Search

Two-dimensional ferroic materials exhibit a variety of functional properties that can be tuned by temperature and pressure. CuInP2S6 is a layered material that is ferrielectric at room temperature and whose properties are a result of the unique structural arrangement of ordered Cu+ and In3+ cations within a (P2S6)4− anion backbone. Here, we investigate the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the structure of CuInP2S6 single crystals through a detailed Raman spectroscopy study. Analysis of the peak frequencies, intensities, and widths reveals four high pressure regimes. At 5 GPa, the material undergoes a monoclinic-trigonal phase transition. At higher pressures (5–12 GPa), we see Raman peak sharpening, indicative of a change in the electronic structure, followed by an incommensurate phase between 12 and 17 GPa. Above 17 GPa, we see evidence for bandgap reduction in material. The original state of the material is fully recovered upon decompression, showing that hydrostatic pressure could be used to tune the electronic and ferrielectric properties of CuInP2S6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shock experiments give a unique insight into the behavior of matter subjected to extremely high pressures and temperatures. Understanding the behavior of materials under such extreme conditions is key to modeling material failure and deformation dynamics under impact. While studies on pure silica are extensive, the shock behavior of other commercial silicates that contain additional oxides has not been systematically investigated. To better understand the role of composition in the dynamic behavior of silicates, we performed laser-driven dynamic compression experiments on soda-lime glass (SLG) up to 315 GPa. Using the accurate pulse shaping offered by the long pulse laser system at the Matter in Extreme Conditions end-station at the Linac Coherent Light Source, SLG was shock compressed along the Hugoniot to multiple pressure-temperature points. Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector was used to measure the velocity and determine the pressure inside the SLG. The U s –u p relationship obtained agrees well with the previous parallel plate impact studies. Within the error bars, no transformation to the crystalline phase was observed up to 70 GPa, which is in contrast to the behavior of pure silica under shock compression. Our studies show that the glass composition strongly influences the shock compression behavior of the silicate glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine the relationship between preoperative nutritional status assessed using anthropometric measures and postoperative complications in pediatric surgical patients. Methodology: This prospective observational cohort study included 650 patients from 6 months to 18 years undergoing elective surgery at our institution. Elective surgery included procedures such as herniotomy, orchidopexy, urethroplasty, cystoscopy, PUV fulguration, pyeloplasty, ureteric reimplantation, stoma formation/closure, anorectoplasty, pull-through, choledochal cyst excision and repair, VP shunt insertion, lipomyelomeningocele repair, diastematomyelia excision and repair, and cyst excision. Nutritional status was standardized using Z scores for weight, length, and BMI. Patients were monitored for a month following surgery to detect any complications, and they were classified into five grades using the Clavien–Dindo classification. The duration of hospital stays and readmission within 30 days following discharge were secondary outcomes. Results: There were 627 patients of both sexes involved in the study: 350 patients aged 6 months to 5 years (Group A), while 277 were aged between 5 and 18 years (Group B). Wasting status was 47.71% in Group A and 41.52% in Group B. In Group A, 40% of patients were stunted, while 83.75% were in Group B. Group A had 57.14% underweight patients. The complication rate was 39.14% in Group A and 38.99% in Group B. The incidence of postoperative complications was not significantly different in malnourished patients. The patients with prolonged duration of surgery (> 2 h) developed more complications in both groups (Group A—67.2%, Group B—82.6%; p < 0.0001). In addition, the patients who experienced complications had lengthier hospital stays (p < 0.001 in both groups) and increased readmission rates (p = 0.016 in Group A and p = 0.008 in Group B). Conclusion: In our study, half of the patients in Group A and nearly two-third in Group B were malnourished. The preoperative poor nutritional status based on anthropometric parameters is not associated with increased postoperative complications. Randomized control trials linking preoperative malnutrition based on anthropometric measures and clinical outcomes in pediatric surgery patients are necessary to provide more robust information on this subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topological insulators with high spin–orbit coupling and helically spin-momentum-locked topological surface states (TSSs) can serve as efficient spin current generators for modern spintronics applications. We used the industrial-friendly DC magnetron sputtering technique to fabricate magnetic heterostructures consisting of Bi2Te3 (BT) as a topological insulator and Co60Fe20B20 (CFB) as a magnetic layer and studied the temperature-dependent spin pumping, utilizing out-of-plane ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy. These results demonstrate that the effective spin-mixing conductance is significantly affected by the contribution of two-magnon scattering (TMS). It is found that the TMS-free effective spin-mixing conductance increases with decreasing temperature. Additionally, results from magneto-transport measurements indicate that the surface coherence length of BT is in accordance with the temperature-dependent effective spin-mixing conductance. This enhancement of effective mixing conductance correlated with the enhancement in the contribution of the TSSs as evaluated using the weak-anti-localization effect. This study provides a deeper understanding of the temperature-dependent spin dynamics in sputtered BT/CFB heterostructures which can serve as a guide for further exploration of such bilayers for topological-based spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structure formation under non-equilibrium steady state conditions is poorly understood. A non-equilibrium steady state can be achieved in a system by maintaining a temperature gradient. A class of cross-linked microgel particles, such as poly-N-iso-propylacrylamide, is reported to increase in size due to the adsorption of water as the temperature decreases. Here, we study thermo-responsive particles with a temperature sensitive diameter in the presence of a temperature gradient, using molecular dynamics simulations with the Langevin thermostat. We find long-ranged structural order using bond order parameters in both cold and hot regions of the system beyond a certain diameter ratio of the cold and hot particles. This is due to an increase in packing and pressure in both regions. Our observations might be useful in understanding ordered structures under extreme conditions of a non-equilibrium steady state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dual exponential coupled cluster theory proposed by Tribedi et al.