Search

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a category of viruses that selectively replicate within tumor cells, destroying cancer cells through a dual mechanism involving viral oncolysis and the stimulation of the host's anti-tumor immune response. This selectivity ensures the virus targets and eliminates cancer cells while sparing healthy cells. Oncolytic virus immunotherapy refers to treatments utilizing either native or genetically modified OVs designed to replicate within tumor cells selectively. Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have demonstrated potential in facilitating the safe transportation and targeted release of oncolytic viruses at the tumor site due to their inherent tumor-specific homing capability. Utilizing MSCs as carriers for oncolytic viruses can enhance the delivery of these therapeutic agents to the tumor site, eliminating the need for direct tumor injection and reducing the associated side effects.

Upacara Adat Turun Bantayan di Desa Cikeléng, Kecamatan Japara, Kabupaten Kuningan, adalah salah satu tradisi budaya yang sarat akan nilai-nilai kearifan lokal. Upacara ini diadakan sebagai bentuk ungkapan rasa syukur masyarakat atas hasil panen yang melimpah serta untuk memohon keberkahan di masa mendatang. Dalam upacara ini, terdapat berbagai prosesi yang penuh dengan makna simbolis, seperti Nincak Endog yang melambangkan kelahiran dan keberlanjutan kehidupan, serta Meuleum Harupat yang mencerminkan ketahanan dan kekuatan dalam menghadapi tantangan hidup. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode hermeneutik untuk mengungkapkan dan menafsirkan makna yang terkandung dalam setiap prosesi upacara. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi langsung dan wawancara dengan para tokoh adat serta masyarakat setempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa upacara ini tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai ritus keagamaan dan sosial, tetapi juga sebagai media pelestarian budaya yang memperkuat identitas komunitas. Nilai-nilai seperti kebersamaan, rasa syukur, dan spiritualitas yang terkandung dalam upacara ini memainkan peran penting dalam menjaga harmoni sosial serta menjaga hubungan manusia dengan alam. Pelestarian upacara ini penting untuk mempertahankan warisan budaya yang memiliki relevansi tinggi dalam kehidupan masyarakat modern.

The purpose of this study is to test and implement the feasibility of Augmented Reality (AR) media in social studies learning that has been designed in previous research, as well as develop an implementation strategy. Augmented Reality (AR) learning media focuses on teachers and students in the classroom in social studies learning. Meanwhile, AR media helps teachers contextualize social studies learning and can be used as a source of social studies learning Quantitative research approaches use research designs and methods, namely through product testing or socialization, the level of effectiveness using pseudo-experiments in three schools in Bandung City Junior High School. The study results provide information about the feasibility and testing of AR media products that are suitable for use in social studies learning. This states that 97% of students are interested in AR learning. The effectiveness of AR media applications in social studies learning obtained a very high response from students, 90%, while the responses of teachers and students showed promising results in using AR media applications in the classroom.

Climate change and increasing global temperatures have increased the frequency and intensity of forest fires, making fire risk evaluation increasingly important. This study aims to improve the accuracy of predicting forest fuel drought conditions (Drought Code) by using the XGBoost algorithm optimized with RandomizedSearchCV. The research methods include collecting data related to forest fires, preprocessing data to ensure quality and consistency, and using RandomizedSearchCV for XGBoost hyperparameter optimization. The results showed that the optimized XGBoost model resulted in a decrease in Mean Squared Error (MSE) and an increase in R-squared value compared to the default model. The optimized model achieved an MSE of 0.0210 and R2 of 0.9820 on the test data, indicating significantly improved prediction accuracy for forest fuel drought conditions. These findings emphasize the importance of hyperparameter optimization in improving the accuracy of predictive models for forest fire risk assessment.

This research explores the potential of gastronomic tourism in the Lake Toba region of Indonesia, focusing on the unique culinary identity and traditions of the Batak tribe. Batak culinary practices are firmly rooted in local traditions and environmental conditions, with major traditional foods and drinks such as Tuak, Na Niura, and Mie Gomak having strong cultural values. Currently, Lake Toba gastronomic tourism has not become a leading tourism destination. The purpose of this study is to examine how environmental and cultural factors affect local cuisine and beverages in the Lake Toba region and to identify challenges and opportunities in promoting these gastronomic assets effectively. This qualitative research uses interviews, observations, and documentation to collect data. Key stakeholders, including local business owners and Batak cultural experts were interviewed using non-probability snowball sampling to gain comprehensive insights into the region's culinary identity. The results of the study highlight the cultural significance and potential tourist attraction of traditional Batak food and beverages. However, challenges such as tourists' lack of knowledge about local cuisine were identified. The study shows that a more structured and strategic approach, including annual food festivals and culinary tours, is needed to increase the demand for Lake Toba's Gatronomi tourism. This study underscores the need for an annual Lake Toba Gastronomy festival to utilize local culinary heritage, thereby increasing cultural preservation and tourism development in the Lake Toba region.

