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The article "Species Contributions to Pollinator-Mediated Reproductive Interactions in Alpine Meadow" explores how certain plant species, known as "magnet species," attract a wide range of pollinators and promote the reproductive fitness of other species in the community. The presence of these magnet species plays a key role in structuring reproductive interactions and facilitating species coexistence within the ecosystem. The study was conducted in an experimental block on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau in China and emphasizes the importance of understanding the mechanisms behind positive pollinator-mediated interactions for biodiversity conservation. [Extracted from the article]

In order to investigate the response mechanism of Ranunculus japonicus, Thalictrum fortunei and Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri in different light environments, five shade treatment levels(0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 90% shade degrees)were set in this study, the photosynthetic indexes of the three plants were determined, and the effects of different shade treatments on their photosynthetic characteristics and shade-tolerance evaluation were studied. The results were as follows: with the increase of shading degree,(1)The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll(a+b)and carotenoid increased, while the content of chlorophyll a/b decreased.(2)The apparent quantum yield(AQY)of the three plants increased first and then decreased; the maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax)of Ranunculus japonicus and Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri showed a trend of first rising and then decreasing, while the Pmax of Thalictrum fortunei showed a decreasing trend. The light saturation point(LSP), light compensation point(LCP)and dark respiration rate(Rd)of the three plants decreased gradually.(3)The original fluorescence(Fo)decreased first and then increased, while the maximum fluorescence(Fm), variable fluorescence(Fv), maximum photochemical efficiency of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fm)and potential activity of PS Ⅱ(Fv/Fo)values increased first and then decreased; the quantum ratio of heat dissipation(φDo)and the energy dissipated per unit reaction center(DIo/RC)decreased first and then increased, while electron transport quantum yield(φEo), light energy absorbed per unit reaction center(ABS/RC), light energy captured per unit reaction center(TRo/RC), energy used to transfer electrons per unit reaction center(ETo/RC), photosynthetic performance index(PIabs)and comprehensive performance index(PItotal)increased first and then decreased.(4)Comprehensive analysis on 20 single indicators by using analysis methods such as principal component analysis and membership function method showed that the shade-tolerance of the three plants ranked as Thalictrum fortunei > Delphinium anthriscifolium var. savatieri > R. japonicus. In conclusion, the three species have different adaptability to light, which provides a reference for the application of Ranunculaceae plants in landscaping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work started from the collection of plant material that, at a first analysis regarding the morphological characters, was classified as R. auricomus, but the basal leaves showed incisions that clearly separate it from the above-mentioned species. The detailed laboratory analysis of the material collected from Preajba - Dolj county led us to the conclusion that the studied material belongs to Ranunculus binatus Kit. ex Rchb. Opinions regarding the taxonomic position of this taxon are divided. In Romanian literature, this species is included in Ranunculus auricomus var. binatus, but foreign literature accepts the scientific name also presented by us, rarely R. auricomus subsp. binatus (Kit. ex Rchb.) Jasiewicz. The initial description of this taxon was based on material collected from Transylvania (Romania) (1832). The present paper discusses the material collected by the author and brings new contributions regarding the chorology of this species in Romania. Moreover, a map distribution of the species is also made in correlation with the average annual precipitation and temperatures in Romania. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Ranunculus cantoniensis DC. (Ranunculaceae): an addition to the flora of West Bengal, India" discusses the discovery of a new species of Ranunculus in West Bengal. The researchers collected specimens and conducted an analysis to confirm the identity of the species. The article provides detailed information on the habitat, distribution, and characteristics of the species, making it valuable for botanists and researchers interested in the flora of West Bengal. Additionally, the article cites two other publications that may be useful for researchers studying Ranunculus or related topics. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract Background Thalictrum foliolosum, a member of the Ranunculus family, is recognized for its therapeutic potential in addressing gastric issues, dyspepsia, tooth pain, abdominal colic pain, and piles. The diverse array of secondary metabolites present in the plant contributes to these therapeutic applications. This study aims to uncover and quantify the bioactive secondary metabolites found in the unexplored leaves, stems, and roots of T. foliolosum. Additionally, we also aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and MIC values of these extracts against a panel of pathogenic bacteria, such as pathogenic strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutant and Staphylococcus aureus. Result HPLC analysis suggested all examined compounds were found significantly more in root parts of plant. To determine the potential antimicrobial activity of different plant parts result suggested chloroform fraction of root most effective with variable potency against each examined pathogen at 25–100 µg/ml extracts which indicated rich content of berberine in this fraction. Minimum MIC (121.26 µg/mL) of the chloroform fraction of the root was also supported the results. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis by gas chromatography revealed that the stem contained high levels of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid, all of which have antibacterial properties. Conclusion The potential antimicrobial activity of extracts of various plant parts strongly supports the T. foliolosum plant's widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of various chronic diseases and adulterants with various associated medicinal plant species.