[J. Chem. Theory Comput. 16, 10, 6317–6328 (2020)] performs significantly better for a wide range of weakly correlated systems than the coupled cluster theory with singles and doubles excitations due to the implicit inclusion of high-rank excitations. The high-rank excitations are included through the action of a set of vacuum annihilating scattering operators that act non-trivially on certain correlated wavefunctions and are determined via a set of local denominators involving the energy difference between certain excited states. This often leads the theory to be prone to instabilities. In this paper, we show that restricting the correlated wavefunction, on which the scattering operators act, to be spanned by only the singlet-paired determinants can avoid catastrophic breakdown. For the first time, we present two nonequivalent approaches to arrive at the working equations, viz., the projective approach with sufficiency conditions and the amplitude form with many-body expansion. Although the effect of the triple excitation is quite small around molecular equilibrium geometry, this scheme leads to a better qualitative description of the energetics in the regions of strong correlation. With many pilot numerical applications, we have demonstrated the performance of the dual-exponential scheme with both the proposed solution strategies while restricting the excitation subspaces coupled to the corresponding lowest spin channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Insulin, commonly used for diabetes treatment, needs better ways to improve its effectiveness and safety due to its challenges with poor permeability and stability. Various system has been developed for oral peptide delivery. The non-targeted system can prevent gastric and enzymatic degradation of peptides but cannot increase the bulk transport of peptides across the membrane. However, the non-selectivity is the limitation of the existing system. Numerous carbohydrate-binding receptors overexpressed on intestinal macrophage cells (M-cells) of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. It is the most desirable site for receptor-mediated endocytosis and lymphatic drug delivery of peptides. Objective. The prime objective of the study was to fabricate mannose ligand conjugated nanoparticles (MNPs) employing a quality-by-design approach to address permeability challenges after oral administration. Herein, the study's secondary objective of this study is to identify the influencing factor for producing quality products. Considering this objective, the Lymphatic uptake of NPs was selected as a quality target product profile (QTPP), and a systematic study was conducted to identify the critical formulation attributes (CFAs) and critical process parameters (CPP) influencing critical quality attributes (CQAs). Mannosylated Chitosan concentrations (MCs) and TPP concentrations were identified as CFAs, and stirring speed was identified as CPP. Methods. MNPs were prepared by the inotropic gelation method and filled into the enteric-coated capsule to protect from acidic environments. The effect of CFAs and CPP on responses like particle size (X) and entrapment (Y) was observed by Box-Behnken design (BBD). ANOVA statistically evaluated the result to confirm a significant level (p < 0.05). The optimal conditions of NPs were obtained by constructing an overlay plot and determining the desirability value. HPLC and zeta-seizer analysis characterized the lyophilized NPs. Cell-line studies were performed to confirm the safety and M-cell targeting of NPs to enhance Insulin oral bioavailability. Results. The morphology of NPs was revealed by SEM. The developed NPs showed a nearly oval shape with the average size, surface potential, and % drug entrapment were 245.52 ± 3.37 nm, 22.12 ± 2.13 mV, and 76.15 ± 1.3%, respectively. MTT assay result exhibited that MNPs safe and Confocal imaging inference that NPs selectively uptake by the M-cell. Conclusion. BBD experimental design enables the effective formulation of optimized NPs. The statistical analysis estimated a clear assessment of the significance of the process and formulation variable. Cell line study confirms that NPs are safe and effectively uptake by the cell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalic acid (DEHP) pollutes the environment, and posing a significant risk to human and animal health. Consequently, a successful preventative strategy against DEHP-induced liver toxicity needs to be investigated. Morin hydrate (MH), a flavanol compound, possesses toxic preventive attributes against various environmental pollutants. However, the effects of MH have not been investigated against DEHP-induced liver toxicity. Female Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups: control, DEHP (orally administered with 500 mg/kg, DEHP plus MH 10 mg/kg, and DEHP plus MH 100 mg/kg for 14 days. The results showed that the MH treatment ameliorated the DEHP-induced liver dysfunctions by decreasing the alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin, liver histoarchitecture, fibrosis, and markers of oxidative stress. Furthermore, DEHP increased apoptosis, increased active caspase 3 and decreased B cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) expression. However, the MH treatment showed a differential effect on these proteins; a lower dose increased, and a higher dose decreased the expression. Thus, a lower dose of MH could be involved in the disposal of damaged hepatocytes. Expression of Estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) also showed a similar trend with active caspase 3. Furthermore, the expression of Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and Nuclear factor-κβ (NF-κβ) were up-regulated by DEHP treatment, and MH treatment down-regulated the expression of these two inflammatory markers. Since this down-regulation of TNF-α and NF-κβ coincides with improved liver functions against DEHP-induced toxicity, it can be concluded that MH-mediated liver function involves the singling of TNF-α and NF-κβ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of large eddy simulation (LES) using four sub-grid scale (SGS) models, namely: constant coefficient Smagorinsky (CS), dynamic Smagorinsky (DS), a dynamic Clark (DC) model, and dynamic Lund-Novikov II-term model (DLN2M) for rotating stratified turbulence in the absence of forcing using large-scale isotropic initial conditions, are reported here. Three cases with varying ratios of Brunt-Väisälä frequency to the inertial wave frequency, $ \mathcal {N}/f $ N/f, have been chosen to evaluate the performance of SGS models. The Reynolds number and $ \mathcal {N}/f $ N/f are chosen as (a) Case 1: Re=3704, $ \mathcal {N}/f=5 $ N/f=5, (b) Case 2: Re=6667, $ \mathcal {N}/f=40 $ N/f=40 and (c) Case 3: Re=6667, $ \mathcal {N}/f=138 $ N/f=138. Various quantities including turbulent kinetic energy (tke), turbulent potential energy (tpe), total dissipation, potential and total energy spectra, and their fluxes, are analyzed. It is observed that the increase in the value of $ \mathcal {N}/f $ N/f leads to increased oscillations in the evolution of kinetic and potential energy. Our results suggest that the inclusion of the rotation rate tensor in SGS modeling leads to overall improvements in energy evolution predictions. The CS model produces the largest errors, while the DS and the DC models are more comparable to each other. Spectral analysis of total energy and their fluxes shows that the CS, DS and DC models can reasonably predict the large-scale motion ( $ \kappa \lt 10 $ κ<10), while the DLN2M model improves the energy prediction in the wavenumber range ( $ 10 \lt \kappa \lt 64 $ 10<κ<64) in comparison to other SGS models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an area endemic with Indian visceral leishmaniasis (VL), we performed direct xenodiagnosis to evaluate the transmission of Leishmania donovani from patients with VL–human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection to the vector sandflies, Phlebotomus argentipes. Fourteen patients with confirmed VL-HIV coinfection, with a median parasitemia of 42 205 parasite genome/mL of blood, were exposed to 732 laboratory-reared pathogen-free female P argentipes sandflies on their lower arms and legs. Microscopy revealed that 16.66% (122/732) of blood-fed flies were xenodiagnosis positive. Notably, 93% (13/14) of the VL-HIV group infected the flies, as confirmed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and/or microscopy, and were 3 times more infectious than those who had VL without HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of abandoned and stationary objects like luggage, boxes, machinery, and so forth, in public places is one of the challenging and critical tasks in the video surveillance system. These objects may contain weapons, bombs, or other explosive materials that threaten the public. Though various applications have been developed to detect stationary objects, different challenges, like occlusions, changes in geometrical features of things, and so forth, are still to be addressed. Considering the complexity of scenarios in public places and the variety of objects, a context‐aware model is developed based on mask region‐based convolution network (M‐RCNN) for detecting abandoned objects. A modified convolution operation is implemented in the Backbone network to understand features from geometric variations near objects. These modified operation layers can be adapted based on geometric interpretations to extract required features. Finally, a bounding box operation is performed to locate the abandoned object and mask the particular thing. Experiments have been performed on the benchmark dataset like ABODA and our dataset, which shows that an mAP of 0. 0.699 is achieved for model 1, 0.675 is achieved for model 2, and 0.734 mAP is completed for model 3. An ablation analysis has also been performed and compared with other state‐of‐the‐art methods. Based on the results, the proposed model better detects abandoned objects than existing state‐of‐the‐art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To compare the cost-effectiveness of lumbar decompression alone (DA) with lumbar decompression with fusion (DF) for the management of adults undergoing surgery for lumbar stenosis with associated degenerative spondylolisthesis. Summary of Background Data. Rates of lumbar fusion have increased for all indications in the United States over the last 20 years. Recent randomized controlled trial data, however, have suggested comparable functional outcomes and lower reoperation rates for lumbar decompression and fusion as compared with DA in the treatment of lumbar stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis. Materials and Methods. A multistate Markov model was constructed from the US payer perspective of a hypothetical cohort of patients with lumbar stenosis with associated spondylolisthesis requiring surgery. Data regarding clinical improvement, costs, and reoperation were generated from contemporary randomized trial evidence, meta-analyses of recent prospective studies, and large retrospective cohorts. Base case, one-way sensitivity analysis, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted, and the results were compared with a WTP threshold of $100,000 (in 2022 USD) over a two-year time horizon. A discount rate of 3% was utilized. Results. The incremental cost and utility of DF relative to DA were $12,778 and 0.00529 aggregated quality adjusted life years. The corresponding incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of $2,416,281 far exceeded the willingness to pay threshold of $100,000. In sensitivity analysis, the results varied the most with respect to rate of improvement after DA, rate of improvement after lumbar decompression and fusion, and odds ratio of reoperation between the two groups. Zero percent of one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses achieved cost-effectiveness at the willingness- to-pay threshold. Conclusions. Within the context of contemporary surgical data, DF is not cost-effective compared with DA in the surgical management of lumbar stenosis with associated spondylolisthesis over a two-year time horizon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective synthesis of primary amines from nitriles is challenging in synthetic chemistry due to the possible en‐route generation of various amines and imines. Herein, we report a practical and operationally simple MOtBu‐mediated (M=Na, K) transfer hydrogenation of nitriles to the corresponding primary amines with a relatively unexplored sacrificial hydrogen source (dimethylamine borane). The strategy encompasses a broad substrate scope under transition metal‐free conditions and does not require any solvent. The mechanistic investigation was performed with the aid of control experiments and spectroscopic studies. The GC analysis of the reaction mixture exhibited the evolution of the H2 gas. Additionally, detailed computational calculations were undertaken to shed light on the possible intermediates and transition states involved during the present protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate that the catalytic metal centre for ammonia production can be selectively activated with only a slight alteration in ligand isomerization (α and β isomers), making it practical and effective even for agricultural effluents. With almost 90% faradaic efficiency, the β isomer generates approximately 0.64 mg h−1 cm−2 of ammonia. Energy-efficient ammonia recovery is made possible by the interfacial proton charge assembly that β-isomerization creates, which attracts the reacting nitrate and repels the competing hydronium ions. With minimal energy consumption, this isomerization approach can interconvert agricultural effluents into ammonia fuel, reaching up to 84% of its theoretical yield and maintaining stability over 100 hours of continuous electrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal phosphates are promising catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline medium. Herein, Fe-doped Ni phosphates are deposited using plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) at 300 °C. A sequence of f Fe phosphate PE-ALD cycles and n Ni phosphate PE-ALD cycles is repeated x times. The Fe to Ni ratio can be controlled by the cycle ratio (f / n), while the film thickness can be controlled by the number of cycles (x times (n + f)). 