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This experimental study aimed to elucidate the optimal colchicine concentration for inducing polyploidy and to examine the morphological effects on Nigella sativa L. (family Ranunculaceae) plants recognized as 'Kalonji' in India. Here, seeds were exposed with different concentration of colchicine ranging from 0.025 to 0.4% with varying time duration (24–48 h). The agro-morphological attributes and chromosome counts of the putative polyploids were compared with control diploid plants, revealing significant differences. The ploidy level determined by chromosome counts revealed that 0.05–0.1% concentration of colchicine induced tetraploids within both plant genotypes for 24 h and 48 h. However, results based on agro-morphological trait correlation analysis revealed more significant association among yield traits at 0.1% concentration and the principal component analysis revealed that the maximum possible ameliorative effect of the colchicine dose was the lowest concentration (0.025% for a 48-hour exposure time) for the AN1 genotype; likewise, a 0.05% concentration established a more positive association in terms of growth and yield attributes for the AN20 genotype. This study demonstrated that low dosages (0.025% and 0.1%) strongly impact plant growth and yield, whereas higher dosages obliterate these positive effects and add destructive characteristics within plants which ultimately reduces yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids (BIAs) are a class of secondary metabolites that possess diverse pharmaceutical properties and are exclusively accumulated in specific plant genera. The Pictet–Spengler condensation, catalyzed by norcoclaurine synthase (NCS), represents a key enzymatic reaction in the biosynthetic pathway of BIAs. While NCS genes have been identified in several plant families such as Papaveraceae, Berberidaceae, and Ranunculaceae, no NCS genes have been reported in Menispermaceae, which is another genus known to accumulate BIAs. Here, NCSs were isolated and functionally characterized from the Menispermaceae family plant Stephania tetrandra. In vitro enzyme assay identified two functional StNCSs which could catalyze the formation of (S)‐norcoclaurine. These functionally characterized genes were then integrated into engineered yeast to enable the production of norcoclaurine. Phylogenetic analysis of the NCS enzymes revealed that the StNCSs predominantly clustered into two clades. The functional StNCSs clustered with known NCSs, highlighting the presence of a specific NCS catalytic domain. This study not only provides additional genetic components for the synthetic biology‐based production of BIAs in yeast but also contributes to the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships and structure–function relationship of NCS genes involved in the origin and production of BIAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clematis serratifolia has high medicinal and ornamental value. In this study, we characterize and report, for the first time, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. serratifolia based on high-throughput sequence dates. The whole chloroplast genome of C. serratifolia is a circular molecule of 159,648 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 79,394 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,112 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 31,071 bp. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 38%, while that in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions is 36.3%, 31.3%, and 42.1%, respectively. The chloroplast genome of C. serratifolia contains 133 genes, including 89 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 36 transfer RNAs. Among them, 14 protein-coding genes have a single intron, and 2 genes have two introns. The phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between C. serratifolia and C. heracleifolia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Ranunculus cantoniensis DC. (Ranunculaceae): an addition to the flora of West Bengal, India" discusses the discovery of a new species of Ranunculus in West Bengal. The researchers collected specimens and conducted an analysis to confirm the identity of the species. The article provides detailed information on the habitat, distribution, and characteristics of the species, making it valuable for botanists and researchers interested in the flora of West Bengal. Additionally, the article cites two other publications that may be useful for researchers studying Ranunculus or related topics. [Extracted from the article]

Two unprecedented aconitine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids, refractines A–B (1–2), along with 12 known compounds (3–14) were isolated from the roots of Aconitum refractum (Finet et Gagnep.) Hand. -Mazz. Their structures were elucidated based on extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, IR, and HR-ESI-MS data. All compounds were tested for inhibitory activities against NO production in LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages, compounds 10 and 14 had slight inhibited NO production with rate of 29.4% and 22.1% at the concentration of 30 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractApomixis, the reproduction via asexually formed seed, is taxonomically scattered in angiosperms. Here we review the major developmental pathways to apomixis and the occurrences on the level of orders and families. We provide surveys of large families for which occurrences and evolutionary pathways of apomixis are well documented (Poaceae, Ranunculaceae, Plumbaginaceae, Rosaceae, Brassicaceae, Rutaceae, and Asteraceae). Molecular phylogenetic, phylogenomic, and cytogenetic studies have confirmed that apomixis frequently arises in hybrids, with or without polyploidy. Multiple origins, different developmental pathways, and genetic/epigenetic control mechanisms confirm that apomixis is a derived trait. Pollen functions are in many taxa maintained for fertilization of polar nuclei and proper endosperm development, which allows also for maintenance of facultative sexuality and further intercrossing of lineages. This way, apomixis often results in huge and dynamic complexes of numerous hybrid genotypes and phenotypes with highly reticulate relationships. Such complexes are successful to establish in various habitats and geographical regions. Expression of apomixis appears to be in some genera influenced by environmental conditions. The diversity of evolutionary pathways is reflected in various, genus-wise taxonomic treatments. Future research is needed to understand the short-term evolutionary dynamics, the functional background for apomixis, and the long-term evolutionary fates of apomictic lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This experimental study aimed to elucidate the optimal colchicine concentration for inducing polyploidy and to examine the morphological effects on Nigella sativa L. (family Ranunculaceae) plants recognized as ‘Kalonji’ in India. Here, seeds were exposed with different concentration of colchicine ranging from 0.025 to 0.4% with varying time duration (24–48 h). The agro-morphological attributes and chromosome counts of the putative polyploids were compared with control diploid plants, revealing significant differences. The ploidy level determined by chromosome counts revealed that 0.05–0.1% concentration of colchicine induced tetraploids within both plant genotypes for 24 h and 48 h. However, results based on agro-morphological trait correlation analysis revealed more significant association among yield traits at 0.1% concentration and the principal component analysis revealed that the maximum possible ameliorative effect of the colchicine dose was the lowest concentration (0.025% for a 48-hour exposure time) for the AN1 genotype; likewise, a 0.05% concentration established a more positive association in terms of growth and yield attributes for the AN20 genotype. This study demonstrated that low dosages (0.025% and 0.1%) strongly impact plant growth and yield, whereas higher dosages obliterate these positive effects and add destructive characteristics within plants which ultimately reduces yield.