A new species of Ranunculus from Elko County, Nevada, R. legerae, is described and illustrated. It is related to R. triternatus, R. glaberimmus, and R. adoneus. The earliest known collection was made in 1937. Poor label information prevented rediscovery, which did not happen until 2017. The second author discovered a large population in 2022 which led to this study and article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus illyricus is a typical xerothermic plant. The main part of its northern distribution area lies in the territory of Slovakia. Based on an intensive field study and the revision of herbarium specimens in central European herbaria, we prepared an updated distribution map of Ranunculus illyricus in Slovakia. The species was recorded in Slovakia in 16 phytogeographical districts situated in the area of the Pannonian and nine in the area of the Carpathian flora, respectively. The species is continuously widespread in southern parts of the country; towards the east, the number of populations significantly decreases, but the populations are often numerous. Based on the distributional data, the inclusion of Ranunculus illyricus into the near threatened (NT) category in the current Red List of Flowering Plants in Slovakia is correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Phenotypic complexity in species complexes and recently radiated lineages has resulted in a diversity of forms that have historically been classified into separate taxa. Increasingly, with the proliferation of high-throughput sequencing methods, additional layers of complexity have been recognized, such as frequent hybridization and reticulation, which may call into question the previous morphological groupings of closely related organisms. Methods: We investigated Northern European, Asian, and Beringian populations of Ranunculus auricomus agg. with phylogenomic analysis of 736 genes and 27,586 SNPs in order to deduce the interrelatedness and hybrid origin of this phenotypically and taxonomically complicated group from Europe characterized by a history of hybridization, polyploidy, apomixis, and recent radiation. The ploidy levels and the reproductive mode of the Northern European populations were assessed via flow cytometric seed screening. In addition, in order to examine the phenotypic plasticity of the dwarf forms previously described as species and summarized as the Ranunculus monophyllus group, we conducted climate chamber experiments under cold (northern) and warm (temperate) conditions. Results: The Northern European populations are tetra- to hexaploid and propagate primarily through apomixis. The complex is characterized by highly reticulate relationships. Genetic differentiation of the main clusters has occurred between the above-mentioned geographical regions. We find evidence for the hybrid origin of the taxa in these areas with differing genomic contributions from the geographically nearest European sexual progenitor species. Furthermore, polyphyly in the taxa of the R. monophyllus group is supported. Experiments show low lability in the traits associated with the R. monophyllus group. Discussion: We conclude that multiple adaptations of hybrids to colder climates and shorter vegetation periods have shaped the phenotypes of the R. monophyllus group, and we suggest a formal classification as nothotaxa within the R. auricomus group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic flora of Dagestan, the diverse region connecting the Caucasian and Aralo-Caspian floristic provinces, received little research effort. Therefore, we conducted two expeditions across aquatic and wetland habitats of Dagestan in June and September 2021 and analyzed public records of aquatic plants from the GBIF database. We report new data on distribution of 35 aquatic vascular plants taxa in Dagestan. A hybrid between Ranunculus peltatus and R. trichophyllus was firstly reported in Russia, although no occurrences of R. peltatus are known in the country. Najas major and hybrid Potamogeton × salicifolius (P. lucens × P. perfoliatus) are new to the Caucasus, and five more species are new to Dagestan (Myriophyllum sibiricum, Najas graminea, Potamogeton pusillus, Typha domingensis, Utricularia minor). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, all authors in Latvia summarise all agamic species of the Ranunculus auricomus complex under three species, auricomus L., R. fallax (Wimm. et Grab) Sloboda, and R. cassubicus L. However, there are many compelling studies showing that the R. auricomus complex is a large assembly of apomictic microspecies. In this article, 17 species of the R. cassubicus group in Latvia are presented: R. angustior (Markl.) Ericss. R. cajanderi (Fagerstr.) Ericss., R. cassubicus L. s.str., R. circinatifrons (Markl.) Ericss., R. elatior (Fries.) Ericss., R. hannae Jasiew., R. imitans (Markl.) Ericss., R. inopinus (Markl.) Ericss., R. karelicus (Markl.) Ericss., R. macrantherus (Markl.) Ericss., R. niepolomicensis Jasiew., R. pawlowskii Jasiew., R. prorsidens (Markl.) Ericss., R. scalaridens (Markl.) Ericss., R. serratifrons (Markl.) Ericss., R. svirensis (Markl.) Ericss., and R. tranzschelii (Fagerstr.) Ericss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Ranunculus L. genus contains 413 species, and it is the biggest genus in the family Ranunculaceae Juss. This review is to provide botanical characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, toxicity, and pharmaceutical preparations of the genus Ranunculus. Key findings: The genus Ranunculus contains flavonoids, organic acids, coumarins, lactones, glycosides, sterols, polysaccharides, and trace elements. These chemical constituents complement the pharmacological actions and work together to exert anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitubercular, antibacterial, antimalarial, etc. Those traditional Chinese medicine characteristics, like clearing away heat and detoxification, make this genus significant in ethnic medicine. The progress in research and the development of various pharmaceutical preparations made it appear in epidemiological and clinical studies. Summary: The genus Ranunculus has attracted the attention of experts and scholars in many fields due to its unique advantages. However, there are many species that are not scientifically investigated. The toxicity issues are also a huge concern. Fortunately, the toxicity can be overcome via special processes like drying or heating and by choosing a safe extraction solvent, such as water thus ensuring the safety of medication. Pharmaceutical preparations containing the plants from Ranunculus have gratifying clinical value, but they are not promoted sufficiently. Therefore, further research should be carried out to promote the genus for its health benefits to humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Thalictrum foliolosum, a member of the Ranunculus family, is recognized for its therapeutic potential in addressing gastric issues, dyspepsia, tooth pain, abdominal colic pain, and piles. The diverse array of secondary metabolites present in the plant contributes to these therapeutic applications. This study aims to uncover and quantify the bioactive secondary metabolites found in the unexplored leaves, stems, and roots of T. foliolosum. Additionally, we also aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and MIC values of these extracts against a panel of pathogenic bacteria, such as pathogenic strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus mutant and Staphylococcus aureus. Result: HPLC analysis suggested all examined compounds were found significantly more in root parts of plant. To determine the potential antimicrobial activity of different plant parts result suggested chloroform fraction of root most effective with variable potency against each examined pathogen at 25–100 µg/ml extracts which indicated rich content of berberine in this fraction. Minimum MIC (121.26 µg/mL) of the chloroform fraction of the root was also supported the results. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis by gas chromatography revealed that the stem contained high levels of fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, and linolenic acid, all of which have antibacterial properties. Conclusion: The potential antimicrobial activity of extracts of various plant parts strongly supports the T. foliolosum plant's widespread use in folk medicine for the treatment of various chronic diseases and adulterants with various associated medicinal plant species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate the effects of radix Ranunculus ternatus saponins on sarcoma osteogenic-2 cell malignancy and its possible mechanism. Sarcoma osteogenic-2 cells were treated with different doses (50, 100, 200 mg/l) of radix Ranunculus ternatus saponins for 24 h. Effect of radix Ranunculus ternatus saponins on sarcoma osteogenic-2 cell malignant behaviors were detected by cell counting, colony formation, wound-healing, and transwell invasion assays. Protein levels were detected by Western blotting. Treatment with radix Ranunculus ternatus saponins repressed the proliferative, migratory, and invading capacities of sarcoma osteogenic-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Radix Ranunculus ternatus saponins reduced neural-cadherin protein levels and elevated epithelial-cadherin protein levels. MicroRNA-1305 was downregulated in osteosarcoma samples, while microRNA-1305 was elevated in microRNA-1305 treated sarcoma osteogenic-2 cells. Upregulation of microRNA-1305 restrained sarcoma osteogenic-2 cell proliferation, metastasis, and invasion, while microRNA-1305 knockdown radix Ranunculus ternatus saponins-mediated inhibiting effects on sarcoma osteogenic-2 cell malignant behaviors. Radix Ranunculus ternatus saponins might inhibit sarcoma osteogenic-2 cell malignant behaviors by up-regulating miR-1305, which has a potential value for osteosarcoma treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hyporheic water exchange driven by groundwater-surface water interactions constitutes habitat conditions for aquatic biota. In our study, we conducted a field-research-based analysis of hyporheic water exchange to reveal whether the hyporheic water exchange differentiates particular Ranunculus sp. habitats. We measured the density of the stream of upwelling and hydraulic gradients of water residing in the hyporheic zone in 19 Polish rivers. We revealed that R. peltatus and R. penicillatus persist in habitats of considerably higher hyporheic water exchange upwelling flux (respectively 0.0852 m3∙d−1∙m−2 and 0.0952 m3∙d−1∙m−2) than R. circinatus, R. fluitans, and a hybrid of R. circinatus × R. fluitans (respectively m3∙d−1∙m−2; 0.0222 m3∙d−1∙m−2 and 0.0717 m3∙d−1∙m−2). The presented results can be used to indicate aquatic habitat suitability in the case of protection and management of ecosystems settled by Ranunculus sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing trend of introducing wild plant species into urban environments necessitates the identification of novel species adapted to prevailing conditions. A promising reservoir of such species may be xerothermic communities where Ranunculus illyricus occurs. This study aimed to establish a micropropagation protocol for R. illyricus using indirect organogenesis. The protocol includes initiation of culture from various explants, callus proliferation, shoot regeneration, multiplication, and concurrent rooting. Callus appeared on most types of vegetative explants tested, but stolons were considered the best due to their good availability, high disinfection (85%), and robust callus production (maximum increase − 363.1%). The growth rate of the callus fresh matter (CFM) obtained from stolons was calculated. Greater CFM was obtained on the medium with the supplemented picloram 8.0 mg L− 1 with kinetin 5.0 mg L− 1 and in second part of experiment on medium with the addition of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 2.0 mg L− 1 alone or picloram 6.0 mg L− 1 with kinetin 8.0 mg L− 1. Shoot organogenesis was observed on macronutrients B5 (Gamborg medium), micronutrients MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with the addition of 2.0 mg L− 1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and 4.0 mg L− 1 BAP (6-benzylaminopurine). To document the process of callus differentiation, microscopic preparations were prepared. Subsequently, the regenerated plants underwent acclimatisation and their growth in an ex situ collection was monitored over three growing seasons. In particular, in vitro-origin plants exhibited developmental patterns similar to those of their seed-origin counterparts. The incorporation of R. illyricus into urban landscapes not only increases aesthetic appeal, but also ensures the preservation of valuable genetic resources for this rare species, potentially contributing to effective ex situ conservation in the future. This marks the first scientific report on in vitro cultures of R. illyricus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on Ranunculus sceleratus L. have shown the existence of coumarins and their anti-inflammatory effect. Phytochemical work was conducted to investigate the bioactive compounds, leading to the isolation of two undescribed benzopyran derivatives, namely ranunsceleroside A (1) and B (3), together with two known coumarins (2, 4) from the whole plant of R. sceleratus L. All compounds were structurally identified by extensive spectroscopic analysis and then investigated for their inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages, repectively. As a result, compound 1-4 presented inhibitory effects on the production of NO, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in a concentration-dependent manner, which provides a potential chemical basis for the traditional use of R. sceleratus L. as an anti-inflammatory plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria poses an imminent and clear threat to human health. Acinetobacter baumanii is such an organism, which may cause up to 40% mortality due to bacteremia. Ranunculus kotschyi, a widespread herb, is utilized in Türkiye for treatment of rheumatism, leg pain and bruises in folk medicine, and also consumed as food. Molecular identification of Ranunculus kotschyi was performed using ITS1 partial sequence, 5.8S and ITS2 partial sequence. Phylogenetic analyses of the plant were conducted. The plant sample was extracted and fractioned using activity guided fractionation to yield an active fraction (RK4A). RK4A was analysed using LC-QTOF-MS and the presence of syringic acid in RK4A was revealed. The antimicrobial effects of RK4A and syringic acid against multi-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumanii, as well as other pathogens, namely Klebsiella pneumonia, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis, were screened in broth media. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were determined using microdilution method. Our results revealed that RK4A and syringic inhibited growth of all tested bacteria in broth. The MIC values of RK4A against Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis were 500, 62.5, 31.25, 125 and 15.525 µg/ml, respectively. The MIC values of syringic acid against Acinetobacter baumanii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis were 1000, 62.5, 62.5, 125 and 31.25 µg/ml, respectively. Our results suggest that Ranunculus kotschyi and syringic acid may provide alternatives in the treatment of infections caused by A. baumanii and other multidrug-resistant bacteria. Further research is needed in order to discover action mechanisms of the reported antimicrobial effects and enhance the observed effects of RK4A and syringic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jordan's flora is known for its rich diversity, with a grand sum of 2978 plant species that span 142 families and 868 genera across four different zones. Eight genera belonging to four different plant families have been recognized for their potential natural medicinal properties within the Mediterranean region. These genera include