30 nm films with an Fe/Ni ratio of ∼10% and ∼37%, respectively, are evaluated in 1.0 M KOH solution. Remarkably, a significant difference in OER activity is found when the order of the Ni and Fe phosphate PE-ALD cycles in the deposition sequence is reversed. A 20%–45% larger current density is obtained for catalysts grown with an Fe phosphate PE-ALD cycle at the end compared to the Ni phosphate-terminated flavour. We attribute this to a higher concentration of Fe centers on the surface, as a consequence of the specific PE-ALD approach. Secondly, increasing the thickness of the catalyst films up to 160 nm results in an increase of the OER current density and active surface area, suggesting that the as-deposited smooth and continuous films are converted into electrolyte-permeable structures during catalyst activation and operation. This work demonstrates the ability of PE-ALD to control both the surface and bulk composition of thin film electrocatalysts, offering valuable opportunities to understand their impact on performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work proposes the development of a Bayesian-regularized machine learning (ML) model tailored for predicting residual stresses in compressive and tensile modes during ultrasonic rolling of lightweight alloys. Training data were acquired through finite element method (FEM) simulations covering various parameters and alloys. The model exhibited high performance, with R2 values of 0.973 and 0.926, and corresponding RMSE values of 0.038 and 0.070 for compressive and tensile modes, respectively. The successful outcome was attributed to the effective implementation of Bayesian optimization, showcasing its proficiency in scenarios with limited data volumes. Furthermore, a delicate balance between the relevance scores of material properties and rolling processing parameters was identified for optimal prediction performance. Specifically, higher tensile stress values correlated with elevated relevance scores of static pressure, frequency, amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, compressive strength, Poisson ratio, and material density. In contrast, higher compressive stress values were well-predicted with increased relevance scores of rolling depth, amplitude of ultrasonic vibration, yield stress, and Poisson ratio. The study also elucidates the rationale behind these relevance scores and provides a compelling case study demonstrating the fine-tuning of input parameters to achieve target residual stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Left bundle branch block (LBBB) induced cardiomyopathy is an increasingly recognized disease entity. However, no clinical testing has been shown to be able to predict such an occurrence. Case report: A 70‐year‐old male with a prior history of LBBB with preserved ejection fraction (EF) and no other known cardiovascular conditions presented with presyncope, high‐grade AV block, and heart failure with reduced EF (36%). His coronary angiogram was negative for any obstructive disease. No other known etiologies for cardiomyopathy were identified. Artificial intelligence‐enabled ECGs performed 6 years prior to clinical presentation consistently predicted a high probability (up to 91%) of low EF. The patient successfully underwent left bundle branch area (LBBA) pacing with correction of the underlying LBBB. Subsequent AI ECGs showed a large drop in the probability of low EF immediately after LBBA pacing to 47% and then to 3% 2 months post procedure. His heart failure symptoms markedly improved and EF normalized to 54% at the same time. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence‐enabled ECGS may help identify patients who are at risk of developing LBBB‐induced cardiomyopathy and predict the response to LBBA pacing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen‐bonding and halogen‐bonding interactions are important noncovalent interactions that play a significant role in the crystal structure of organic molecules. An in‐depth analysis is given of the crystal packing of two previously reported crystal structures of dihalogenated 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives, namely 3,5‐dichloro‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole and 3,5‐dibromo‐1H‐1,2,4‐triazole. This work provides insights into the complex interplay of hydrogen‐bonding and halogen‐bonding interactions resulting in the formation of multiple trimeric motifs in the crystal structure of 1,2,4‐triazole derivatives. Analysis of the crystal packing of these isostructural crystal structures revealed that the molecular arrangement in these molecules is primarily stabilized by the formation of different trimeric motifs stabilized by N—H...N hydrogen bonds, N—H...X (X = Cl/Br) halogen bonds and C—X...X halogen‐bonding interactions. Computational studies further revealed that all these trimers are energetically stable. A crystallographic database search further reveals that while the cyclic trimers reported in this study are present in other molecules, structures analyzed in this study are the sole instances where all are present simultaneously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detection of food quality by identifying different adulterants in food products is a grave requirement for the food industry. Various methods of food analysis have been evolved to identify the quality and quantity of impurities but those methods are time-consuming, expensive and laborious. Our research aims at reducing the challenges experienced in these existing methods. Our procedure is to detect food adulterants using a microwave signal and observe the change in reflection coefficient and resonant frequency of the reflected microwave signal. The property of modification of reflection coefficient and resonant frequency of reflected microwave signal from pure rice grains in the presence of adulterants like small stones/pebbles and broken rice is exploited. In this work, the detection and proportion of adulterants, such as stones and low-quality broken rice in fresh rice in varying proportions, have been determined. Adulterants as low as 2% weight of rice are highly detectable utilizing microwave. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of angular stability (AS) and polarization independence (PI) is investigated by rotating the frequency selective reflectors (FSRs) kept behind a 10 GHz triangular slot antenna in orthogonal directions. Three distinct frequency selective surfaces (FSSs) based on closely packed rhombic loop (RL), square loop (SL) and merged dual rhombic loops (MDRL) are developed for the analysis under normal and oblique incidences. The gain enhancement of 4.87, 7.17 and 4.85 dB is achieved when the antenna is backed by 5 × 5 arrays of RL, MDRL and SL FSS, respectively. Later, with equal sized substrates, the gain enhancement of 7.25, 7.17 and 8.10 dB is achieved when the antenna is backed by 61 × 61 mm2 RL, MDRL and SL FSSs, respectively. It appears that stringent characteristics of FSSs i.e. AS and PI can be compromised for FSRs while employing antenna gain enhancement techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variable DC link direct torque control (DTC) for induction motors was proposed in this paper utilizing an artificial neural network (ANN). Variable DC-link voltage is utilized as the inverter's controlling input to improve the induction motor's performance. By injecting the dynamically variable dc-link voltage, inverter switching losses are decreased and inverter efficiency is increased. Two significant limitations are the torque ripple in DTC and the speed regulation of induction motors at low speeds. The driveline of an electric vehicle is modeled, and the suggested control is put into practice to enhance low-speed speed regulation, high dynamic performance, and minimal torque ripple. With variable DC-link voltage based on ANN, an improvement in torque and speed is made possible. Additionally, the suggested strategy minimizes the current ripples. To verify the improved efficacy of the electric driveline under various operating scenarios, a proposed control of the electric driveline is implemented using MATLAB SIMULINK, and the results are compared with the conventional scheme. The recommended speeds for the three speed ranges are as follows: 300 rpm for low speed, 900 rpm for medium speed, and 1275 rpm for high speed. The torque ripples decreased from 0.39 to 0.24 in the low-speed region, 0.38 to 0.24 in the medium-speed region, and 0.36 to 0.24 in the high-speed region while the motor was operated at a constant load torque of 2 N-m. The torque ripples decreased from 0.4 to 0.274 in the low speed region, 0.4 to 0.274 in the medium speed zone, and 0.2 to 0.274 in the medium speed region when the motor operated at various speed regions with a constant load. The main effect of running the motor at different load torques, such as 1.5 N-m, 2.5 N-m, and 2.0 N-m, is shown in Table 9 and numerical data of torque ripples is presented in Table 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper aims to perform numerical simulations of flapping flight using Discrete Vortex Method (DVM) scheme. The scheme is suitable for moderately low Reynolds number (< ∼ 1 0 5) and computationally less expensive as the flow domain doesn't need to be discretized at each time step. Flapping of a one-dimensional (1D) flexible filament in a two-dimensional (2D) inviscid flow is simulated. The effect of bending by varying the wing shape along the spanwise length on aerodynamic performance was studied. It is observed that compared to rigid wings, bending wings are found to be better in generating lift. The effect of various bending wing configurations (F 1 , F 2 , F 3 and F 4) and different methods of imposing the bending (W 1 , W 2 and W 3) is studied. It was demonstrated that applying wing bending only during the downstroke phase (W 2) is more effective than imposing bending throughout the flapping cycle (W 1). Moreover, an effort is made to replicate the bending configuration observed in manta ray fish (W 3) to investigate its impact on flow domain characteristics, lift, and thrust forces. Furthermore, the inclusion of a winglet is found to significantly enhance lift generation. In addition to the study of bending effects on aerodynamic performance, the study also seeks to emulate a unique aspect of bat flight kinematics, specifically the dynamic variation in wing span length during flapping. In a comparative analysis of two span length variation strategies, it is discerned that exclusively varying span length during the upstroke phase is the optimal approach for achieving increased lift generation. The study highlights the crucial role of wing bending and span length modulation in achieving elevated lift forces while simultaneously reducing drag. These findings are seen as holding significant promise for the design and optimization of Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) utilizing flapping-based lift generation mechanisms, contributing substantially to the identification of optimal parameters for enhancing MAVs' aerodynamic performance and operational efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We discuss noninjectivity of mixed q-deformed Araki-Woods von Neumann algebras, extending the results in our previous work. These von Neumann algebras generalize those that were constructed by Hiai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblasts are ubiquitous mesenchymal cells that exhibit considerable molecular and functional heterogeneity. Besides maintaining stromal integrity, oral fibroblast subsets are thought to play an important role in host–microbe interaction during injury repair, which is not well explored in vivo. Here, we characterize a subset of fibroblast lineage labeled by paired‐related homeobox‐1 promoter activity (Prx1Cre+) in oral mucosa and skin and demonstrate these fibroblasts readily respond to microbial products to facilitate the normal wound healing process. Using a reporter mouse model, we determined that Prx1Cre+ fibroblasts had significantly higher expression of toll‐like receptors 2 and 4 compared to other fibroblast populations. In addition, Prx1 immunopositive cells exhibited heightened activation of inflammatory transcription factor NF‐κB during the early wound healing process. At the cytokine level, CXCL1 and CCL2 were significantly upregulated by Prx1Cre+ fibroblasts at baseline and upon LPS stimulation. Importantly, lineage‐specific knockout to prevent NF‐κB activation in Prx1Cre+ fibroblasts drastically impaired both oral and skin wound healing processes, which was linked to reduced macrophage infiltration, failure to resolve inflammation, and clearance of bacteria. Together, our data implicate a pro‐healing role of Prx1‐lineage fibroblasts by facilitating early macrophage recruitment and bacterial clearance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern turbines aimed to work at enhanced efficiencies demand the use of a novel high-performance thermal barrier coating (TBC) which may be susceptible to multiple failure modes. Specifically, ingestion of calcium–magnesium–alumino–silicate (CMAS) or volcanic ash (VA) at elevated temperatures induce accelerated deterioration of conventional yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBCs. The ability to form an impervious and rapidly crystallizing rare earth-based apatite