients were included (17 in each group). Although the number of positive nodes was similar in both groups (0.0 in the ICG cohort vs. 2 in the historic cohort, p = 0.119), the number of lymph nodes removed was higher in the ICG cohort (42.0 vs 28.0, p = 0.040). In the ICG cohort, more lymph nodes were positive for adenocarcinoma in the group of nodes that were positive for IGC (10.6% of the IGC + nodes vs. 1.9% in the ICG - nodes, p 0.001).ICG lymphadenectomy is a promising procedure that could improve the lymphadenectomy of patients with gastric cancer. ICG lymphadenectomy could be used to increase the number of lymph nodes removed in patients with a high-risk of nodal invasion or it could be used to reduce the surgical aggressiveness in fragile patients with a low-risk of nodal invasion.

Resumen Introduccion La mayoria de los pacientes con colitis isquemica tienen una evolucion favorable; sin embargo, se ha relacionado la localizacion en el colon derecho con un peor pronostico. El proposito de este estudio es comparar la presentacion clinica y los resultados de la colitis isquemica del colon derecho (CICD) con la colitis isquemica de otros segmentos del colon (no CICD). Metodos Estudio retrospectivo, observacional de los pacientes ingresados en nuestro hospital con colitis isquemica entre 1993 y 2014, identificados mediante busqueda computarizada de los codigos de ICD-9. Se dividieron en 2 grupos: CICD y no CICD. Se compararon las comorbilidades, presentacion clinica, necesidad de cirugia y mortalidad. El analisis multivariado se realizo mediante regresion logistica ajustando por edad y sexo. La significacion estadistica se establecio en un valor de p Resultados Fueron identificados 204 pacientes, 61 (30%) con CICD. El 61% de los pacientes con CICD necesitaron cirugia en comparacion con el 22% de los pacientes no CICD (p Conclusiones Los pacientes con CICD tienen peor pronostico que los pacientes con no CICD, 5 veces mas probabilidades de necesitar cirugia y 4 veces mas de presentar resultados desfavorables.

Most patients with ischemic colitis have a favourable evolution; nevertheless, the location in the right colon has been associated with a worse prognosis. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical presentation and results of right colon ischemic colitis (CICD) with ischemic colitis of other colonic segments (non-CIDC).Retrospective, observational study of patients admitted to our hospital with ischemic colitis between 1993 and 2014, identified through a computerized search of ICD9 codes. They were divided into 2 groups: CICD and non-CICD. Comorbidities, clinical presentation, need for surgery, and mortality were compared. Multivariate analysis was performed using logistic regression adjusting for age and sex. Statistical significance was established at a value of P 0.05.A total of 204 patients were identified, 61 (30%) with CICD; 61% of CICD patients required surgery compared to 22% of non-CICD patients (P 0.001). Differences in post-surgical mortality (32% vs 55%) and overall mortality (20% vs 15%) were not statistically significant. CICD patients had more commonly unfavourable outcomes than non-CICD patients (61% vs 25%, P 0.001). The odds ratio (OR) for surgery was 5.28 and 4.47 for unfavourable outcomes for patients with CICD.CICD patients have a worse prognosis than non-CICD patients, 5 times more likely to need surgery and 4 times more likely to have unfavourable outcomes.

Resumen La pandemia SARS-CoV-2 ha tenido un gran impacto en todo el mundo, siendo Espana uno de los paises mas afectados. La demora en la cirugia bariatrica puede tener consecuencias fatales, ya que hasta el 50% de los pacientes que se encuentran en lista de espera desarrollan una nueva comorbilidad durante el tiempo que permanecen en ella y el 1,5% de pacientes fallecen mientras esperan la intervencion. Es por ello por lo que la cirugia bariatrica no debe demorarse en cuanto la ocupacion del hospital por pacientes COVID-19+ disminuya de forma significativa y se disponga de recursos y seguridad suficiente para realizar la cirugia en pacientes con patologia benigna. Este documento recoge las principales recomendaciones para los programas de cirugia bariatrica en nuestro pais desde el punto de vista tanto de seguridad como de preparacion y seguimiento del paciente bariatrico en el contexto de la pandemia SARS-CoV-2.

Resumen Debido a la actual pandemia de enfermedad respiratoria denominada enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) causada por el virus denominado SARS-CoV-2, numerosos pacientes con confirmacion o sospecha de COVID-19 precisaran tratamiento quirurgico electivo inaplazable o urgente. Estas situaciones requieren la adopcion de medidas especiales da cara a minimizar la posibilidad de contagio entre pacientes, la exposicion del personal sanitario y el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias. En el presente documento se explican las principales medidas a tener en cuenta en caso de atencion a pacientes COVID-19 o sospecha tanto durante su evaluacion como en caso de requerir tratamiento quirurgico.