Clematis serratifolia has high medicinal and ornamental value. In this study, we characterize and report, for the first time, the complete chloroplast genome sequence of C. serratifolia based on high-throughput sequence dates. The whole chloroplast genome of C. serratifolia is a circular molecule of 159,648 bp in length, consisting of a large single-copy (LSC) region of 79,394 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,112 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 31,071 bp. The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 38%, while that in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions is 36.3%, 31.3%, and 42.1%, respectively. The chloroplast genome of C. serratifolia contains 133 genes, including 89 coding genes, 8 ribosomal RNAs, and 36 transfer RNAs. Among them, 14 protein-coding genes have a single intron, and 2 genes have two introns. The phylogenetic analysis showed a close relationship between C. serratifolia and C. heracleifolia.

Thalictrum elegans Wall. ex Royle, a species within the family Ranunculaceae, is mainly distributed along forest margins and grassy slopes at altitudes 2700-4000 m on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Despite its wide distribution in alpine ecosystems, its genetic diversity remains poorly understood. In this study, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of T. elegans, addressing a significant gap in our understanding of its genetic composition. The chloroplast genome is 155,864 base pairs long and contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of 15 representative Thalictrum species revealed that the genus can be classified into three clades. T. elegans along with another nine other species formed the largest monophyletic clade and is most closely related to T. petaloideum and T. foliosum. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity of T. elegans and contribute to its conservation and utilization.

Sawfly species of the genus Monophadnus are specialised on Ranunculaceae plants from which the larvae can sequester furostanol saponins into the haemolymph, mainly (25R)-26-[(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)oxy]-22α-methoxyfurost-5-en-3β-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-O-[6-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (compound 1). In this work, TLC, GC-MS, and HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS analyses together with feeding, repeated simulated attacks, and ant deterrence bioassays were conducted to extend the chemoecological knowledge about two sawfly species specialised on H. foetidus L. (Monophadnus species A) and H. viridis L. (Monophadnus species B). Larvae of Monophadnus species B were mostly feeding on the squares treated with the n-butanol fraction from H. foetidus, compound 1 being its primary non-nutritional stimulant. In contrast, all H. viridis fractions stimulated feeding, with n-hexane marginally more active. β-sitosterol within n-hexane was determined as the nutritional stimulant. Quantitative analyses demonstrated that leaves of H. viridis but not H. foetidus contain the ecdysteroids 20-hydroxyecdysone and polypodine B. Moreover, the haemolymph of Monophadnus species B larvae reared on H. viridis contained the glycosides of polypodine B and 20-hydroxyecdysone at a concentration of 2.5 to 6.8 µmol/g fresh weight of haemolymph. This concentration is several thousand times higher than the concentration range of the aglycones in their host plant (3.63 × 10−4 to 2.23 × 10−4 µmol total ecdysteroids/g fresh weight of leaves), suggesting bioaccumulation. The larvae of both species fed on H. foetidus do not show any traces of ecdysteroids in their haemolymph, indicating a facultative role of these compounds in their defence as well as their inability to endogenously synthesise these compounds. The haemolymph containing ecdysteroids was a significant feeding deterrent against Myrmica rubra L. ant workers (one of their natural predators) at 0.8 mg/mL. The larvae kept effective deterrent levels of glycosylated ecdysteroids (≅175 mM) between simulated attacks on days 1 and 2, but the levels clearly decreased on day 3 (≅75 mM). Most larvae (89%) survived a first attack but only 23% a consecutive second one. As a conclusion, we report for the first time that two Monophadnus species feeding on H. viridis sequester phytoecdysteroids into the larval haemolymph in the form of glycosides. In addition, compound 1 possesses defensive and phagostimulant activities, and we present evidence for a combined effect of furostanol saponins and ecdysteroids as repellents against ants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An endemic Aquilegia not seen on Mt Parnassos for more than one and a half centuries is rediscovered. It also occurs on Mt Giona in south central Greece. Its taxonomic status was reassessed leading to a new combination at subspecies rank. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perennial herb Aconitum sinomontanum Nakai (Ranunculaceae) has been utilized as a traditional oriental medicine in China for numerous years. The principal pharmacological constituent of A. sinomontanum, lappaconitine (LA), exhibits analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-arrhythmic, and anti-epileptic activities. Due to its potent efficacy and non-addictive nature, LA is widely utilized in the management of cancer pain and postoperative analgesia. This review encompasses the research advancements pertaining to LA including extraction methods, separation techniques, pharmacological properties, chemical modifications, and clinical applications. Additionally, it offers insights into the potential applications and current challenges associated with LA to facilitate future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the abundance and morphogenetic parameters of the species Adonis villosa Ledeb., which is vulnerable in the Altai Republic (AR). Genetic differentiation has been identified in six A. villosa coenopopulations (CPs) using ISSR markers and the variability of its morphometric parameters has been determined in individuals from four CPs inhabiting the AR for the first time. It is established that the studied CPs are similar in variability of morphometric parameters, and the number of mature generative individuals in them has decreased 1.5–2.0 times over the period from 