layer upon interaction with CMAS/VA salt favors the choice of rare earth zirconates (REZs) as novel TBCs. Among diverse REZs, Yb2Zr2O7 (YbZ) exhibits ideal TBC characteristics. A detailed insight into YbZ coating characteristics and performance is vitally needed to qualify these materials for TBC applications. Accordingly, in this study indigenously developed YbZ and commercial YSZ were deposited by air plasma spraying. Subsequently, the VA infiltration resistance of deposited coatings was comprehensively compared up to 1350 °C. The SEM analysis of VA-infiltrated YSZ and YbZ coatings revealed the thickness of the infiltration zone and the corresponding mechanism. YbZ coatings displayed significantly better VA infiltration resistance attributed to forming an impervious Yb-apatite-based arresting layer and pinning the further seepage of the VA salt front. Besides, VA rapidly infiltrated YSZ coatings, which failed to form an arresting layer. Overall, the study provides essential insights and thrust in developing next-generation TBCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of early intervention with an electronic specialist-led "proactive" model of care on glycemic and clinical outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: The Specialist Treatment of Inpatients: Caring for Diabetes in Surgery (STOIC-D Surgery) randomized controlled trial was performed at the Royal Melbourne Hospital. Eligible participants were adults admitted to a surgical ward during the study with either known diabetes or newly detected hyperglycemia (at least one random blood glucose result ≥11.1 mmol/L). Participants were randomized 1:1 to standard diabetes care or the intervention consisting of an early consult by a specialist inpatient diabetes team using electronic tools for patient identification, communication of recommendations, and therapy intensification. The primary outcome was median patient-day mean glucose (PDMG). The key secondary outcome was incidence of health care–associated infection (HAI). RESULTS: Between 12 February 2021 and 17 December 2021, 1,371 admissions met inclusion criteria, with 680 assigned to early intervention and 691 to standard diabetes care. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. The early intervention group achieved a lower median PDMG of 8.2 mmol/L (interquartile range [IQR] 6.9–10.0 mmol/L) compared with 8.6 mmol/L (IQR 7.2–10.3 mmol/L) in the control group for an estimated difference of −0.3 mmol/L (95% CI −0.4 to −0.2 mmol/L, P < 0.0001). The incidence of HAI was lower in the intervention group (77 [11%] vs. 110 [16%]), for an absolute risk difference of −4.6% (95% CI −8.2 to −1.0, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: In surgical inpatients, early diabetes management intervention with an electronic specialist-led diabetes model of care reduces glucose and HAI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

System requirements can occasionally be ill-defined and difficult to define. In this case, graphic representation of the system created using semi-formal modelling is advantageous. A smart power grid, for example, includes numerous important needs and function points. We can portray the system functionalities graphically to better grasp the requirements before moving forward with the formal definition. Though, graphic models like Unified Modeling Language (UML) have ambiguity issues as they work on predefined rules. On the other hand, the formal technique uses the correct-by-construction method to guarantee the system's dependability. The formal technique is based on well-practiced mathematical notation. In this article, a smart grid (SG) system based on blockchain (BC) is formally modelled and verified. The system requirements are validated using the formal modelling technique Event-B. To illustrate the system, we first suggest various graphical notations. After that, the notations are translated into a JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) format. Java executable codes are generated in order to validate the JSON schemas. The graphical model is then translated into Event-B specifications and validated using RODIN, a standard tool support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employs various bibliometric analysis techniques to examine the intellectual structure of the International Journal of Information Security from 2007 to 2023. The aim is to identify the most cited journals, underlying research themes within the article corpus, and gradual changes in the research themes over time. "Lecture Notes on Computer Science" is the most referenced knowledge source. Underlying research themes were identified based on mapping the bibliographically coupled articles on to the knowledge areas from the Cyber Security Body of Knowledge using template analysis. Applied Cryptography is the most prominent knowledge area, followed by Privacy, and Network Security. Additionally, research on distributed systems security and Web & Mobile Security were emerging topics of interest. Qualitative and quantitative comparisons between open-access and regular articles suggested a few notable differences in author keywords but no differences in the number of citations received. Furthermore, regression analysis found a negative correlation between citation counts with the length of the article abstract and article title and a positive correlation with page count, being published in a special issue, and if at least the affiliation of one of the authors is different from others. Finally, prominent authors, articles, institutions, and countries published in this journal were also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, an experiment has been carried out with heat pipe vacuum or evacuated tube collector to produce water from atmospheric air. In this experiment, the regeneration and adsorption method has been adopted, that is, water has been produced through the adsorption and regeneration of desiccants. The desiccant is heated through a hot surface to facilitate its regeneration. Limited experiments have been conducted to obtain water through the regeneration of desiccant using a hot surface. For the condensation of water vapor, a novel box has been designed, named the "novel‐designed acrylic box." The water is collected in a measuring flask or beaker to determine its quantity. Silica gel desiccant has been used for the adsorption and regeneration of water vapors. In this experiment, the adsorption process for silica gel was carried out in two different ways. In the first method, 1 kg of silica gel was scattered on the copper tray, that is, inside the system, while in the second method, 1 kg of silica gel was scattered on the paper, that is, outside of the system. In the first case silica gel adsorbed 137 g water vapor, and in the second case, it adsorbed 232 g water vapor. In the first case of adsorption, 70 mL water was produced while in the second case of adsorption, 175 mL water was produced from ambient air. The system's maximum efficiency was found to be 4.9%. Effects