Resumen El objetivo de este articulo es ilustrar como poner en marcha y desarrollar un estudio multicentrico prospectivo, controlado y aleatorizado. Por ello, lo primero que se necesita es crear una idea que genere una hipotesis y un objetivo principal. La busqueda bibliografica nos permite ver su relevancia clinica y las evidencias publicadas. Ademas, hay que plantearse si el estudio es viable economicamente y si puede ser completado en un periodo menor a 4 anos. Una vez ideado el estudio multicentrico, para ejecutarlo se debe redactar un protocolo (segun la guia Standard Protocol items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials [SPIRIT 2013]). En el se recogeran el tipo de diseno, el tamano muestral y los centros que participaran. La aleatorizacion es clave en el diseno. Si puede ser aleatorizado, se recomienda utilizar la guia Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT), si no, la Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-Randomized Designs (TREND). Cuando el protocolo es aprobado por el Comite Etico de Investigacion Clinica del hospital, hay que darle visibilidad. Es por eso que se recomienda su registro en ClincalTrials.gov y su publicacion en revistas indexadas. Para el inicio del estudio, se requiere buscar fuentes de financiacion. Estas permiten tener una base de datos on line, que permiten aleatorizar al momento y mantener el registro al dia desde cualquier centro. Por ultimo, hay que destacar que es imprescindible la motivacion. La multicentricidad solo se entiende si todos los centros participan. Asi que informar de resultados y dar animos cada 1-3 meses (en forma de newsletter) es una manera de conseguir un buen funcionamiento del estudio.

Our main goal is to describe how to start and develop a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. The first step is to have an idea that will become the hypothesis and a main objective. A bibliographic search should be done to check for clinical interest and originality. Moreover, the study must be feasible and should be finished within 4 years. In order to start the multicenter study, a protocol should be written (in accordance with the SPIRIT guidelines Standard Protocol items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials), including the design type, sample size and participating hospitals. Randomization is key to the design and, therefore, the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) guidelines must be followed. However, if the study cannot be randomized, the TREND (Transparent Reporting of Evaluations with Non-Randomized Designs) guidelines are recommended. When the protocol is approved by the Ethics Committee for Clinical Investigation of the hospital, we ought to create visibility. It is suggested to register the trial on ClincalTrials.gov and submit its publication to indexed magazines. Financial resources are necessary to execute the study and maintain an online database. This allows the registry to be updated and accessible to all the participants in the study. What is more, randomization can be done immediately. And last, but not least, is motivation. Multicentricity equals to participation of all the chosen medical centers. Updating and motivating them by sending a newsletter every 1-3 months keeps participants engaged in the study.

Pudendal neuralgia is a highly disabling entity with complex diagnostic and controversial treatment results. Surgical neurolysis has been shown to be the most effective treatment. Sacral root neurostimulation or posterior tibial nerve stimulation are used to rescue patients who either have not responded to surgery or have worsened after an initial improvement.Given the excellent visualization of the pudendal nerve during laparoscopic pudendal release, we propose to combine this procedure with neurostimulation, taking advantage of the possibility of in situ placement of the electrode. The abdominal cavity is accessed laparoscopically through four ports, and after identifying and releasing the pudendal nerve a neurostimulation electrode is placed next to the nerve and is connected to a generator located in a subcutaneous pocket.This procedure has been performed in one patient with a satisfactory result.Laparoscopic pudendal release with neurostimulator prosthesis is an experimental technique that can be promising for the treatment of pudendal neuralgia.

patients undergoing major abdominal surgery, including colorectal surgery, particularly if they are oncological patients, are at risk of malnutrition with a worse postoperative evolution and an increase in complications.to assess the prevalence of malnutrition in patients undergoing colon and rectal surgery in our hospital, and to identify the different risk factors for malnutrition.a retrospective cohort study including all patients operated on for colorectal cancer in our environment.a total of 382 patients with a mean age of 69.93 years were included in the study. Considering different risk factors for malnutrition, we obtained that 50.6 % of the patients had some of the risk indicators for malnutrition altered at the time of admission. The variables that proved to be independent factors related to malnutrition were age, DM, baseline malnutrition, and heart disease. Preoperative malnutrition turned out to be the greatest risk factor for presenting moderate/severe malnutrition in the postoperative period with an OR of 3.83 (2.1-6.9; p0.001), and was also associated with a higher incidence of postoperative complications and longer hospital stays. We obtained that the percentage of postoperative complications was significantly higher in the group of patients diagnosed with peroperative malnutrition (36.3 % vs 22.0 %, p = 0.004).the percentage of malnutrition in patients with colorectal cancer is high, an aspect that is underestimated in most surgical services. In our study, malnutrition leads to worse outcomes with an increase in complications.