Chrysanthemum L., Onopordum Vaill. Ex. L., Phagnalon Cass., and Senecio L. from the Asteraceae family, in addition to Clematis L. and Ranunculus L. from the Ranunculaceae family, Anchusa L. from the Boraginaceae family, and Eryngium L. from the Apiaceae family. The selected genera show a wide variety of secondary metabolites with encouraging pharmacological characteristics including antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, and neuroprotective actions. Further research on these genera and their extracts will potentially result in the formulation of novel and potent natural pharmaceuticals. Overall, Jordan's rich flora provides a valuable resource for exploring and discovering new plant-based medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The European Ranunculus acris is an invasive species in the world, and has been reported for the Northeast and South of Argentina. However, its presence is not conclusive, and it is not mentioned in recent floras of the country. The objective of the work is to confirm the presence of the species R. acris in Argentina and its naturalization in Tierra del Fuego. In addition, it is proposed to analyze its morphology and its potential invasive behavior in the new environment. M&M: Herbarium specimens of R. acris and other species of the genus Ranunculus, and populations in its natural environment, in anthropized areas of the city of Ushuaia and surrounding areas, Tierra del Fuego, were studied. The morphology was comparatively analyzed and the taxonomic identity was established based on the type material, and previous descriptions and keys. To study the invasive potential of R. acris, an invasion risk matrix and specialized literature were used. Results: The presence of R. acris is confirmed for Argentina, expanding its range of distribution in the extreme south of the country, and it is recognized as naturalized in Tierra del Fuego. Based on the morphological analysis, glabrous receptacle, erect habit and deeply lobed leaves were identified as characters of taxonomic value. According to the analysis of the invasion risk matrix, it is established that R. acris has a high invasive potential. Conclusion: Ranunculus species for Tierra del Fuego increase by nine, two of them being exotic. The possibility of eliminating naturalized populations of R. acris in the extreme South of Argentina should be evaluated due to its high invasive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global climate change, it is of great interest to assess the adaptive capabilities of the glacial relics of Ranunculus kamtschaticus DC. of the Urals and the prospects for their conservation has a high degree of ecological specialization for high mountain conditions and extremely low plasticity. It is preserved in the midlands of the Urals on individual peaks. The life form of R. kamtschaticus in the Ural fragment of its range is a brush-rooted non-turf polycarpic grass with erect assimilating shoots of a non-succulent type. The variability of the development of its shoots and shoot systems under the influence of climatic and weather conditions is shown, the preferential development of shoots with an incomplete development cycle is noted. Irregular fruiting, a long period of germination, and rapid loss of seed germination reduce the competitiveness of R. kamtschaticus in the Urals and its ability to colonize new territories. Threat assessment according to IUCN criteria showed that populations of the species in the Komi Republic and Sverdlovsk oblast are in critical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionPhenotypic complexity in species complexes and recently radiated lineages has resulted in a diversity of forms that have historically been classified into separate taxa. Increasingly, with the proliferation of high-throughput sequencing methods, additional layers of complexity have been recognized, such as frequent hybridization and reticulation, which may call into question the previous morphological groupings of closely related organisms.MethodsWe investigated Northern European, Asian, and Beringian populations of Ranunculus auricomus agg. with phylogenomic analysis of 736 genes and 27,586 SNPs in order to deduce the interrelatedness and hybrid origin of this phenotypically and taxonomically complicated group from Europe characterized by a history of hybridization, polyploidy, apomixis, and recent radiation. The ploidy levels and the reproductive mode of the Northern European populations were assessed via flow cytometric seed screening. In addition, in order to examine the phenotypic plasticity of the dwarf forms previously described as species and summarized as the Ranunculus monophyllus group, we conducted climate chamber experiments under cold (northern) and warm (temperate) conditions.ResultsThe Northern European populations are tetra- to hexaploid and propagate primarily through apomixis. The complex is characterized by highly reticulate relationships. Genetic differentiation of the main clusters has occurred between the above-mentioned geographical regions. We find evidence for the hybrid origin of the taxa in these areas with differing genomic contributions from the geographically nearest European sexual progenitor species. Furthermore, polyphyly in the taxa of the R. monophyllus group is supported. Experiments show low lability in the traits associated with the R. monophyllus group.DiscussionWe conclude that multiple adaptations of hybrids to colder climates and shorter vegetation periods have shaped the phenotypes of the R. monophyllus group, and we suggest a formal classification as nothotaxa within the R. auricomus group.

AbstractRanunculus ternatus Thunb. 1784 is a plant with important medicinal values. Here we report its chloroplast genome. This chloroplast genome was 156,003 bp in length with a GC content of 37.86%. It is composed of a large single copy (LSC) of 85,397 bp and a small single copy (SSC) of 19,856 bp, which are separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) of 25,375 bp each. The chloroplast genome contained 110 unique genes, including 77 protein-coding genes, 4 rRNA genes, and 29 tRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that R. ternatus was closely related to R. cassubicifolius. This chloroplast genome not only enriches the genome information of Ranunculus but also will be useful for the evolution study of the family Ranunculaceae.

Introducción y objetivos: la especie europea Ranunculus acris es invasora en el mundo, y ha sido citada para el noreste y sur de Argentina. Sin embargo, su presencia no es concluyente, no citándose en floras recientes del país. El objetivo del trabajo es confirmar la presencia de la especie R. acris en Argentina y su naturalización en Tierra del Fuego. Además, se propone analizar su morfología y su potencial comportamiento invasor en el nuevo ambiente. M&M: Se estudiaron especímenes herborizados de R. acris y otras especies del género Ranunculus, y poblaciones en su ambiente natural, en zonas antropizadas de la ciudad de Ushuaia y alrededores, Tierra del Fuego. Se analizó de forma comparada la morfología y estableció la identidad taxonómica sobre la base del material tipo, y descripciones y claves previas. Para estudiar el potencial invasor de R. acris se utilizó una matriz de riesgo de invasión y bibliografía especializada. Resultados: Se confirma la presencia de R. acris para Argentina, ampliando su rango de distribución en el extremo sur del país, y se reconoce como naturalizada en Tierra del Fuego. Sobre la base del análisis morfológico se identificó el receptáculo glabro, el hábito erecto y las hojas profundamente lobadas como caracteres de valor taxonómico. Según el análisis de la matriz de riesgo de invasión, se establece que R. acris posee un alto potencial invasor. Conclusión: Las especies de Ranunculus para Tierra del Fuego se incrementan en nueve, siendo dos de ellas exóticas. Debería evaluarse la posibilidad de eliminar las poblaciones naturalizadas de R. acris en el extremo sur argentino debido a su alto potencial invasor.