Purpose – The study aims to explore how integrating recent fundamental values (RFVs) from conventional accounting studies enhances the accuracy of a machine learning (ML) model for predicting stock return movement in Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – The study uses multilayer perceptron (MLP) analysis, a deep learning model subset of the ML method. The model utilizes findings from conventional accounting studies from 2019 to 2021 and samples from 10 firms in the Indonesian stock market from September 2018 to August 2019. Findings – Incorporating RFVs improves predictive accuracy in the MLP model, especially in long reporting data ranges. The accuracy of the RFVs is also higher than that of raw data and common accounting ratio inputs. Research limitations/implications – The study uses Indonesian firms as its sample. We believe our findings apply to other emerging Asian markets and add to the existing ML literature on stock prediction. Nevertheless, expanding to different samples could strengthen the results of this study. Practical implications – Governments can regulate RFV-based artificial intelligence (AI) applications for stock prediction to enhance decision-making about stock investment. Also, practitioners, analysts and investors can be inspired to develop RFV-based AI tools. Originality/value – Studies in the literature on ML-based stock prediction find limited use for fundamental values and mainly apply technical indicators. However, this study demonstrates that including RFV in the ML model improves investors’ decision-making and minimizes unethical data use and artificial intelligence-based fraud.

This study investigates the effect of companies’ sustainability performance on their future earnings management. Applying moral licensing theory, we predict that sustainability performance decreases accruals, while increases real earnings management. We analyse a dataset comprising of 47,186 firm-year observations from 44 countries during 2002–2021. We use a two-stage Heckman approach to address potential endogeneity and conduct supplementary fixed-effects regression tests for separate periods of before-after crisis and regulatory effectiveness, quality and enforcement. Our findings suggest that firms with superior sustainability performance have an impact on decreased (increased) accrual-based (real) earnings management. We also found a greater impact of sustainability initiatives by companies in countries with lower regulatory effectiveness, lower regulatory quality standards, and mandatory government regulation. This study is the first in encompassing SDGs practices through advanced testing, analysis and offering insights into the implications of government regulation on management decisions on earnings. Our research provides practical contributions for policymakers to evaluate ongoing efforts and development of corporate ESG-related policies as well as investors in using earnings information.

Background: Management of presenile cataracts with nystagmus and chronic kidney (CKD) disease is a separate problem in anesthetic procedures. The risk of anesthesia in patients with chronic kidney disease is accumulation of nephrotoxic metabolites, unstable hemodynamic during intraoperative, and fluid overload. Case: A 43-year-old man with a diagnosis of immature presenile cataract with nystagmus and comorbid CKD was planned for phacoemulsification and intraocular lens. The anesthetic technique used was regional anesthesia with peribulbar block. Site injections in the inferotemporal and medial canthus with local anesthetic drugs levobupivacaine 0.5% 5 ml and lidocaine 2% 3 ml. Discussion: Combination of peribulbar block and mild sedation provides effective analgesic and anxiolytic effects. Peribulbar blocks in nystagmus besides sensory blocks can also block motoric function so that the position of the eyeball is in center. Conclusion: The peribulbar blockade anesthetic technique can be considered as an alternative safe anesthetic technique for cataract surgery with nystagmus and CKD.

The research aims to identify a number of data related to the process of developing symbols and the cultural values created. Traditional sports games in the current era are increasingly being replaced by digital games. The type of research used is descriptive research. Researchers conducted open interviews which initially carried out in-depth observations in order to see the problem. It can be seen that the problem is that many students at SDN Tanipah school are influenced by gadgets and often play gadgets, namely games in them, so that it is influenced in the formation of the students' character in controlling themselves to communicate, work together and be responsible in it. The research results obtained in the acceptance of traditional sports games in schools are because in modern developments these games are able to become an alternative to digital games which influence the character of students. These traditional sports games are able to become a forum for character building for students at an early age today.