of various parameters, such as solar intensity, ambient temperature, wind speed, and so forth, have been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third most important crop after rice and wheat in the world and it is one of the most efficient food crops producing more yield, alimental fibre, high-quality protein, minerals and vitamins than wheat, maize and rice per unit area and time and is recognized as a steady and healthy food crop. The production of seed potatoes and its supply chain face special problems because they are big in size, multiply slowly and large quantities are needed to plant the next crop. There is a huge gap between production and supply of quality planting materials of potato. So, it is important to develop a systematic protocol for production of planting materials at large scale. Given such conditions, the conception of an effective and reproducible in vitro regeneration system in popular potato cultivar(s) is crucial to produce high-quality planting material at large scale. Keeping this in mind, to produce genuine propagative material of high phytosanitary, physiological and genetic quality, effective and reproducible in vitro regeneration protocols of potato are indispensable. To attain such goals, potato sprouts were employed as explants sources and inoculated on MS medium fortified with different auxins and cytokinins in fluctuating proportions or alone as well as in diverse concentrations and amalgamations in combination with 30.0 g l−1 sucrose and 7.5 g l−1 agar. Induction medium MS3NB (MS + 3.0 mg l−1 NAA + 1.0 mg l−1 BA) was more responsive for callus induction (83.00%). Whilst nutrient media MS3BN (MS + 3.0 mg l−1 BAP + 1.0 mg l−1 NAA) displayed better in vitro competence, i.e. number(s) of shoot inducing explants (91.00%) and number(s) of shoot(s) per explant (6.50) along with shoot of bigger length (4.60). Whilst higher in vitro rooting response, viz., root proliferating efficiency (84.0%), number(s) of roots (9.0) with higher length (5.1) was exhibited by rooting medium MSIB (MS + 1.0 mg l−1 IBA). For inducing rooting in vitro, a reduced level of sucrose, i.e. 15.0 g l−l, was used. The regenerants were shifted to pots and acclimatized in polyhouse/net house during preliminary ablactating phase. Regenerants showed normal growth and morphology and were found efficacious in the external environment after hardening. Culture medium with higher regeneration aptitude obtained in present investigation may be used for mass in vitro propagation, micro tuber production and different biotechnological works including tailoring transgenic plants resistant/tolerant against diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The notion of maximal non-valuative domain is introduced and characterized. An integral domain R is called a maximal non-valuative domain if R is not a valuative domain but every proper overring of R is a valuative domain. Maximal non-valuative domains have at most four maximal ideals. Various properties of maximal non-valuative domains are discussed. We characterize integrally closed maximal non-valuative domains in terms of B e ´ zout domains. A local non-integrally closed maximal non-valuative domain is also characterized. Conditions are given under which pseudo-valuation domains and maximal non-pseudo-valuation domains are maximal non-valuative domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive a variant of the Weierstrass–Enneper representation for generalized maximal immersions generated by a single harmonic function. We use this variant to construct examples of generalized maximal immersion from a single family. Subsequently, we proved a ‘superposition principle’ for generalized maximal immersions. It says that if we have given finitely many generalized maximal immersions, one can add their parametrizations to get another generalized maximal immersion under certain assumptions. We also study how the singularity of maxfaces behaves under superposition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We derive a divergence formula for an m-quasi Yamabe gradient soliton with finite m, and use it to give a short proof of the result "A compact m-quasi Yamabe gradient soliton (M n , g) , n ≥ 3 , with finite m, has constant scalar curvature". We also show that an m-quasi Yamabe gradient soliton with finite m and positive scalar curvature, whose soliton vector field leaves the Ricci tensor invariant, is shrinking and has constant scalar curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The comparison of different grades of carbon steel (API 5L X52 and X60) dissolution in CO2–H2S solution at various acetic acid concentrations was investigated via electrochemical experiments and other complementary techniques such as FESEM, XPS and contact angle measurements. The results are evident to suggest that the carbon steel grade strongly influences corrosion rate as X60 corrodes more than X52 in the system being investigated. The possible mechanism behind the higher corrosion rate observed for X60 is elucidated via analyzing the impedance data acquired at various overpotentials by the reaction mechanism analysis approach. The kinetics of dissolution in the given medium for the carbon steels is also reported. It is observed that X52 possess higher surface energy (lower contact angle), which eventually increases the formation rate of FeCO3 on X52. The FeCO3 layer formed on X52 is fine in nature, acts as a protective layer and decreases the corrosion rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to a recent study, adding intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRS) to propagation environments improves the performance of wireless devices. The capabilities of cognitive radio's spectrum sensing over environments with assisted wireless propagation via IRS are examined in this research. Taking channel fading effects into consideration, we derive closed-form analytical expressions for the average probability of detection (APD) for single user and cooperative users. Further, the derived APD expression is used to derive the average area under the receiver operating characteristics curve ( AUC ¯ ) expression. Monte Carlo simulations are also carried out in order to validate the derived expressions. Results demonstarte the extent of detectability performance in cognitive radio on utilizing the IRS aided wireless propagation environment therefore witnessing its significance for upcoming wireless technological advancement by offering spectrum efficiency with good quality of service (QoS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cosmological simulations serve as invaluable tools for understanding the Universe. However, the technical complexity and substantial computational resources required to generate such simulations often limit their accessibility within the broader research community. Notable exceptions exist, but most are not suited for simultaneously studying the physics of galaxy formation and cosmic reionization during the first billion years of cosmic history. This