The effectiveness of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways in patients undergoing bariatric surgery remains unclear. Our objective was to determine the effect of the ERAS elements on patient outcomes following elective bariatric surgery.Prospective cohort study in adult patients undergoing elective bariatric surgery. Each participating center selected a single 3-month data collection period between October 2019 and September 2020. We assessed the 24 individual components of the ERAS pathways in all patients. We used a multivariable and multilevel logistic regression model to adjust for baseline risk factors, ERAS elements, and center differences RESULTS: We included 1419 patients. One hundred and fourteen patients (8%) developed postoperative complications. There were no differences in the incidence of overall postoperative complications between the self-designated ERAS and non-ERAS groups (54 (8.7%) vs. 60 (7.6%); OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 0.73-1.79; P = .56), neither for moderate-to-severe complications, readmissions, re-interventions, mortality, or hospital stay (2 [IQR 2-3] vs. 3 [IQR 2-4] days, 0.85; 95% CI, 0.62-1.17; P = .33) Adherence to the ERAS elements in the highest adherence quartile (Q1) was greater than 72.2%, while in the lowest adherence quartile (Q4) it was less than 55%. Patients with the highest adherence rates had shorter hospital stay (2 [IQR 2-3] vs. 3 [IQR 2-4] days, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.09-2.17; P = .015), while there were no differences in the other outcomes CONCLUSIONS: Higher adherence to ERAS Society® recommendations was associated with a shorter hospital stay without an increase in postoperative complications or readmissions.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03864861.

Introduccion: La pandemia de COVID-19 ha afectado a las oportunidades de formación de los profesionales sanitarios, en parte porque se anularon muchos cursos presenciales. En este estudio se analizan los resultados de participación y satisfacción de las sesiones del Aula Virtual AEC durante su primer año. Metodología: El Aula Virtual AEC incluye un formato combinado de seminarios semanales emitidos en directo que pueden ser visionados en diferido. En este estudio se evalúan los resultados en sus primeros 12 meses, considerando el número de participantes en directo, el número de visualizaciones en diferido y el alcance global; así como los resultados de la encuesta de satisfacción realizada en cada una de las sesiones (1-10) Resultados: Desde el 16/04/2020 hasta el 15/04/2021 se realizaron 50 sesiones del Aula Virtual AEC. El alcance medio de las sesiones ha sido de 509±288 visualizaciones con un rango entre 196 y 1490. En los picos de la pandemia se observó un descenso de los participantes en directo: 275±135 vs 391±233 (p=0,032) La puntuación media sobre el formato fue 8,46± 0,31/10. Las sesiones mejor puntuadas fueron las de temática relacionada con coloproctología con una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en la puntuación media 8,79±0,42 vs 8,39±0,27 (p=0,035). Un 90,76% de usuarios consideraron las sesiones útiles. Un 97,2% consideraban que deben mantenerse tras la pandemia. Conclusion: El Aula Virtual AEC ha tenido muy buenos resultados en los primeros 12 meses de desarrollo, resultando ser una herramienta útil de docencia quirúrgica que previsiblemente sobrevivirá a la época de pandemia

Resumen Los protocolos de rehabilitacion multimodal o recuperacion intensificada (PRI) son programas de cuidado del paciente basados en la evidencia cientifica y orientados a mejorar su recuperacion postoperatoria. Abarcan todos los aspectos implicados en el cuidado del paciente y requieren un manejo multidisciplinar, en el que intervienen varios especialistas. La aplicacion de estos protocolos se esta extendiendo ampliamente por diferentes tipos de cirugias abdominales y extraabdominales, incluyendo la cirugia bariatrica. Facultativos de diferentes especialidades, con experiencia en el tratamiento de pacientes obesos morbidos, han formado parte del grupo de trabajo que desarrollo este protocolo. Para evaluar la evidencia cientifica actualizada, se realizo una busqueda bibliografica sobre PRI en cirugia bariatrica en diferentes bases de datos, estableciendo los niveles de calidad de evidencia y el grado de recomendacion segun la metodologia GRADE. Se agruparon las actuaciones incluidas en la matriz temporal en 3 etapas: preoperatorio, perioperatorio y postoperatorio.