Development is something that is done to make things better in the future, according to the 1945 Constitution, the goal of Indonesia's national development is to create a more educated society and reduce violence, but this goal has not been fully achieved. One indicator that shows that the national development goals have not been achieved is the still high level of poverty in Indonesia. High levels of poverty will increase the costs of implementing development and will indirectly hamper development. The development process is not only related to growth but also increasing welfare, security, justice and the quality of natural resources and human resources. The development process, both in the economic and other fields, always involves human resources as the main foundation. The research was made with the aim of looking at the influence of the Human Development Index, Unemployment and Poverty on Indonesia's Economic Growth. The research method used is quantitative research by taking secondary data from BPS.

Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory condition that occurs in the White Adipose Tissue (WAT). Diet is the strongest factor regulating energy balance and influencing inflammatory responses in the body. This inflammatory response can be calculated using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII). The aim of this research was to determine the differences between DII values for obese and non-obese people in the work area of the Sumbersari Public Health Center, Jember Regency, which was carried out from May to June 2023. This was a cross-sectional study with sample selection through a simple random sampling method. Thirty participants were included in each group. Data collection was carried out using the Semi-Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), and the data were analyzed using an independent t-test. The normality test was performed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, and the data were normally distributed. The results obtained that There was a significant difference (p=0,000) between the DII values of the normal and obese groups. It is known that the average DII value in the normal group was +2,29 and in the obese group was +1,32, indicating that the normal group had a higher pro-inflammatory diet than the obesity group. In conclusion, there was a significant difference between the DII values in obese and non-obese groups in the working area of the Sumbersari Community Health Center, Jember Regency.

This study investigates differences in farmer income and body weight estimation for male and female Bali cattle in extensive farming in Jaro Subdistrict, Tabalong Regency, South Kalimantan. A random sampling approach was used, involving farmers from nine villages. Statistical analyses revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the body weights of male Bali cattle measured by an animeter compared to those estimated by middlemen. In contrast, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed for female Bali cattle. These differences significantly impacted farmer income for male cattle because the income estimated by the animeter exceeded that estimated by the middlemen (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between the two estimation methods for female cattle. In addition, no significant relationship was observed between the estimates made by the middlemen and those made by the animeter for both sexes of Bali cattle. This study used the Monte Carlo simulation to predict demand for male and female Bali cattle in 2024. On average, farmers were able to supply between two and three male Bali cattle and between three to seven female Bali cattle per month. To ensure a steady income, farmers are advised to supply at least one male or female Bali cattle. Moreover, farmer groups are encouraged to compensate for cattle shortages or surpluses, thereby ensuring a stable supply for middlemen and consumers.

Purpose ― This paper evaluates Indonesia's trade integration efforts and their impact on export competitiveness from 1989 to 2021. It examines the evolution of trade arrangements, starting with the ASEAN Preferential Trade Arrangement (APTA) and progressing to bilateral agreements. Methods ― Based on Leamer and Stern, the Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) measures Indonesia’s export competitiveness over the years. Findings ― The results indicate no significant improvement in competitiveness during the analysis period, with export growth primarily driven by the effect of world growth. Although competitiveness did not shift markedly over time, it remained positive overall, suggesting a buffer effect during economic crises. Implications ― The paper suggests Indonesia should pursue deeper trade integration and unilateral economic reforms. Drawing on Korea’s experience, combining export promotion policies with trade agreements could enhance market access and foster internal competitiveness. Originality ― This study provides long-term insights into Indonesia’s export competitiveness amidst global trade integration efforts and offers policy recommendations based on the success of Korea’s trade reforms.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) have drawn significant attention due to their exceptional properties and diverse range of applications, particularly in nanomedicine. The distinctive properties of MSNs, such as their high surface area, tunable pore size, and versatile surface chemistry, make them ideal candidates for various biomedical applications. This review aims to present a detailed understanding of MSNs, from synthesis and characterization to their versatile applications in biomedicine, highlighting their significant potential in advancing healthcare technologies. The synthesis methods for MSNs were comprehensively discussed, emphasizing the influence of parameters like solvent, base, alkoxysilane concentrations, and template surfactants on the size and shape of the nanostructures. Different types of MSNs, including MCM-41, SBA-15, KIT-6, and hollow MSNs, are discussed, along with their synthesis protocols and unique characteristics. The review also covers various spectroscopic techniques, such as XRD, XPS, FTIR, NMR, and fluorescence spectroscopy, which are crucial for characterizing MSNs. Furthermore, the biomedical applications of MSNs are highlighted, demonstrating their potential in drug delivery systems, imaging, and diagnostics. The review concludes with a discussion of the future perspectives and challenges in the field, providing insights into potential developments and the prospects for clinical translation.