2017 to 2023. The genetic structure is examined using six primers: M 9, UBC 834, UBC 830, UBC 857, UBC 840, and UBC 811; UBC-857 turned out to be the most informative one. Four variants of the distribution of ISSR markers are identified in representatives of the six studied A. villosa CPs that feature a high (88–99%) similarity in the distribution of ISSR markers. Intrapopulation similarity between individuals of this species is also high (97%). Apparently, this is due to the small numbers of mature generative individuals (up to ten) in the studied CPs and their spatial isolation. In the Northern Altai region, A. villosa individuals feature a homogeneous genetic structure, which makes this species vulnerable and necessitates a special approach to its conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thalictrum elegans Wall. ex Royle, a species within the family Ranunculaceae, is mainly distributed along forest margins and grassy slopes at altitudes 2700-4000 m on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Despite its wide distribution in alpine ecosystems, its genetic diversity remains poorly understood. In this study, we assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of T. elegans, addressing a significant gap in our understanding of its genetic composition. The chloroplast genome is 155,864 base pairs long and contains 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis of 15 representative Thalictrum species revealed that the genus can be classified into three clades. T. elegans along with another nine other species formed the largest monophyletic clade and is most closely related to T. petaloideum and T. foliosum. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity of T. elegans and contribute to its conservation and utilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis is currently known only from the type locality, Danxia Mountain, characterized by its spectacular red sandstone cliffscape. In this study, we assembled the complete chloroplast genome sequence of S. danxiashanensis and inferred its phylogenetic relationships. Total length of the chloroplast genome was 160,548 bp, with an overall GC content of 39%. The chloroplast genome had typical quadripartite structure and contained one LSC region (89,882 bp) and one SSC region (17,386 bp), which were separated by two IRs regions (26,640 bp, respectively). It comprised 133 genes, including 84 protein coding genes, 41 tRNA genes and eight rRNA genes. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis indicated that S. danxiashanensis was sister to S. adoxoides; meanwhile, Semiaquilegia was closely related to both Urophysa and Aquilegia in Ranunculaceae. This study sheds light on the evolutionary history of Semiaquilegia and provides preliminary data for future comparative analysis of chloroplast genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractFour new lycoctonine-type C19-diterpenoid alkaloids kamaonensines H-K (1–4) have been isolated from the whole plants of Delphinium kamaonense, together with 12 known compounds (5–16). Interestingly, kamaonensines 1–3 contained a rare nitrone (immine N-oxide) moiety, respectively. Their structures were established by spectroscopic analyses. The active evaluation of compounds (1–16) by LPS induced RAW 264.7 macrophages showed that compounds 4 and 8 displayed strong anti-inflammatory activities. While compounds 11 and 12 also showed strong cytotoxicities by the RAW 264.7 cell viability assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Ranunculus from Elko County, Nevada, R. legerae, is described and illustrated. It is related to R. triternatus, R. glaberimmus, and R. adoneus. The earliest known collection was made in 1937. Poor label information prevented rediscovery, which did not happen until 2017. The second author discovered a large population in 2022 which led to this study and article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA chemical investigation on the roots of Aconitum nagarum afforded two undescribed C19-diterpenoid alkaloids nagarumines D and E (1 and 2). The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H-1H COSY, HMQC, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, as well as HR-ESI-MS. The two isolated alkaloids were tested in vitro for cytotoxic activity against five gastric tumor cell lines. Consequently, compound 2 exhibited some cytotoxicities against several human cancer cell lines with IC50 value less than 20.0 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with two new species viz. Anemonastrum teetapurense Bhaumik & G. Krishna.; Callianthemum pathakii G. Krishna & Bhaumik and one new combination Anemonastrum obtusilobum (D. Don) Mosyakin, subsp. leiophylla (W.T. Wang) Bhaumik & G. Krishna. Beesia deltophylla C.Y. Wu reported first time from India. All taxa belong to the family Ranunculaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranunculus illyricus is a typical xerothermic plant. The main part of its northern distribution area lies in the territory of Slovakia. Based on an intensive field study and the revision of herbarium specimens in central European herbaria, we prepared an updated distribution map of Ranunculus illyricus in Slovakia. The species was recorded in Slovakia in 16 phytogeographical districts situated in the area of the Pannonian and nine in the area of the Carpathian flora, respectively. The species is continuously widespread in southern parts of the country; towards the east, the number of populations significantly decreases, but the populations are often numerous. Based on the distributional data, the inclusion of Ranunculus illyricus into the near threatened (NT) category in the current Red List of Flowering Plants in Slovakia is correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Miyakea integrifolia Miyabe and Tatew. was considered to be an endemic genus and species to Sakhalin Island, Russia, but the monotypic genus Miyakea was later subsumed into Pulsatilla as P. integrifolia (Miyabe & Tatew.) Vorosch. This taxonomic treatment has been supported by many botanists. At present, there are two opinions on the systematic position of P. integrifolia within the genus Pulsatilla: i) a separate monotypic subgenus Miyakea situated at the last position; ii) a close relative of P. patens and P. vernalis in ser. Patentes within the species-rich subgen. Pulsatilla. Since palynological evidence might be promising morphological traits for clarifying the systematic position of Miyakea, a table summarizing the pollen morphological traits within the genus Pulsatilla was prepared using the previous appropriate palynological reports. Hitherto, the morphology of Miyakea pollen supports the second opinion i.e., a close relative of P. patens and P. vernalis. Moreover, we pointed out the issues that should be focused on in future research on the pollen morphology of Pulsatilla s.l. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, all authors in Latvia summarise all agamic species of the Ranunculus auricomus complex under three species, auricomus L., R. fallax (Wimm. et Grab) Sloboda, and R. cassubicus L. However, there are many compelling studies showing that the R. auricomus complex is a large assembly of apomictic microspecies. In this article, 17 species of the R. cassubicus group in Latvia are presented: R. angustior (Markl.) Ericss. R. cajanderi (Fagerstr.) Ericss., R. cassubicus L. s.str., R. circinatifrons (Markl.) Ericss., R. elatior (Fries.) Ericss., R. hannae Jasiew., R. imitans (Markl.) Ericss., R. inopinus (Markl.) Ericss., R. karelicus (Markl.) Ericss., R. macrantherus (Markl.) Ericss., R. niepolomicensis Jasiew., R. pawlowskii Jasiew., R. prorsidens (Markl.) Ericss., R. scalaridens (Markl.) Ericss., R. serratifrons (Markl.) Ericss., R. svirensis (Markl.) Ericss., and R. tranzschelii (Fagerstr.) Ericss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black cumin is one of the important medicinal aromatic plants belonging to the Ranunculaceae family. It is mostly used in the Middle East and for some diseases, especially in the Iranian region. It is important to know the genetic resources of such important medicinal and aromatic plants. Characterization of genetic resources sheds light on both the conservation of genetic resources and the future breeding studies. In this study, a total of 8 black cumin plants were characterized with 17 RAPD primers. Presence (1) and absence (0) scoring of gel images was performed using the Agarose Gel Electrophoresis (AGE) method. In genetic characterization, phylogenetic dendrogram with Bayesian statistics and Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) with Jaccard similarity index were performed. As a result of the findings, the Nigella damascena, one of the black cumin plant species, was 100% separated from the Nigella sativa species. Additionally, Nigella sativa species differed among Konya, Eskişehir and Çameli genotypes. It gave similar results to Bayesian statistics in PCoA. The analysis indicated that Konya, Eskişehir and Çameli genotypes of Nigella sativa species have a higher potential to be used in breeding studies compared to other genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delphinium grandiflorum , one of the well-known Delphinium species, contains diverse bioactive diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), which promoted a systematic phytochemical study on this plant. As a result, two new DAs, namely 16-demethyl tuguaconitine (1) and 6- O -acetyl-16-demethyldelsoline (2), together with one known analogue pseudophnine A (3) were obtained from the whole herbs of D. grandiflorum. Their structures were elucidated by use of extensive spectroscopic analysis (HR-ESIMS, IR, 1D and 2D NMR). Additionally, the inhibitory effects of these obtained individual compounds were also evaluated in vitro for lung cancer cell line (A549), liver cancer cell line (SMMC-7721), and breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The results of cytotoxic activities showed that only compound 2 exhibit weak inhibitory effect on SMMC-7721 and MCF-7, and their IC 50 values were 37.4 and 33.1 μM, respectively. However, compound 1 and 3 had no obvious cytotoxic activities (IC 50 >80 μM). [Display omitted] • Two new diterpenoid alkaloids were obtained from the whole herbs of Delphinium grandiflorum. • The inhibitory effects of 1–3 were evaluated in vitro against A549, SMMC-7721 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines. • 2 exhibited weak inhibitory effects on SMMC-7721 and MCF-7 with IC 50 values of 37.4 and 33.1 μM, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anbar Journal of Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract The growing trend of introducing wild plant species into urban environments necessitates the identification of novel species adapted to prevailing conditions. A promising reservoir of such species may be xerothermic communities where Ranunculus illyricus occurs. This study aimed to establish a micropropagation protocol for R. illyricus using indirect organogenesis. The protocol includes initiation of culture from various explants, callus proliferation, shoot regeneration, multiplication, and concurrent rooting. Callus appeared on most types of vegetative explants tested, but stolons were considered the best due to their good availability, high disinfection (85%), and robust callus production (maximum increase − 363.1%). The growth rate of the callus fresh matter (CFM) obtained from stolons was calculated. Greater CFM was obtained on the medium with the supplemented picloram 8.0 mg L− 1 with kinetin 5.0 mg L− 1 and in second part of experiment on medium with the addition of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 2.0 mg L− 1 alone or picloram 6.0 mg L− 1 with kinetin 8.0 mg L− 1. Shoot organogenesis was observed on macronutrients B5 (Gamborg medium), micronutrients MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with the addition of 2.0 mg L− 1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and 4.0 mg L− 1 BAP (6-benzylaminopurine). To document the process of callus differentiation, microscopic preparations were prepared. Subsequently, the regenerated plants underwent acclimatisation and their growth in an ex situ collection was monitored over three growing seasons. In particular, in vitro-origin plants exhibited developmental patterns similar to those of their seed-origin counterparts. The incorporation of R. illyricus into urban landscapes not only increases aesthetic appeal, but also ensures the preservation of valuable genetic resources for this rare species, potentially contributing to effective ex situ conservation in the future. This marks the first scientific report on in vitro cultures of R. illyricus.