Graphical abstract, Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio es analizar el impacto de los congresos del American College of Surgeons Clinical Congress (ACSCC2020) y del Congreso Nacional de Cirugía de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos (CNC2020) en formato virtual por la pandemia SARS-CoV-2 según la huella digital. Material y métodos Se estudiaron los hashtags de Twitter #ACSCC20 y #CNCirugia2020 para determinar tuits, retuits, usuarios e impresiones. Se analizaron los datos sobre las cuentas con mayor influencia y la evolución histórica de los congresos entre 2015 y 2020. Utilizamos el software symplur para la recogida y análisis de los datos. Resultados Entre 2015 y 2017 hubo un incremento consistente en el número de tuits, participantes e impresiones. Entre 2018 y 2020, el ACS mantiene el número de impresiones con menor cantidad de tuits. Sin embargo, el CNC sigue creciendo y logra sus mejores métricas en el presente 2020. Encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las cuentas más prolíficas del ACSCC frente al CNC (p

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) was initially proposed as a first-stage procedure to perform in higher risk patients, but most of them did not undergo the second stage. LSG is a perfect fit for enhanced recovery after surgery programs with early oral intake in the same day of surgery. The patient could be discharged in the first of second postoperative day. In the first 15 postoperative days, liquids ± pureed foods are recommended, and soft solids may be included in the third and fourth weeks. Five to six feedings a day are recommended for a diet rich in protein foods (60 g/day), fresh vegetables and fruits, whole grains, low in fat, and simple sugars. An adequate water intake of about 1500 mL/day should be achieved.

Resumen Ante la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2 resulta fundamental conocer los aspectos claves de la infeccion: su origen epidemiologico, presentacion, curso clinico, diagnostico y los tratamientos empleados (aun experimentales en muchos casos). El conocimiento sobre el virus es limitado, pero a medida que progresa la pandemia y se conoce mas su fisiopatologia se esta publicando nueva evidencia de forma masiva. Los especialistas quirurgicos se enfrentan a una situacion sin precedentes: deben colaborar en plantas medicas o urgencias atendiendo a estos pacientes, y ademas tomar decisiones sobre pacientes quirurgicos con posible COVID-19. Esta revision narrativa pretende resumir los aspectos mas relevantes y sintetizar los conceptos basicos sobre COVID-19 para los cirujanos.

We assessed the cost-effectiveness of bariatric surgery (BS) versus conservative management (CM) for treating morbid obesity in Spain.We developed a probabilistic Markov model to estimate health outcomes, quality-adjusted life years (QALY), life years gained (LYG), and costs over lifetime and 10-year horizons. Combined common BS procedures were compared with CM. Clinical and utility inputs were obtained from the literature and resource use and costs from local sources (€2017).Over the 10-year horizon, BS led to a cost increment of €9,386 and 1.6 additional QALY (€5,966/QALY). Leading to 0.6 LYG and 4.4 QALY gains and €300/patient average cost savings over lifetime, BS could potentially significantly reduce diabetes and cardiovascular disease risk over the considered horizons. Despite short-term cost reductions, surgery delay may lead to significant clinical benefits loss.Compared to CM, BS is a more effective and less costly alternative for treating morbid obesity in Spain.

3D laparoscopy allows the surgeon to regain the sense of depth and improve accuracy. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of 3D in bariatric surgery. A retrospective cohort study was conducted. All our patients who underwent bariatric surgery (sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or gastric bypass (GB)) between 2013 and 2016 were included. We compared 3D laparoscopy cohort and 2D laparoscopy cohort. Variables are as follows: age, sex, DM, hypertension, surgeon experience, and type of intervention. Comparisons of operative time, hospital stay, conversion, complications, reoperation, and exitus are completed. Three hundred twelve consecutive patients were included. 56.9% of patients underwent GB and 43.1% SG. Global complications were 3.2% (fistula 2.5%, hemoperitoneum 0.3%, others 0.4%). One hundred four procedures were performed in the 3D cohort and 208 in the 2D cohort. The 2D cohort and 3D cohort were similar regarding the following: percentage of GB vs SG, age, gender, learning curve, diabetes mellitus 2, hypertension, and sleep apnea. The operating time and hospital stay were significantly reduced in the 3D cohort (144.07 ± 58.07 vs 172.11 ± 76.11 min and 5.12 ± 9.6 vs 7.7 ± 13.2 days. It was the same when we stratified the sample by type of surgery or experience of the surgeon. Complications were reduced in the 3D cohort in the surgeries performed by novice surgeons (10.2 vs 1.8%, p = 0.034). The use of 3D laparoscopy in bariatric surgery in our center has helped reducing the operating time and hospital stay, and improving the safety of the surgery, either in GB or SG, being equally favorable in novice or more experienced surgeons.