Background: Animal trypanosomiasis is a major livestock problem due to its socioeconomic impacts in tropical countries. Currently used trypanocides are toxic, expensive, and the parasites have developed resistance to the existing drugs, which calls for an urgent need of new effective and safe chemotherapeutic agents from alternative sources such as medicinal plants. In Ethiopian traditional medicine fresh leaves of Ranunculus multifidus Forsk, are used for the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis. The present study aimed to evaluate the antitrypanosomal activity of the fresh leaves of R. multifidus and its major compound anemonin against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate. Methods: Fresh leaves of R. multifidus were extracted by maceration with 80% methanol and hydro-distillation to obtain the corresponding extracts. Anemonin was isolated from the hydro-distilled extract by preparative TLC. For the in vitro assay, 0.1, 0.4, 2 and 4 mg/ml of the test substances were incubated with parasites and cessation or drop in motility of the parasites was monitored for a total duration of 1 h. In the in vivo assay, the test substances were administered intraperitoneally daily for 7 days to mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense. Diminazene aceturate and 1% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) were used as positive and negative controls, respectively. Results: Both extracts showed antitrypanosomal activity although the hydro-distilled extract demonstrated superior activity compared to the hydroalcoholic extract. At a concentration of 4 mg/ml, the hydro-distilled extract drastically reduced motility of trypanosomes within 20 min. Similarly, anemonin at the same concentration completely immobilized trypanosomes within 5 min of incubation, while diminazene aceturate (28.00 mg/kg/day) immobilized the parasites within 10 min. In the in vivo antitrypanosomal assay, anemonin eliminates parasites at all the tested doses (8.75, 17.00 and 35.00 mg/kg/day) and prevented relapse, while in diminazene aceturate-treated mice the parasites reappeared on days 12 to 14. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that the fresh leaves of R. multifidus possess genuine antitrypanosomal activity supporting the use of the plant for the treatment of animal trypanosomiasis in traditional medicine. Furthermore, anemonin appears to be responsible for the activity suggesting its potential as a scaffold for the development of safe and cost effective antitrypanosomal agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus acris L. is a native species widely distributed throughout Europe and is invasive in nonnative areas, causing substantial economic losses in pasture productivity. The present study examined the effects of sodic salinity on the growth and functioning of this species. Salinity stresses the germination process and seedling growth, indicating that the studied species experience serious limitations at 60–90 mmol dm−3 NaCl and cannot establish in habitats where salinity is equal to or greater than 150 mmol dm−3 NaCl. R. acris is tuned to subsaline habitats characteristic of temperate meadows, as its growth and functioning were the best when the plants were treated with 30 mmol dm−3 NaCl. Increasing salinity (60 and 90 mmol dm−3 NaCl) hampered growth, leaf morphology and photosynthesis but not mineral nutrition, as Na accumulation seemed to be the most outlined effect of NaCl application. Changes in leaf morphological characteristics coordinated well with Na content in those organs, which indicates that leaf appearance can be easily catchable sign of progressing salinity. Ultimately, progressing salinity reduces the competitiveness of the studied species, shifting its strategy to ruderal behavior, but under subsaline conditions, the strategy of this species seems to be most balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) additions on several growth variables of R. asiaticus in a greenhouse under a typically dry environment of the Mexicali valley. Design/methodology/approach: The variables determined were, bud opening rate, flower diameter, height of stem and bud growing rate and completely randomized block experimental design under a 2 by 4 factorial arrangement and three replicates was used for setting up the treatments with rates AVG of 0,100,150 and 200 mg L-1 over La Belle Deep Rose (DER) and La Belle Dark Orange (DAR) R. asiaticus cultivars. Results: The optimal dose of AVG for reducing flower bud diameter on both cultivars were those of 200 and 100 mg L-1 respectively. Also, AVG addition had a significant effect in reducing stem height and growing rate for both cultivars. Limitations on study/implications: The use of AVG has shown good results as inhibitor of ethylene synthesis and extension of shelf life in carnations, snap dragons (Antirrhinum), ripening of fruits, and to reduce abortion of female flowers in certain species of walnuts, so, based on the above and considering the lack of information regarding the use of AVG inhibitor in the opening of Persian Buttercup flower buds was used AVG in R. asiaticus. Findings/conclusions: AVG addition on plants of R. asiaticus had a significant effect reducing growth, both in diameter and height in the La Belle Deep Rose (DER) and La Belle Dark Orange (DAR) varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The taxonomic status of many Southern European taxa of the Ranunculus auricomus complex remains uncertain despite this region's proximity to the native ranges of the sexual progenitor species of the complex. We investigated whether additional sexual progenitor species are present in the Mediterranean region. Utilizing target enrichment of 736 single-copy nuclear gene regions and flow cytometry, we analyzed phylogenomic relationships, the ploidy level, and the reproductive mode in representatives of 16 populations in Southern Europe, with additional sequence data from herbarium collections. Additionally, phased sequence assemblies from suspected nothotaxa were mapped to previously described sexual progenitor species in order to determine hybrid ancestry. We found the majority of Mediterranean taxa to be tetraploid, with hybrid populations propagating primarily via apomixis. Phylogenomic analysis revealed that except for the progenitor species, the Mediterranean taxa are often polyphyletic. Most apomictic taxa showed evidence of mixed heritage from progenitor species, with certain progenitor genotypes having mapped more to the populations from adjacent geographical regions. Geographical trends were found in phylogenetic distance, roughly following an east-to-west longitudinal demarcation of the complex, with apomicts extending to the southern margins. Additionally, we observed post-hybridization divergence between the western and eastern populations of nothotaxa in Southern Europe. Our results support a classification of apomictic populations as nothotaxa, as previously suggested for Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus lingua is an Euro-Siberian vascular plant species of freshwater habitats. Distribution and vegetation preferences of this rare species, which is native to the Slovak flora, have not yet been critically revised. The present paper