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Background: The Origin and branching pattern of profunda femoris artery (PFA) is important for surgeons and interventional radiologists. Branching patterns of PFA have been described by many authors since 18th century. The aim of this present study is to identify the variations of origin of PFA and its circumflex branches origin from PFA related to inguinal ligament. Materials and Methods: 40 lower limbs from embalmed human cadavers (15 male and 5 female) where dissected and observed for the origins of PFA and its circumflex branches.10 computerized tomographic lower limb angiograms from patients who underwent angiographic procedures were also included in the study. Conclusion: High origin of profunda femoris artery in 4 specimens out of 40 specimens. Average distance from mid inguinal point to the origin of profunda femoris artery was 3.95 centimeters.Origin of lateral circumflex femoral artery from femoral artery was seen in 4 specimens. Origin of the branches of the lateral circumflex femoral artery directly from the femoral artery was observed in 2 specimens.Origin of medial circumflex femoral artery from profunda femoris artery in all 40 specimens. Branching pattern of profunda femoris artery follow 90% of pattern I and 10% of pattern III. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Body Worn Camera (BWC) is an Information Technology (IT) artefact that has begun to be used in law enforcement. In this paper, we develop a research model that focuses on law enforcement agents' perspective about the ethical use of BWC, by extending rational choice theory (RCT) from the standpoint of cost/benefit of using BWC, contextual factors, as well as organisational justice. The paper tests the relationship between three factors: a) work motivation, b) cost of using BWC, and c) benefit of using BWC and police perceptions of ethical use of BWC. In addition, we test the moderating effects of work-related uncertainty on the above three relationships. The associations between organisational justice factors and work motivation are also discussed. Further, in collaboration with the National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C), we develop three grey BWC scenarios that are not clearly ethical nor clearly unethical. We apply a survey methodology to test the model in the context of grey scenarios. The results show that work motivation and the risk of using BWC are negatively related with the law enforcement agents' perceptions about ethical use of BWC and these relationships are negatively moderated by work-related uncertainty, while justice constructs are positively associated with perceived work motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reticulocytes are red blood cell precursors with an average lifespan of 1-2 days. Reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He) is an early marker of iron deficiency (ID) erythropoiesis and reflects real-time information regarding the synthesis of young erythrocytes in the bone marrow. The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic utility of Ret-He in patients having microcytic hypochromic anemia in comparison with serum ferritin and iron studies. Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic utility of the Ret-He parameter in patients having microcytic hypochromic anemia in comparison with the serum ferritin, iron studies and its role in routine hematological screening for nutritional deficiency anemia like ID. Design and Settings: The design involves observational study. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based observational study was carried out in a referral hospital. Hematological parameters were processed using Sysmex XN1000 (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan) analyzer and were compared with Serum iron studies using biochemistry analyzer (VITROS® 250 Chemistry System) from 201 participants who presented with microcytic hypochromic anemia. Main Outcome and Measures: Relationship of Ret-He parameter and its diagnostic utility for screening of iron-deficient states. Sample Size: The sample size was 201. Results: When serum ferritin is taken as "the gold standard" to detect ID, with Ret-He cutoff of 27.15 pg/cell, we found a statistically significant positive correlation between Ret-He and serum ferritin (P < 0.001). We found a sensitivity of 57.37% and specificity of 75.95% with area under the curve of 0.681, positive predictive value of 100%, negative predictive value of 3.8%, and accuracy of 62.19% for Ret-He in detecting ID anemia (IDA). Also found a statistically significant negative correlation between Ret-He and total iron binding capacity (P < 0.001). There was no statistical correlation between Ret-He and serum iron levels in our study. Conclusions: The present study suggests Ret-He is one of the better and more reliable hematological parameters indicating ID and, when used along with biochemical parameters like serum ferritin, can give valuable inputs in a better screening and diagnosis of IDA; hence proper treatment is possible. Limitations: The multicentric study is required to standardize Ret-He reference values, and follow-up to therapy of the subjects was not done. Additional hemoglobin variant analysis data would have been favorable to the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose Employee security behaviors are the cornerstone for achieving holistic organizational information security. Recent studies in the information systems (IS) security literature have used neutralization and moral disengagement (MD) perspectives to examine employee rationalizations of noncompliant security behaviors. Extending this prior work, the purpose of this paper is to identify mechanisms of security education, training, and awareness (SETA) programs and deterrence as well as employees’ organizational commitment in influencing MD of security policy violations and develop a theoretical model to test the proposed relationships.Design/methodology/approach The authors validate and test the model using the data collected from six large multinational organizations in Korea using survey-based methodology. The model was empirically analyzed by structural equation modeling.Findings The results suggest that security policy awareness (PA) plays a central role in reducing MD of security policy violations and that the certainty of punishment and immediacy of enforcing penalties are instrumental toward reducing such MD; however, the higher severity of penalties does not have an influence. The findings also suggest that SETA programs are an important mechanism in creating security PA.Originality/value The paper expands the literature in IS security that has examined the role of moral evaluations. Drawing upon MD theory and social cognitive theory, the paper points to the central role of SETA and security PA in reducing MD of security policy violations, and ultimately the likelihood of this behavior. The paper not only contributes to theory but also provides important insights for practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]