Resumen Introduccion La gastrectomia vertical (GV) se ha convertido en una tecnica con entidad propia cuya indicacion selectiva o global sigue siendo objeto de controversia. Los resultados ponderales a 5 anos son heterogeneos. El objetivo del estudio es identificar posibles factores pronosticos de perdida de peso insuficiente tras GV. Metodos Estudio multicentrico retrospectivo de GV con seguimiento mayor de un ano. Se considera fracaso si el PSP Resultados Se incluye a 1.565 pacientes intervenidos en 29 hospitales. PSP al ano: 70,58 ± 24,8; a los 3 anos 69,39 ± 29,2; a los 5 anos 68,46 ± 23,1. Pacientes con PSP 50 kg/m2, edad > 50 anos, DM2, HTA, SAOS, cardiopatia, varias comorbilidades asociadas, distancia a piloro > 5 cm, bujia > 40 F, tratamiento con antiagregantes. La sobresutura mejora los resultados. Las variables que mostraron ser factores predictivos de fracaso en el seguimiento fueron la DM2 y el IMC. Conclusion La GV asocia una perdida de peso satisfactoria en el 79% de los pacientes en los primeros 5 anos; sin embargo, algunas variables como el IMC > 50, la DM2, la edad > 50, la presencia de varias comorbilidades, la seccion a mas de 4 cm del piloro o la bujia > 40 F pueden aumentar el riesgo de fracaso ponderal.

Resumen Introducción: la inmunonutrición ha demostrado ser eficaz en los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a cirugía mayor abdominal. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar el impacto de la inmunonutrición oral preoperatoria y postoperatoria en la prevención de la desnutrición y las complicaciones posquirúrgicas en el cáncer colorrectal. Pacientes y método: realizamos un estudio retrospectivo descriptivo observacional con una única cohorte. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes sometidos a cirugía por cáncer colorrectal desde junio de 2014 a diciembre de 2015, sin ningún criterio de exclusión. En un pequeño número de casos (28 pacientes) no se suministró suplementación nutricional oral y se consideran pérdidas del estudio. Se realizó una evaluación del estado nutricional preoperatorio, empleando como score nutricional el NSR-2002. Se pautó inmunonutrición durante los cinco o diez días previos a la intervención en función del resultado de la misma. En el postoperatorio, se añadió inmunonutrición en el tercer día postoperatorio hasta el séptimo día o hasta el alta hospitalaria. Los pacientes con albúmina < 2,5 g/dl o íleo prolongado recibieron nutrición parenteral. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el paquete estadístico SPSS 21.0. Resultados: se incluyeron 220 pacientes con cáncer colorrectal, de los cuales 28 fueron pérdidas del estudio. La suplementación preoperatoria mejoró significativamente las cifras de prealbúmina y transferrina al ingreso. En el postoperatorio recibieron nutrición enteral 121 pacientes y 41 recibieron nutrición parenteral. Los pacientes que no tomaron suplementos nutricionales preoperatorios tuvieron más complicaciones (50% vs. 28,1%; p = 0,019) y la estancia media fue superior (14,64 ± 11,86 vs. 9,36 ± 5,5; p < 0,005). Los pacientes que no tomaron suplementos en el postoperatorio tuvieron más complicaciones (24% vs. 18,2%; p < 0,005), destacando más infección de herida (1,9% vs. 0,8%) y más dehiscencia anastomótica (1,9% vs. 0,8%). Tuvieron también una estancia media superior (9,15 ± 4,6 vs. 7,57 ± 2,5 días; p = 0,021). Conclusión: en nuestro estudio, la administración de suplementos nutricionales orales previo a la intervención y en el postoperatorio en la cirugía del cáncer colorrectal se ha asociado a menos complicaciones y estancia media. Abstract Introduction: the aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of preoperative and postoperative oral nutritional therapy in the prevention of malnutrition and postsurgical complications in colorectal cancer Patients and methods: patients who underwent oncological colorectal surgery between June 2014 and December 2015 are included. An evaluation of preoperative nutritional status is performed. Patients received IMPACT® (2/day) for 5-10 days previous surgery. In the postoperative period, patients received IMPACT®/24h from 3rd to 7th postoperative day. Patients with low rates of albumin (< 2.5) or postoperative ileus received parenteral nutrition. Data were analyzed with the statistical package SPSS 21.0. Results: two hundred and twenty colorectal cancer patients were included. Twenty-eight patients did not take the preoperative oral supplements. Following the intake of nutritional supplements, an improvement of prealbumin and transferrin was noticed. One hundred and twenty-one patients received oral nutrition and 41 received parenteral nutrition in the postoperative period. There were more postoperative complications among patients without preoperative nutritional supplements (50% vs 28.1%; p = 0.019), and hospital stay was higher 14.64 ± 11.86 vs 9.36 ± 5.5; p < 0.005). There were more complications among patients without postoperative oral nutritional supplements (24% vs 18.2%; p < 0.005), with more wound infection (1.9% vs 0.8%) and leaks (1.9% vs 0.8%). They also had a higher average stay (9.15 4.6 vs 7.57 2.5 days; p = 0.021). Conclusion: in our study, patients that received oral nutritional supplements prior and following colorectal surgery had a lower rate of complications and a shorter hospital stay.