aimed i) to provide the first complex distribution pattern of this species in Slovakia and ii) to analyse all available vegetation plots with species occurrence in order to elucidate the variability of plant communities. The distribution data were retrieved from herbarium specimens, literature records and field surveys. Our revision suggests that R. lingua was found particularly in the lowland areas of the western, south-western and south-eastern parts of the country. It was very rare in other regions of Slovakia, and several populations have become extinct due to drainage or habitat destruction. New localities of secondary origin were additionally documented in some human-made habitats. The temporal trend showed a strong decrease in the number of localities in natural habitats, mainly in the hilly and mountainous regions of the Western Carpathians from the 1980s to the end of the twentieth century. R. lingua was recorded in both forest and treeless swamp communities. Vegetation analysis revealed numerous records mainly in eutrophic marshes (Phragmito-Magnocaricetea class), willow and alder carrs (Franguletea and Alnetea glutinosae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus asiaticus L. is an ornamental geophyte. In commercial practice, it is mainly propagated by rehydrated tuberous roots. Vernalization before planting is a common practice to overcome the natural dormancy of tuberous roots; however, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the plant's response to low temperatures. We investigated the influence of three preparation procedures of tuberous roots, only rehydration (control, C), and rehydration plus vernalization at 3.5 °C for 2 weeks (V2) and for 4 weeks (V4), on plant growth, leaf photosynthesis, flowering, and metabolism in plants of two hybrids, MBO (early flowering, pale orange flower) and MDR (medium earliness, bright orange flower), grown in pots in an unheated greenhouse. We reported the responses observed in the aerial part in a previous article in this journal. In this paper, we show changes in the underground organs in carbohydrate, amino acids, polyphenols, and protein levels throughout the growing cycle in the different plant stages: pre-planting, vegetative growth, and flowering. The metabolic profile revealed that the two hybrids had different responses to the root preparation procedure. In particular, MBO synthesized GABA and alanine after 2 weeks and sucrose after 4 weeks of vernalization. In contrast, MDR was more sensitive to vernalization; in fact, a higher synthesis of polyphenols was observed. However, both hybrids synthesized metabolites that could withstand exposure to low temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ethanol extract from aerial parts of Ranunculus were investigated for its chemical composition by LC-ESI-MS/MS technique, which allowed to identify a series of glycosylated flavonoids and one phenolic acid. RBEE extract showed acetyl-cholinesterase inhibition higher than the reference compound Galantamine at a concentrationof 200 µg/mL. A moderate antibacterial activity of the extract was also obtained against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC43300, Citrobacter freundii ATCC8090, and Proteus vulgaris ATCC29905 at a concentration 100 µg. Additionally, a good reduction in plasma coagulation time at 200 μL was also observed for RBEE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A laboratory experiment was performed to find out the potential bioaccumulation of metals (Al, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb, Fe, Mn) in aquatic plants acting as natural biosorbents in the environment depending on the variation of water pH. Two plants were selected for the study: branched bur-reed—Sparganium erectum L., as a representative of emergent plants; and river water-crowfoot—Ranunculus fluitans Wimm., 1841, as a representative of submergent plants. The bioaccumulation of metals in plants relative to water (BCFW) was determined, and the metal pollution index (MPI) was calculated. The metal content in water and plants before the experiment was arranged in the following series of increasing values: Cd = Ni < Cu < Pb < Mn < Al < Fe (water) and Cd < Cu < Ni < Pb < Al < Fe < Mn (in both plants). The lowest concentration of cadmium was found in water both at the end and beginning of the experiment. In turn, aluminum level increased, and its concentration was the highest in both acidic and alkaline water. This suggests that aluminum is definitely more available to the organisms living in it under such conditions, and in higher concentrations may be a limiting factor for them. Bioaccumulation of metals (BCFW) in neutral and alkaline environments was higher in branched bur-reed, and in acidic conditions in river water-crowfoot. This may provide a basis for using specific plant species to selectively accumulate metals depending on the range of water pH. This is also supported by the MPI values, which indicate that they have a very high and often the highest impact on metal pollution levels. The observed variability of metals bioaccumulation against the condition of hydromacrophytes makes it possible to consider these plants as biosorbents used in constructed biological treatment plants, which, depending on the species placed there, can selectively absorb particular trace elements. The plants used in the experiment are common hydromacrophytes of Europe, so they can be used in the construction of artificial wetlands across the continent. The apparent diversity of metal accumulation in relation to hydromacrophytes indicates that this type of site can be inhabited by specific species, which can significantly improve the purification of natural or anthropogenic water reservoirs, i.e., those that are intended to perform a filtering function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An extensive literature and herbarium study of the Greek Ranunculus sect. Batrachium was carried out. The occurrence of Ranunculus aquatilis in Greece (Crete) was confirmed and another location was detected in the northernmost part of the country. The species has been reported from other parts of Greece, but these reports were based on confusion with similar taxa. An additional location of the recently described species Ranunculus dahlgreniae was communicated. As the species has been collected before without being recognized as a separate taxon, revision of the available material will be necessary. A complete list of the Greek taxa of R. sect. Batrachium has been supplied. Eight species were recognized, while three species mentioned in literature were excluded. Phytogeographic characteristics have been given for all species. A key to the species was outlined allowing verification of their distribution during future research. Due to the phenotypic and geographical variation of the species, the key must be applied with care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus japonicus Thunb. is a traditional Chinese herb. Plants in the genus Ranunculus are generally rich in flavonoids, which have antibacterial, anti‐infective, and other pharmacological effects. However, owing to the lack of reference genomes, little is known about the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in R. japonicus. In this study, PacBio isoform sequencing (PacBio iso‐seq) and DNA nanoball sequencing (DNB‐seq) were combined to build a full‐length transcriptome database for three different tissues of R. japonicus. A total of 395,402 full‐length transcripts were obtained, of which 308,474 were successfully annotated. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis identified 29 differentially expressed genes encoding nine key enzymes for flavonoid biosynthesis. Correlation analysis indicated that flavanone 3‐hydroxylase and flavonol synthase genes might have key roles in the accumulation of flavonoid substances in the different tissues of R. japonicus. The structures of chalcone synthase and chalcone isomerase enzymes were spatially modeled. Reverse‐transcription quantitative PCR was used to verify gene expression levels of key enzymes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis. In addition, 22 MYB transcription factors involved in flavonoid biosynthesis and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis were discovered. The reliable transcriptomic data from this study provide genetic information about R. japonicus as well as insights into the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis. The results also provide a basis for developing the medicinal value R. japonicus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 30 years, the area occupied by pearorchards, in Romania, is decreasing from 9974 ha to 4827.05 ha. Favorable conditions for pear cultivation can be found in 14 counties. Orchards are annually infested with weeds that compete with fruit trees for nutrients, space, water, light and reduce growth, vigor, flowering, production and fruit quality. Herbicides are an effective, easy and relatively cheap method of weed control. The effectiveness of herbicides against weeds is different for each species. The aim of this study was to reduce populations of Lamium purpureum and Ranunculus repens by using MCPA and Fluroxypyr-methyl. The testing of herbicides against the two weed species (Ranunculus repens and Lamium purpureum, was carried out in the Orchards Experimental Research Station - Lugoj Herindești (Timiș county). The experimental field included 5 variants: three treated with the hormonal herbicide MCPA 50% DMA (0.9 l/ha, 1.2 l/ha, 1.5 l/ha), one in which the herbicide Cerlit was applied (1.0 l/ha) and a control untreated variant. These herbicides were applied post-emergence (21.04.2022). The impact of MCPA and fluroxypyr, in the control of Ranunculus repens and Lamium purpureum species, was determined 10-38 days after application. 10 days after applying the treatments, the species Lamium purpureum was reduced by 70-75%, regarding the species Ranunculus repens it was observed that the product MCPA 50% DMA 1.5 l/ha managed to reduce the population in percentage of 80%. At 38 days after application, an increase in the effectiveness of herbicides in the control of segetal species was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The present study describes a new Ditylenchus species, isolated from the bulbs of the Persian buttercup (Ranunculus asiaticus L.) imported from Israel at the Ningbo plant quarantine lab, Ningbo, P.R. China. Ditylenchus israelensis n. sp. is an amphimictic species; females have six incisures in the lateral field, a long and slim body, a delicate, short stylet (7-8 μ m) with small and rounded knobs, excretory pore in the anterior region of the basal pharyngeal bulb, posteriorly located vulva (V = 78.6-83.1), a short PUS (15.0-24.0 μ m), and a long conical tail with a pointed terminus. Males are similar to females in general morphology and have 14.0-18.0 μ m long spicules. The new species was also characterised molecularly using 18S, ITS and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA genes. Our phylogenetic analyses showed its independent position among available Ditylenchus species and a close phylogenetic affinity with D. valveus. Several Ditylenchus species are regulated pests; their detection in a given sample can implement quarantine measures. However, to our knowledge D. israelensis n. sp. did not cause any damage to the R. asiaticus bulbs. In addition, future studies regarding fecundity and host association may shed some light on the pathogenic potential of D. israelensis n. sp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the genetic variability of hybrids provides information on their current and future evolutionary role. In this paper, we focus on the interspecific hybrid Ranunculus circinatus × R. fluitans that forms spontaneously within the group Ranuculus L. sect. Batrachium DC. (Ranunculaceae Juss.). Genome-wide DNA fingerprinting using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) was employed to determine the genetic variation among 36 riverine populations of the hybrid and their parental species. The results demonstrate a strong genetic structure of R. circinatus × R. fluitans within Poland (Central Europe), which is attributed to independent hybridization events, sterility of hybrid individuals, vegetative propagation, and isolation through geographical distance within populations. The hybrid R. circinatus × R. fluitans is a sterile triploid, but, as we have shown in this study, it may participate in subsequent hybridization events, resulting in a ploidy change that can lead to spontaneous fertility recovery. The ability to produce unreduced female gametes of the hybrid R. circinatus × R. fluitans and the parental species R. fluitans is an important evolutionary mechanism in Ranunculus sect. Batrachium that could give rise to new taxa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus sceleratus (family: Ranunculaceae) is a medicinally and economically important plant; however, gaps in taxonomic and species identification limit its practical applicability. This study aimed to sequence the chloroplast genome of R. sceleratus from Republic of Korea. Chloroplast sequences were compared and analyzed among Ranunculus species. The chloroplast genome was assembled from Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing raw data. The genome was 156,329 bp and had a typical quadripartite structure comprising a small single-copy region, a large single-copy region, and two inverted repeats. Fifty-three simple sequence repeats were identified in the four quadrant structural regions. The region between the ndhC and trnV-UAC genes could be useful as a genetic marker to distinguish between R. sceleratus populations from Republic of Korea and China. The Ranunculus species formed a single lineage. To differentiate between Ranunculus species, we identified 16 hotspot regions and confirmed their potential using specific barcodes based on phylogenetic tree and BLAST-based analyses. The ndhE, ndhF, rpl23, atpF, rps4, and rpoA genes had a high posterior probability of codon sites in positive selection, while the amino acid site varied between Ranunculus species and other genera. Comparison of the Ranunculus genomes provides useful information regarding species identification and evolution that could guide future phylogenetic analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work reports the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) by applying an aqueous aerial extract of