One factor that determines teachers' success in teaching is the teacher's ability to plan lessons. Careful and good lesson planning can help create an effective learning environment, maximize students' potential, and increase their learning success. It also assists teachers in teaching in a more structured and directed manner, positively impacting student learning outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of pre-service high school teachers to plan lessons based on the Merdeka Curriculum. This research is a descriptive study with 37 pre-service high school teachers as subjects. Data were collected using angles, portfolios, and interview sheets which were then analyzed using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Based on the results of data analysis, it was found that the pedagogic competence of pre-service high school teachers in terms of the ability to plan lessons according to the Merdeka Curriculum was 23% at a low level, 47% at a medium level, and 30% at a high level. Therefore, pre-service high school teacher's ability to plan to learn needs to be improved, especially in learning design scenarios and assessments. The results of this research contribute as input to related parties, in this case, the Institute of teacher education and Training Institutes, in developing teacher education and training programs that are relevant and adaptive to current educational developments.

Experimental cross sections for the He4(e,e′p)X reactions in the missing energy range from 0.017 to 0.022 GeV and up to a missing momentum of 0.632 GeV/c at xB=1.24 and Q2=2 (GeV/c)2 are reported. The data are compared to relativistic distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations for the He4(e,e′p)H3 channel. Significantly more events are observed for pm≥0.45 GeV/c than are predicted by the theoretical model, and striking fluctuations in the ratio of data to the theoretical model around pm=0.3GeV/c are possible signals of initial-state multinucleon correlations.

Introduction: This study aimed to find the general distribution of certain variables as risk factors for lower extremity amputation among diabetic foot patients at the Inpatient Ward of the Department of Internal Medicine, Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, from 2019 to 2020. Methods: This was a descriptive-retrospective study using data from medical records. The International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 was used to calculate the distribution. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 55.38 ± 7.503 years old and was slightly female-biased. The median (min-max) blood sugar level was 212.00 (85–446) mg/dL. Fifteen out of 16 patients had an HbA1c beyond 7.0%. The body mass index (BMI) of most patients was between normal and overweight, with a mean ± SD of 24.018 ± 4.1827. Fifteen percent of patients were smokers. Strokes were present in 3.9% of patients, cardiovascular diseases were present in 13.73% of patients, prior lower extremity amputation (LEA) history was present in 15.7% of patients, hypertension was present in 49% of patients, and dyslipidemia was present in 13 of 15 patients. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 70.15 ± 34.498 mL/min/1.732. Conclusion: Older age, high blood sugar, high HbA1c levels, nephropathy, dyslipidemia, and hypertension had a high prevalence. Smoking, cardiovascular diseases, strokes, and prior amputation had a low prevalence. Gram-negative bacterial infection was observed in almost all reported patients. ABI results were either mostly not assessable or abnormally high. Most of the patients’ Wagner gradings were in the worst category.

The increasing demand for technology and data necessitates the enhancement of infrastructure for the Control Tower Dashboard Geographic Information System (CTD GIS) application at PT XYZ. The current system operates within a Virtual Private Server (VPS) Cloud environment but faces challenges such as data loading delays and increasing demands for broader functionalities. To address these issues, a comprehensive future infrastructure recommendation is outlined, including upgrading ArcGIS Server, integrating with Portal for ArcGIS, implementing ArcGIS Datastore, utilizing NAS Storage, and incorporating Script & VGA Server. Through the proposed infrastructure changes, the CTD GIS application is poised to navigate the dynamics of data growth, providing geospatial insights to support better decision-making processes at PT XYZ.