Abstract Background Expansion and contraction of inverted repeats can cause considerable variation of plastid genomes (plastomes) in angiosperms. However, little is known about whether structural variations of plastomes are associated with adaptation to or occupancy of new environments. Moreover, adaptive evolution of angiosperm plastid genes remains poorly understood. Here, we sequenced the complete plastomes for four species of xerophytic Ceratocephala and hydrophytic Myosurus, as well as Ficaria verna. By an integration of phylogenomic, comparative genomic, and selection pressure analyses, we investigated evolutionary patterns of plastomes in Ranunculeae and their relationships with adaptation to dry and aquatic habitats. Results Owing to the significant contraction of the boundary of IRA/LSC towards the IRA, plastome sizes and IR lengths of Myosurus and Ceratocephala are smaller within Ranunculeae. Compared to other Ranunculeae, the Myosurus plastome lost clpP and rps16, one copy of rpl2 and rpl23, and one intron of rpoC1 and rpl16, and the Ceratocephala plastome added an infA gene and lost one copy of rpl2 and two introns of clpP. A total of 11 plastid genes (14%) showed positive selection, two genes common to Myosurus and Ceratocephala, seven in Ceratocephala only, and two in Myosurus only. Four genes showed strong signals of episodic positive selection. The rps7 gene of Ceratocephala and the rpl32 and ycf4 genes of Myosurus showed an increase in the rate of variation close to 3.3 Ma. Conclusions The plastomic structure variations as well as the positive selection of two plastid genes might be related to the colonization of new environments by the common ancestor of Ceratocephala and Myosurus. The seven and two genes under positive selection might be related to the adaptation to dry and aquatic habitats in Ceratocephala and Myosurus, respectively. Moreover, intensified aridity and frequent sea-level fluctuations, as well as global cooling, might have favored an increased rate of change in some genes at about 3.3 Ma, associated with adaptation to dry and aquatic environments, respectively. These findings suggest that changing environments might have influenced structural variations of plastomes and fixed new mutations arising on some plastid genes owing to adaptation to specific habitats.

A phytochemical investigation on the roots of Aconitum austroyunnanense led to the isolation of two previously undescribed diterpenoid alkaloids, austroyunnanines D and E (1 and 2). Their structures were determined by spectral methods such as 1D and 2D (1H–1H COSY, HMQC, NOESY, and HMBC) NMR spectroscopy, in addition to high-resolution mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for cytotoxic activity against three human gastric carcinoma cell lines. As a result, compound 1 exhibited some cytotoxicities against all the tested tumor cell lines with IC50 values less than 20.0 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research delves into the morphological and anatomical intricacies of Nigella sativa L. (Ranunculaceae), commonly known as black cumin, through meticulous examination of various accessions collected from diverse geographical regions in India. Morphological studies revealed distinct characteristics such as the linear to lanceolate alternate leaves, black capsule fruit housing seeds, and growth parameters including germination time, maturation period, and yield per plant. Notably, certain accessions exhibited superior attributes in terms of plant height, root length, and seed yield. Anatomical investigations unveiled detailed structures of stems, roots, seeds, and capsules. Stem anatomy exhibited a multi-cornered structure with specific features like uniseriate epidermis with non-glandular trichomes, parenchymatous cortex with chlorenchymatous and sclerenchymatous cells, and distinct vascular bundle arrangements. Root anatomy depicted a circular cross-section with well-defined layers including epidermis, cortex, and xylem with prominent oil droplets. Seed anatomy displayed layers of epidermis, parenchyma, pigmented layer, endosperm, and a central embryo. Moreover, this study identified novel cells in the stem cortex and observed variability in carpel numbers among different accessions. The findings contribute significantly to the understanding of N. sativa morphology and anatomy, shedding light on previously unexplored aspects and emphasizing the need for further investigation into the variability within and among accessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six diterpenoid alkaloids, namely, pachycentine (1), deacetylswinanine A (2), siwanine A (3), tatsiensine (4), deacetyltatsiensine (5), and 6-deoxydeltamine (6), were isolated from a China-specific Delphinium plant (family Ranunculaceae), Delphinium pachycentrum Hemsl. Their structures were established via detailed spectroscopic analyses, including IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Pachycentine (1) is a previously undescribed hetisine-type C20-diterpenoid alkaloid, and compounds 5 and 6 were synthetic intermediates newly identified as natural products. In addition, compounds 2–4 were isolated from this species for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of all the isolates was summarized. Moreover, the new compound was evaluated for its potential anti-inflammatory effect using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delphinium pentagynum subsp. formenteranum is an endemic species restricted to the island of Formentera (Balearic Islands), where it is considered an endangered species. Ecological traits such as pollination and pollinator-plant interaction, and seed germination are key processes required for conservation efforts but remain poorly characterized. Floral traits were evaluated analysing total alkaloid content for vegetative plant, floral, nectar and pollen, and volatile emitted by flowers. Flowering phenology was assessed in the field in three different years (1998, 2008, 2018) and under cultivated conditions for D. pentagynum subsp. formenteranum and cohabiting species. Germination trials were conducted both at different constant and alternate temperatures, and seed lots conserved at room temperature were germinated across 7 years to assess seed viability with seed age. Micromorphological seed traits were assessed with scanning electron microscopy. Results show intraspecific flowering synchrony for D. pentagynum subsp. formenteranum with flowering occurring in May after the flowering peak of cohabiting species. Floral traits show lack of odor related volatiles and high alkaloid content in plant and flowers. Germination remains unaffected within a broad spectrum of temperatures and is only negatively affected at high temperatures (23ºC). Seed viability maintains high germination rates for the first 2 years (~ 100%) and decreases after four-five years (40–60%) and six years (20%), being non-viable after seven years. Both phenological displacement and alkaloid content in flowers support pollination specificity, which is restricted almost exclusively to Anthophora balearica. Germination ecology is dependent mainly on water availability, but high seed longevity allows probable transient bank seed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of Nigella damascena