Resumen La cirugia bariatrica ha demostrado ser muy eficaz en el control de la obesidad y el sindrome metabolico. Sus resultados no solo se expresan en terminos de perdida de peso, sino tambien en la resolucion de comorbilidades, mejoria de la calidad de vida y de las complicaciones derivadas. Los diferentes parametros utilizados para medir estos resultados requieren de una uniformidad y de unos patrones de referencia. Por ello, es fundamental establecer cuales son los indicadores y los criterios de calidad que definen las «buenas practicas» en cirugia bariatrica. En este sentido, la Seccion de Obesidad de la Asociacion Espanola de Cirujanos (AEC), en colaboracion con la Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia de la Obesidad (SECO), se plantea como objetivo identificar los puntos clave que definen la calidad en este tipo de cirugia. Para ello se describen los principales indicadores basados en la literatura publicada, asi como los criterios de remision de las principales comorbilidades segun las evidencias encontradas y sus grados de recomendacion.

Bariatric surgery has proven to be highly effective in controlling obesity and metabolic syndrome; the results of this surgery are not only expressed in terms of weight loss, but also in terms of resolution of comorbidities, improved quality of life and complications. The different parameters used to measure these outcomes require uniformity and reference patterns. Therefore, it is essential to identify those indicators and quality criteria that are helpful in defining the «best practice» principles in bariatric surgery. In this regard, the Section of Obesity of the Spanish Association of Surgeons, in collaboration with the Spanish Society for Bariatric Surgery (SECO), present as an objective to identify the key points that define «quality» in this type of surgery. We describe the main indicators based on the published literature as well as the criteria for referral of the main comorbidities according to the evidence found and grades of recommendation.

La obesidad morbida es un problema grave de salud de prevalencia creciente que asocia costosas comorbilidades y reduce la supervivencia. La cirugia bariatrica (CB) ademas de resolver las comorbilidades (86,6% diabetes tipo 2; 79% riesgo cardiovascular; 83,6% apnea del sueno; 61,7% hipertension arterial), reducir la mortalidad entre un 31-40% y aumentar la supervivencia de los obesos morbidos 10 anos, supone un importante ahorro al Sistema Nacional de Salud. Los obesos consumen un 20% mas de recursos sanitarios y un 68% mas de farmacos. La CB requiere una inversion inicial (grupos relacionados por diagnostico: 7.468 �) que se recupera en un ratio coste-efectividad de 2,5 anos y se consigue un ahorro significativo a partir del 3.er ano. A la reduccion directa de costes sanitarios se deberia sumar el aumento en la recaudacion de impuestos por reduccion del 18% de paro y bajas y el aumento del 57% de la productividad de autonomos. La CB es una de las intervenciones mas rentables del Sistema Nacional de Salud.