Television is one of the most widely used media for receiving sound and image transmissions worldwide, particularly in Indonesia. Government regulations require all television broadcasters in Indonesia to cease analog broadcasts and transition to digital broadcasts. Consequently, a device known as the Set Top Box (STB), equipped with a low noise amplifier (LNA), converts DVB-T2 digital signals into images and audio suitable for analog televisions. Tests were conducted to evaluate its signal reception capabilities. These tests took place at four Palembang city locations, utilizing indoor and outdoor antennas. The results revealed that the device's signal strength ranged from -48.7 dBm, reaching 100% signal quality, to the weakest signal at -97 dBm. Moreover, an average difference of 6.9 dB was observed between indoor and outdoor testing for each frequency. Furthermore, analyzing the average signal strength based on distance showed that the highest strength of -56.2 dBm occurred at a distance of 1.5 km from the transmitter during outdoor testing. In comparison, the weakest strength of -91.6 dBm occurred at a distance of 1.8 km during indoor testing. Additionally, a signal strength comparison between test locations indicated that the most significant difference was between the Kamboja and Plaju locations. The LNA device achieved its highest gain value of 15.2 dB. Various factors, including antenna direction, obstructions such as buildings, antenna height, signal stability, and the distance between the transmitter and receiver, influence the signal quality.

The synthesis of anethole-lauryl methacrylate (LMA) copolymer had been carried out by cationic polymerization using BF3O(C2H5)2 as the initiator without the use of solvent at room temperature (28-30 °C) over atmospheric N2 conditions. Polymerization was conducted by varying LMA concentration i.e. 2%, 4%, and 6%, (w/w) with respect to the anethole weight. Structural determination of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was done using FTIR and 1H-NMR spectrophotometer. The relative molecular weight (Mv) of co-poly (anethole-LMA) was measured by an Ostwald Viscometer at room temperature. Morphological characterization and surface area analysis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was performed using SEM and SAA, respectively. The successful synthesis of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was proven by the disappearance of vinyl group absorption at 1696, 1638, 965, and 938 cm-1 of the FTIR spectra, as well as the loss of vinyl group proton signals at 6.4-5.5 ppm in the 1H-NMR spectra. Increasing the weight of the LMA affected the characteristics of co-poly(anethole-LMA). The relative molecular weight of co-poly(anethole-LMA) was found to rise by increasing the weight of LMA. The Mv of co-poly(anethole-LMA) 2%, 4%, and 6% were 32378.62, 50611.05, and 65133.79 g/mol, respectively. The morphology of co-poly(anethole-LMA) showed that the surface distance between particles was getting tighter and the highest surface area in co-poly(Anethole-LMA) 6% was 233.80 m2/g.

This service aims to increase the knowledge and skills of the fish farming group in Beji Village, Semarang Regency, regarding the operational technicalities of pellet printing machines to empower village communities. The method used in this service was training, which included lectures, questions and answers, and direct practice in making fish food pellets with material provided to participants, including knowledge of tool operation, tool components, and troubleshooting on tools. This service partner was a fish farming group in Beji Village, East Ungaran District, to improve the community's economic level around the new campus of the Indonesian State Maritime Polytechnic in Ngobo sub-district, which borders Beji sub-district. This service evaluation instrument used an assessment of the training participants by practicing operating, disassembling, and installing spare parts for the fish pellet printing machine themselves. The results of this service showed that most members of the fish farming group in Beji sub-district could operate the fish pellet press and care for it well. Apart from that, the quality and quantity of catfish feed increased because the the fish farming group had been able to produce fish feed independently.

The use of credit cards is increasing in today's digital era. This increase has resulted in many cases of fraud which have had a negative impact on credit card owners. To overcome this, many financial institutions have developed credit card fraud detection systems that can identify suspicious transactions. This study uses a classification method, namely random forest and decision tree to identify illegal transactions using a credit card, which then compares the results and attempts to create a model that can be useful for detecting fraud using a credit card that is more accurate and effective. The result of this study is that the accuracy provided by the Decision Tree Classifier is 0.98, while the accuracy provided by the Random Forest Classification is also 0.975. The conclusion obtained that the decision tree has a higher level of accuracy compared to the Random Forest Classification Algorithm, which is 98%. On the other hand, the Random Forest classification algorithm has a slightly lower level of accuracy compared to the Decision Tree classification algorithm, with an accuracy rate of 97.5%

As coal mining activities ceased in Sawahlunto, tourism, and the creative industry emerged as alternative avenues for the city's development. Legam is a player in the creative industry, specifically in the fashion sub-sector, specializing in coal-based jewelry production, a material abundant in Sawahlunto. Employing a na­r­rative approach and conducting interview data collection, this research aimed to identify the role of Legam Jewelry in supporting social entrepreneurship. A social entrepreneurship approach served as the analytical fra­mework, considering Legam Jewelry's unique business operations. Differences in the locations of raw ma­te­rial sources, workers' residences, and the business owner's domicile increased operational costs. It was interesting to comprehend Legam's motivation for maintaining this location difference between Bandung and Sawahlunto. The research findings indicated that Legam aligned its business processes with social entre­pre­neurship ele­ments such as social value, civil society, innovation, and economic activities. Despite being deemed capable of fulfilling these social entrepreneurship elements, several critical points required attention in Legam's business processes. One such point related to the need for government support to facilitate physical exhibitions after the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. In creating a massive social impact, efforts were necessary to en­courage the emergence of similar entrepreneurs in Sawahlunto and other regions.