Ranunculus multifidus plant. The thermogravimetric analysis revealed that the prepared ZnO NPs are stable from 480 to 800°C. The diffraction study confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure for the synthesized ZnO NPs with the typical crystallite sizes of 47.92, 22.70, and 15.35 nm the volume ratios (extract to precursor) of 1 : 1, 3 : 2, and 2 : 3, respectively. The experimentally deduced Eg values are 1.82, 3.1, and 2.57 eV for 1 : 1, 3 : 2, and 2 : 3 ZnO NPs, respectively. The spherical and rod-like morphologies were confirmed for the NPs by the images taken using electron microscopy. The reducing agents in the aqueous extracts of R. multifidus converted the ionic zinc to zinc nanoparticles, and these NPs exhibit credible antibacterial effects against tested bacterial species. The biosynthesized ZnO NPs revealed significant antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. The order of the antibacterial potential of the NPs was found to follow the order: S. aureus (17.10 ± 0.45 mm) > B. subtilis (16.10 ± 0.15 mm) > E. coli (14.5 ± 0.32 mm) > P. aeruginosa (13 ± 0.0 mm). The antioxidant activities of the produced ZnO NPs in various ratios showed the potentiality of phytochemicals to scavenge the free radicals, which is encouraging for the discovery of novel compounds for the treatment of cancer diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perennial alpine herb Ranunculus membranaceus (Ranunculaceae) has significant medicinal value. The complete chloroplast genome of R. membranaceus was sequenced by high-throughput Illumina sequencing Platform Illumina NovaSeq 6000. The circular genome is 156,028 bp in size, including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,361 bp, a large single-copy (LSC) region of 85,491 bp, and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 19,815 bp. A total of 128 genes were annotated, namely 84 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. Two phylogenetic trees of 18 species of the tribe Ranunculeae species were constructed with Meconopsis punicea as the outgroup based on the whole chloroplast genomes and the concatenated sequence of PCGs, respectively. Phylogeny showed that R. membranaceus was closely related to R. yunnanensis. These data enrich knowledge of Ranunculaceae genetics and will contribute to further studies of R. membranaceus in molecular breeding, genetic transformation, species identification, genetic engineering and phylogenetic research.

Ranunculus reniformis Wall. ex Wight & Arn. is a rare species endemic to southern India (Western and Eastern Ghats), which is characterized by longpetiolate basal leaves with crenately dentate lamina. This species name is an illegitimate later homonym of R. reniformis Gilib. A new name, R. nilgiricus Sennikov & Val. N. Tikhom., is proposed to replace the later homonym. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Available information on the typification of the name Ranunculus rionii in the literature is scarce and misleading. Previously claimed type collections indicate Lagger as the collector, but the protologue discusses only the specimens collected by Rion. Original material for the name is identified, the locality of the type collection is specified, Lagger's way of writing herbarium labels for his type specimens is described, the history of the discovery of R. rionii is reviewed, and the name is lectotypified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asymmetric Configuration (As-Co) in the electrochemical noise (EN) was used to evaluate Ranunculus Arvensis / silver nanoparticles (RA/Ag NPs) as corrosion inhibitor for aluminum alloy (AA 2030) when gets exposed to 3.5% NaCl media. The ECN results of Asymmetric Configuration (As-Co) and Symmetric Configuration (Sy-Co) were interpreted using wavelet and statistical methods. The standard deviation of partial signal (SDPS) plots derived using of wavelet. The SDPS plot of As-Co demonstrated that the quantity of electric charge (Q) decreased with the addition of the inhibitor up to the optimum amount (200 ppm) due to the decreased corrosion rate. Moreover, the use of As- Co leads to record signal of one electrode and prevent recording extra signals arising from two identical electrodes which confirmed by the statistical parameters. The As-Co made of Al alloys were more satisfactory for estimating inhibiting effect of RA/Ag NPs compared to Sy-Co. Besides, aqueous extract of Ranunculus Arvensis (RA) plant as reducing agent mediates the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (RA/Ag NPs). The prepared NPs have been elaborately characterized using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) that revealed suitable synthesize of the RA/Ag NPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus is a well-known flower having a great economic value for its bright colors and vibrant patterns. Given the importance of the ranunculus cut flower, conducting this study elucidated the genetic behavior and variability of various morphological attributes in ranunculus genotypes. Assessment of six ranunculus genotypes measured germination percentage (%), days to emergence, days to maturity, stem length, stem thickness, flowers per plant, flower size, and flower duration on the plant. Analysis of variance depicted significant variation in all the studied traits except days to emergence, number of stems, and germination percentage. Clustering ranunculus genotype with the Euclidean distances-based hierarchical clustering resulted in two clusters of the genotype. One genotype (red) did not join any group, indicating an early separation of this genotype during the evolution of Ranunculus species. Correlation analysis showed that most studied traits negatively correlated, with only a few positively correlating traits. The number of flowers per plant and stem length showed a d positive correlation (0.7437 and 0.8064, respectively). Overall, the results showed that the red, yellow, and rose genotypes are the best performers for cultivation to produce betterquality flowers. Genetic analysis using line × tester analysis revealed higher values for the SCA component than GCA, suggesting non-additive gene action for most traits under study. Moreover, the hybrids developed in the current study developed new color combinations/shades. These hybrids could further benefit ranunculus stable variant improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plant Ranunculus acris (L.) is widespread. It is used in folk medicine. The use of herbal medicines can have adverse effects on humans and requires studies of herbal raw materials for genotoxicity. The goals of the study were to examine the toxic and genotoxic effects of aqueous solutions of R. acris flowers at concentrations of 0.625%, 1.25%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% using the Allium test and to determine the numbers of flavonoids and polyphenols and the antioxidant activity of the extracts. It has been shown that aqueous solutions of buttercup flower extract have a depressing effect on mitosis in the cells of the root meristem of Allium cepa (L.) and cause chromosomal abnormalities (chromosomal stickiness, chromosome lagging, nuclear buds and bridges in anaphase). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]