Introduction: Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) has become a technique in its own right although a selective or global indication remains controversial. The weight loss data at 5 years are heterogeneous. The aim of the study is to identify possible prognostic factors of insufficient weight loss after SG. Methods: A SG retrospective multicenter study of more than one year follow-up was performed. Failure is considered if EWL > 50%. Univariate and multivariate study of Cox regression were performed to identify prognostic factors of failure of weight loss at 1, 2 and 3 years of follow up. Results: A total of 1,565 patients treated in 29 hospitals are included. PSP per year: 70.58 +/- 24.7; 3 years 69.39 +/- 29.2; 5 years 68.46 +/- 23.1. Patients with EWL < 50 (considered failure): 17.1% in the first year, 20.1% at 3 years, 20.8% at 5 years. Variables with influence on the weight loss failure in univariate analysis were: BMI > 50 kg/m(2), age > 50 years, DM2, hypertension, OSA, heart disease, multiple comorbidities, distance to pylorus> 4 cm, bougie > 40 F, treatment with antiplatelet agents. The reinforcement of the suture improved results. In multivariate study DM2 and BMI are independent factors of failure. Conclusion: The SG associates a satisfactory weight loss in 79% of patients in the first 5 years; however, somevariablessuchasBMI > 50, age > 50, thepresenceofseveralcomorbidities, more than 5 cm section of the pylorus or bougie > 40 F can increase the risk of weight loss failure. (C) 2017 AEC. Published by Elsevier Espanna, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

In recent years, the incidence of childhood obesity in Europe, and Spain in particular, has increased dramatically. Bariatric surgery could play a major role in treating of adolescents with severe obesity. However, no specific guidelines for bariatric surgery currently exist in Spain. The Board of the Spanish Society for Obesity Surgery and Metabolic Diseases (SECO) proposed a study of childhood obesity by using the Delphi method. This prospective study involved 60 experts from nine national societies. Each society leader recruited experts from their society in obesity-related fields. Two online questionnaires were taken, and consensus on guidelines for various obesity treatments was reached according to the percentage of answers in favor or against inclusion of a given guideline. Based on these results, preoperative, surgical management and follow-up of childhood obesity management among others were analyzed. The survey results indicated significant concern among all societies regarding obesity. There was strong consensus with regard to adolescents and obesity, medical treatment, dietary recommendations, environmental and social factors, and goals for adolescents with obesity. Consensus on the use of intragastric balloons and other techniques was not reached. However, biliopancreatic diversion was rejected as a primary treatment, and mandatory psychological/psychiatric assessment was agreed upon. Inclusion criteria accepted were similar to those for adults with the exception of surgery in those with a body mass index

Bariatric surgery has proven to be highly effective in controlling obesity and metabolic syndrome; the results of this surgery are not only expressed in terms of weight loss, but also in terms of resolution of comorbidities, improved quality of life and complications. The different parameters used to measure these outcomes require uniformity and reference patterns. Therefore, it is essential to identify those indicators and quality criteria that are helpful in defining the «best practice» principles in bariatric surgery. In this regard, the Section of Obesity of the Spanish Association of Surgeons, in collaboration with the Spanish Society for Bariatric Surgery (SECO), present as an objective to identify the key points that define «quality» in this type of surgery. We describe the main indicators based on the published literature as well as the criteria for referral of the main comorbidities according to the evidence found and grades of recommendation.

Background Complications in sleeve gastrectomy (SG) can cast a shadow over the technique's good results and compromise its safety. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors for complications, and especially those that can potentially be modified to improve safety. Methods A retrospective multicenter cohort study was carried out, involving the participation of 29 hospitals. Data was collected on demographic variables, associated comorbidities, technical modifications, the surgeon's experience, and postoperative morbimortality. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out on risk factors (RFs) for the complications of leak/fistula, hemoperitoneum, pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, and death. Results The following data were collected for 2882 patients: age, 43.85+/-11.6. 32.9 % male; BMI 47.22+/-8.79; 46.2 % hypertensive; 29.2 % diabetes2; 18.2 % smokers; bougie calibre >= 40 F 11.1 %; complications 11.7 % (2.8 % leaks, 2.7 % hemoperitoneum, 1.1 % pneumonia, 0.2 % pulmonary embolism); and death 0.6 %. RFs for complications were as follows: surgeon's experience < 20 patients, OR 1.72 (1.32-2.25); experience> 100 patients, OR 0.78 (0.69-0.87); DM2, OR1.48(1.12-1.95); probe > 40 F, OR 0.613 (0.429-0.876). Leak RFs were the following: smoking, OR1.93 (1.1-3.41); surgeon's experience< 20 patients, OR 2.4 (1.46-4.16); experience of 20-50 patients, OR 2.5 (1.3-4.86); experience > 100 patients, OR 0.265 (0.11-0.63); distance to pylorus > 4 cm, OR 0.510 (0.29-0.91). RFs for death were as follows: smoking, OR 8.64 (2.63-28.34); DM2, OR 3.25 (1.1-9.99); distance to pylorus< 5 cm, OR 6.62 (1.63-27.02). Conclusions The safety of SG may be compromised by nonmodifiable factors such as age > 65, patient comorbidities (DM2, hypertension), and prior treatment with anticoagulants, as well as by modifiable factors such as smoking, bougie size < 40 F, distance to the pylorus < 4 cm, and the surgeon's experience (< 50-100 cases).