This study uses a qualitative research approach to discuss the obstacles to the implementation of the independent curriculum in PAUD-driving schools in Situbondo Regency. Qualitative research methods were used to collect data through in-depth interviews with PAUD teachers in kindergartens in Situbondo, including Nurul Anshor Islamic Kindergarten, DWP 1 Besuki Kindergarten, DWP 1 Asembagus Kindergarten, Kartika IV-71 Kindergarten, Nurul Huda Kindergarten, DWP 1 Jatibanteng Kindergarten, and Hasyim Asy'ari Kindergarten, direct observation in schools that were the object of research, and document analysis related to the implementation of the independent curriculum. The results of this study show obstacles. These obstacles include differences in students' learning styles and initial abilities, adaptation to the "All Day Without Mom" program, the use of less attractive worksheets, limited facilities and infrastructure, limited understanding of IT teachers, limited budget, and difficulties in preparing school documents. The recommendations proposed to overcome these obstacles are teacher training and support, cooperation with parents, development of interesting learning materials, improvement of facilities and infrastructure, IT training for teachers, efficient budget management, and support in the preparation of school documents. By implementing these recommendations, it is hoped that PAUD schools in Situbondo District can improve the effectiveness of the implementation of the independent curriculum and the quality of education for PAUD children holistically and sustainably.

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Liquid Assets Ratio (LAR) and Non-Performing Loans (NPL) variables and the profitability of Indonesian Commercial Banks as measured by Non-Performing Loans (NPL) and Return on Asset (ROA). The study's observational term, from 2013 to 2022, spans 10 years. The Financial Services Authority (OJK) financial statements are where the study's data was derived from. The data analysis technique employed Multiple linear regression is the approach of data analysis that is used. The data is first checked with traditional assumption tests, such as normality, heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, and autocorrelation tests, before employing this method. The findings demonstrated that the LAR variable has no appreciable impact on the profitability of Indonesian commercial banks. The NPL variable exhibits a large influence on the profitability of commercial banks in Indonesia, whereas the former has a negligible impact. In this study, the independent variables can account for up to 89.7% of the variation in the dependent variable, with the remaining variation being impacted by other variables.

The development of high-efficiency photocatalysts plays an important role in the application of solar energy conversion. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) with an anatase crystalline phase is well-known as semiconductor thin layers for solar cells. This work has constructed a novel TiO2 hollow sphere (HST) in a 2-step synthesis. The first step is coating the SiO2 template with TiO2 to build a core-shell of SiO2@TiO2 (CSST). The second step is etching via sonication to elute the SiO2 from CSST and construct the HST. The annealing of CSST for 1 to 6 hours and etching for 1 to 7 hours has resulted in the HST with different crystallite sizes and microstrains. The HST of ~90 nm has been fabricated with crystallite size of 9.53 to 20.54 nm and microstrain from 0.34 to 3.42. It was found that the optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST obtained via annealing the CSST for 2 hours and etching for 5 hours has the best photooxidation of I- under UV irradiation. The optimum crystallite size and microstrain of HST via annealing and etching times can be recommended for the future of solar cell fabrication and applications.

This article aims to design a model for forecasting the number of vehicles arriving at the battery swap station (BSS). In our case, we study the relevance of the proposed approach given the rapid increase in electric vehicle users in Indonesia. Due to the vehicle electrification program from the government of Indonesia and the lack of supporting infrastructure, forecasting battery swap demands is very important for charging schedules. Forecasting the number of vehicles is done using machine learning with the long short-term memory (LSTM) method. The method is used to predict sequential data because of its ability to review previous data in addition to the current input. The result of the forecasting using the LSTM method yields a prediction score using the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 2.3079 x 10-6 . The forecasted data can be combined with the battery charging model to acquire predicted hourly battery availability that can be processed further for optimization and scheduling.