seeds in the culinary field or as aerial parts infusions in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields is widely reported. The biological activity of this plant, as demonstrated over the years, is closely related to its phytochemical content. This investigation focused on the comparative study of the same plants of N. damascena, one totally wild (WND), while the other two, one with white flowers (CWND) and the other with blue flowers (CBND), were subject to cultivation, irrigation, and manual weeding. Using the potential of 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopy, coupled with MS/MS spectrometric studies, the three methanolic extracts of N. damascena were investigated. Chemical studies have highlighted the presence of triterpene saponin compounds and various glycosylated flavonoids. Finally, the in vitro antiproliferative and antioxidant activities of the three individual extracts were evaluated. The antiproliferative activity performed on U-937, HL-60, and MCF-7 tumor cell lines highlighted a greater anticancer effect of the CBND and CWND extracts compared to the data obtained using WND. The antioxidant activity, however, performed to quantify ROS generation is comparable among the extracts used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document provides information about the plant species Clematis wightiana, which has recently been discovered in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. Previously thought to be endemic to the Western Ghats, the species has now been found in Arunachal Pradesh through field trips conducted as part of the Action Plan Project. The article describes the plant's characteristics, including its flowering and fruiting data, ecology, and distribution status, and includes herbarium images. The discovery of Clematis wightiana in Arunachal Pradesh represents an extended distributional range for the species and highlights the need for conservation measures to protect it from threats such as overgrazing, deforestation, and uncontrolled collection. [Extracted from the article]

The growing trend of introducing wild plant species into urban environments necessitates the identification of novel species adapted to prevailing conditions. A promising reservoir of such species may be xerothermic communities where Ranunculus illyricus occurs. This study aimed to establish a micropropagation protocol for R. illyricus using indirect organogenesis. The protocol includes initiation of culture from various explants, callus proliferation, shoot regeneration, multiplication, and concurrent rooting. Callus appeared on most types of vegetative explants tested, but stolons were considered the best due to their good availability, high disinfection (85%), and robust callus production (maximum increase − 363.1%). The growth rate of the callus fresh matter (CFM) obtained from stolons was calculated. Greater CFM was obtained on the medium with the supplemented picloram 8.0 mg L− 1 with kinetin 5.0 mg L− 1 and in second part of experiment on medium with the addition of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) 2.0 mg L− 1 alone or picloram 6.0 mg L− 1 with kinetin 8.0 mg L− 1. Shoot organogenesis was observed on macronutrients B5 (Gamborg medium), micronutrients MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with the addition of 2.0 mg L− 1 IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and 4.0 mg L− 1 BAP (6-benzylaminopurine). To document the process of callus differentiation, microscopic preparations were prepared. Subsequently, the regenerated plants underwent acclimatisation and their growth in an ex situ collection was monitored over three growing seasons. In particular, in vitro-origin plants exhibited developmental patterns similar to those of their seed-origin counterparts. The incorporation of R. illyricus into urban landscapes not only increases aesthetic appeal, but also ensures the preservation of valuable genetic resources for this rare species, potentially contributing to effective ex situ conservation in the future. This marks the first scientific report on in vitro cultures of R. illyricus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Expansion and contraction of inverted repeats can cause considerable variation of plastid genomes (plastomes) in angiosperms. However, little is known about whether structural variations of plastomes are associated with adaptation to or occupancy of new environments. Moreover, adaptive evolution of angiosperm plastid genes remains poorly understood. Here, we sequenced the complete plastomes for four species of xerophytic Ceratocephala and hydrophytic Myosurus, as well as Ficaria verna. By an integration of phylogenomic, comparative genomic, and selection pressure analyses, we investigated evolutionary patterns of plastomes in Ranunculeae and their relationships with adaptation to dry and aquatic habitats. Results: Owing to the significant contraction of the boundary of IRA/LSC towards the IRA, plastome sizes and IR lengths of Myosurus and Ceratocephala are smaller within Ranunculeae. Compared to other Ranunculeae, the Myosurus plastome lost clpP and rps16, one copy of rpl2 and rpl23, and one intron of rpoC1 and rpl16, and the Ceratocephala plastome added an infA gene and lost one copy of rpl2 and two introns of clpP. A total of 11 plastid genes (14%) showed positive selection, two genes common to Myosurus and Ceratocephala, seven in Ceratocephala only, and two in Myosurus only. Four genes showed strong signals of episodic positive selection. The rps7 gene of Ceratocephala and the rpl32 and ycf4 genes of Myosurus showed an increase in the rate of variation close to 3.3 Ma. Conclusions: The plastomic structure variations as well as the positive selection of two plastid genes might be related to the colonization of new environments by the common ancestor of Ceratocephala and Myosurus. The seven and two genes under positive selection might be related to the adaptation to dry and aquatic habitats in Ceratocephala and Myosurus, respectively. Moreover, intensified aridity and frequent sea-level fluctuations, as well as global cooling, might have favored an increased rate of change in some genes at about 3.3 Ma, associated with adaptation to dry and aquatic environments, respectively. These findings suggest that changing environments might have influenced structural variations of plastomes and fixed new mutations arising on some plastid genes owing to adaptation to specific habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jordan's flora is known for its rich diversity, with a grand sum of 2978 plant species that span 142 families and 868 genera across four different zones. Eight genera belonging to four different plant families have been recognized for their potential natural medicinal properties within the Mediterranean region. These genera include Chrysanthemum L., Onopordum Vaill. Ex. L., Phagnalon Cass., and Senecio L. from the Asteraceae family, in addition to Clematis L. and Ranunculus L. from the Ranunculaceae family, Anchusa L. from the Boraginaceae family, and Eryngium L. from the Apiaceae family. The selected genera show a wide variety of secondary metabolites with encouraging pharmacological characteristics including antioxidant, antibacterial, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-ulcer, and