Given the difficulty in accessing to the excluded stomach after gastric bypass and the increase in gastroesophageal reflux after sleeve gastrectomy, it is justified to perform a preoperative fibrogastroscopy.The influence of the fibrogastroscopy (FGS) findings in the therapeutic approach is analyzed.A retrospective study of preoperative FGS findings is performed, from 04/06 to 12/12. The influence of the FGS results on the surgical technique selection, in the endoscopic or medical treatment and its relation to gastric fistula is analyzed by means of multivariate regression (confounding factors: Age, body mass index, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, antiplatelet therapy, surgical technique (bariatric surgery, sleeve gastrectomy).Three hundred thirty one patients are included: 32.6% biopsy of gastric lesion; 27% gastritis; 18.1% hiatal hernia; 3% metaplasia; 0.6% Barrett esophagus; 2.1% esophagitis; 0.3% dysplasia; 0.3 Schatzky#180;s ring; 1.5% incompetent cardia; 2.4% duodenitis; 0.3% gastric erosions; 0.6% gastric xanthoma; 1.8%, gastric polyp; 1.6% duodenal ulcer; 0.6% papulo-erosive gastritis; 0.6% esophageal papilloma; 0.3% submucosal tumor. Helicobacter pylori+ 30.2% (triple therapy eradication in all patients). The FGS findings led to a variation in the surgical technique or to the completion of endoscopic treatment in 22.2% of cases.The gastric lesions did not influence the development of gastric fistula. Independent prognostic factors of fistula: Sleeve gastrectomy (7.9% vs. 2.7%; p = 0.02; OR: 1.38 IC95: 1.01-1.87) and the body mass index50 kg/m2) (6.7% vs. 2.2%; p = 0.04; OR: 3.7 IC95: 1.12-12.4).The diagnosis of gastroesophageal disease through preoperative FGS motivated variations in the therapeutic approach in 52% of patients, so we consider essential to include the preoperative FGS in bariatric surgery.

Resumen Introduccion El objetivo fue estudio ha sido evaluar factores relacionados con la morbimortalidad tras el bypass gastrico y considerar alternativas de menor riesgo en pacientes seleccionados. Pacientes y metodos Se incluye una cohorte prospective de 761 pacientes a los que se realizo bypass gastrico. Se realiza un estudio de factores pronosticos mediante el modelo de regresion logistica con SPSS 11.0. Las variables independientes fueron edad, sexo, indice de masa corporal (IMC), comorbilidades, abordaje laparoscopico; las variables dependientes fueron complicaciones medicas, complicaciones quirurgicas y mortalidad. Es un estudio preliminar descriptivo de morbilidad y resultados ponderales a 3 meses con gastroplastia tubular. Resultados En el postoperatorio el 2,8% de los pacientes presento complicaciones medicas y el 5,4%, complicaciones quirurgicas. La mortalidad fue del 0,52%. Las variables que han presentado relacion estadisticamente significativa con las complicaciones quirurgicas fueron la edad > 45 anos (p = 0,04; odds ratio [OR] = 2,00; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,03-3,8) y el sexo masculino (p = 0,041; OR = 2,40; IC del 95%, 1,12-5,14). Las variables presentaron relacion estadisticamente significativa con las con las complicaciones medicas fueron: IMC > 50 kg/m 2 (p = 0,012; OR = 3,32; IC del 95%, 1,23-8,98); con la mortalidad: IMC > 50 kg/m 2 (p = 0,006), el sexo masculino (p = 0,006). Se ha realizado gastroplastia tubular en pacientes con IMC > 60 kg/m 2 (8 casos); IMC > 50 kg/m 2 con afeccion cardiopulmonar y morfologia androide (3 casos); IMC entre 35 y 40 kg/m 2 y comorbilidad mayor (4 casos); con la morbilidad: sindrome febril autolimitado. No hubo mortalidad. En superobesos el descenso del 39,8 ± 5,36% del exceso de IMC en 3 meses (n = 4); en obesos morbidos un descenso del 50,2 ± 11,05% del exceso del IMC en 3 meses (n = 4). Conclusiones La morbimortalidad postoperatoria fue significativamente mayor en los varones, mayors de 45 anos y con IMC > 50 kg/m 2 . La gastroplastia tubular en pacientes seleccionados podria ser una alternativa de menor riesgo.