neuroprotective actions. Further research on these genera and their extracts will potentially result in the formulation of novel and potent natural pharmaceuticals. Overall, Jordan's rich flora provides a valuable resource for exploring and discovering new plant-based medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aconitum napellus L. is a popular medicinal plant extensively used in homeopathy. This article provides detailed morphology and microscopy, including the anatomical and histochemical features of the herb, to aid authentication and quality control. In cross‐section, the root in secondary growth shows the phloem surrounded by pericyclic fibers and a well‐developed xylem. The stem is irregular in outline, displaying unicellular trichomes and many free collateral vascular bundles encircling the pith. The leaf is dorsiventral, hypostomatic with anomocytic and anisocytic stomata, and shows non‐glandular trichomes. The floral parts are characterized by uniseriate epidermises, homogeneous mesophyll, anomocytic stomata on the abaxial surface, trichomes, and oval pollen grains. The tissue fragments in powdered herbs show these characteristics and have numerous starch grains with thimble‐shaped, linear or star‐shaped hilum. The detailed macroscopic and microscopic analysis provided in this study can help in the authentication and quality control of A. napellus raw materials. Research Highlights: Key anatomical, micromorphological, and microchemical features of Aconitum napellus are described.The results of the study can support the taxonomy of the genus Aconitum.Morphological standardization of the species reported here is helpful in the quality control of this herb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a very first attempt to study various parameters of a medicinal plant, Delphinium suave Huth. The plant is erect, geophytic, herbaceous, with tuberous root, trifid in a palmatipartite, strigose cuneate leaf and white spurred zygomorphic flower. The root was isodiametric phellem with single non‐glandular trichomes. The stem revealed single‐layered cuticle, multiseriate epidermis, cortex, pith ray and uniserate bowed non‐glandular trichomes. The leaf was amphistomatic, showed tapering trichomes, prismatic crystals and ranunculaceous stomata with circumference 144.66–182.67 μm. Pollen grains in Light Microscopy (LM), were prolate, spheroidal trizonocolpate, isopolar, radiosymmetric, scabrate, elliptic and monads. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pollen surface was scabrate, monad, size varied from 18.06 to 16.67 μm, colpus to inaperturate, tricolpate, ornamented, echinus, isopolar, isodiametric and circular. SEM roots showed sclerenchymatic tissues, stellate, glandular, non‐glandular trichomes and crystals. The stem showed scalariform, pitted vessels, warty protuberances, unicellular, silicified, non‐glandular trichomes. Leaves powder revealed, simple, unicellular, tapered headed, uniseriate, sessile, capitate, unbranched glandular, non‐glandular, trichomes with crystals. Capitate, stellate, circular, unicellular, branchy trichomes were observed for the first time through SEM. Powder drug study of root, stem leaves through LM revealed different tissues. Preliminary phytochemical revealed alkaloids, anthocyanins, anthraquinones, coumarins, flavones, mucilages, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, volatile oils and proteins. GC/MS showed 36 compounds in roots, 33 in stem while 40 in leaves. Fluorescence analysis of roots, stem and leaves showed variations in color when treated with chemicals. This study will assist pharmacognostic exploration, authentication from adulterants/allied species for consistent quality, resulting in safe use, preservation and efficacy. Research Highlights: This was first attempt on pharmacognostic study on D. suave Huth. which could be used as a foundation for identifying and authenticating the specie from other allied species by these morphological, anatomical, GC/MS profiling, phytochemical analysis and fluorescence analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPulsatilla chinensis f. alba D. K. Zang 1993 is a forma of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, the root of P. chinensis is traditional Chinese medicine called Pulsatillae radix. The biggest difference between P. chinensis f. alba and P. chinensis is that P. chinensis f. alba sepals is white. The complete chloroplast genome of P. chinensis f. alba was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform for the first time. The lengths of the genome, large single-copy (LSC), small single-copy (SSC), two inverted repeats (IRs), and GC content were 163,654 bp, 82,355 bp, 19,069 bp, 31,115 bp, and 37.2%, respectively. It had 134 genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The maximum-likelihood tree indicated that P. chinensis f. alba had a closer relationship with P. chinensis. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the further study of Pulsatilla plants genetics phylogenetic research.

AbstractTwo new aporphine alkaloids, 6aR-2'-(3-oxobutenyl)-thaliadin (1) and N-methylthalisopynine (2), along with ten known analogs (3–12), were isolated from the roots of Thalictrum omeiense W. T. Wang et S. H. Wang. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic analyses. Compounds 1–7 and 9–12 were tested for their antiproliferative effects in vitro against two human cancer cell lines (A549 and MCF-7). Among them, compounds 1, 3, and 7 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity against the tested cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 23.73 to 34.97 μM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] To facilitate the rational use and timely protection of the Tibetan medicinal plant resources to count and reorganize Tibetan medicines recorded in Yu Tuo Ben Cao. [Methods] Based on literature research and data analysis, this paper analyzed the plant genera, and their habitat characteristics and the main types of diseases. [Results] Yu Tuo Ben Cao contains 191 kinds of botanicals, of which Ranunculaceae has the largest number of 11 genera and 25 species, with a wide distribution of habitats and 5 categories, and the main therapeutic efficacy covers 16 fields. [Conclusions] As a part of Yu Tuo Ben Cao, Tibetan medicines of Ranunculaceae have great research value because of their variety, large number, wide distribution, and diverse uses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of global climate change, it is of great interest to assess the adaptive capabilities of the glacial relics of Ranunculus kamtschaticus DC. of the Urals and the prospects for their conservation has a high degree of ecological specialization for high mountain conditions and extremely low plasticity. It is preserved in the midlands of the Urals on individual peaks. The life form of R. kamtschaticus in the Ural fragment of its range is a brush-rooted non-turf polycarpic grass with erect assimilating shoots of a non-succulent type. The variability of the development of its shoots and shoot systems under the influence of climatic and weather conditions is shown, the preferential development of shoots with an incomplete development cycle is noted. Irregular fruiting, a long period of germination, and rapid loss of seed germination reduce the competitiveness of R. kamtschaticus in the Urals and its ability to colonize new territories. Threat assessment according to IUCN criteria showed that populations of the species in the Komi Republic and Sverdlovsk oblast are in critical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulsatilla chinensis f. alba D. K. Zang 1993 is a forma of Pulsatilla chinensis (Bge.) Regel, the root of P. chinensis is traditional Chinese medicine called Pulsatillae radix. The biggest difference between P. chinensis f. alba and P. chinensis is that P. chinensis f. alba sepals is white. The complete chloroplast genome of P. chinensis f. alba was sequenced using the Illumina NovaSeq platform for the first time. The lengths of the genome, large single-copy (LSC), small single-copy (SSC), two inverted repeats (IRs), and GC content were 163,654 bp, 82,355 bp, 19,069 bp, 31,115 bp, and 37.2%, respectively. It had 134 genes, including 90 protein-coding genes, 36 tRNA genes, and eight rRNA genes. The maximum-likelihood tree indicated that P. chinensis f. alba had a closer relationship with P. chinensis. This study would provide a theoretical basis for the further study of Pulsatilla plants genetics phylogenetic research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anemonopsis Siebold et Zucc. is an unstudied single-species genus belonging to the tribe Cimicifugeae (Ranunculaceae). The only species of this genus—Anemonopsis macrophylla Siebold and Zucc.—is endemic to Japan. There are no data on its chemical composition. This work is the first to determine (with liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry, LC-HRMS) the chemical composition of methanol extracts of leaves and flowers of A. macrophylla. More than 100 compounds were identified. In this plant, the classes of substances are coumarins (13 compounds), furocoumarins (3), furochromones (2), phenolic acids (21), flavonoids (27), and fatty acids and their derivatives (15 compounds). Isoferulic acid (detected in extracts from this plant) brings this species closer to plants of the genus Cimicifuga, one of the few genera containing this acid and ferulic acid at the same time. Isoferulic acid is regarded as a reference component of a quality indicator of Cimicifuga raw materials. The determined profiles of substances are identical between the leaf and flower methanol extracts. Differences in levels of some identified substances were revealed between the leaf and flower extracts of A. macrophylla; these differences may have a substantial impact on the manifestation of the biological and pharmacological effects of the extracts in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective • To lay the foundation for further research and clinical application of Pulsatilla chinensi (Bge.) Regel (PR). Method • The information presented in this paper is based on scientific databases (such as Baidu Academic, CNKI, Google Academic, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, SciFinder Scholar), traditional Chinese medicine classics, Chinese Pharmacopoeia, doctoral and master’s dissertations, etc. Various compounds were identified and isolated through HPLC analysis, including glycosides, polysaccharides, organic acids, phenylpropane, and flavonoids. Results • These compounds have demonstrated a range of pharmacological effects such as anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, insecticidal, immune-enhancing, antimutagenic, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, and antidiarrheal properties. Its chemical composition and pharmacological effects are complex and diverse. Conclusion • There is a need for further studies to investigate its mechanism, potential coordination, and antagonism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of human-induced habitat deterioration and climate change, a large number of species are threatened and even endangered. Batrachium pekinense Liang Liu, a perennial aquatic plant endemic to Beijing, was synonymized as a widely distributed species in Northern China, B. bungei Steudel, but it was later listed in the national key protected wild plants in China. Taxonomic uncertainty should be clarified especially when related species may be allocated with a limited conservation budget. In this study, we reappraised the identity of B. pekinense based on results from molecular phylogenetic analysis and 15-year field observations. Our result shows that 77% of the 65 individuals collected from various sites share identical sequences in both the nuclear ribosomal ITS and the plastid psbA-trnH markers, all samples of the two species consist of one monophyletic clade with strong support, and continuous morphological variations on the key distinguishing character, the leaf shape, are observed in the field. Integrative evidence from both our and the others' studies supports the same identity for B. pekinense and B. bungei. Hence, we suggest excluding B. pekinense from the list of national key protected wild plants of China in its next update and advocate the integrative evidence-based taxonomy and systematics for biodiversity conservation and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new C20-diterpene hetidine-type alkaloid paradoxine was isolated from the plant Delphinium paradoxum Bunge. Its structure was determined using IR and 2D NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative karyotype analysis of four species of yellow-flowered Eranthis sect. Eranthis, i.e., E. bulgarica, E. cilicica, E. hyemalis, and E. longistipitata from different areas, has been carried out for the first time. All the studied specimens had somatic chromosome number 2n = 16 with basic chromosome number x = 8. Karyotypes of the investigated plants included five pairs of metacentric chromosomes and three pairs of submetacentric/subtelocentric chromosomes. The chromosome sets of the investigated species differ mainly in the ratio of submetacentric/subtelocentric chromosomes, their relative lengths, and arm ratios. A new oligonucleotide probe was developed and tested to detect 45S rDNA clusters. Using this probe and an oligonucleotide probe to 5S rDNA, 45S and 5S rDNA clusters were localized for the first time on chromosomes of E. cilicica, E. hyemalis, and E. longistipitata. Major 45S rDNA clusters were identified on satellite chromosomes in all the species; in E. cilicica, minor clusters were also identified in the terminal regions of one metacentric chromosome pair. The number and distribution of 5S rDNA clusters is more specific. In E. cilicica, two major clusters were identified in the pericentromeric region of a pair of metacentric chromosomes. Two major clusters in the pericentromeric region of a pair of submetacentric chromosomes and two major clusters in the interstitial region of a pair of metacentric chromosomes were observed in E. longistipitata. E. hyemalis has many clusters of different sizes, localized mainly in the pericentromeric regions. Summarizing new data on the karyotype structure of E. sect. Eranthis and previously obtained data on E. sect. Shibateranthis allowed conclusions to be formed about the clear interspecific karyological differences of the genus Eranthis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]