is especially relevant now that a fleet of advanced observatories (e.g. James Webb Space Telescope, Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope , SPHEREx, ELT, SKA) will soon provide an holistic picture of this defining epoch. To bridge this gap, we publicly release all simulation outputs and post-processing products generated within the thesan simulation project at www.thesan-project.com. This project focuses on the z ≥ 5.5 Universe, combining a radiation-hydrodynamics solver (arepo-rt), a well-tested galaxy formation model (IllustrisTNG) and cosmic dust physics to provide a comprehensive view of the Epoch of Reionization. The thesan suite includes 16 distinct simulations, each varying in volume, resolution, and underlying physical models. This paper outlines the unique features of these new simulations, the production and detailed format of the wide range of derived data products, and the process for data retrieval. Finally, as a case study, we compare our simulation data with a number of recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope , affirming the accuracy and applicability of thesan. The examples also serve as prototypes for how to utilize the released data set to perform comparisons between predictions and observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Identification and characterisation of reservoir facies is a prime factor in delimiting the hydrocarbon potential zones of a reservoir for hydrocarbon exploration. The geophysical logs, which are physical parameters of reservoir facies measured in the vicinity of boreholes, play a crucial role in the interpretation of reservoir facies. The present study deals with the identification of the lithology of the Limbodara oil field in the Cambay basin using machine learning (ML) techniques on geophysical logs. The supervised techniques of machine learning, such as support vector machines (SVM), artificial neural networks (ANN), and k-nearest neighbours (kNN), are used as nonlinear classifiers for the identification of lithology from nonlinear geophysical logs. The hyperparameters of the ML model are optimised using the grid search cross-validation (CV) method to increase the performance of the model, as evaluated by confusion matrix, area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), precision, recall, and F1 score. The ML model used five geophysical parameters of two wells with four known distinguished lithologies (Class-A, Class-B, Class-C, and Class-D) for optimisation and training of the model. The optimised and trained model for each lithology for kNN, SVM, and ANN shows an overall correct prediction of true values with 85.4, 87.0, and 88.9%, respectively, from the confusion matrix. Apart from this, the receiver operative characteristics (ROC) also show that the overall area under the curve for each lithology is greater than 90%, and other evaluation parameters such as precision, recall, and F1 score show accuracy greater than 84%, except for the cases of Class C and Class D from SVM and ANN. Thus, the accuracy of each model from evaluation parameters suggests that the combined analysis of different ML models offers to select the optimised ML model for better results and validation to achieve and model the lithology with better precision. Highlights: A way out for obtaining litholog supplements at uncored section in boreholes Established ML assisted mapping function between wireline logs and lithologs Predicted litholog sequence with secure level of accuracy (>80%) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Keratoacanthomas (KAs) following laser treatment are a rare, but well‐described entity. Aim: Herein, we describe a case of eruptive keratoacanthoma (KA) following laser resurfacing treatment and aim to better characterize laser‐associated KAs. Methods: A literature search was performed on PubMed reviewing laser‐associated KAs including various characteristics: epidemiology, history of skin cancer, location, and number, type of laser, as well as the management and outcome. Results: Fractional ablative was the most common type of laser triggering KAs, and most cases presented within the first month following treatment. The majority of cases of laser‐induced KA had a prior history of a malignant or premalignant skin neoplasm. Laser‐induced KAs were treated using modalities similar to KAs arising in other contexts. Conclusion: Clinicians need to be knowledgeable and prepared to understand, and manage complications following laser treatments, as rare as they may be, including KAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Iatrogenic injury to the internal carotid artery (ICA) is one of the most catastrophic complications of endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery. Previous research has shown that packing with a crushed muscle graft at the injury site can be an effective management technique to control bleeding and prevent the need for ICA sacrifice. Here, we describe a novel and readily available repair donor site—an autologous lateral tongue muscle patch. Design Three representative cases of a successful repair of ICA injuries using a lateral tongue muscle patch are included in this study. The graft measured approximately 2 × 3 cm and was taken from the lateral intrinsic tongue musculature. We describe the harvest of the graft, its advantages, and the details of operative repair. Results The lateral tongue provides a large and readily accessible source of muscle within the surgical field that can be quickly harvested during an endoscopic procedure. For the first case, an expanding parasellar ICA pseudoaneurysm was managed with a tongue muscle patch and nasal packing. In the second case, a cavernous ICA injury was sustained during craniopharyngioma resection. Case three involved an ICA injury during endonasal debridement of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis. None of the patients required embolization or neurovascular stenting. Postoperative angiograms and serial computed tomography angiograms showed complete resolution of the pseudoaneurysm, and the patients continued to do well at least 1 year after repair. Conclusion Lateral tongue muscle graft is an effective and efficient method to manage ICA injuries during endoscopic endonasal surgery. Advantages include the speed of harvest, donor site being readily accessible in the surgical field, and low donor site morbidity. It should be added to the repertoire of possible donor sites for addressing catastrophic sinonasal bleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational design of unnatural amino acid building blocks capable of stabilizing predictable secondary structures similar to protein fragments is pivotal for foldamer chemistry/catalysis. Here, we introduce novel β‐amino acid building blocks: [1S,2R,4R]exoCDA and [1S,2S,4R]endoCDA, derived from the abundantly available R(+)‐camphor, which is traditionally known for its medicinal value. Further, we demonstrate that the homooligomers of exoCDA adopt 6‐strand conformation, which switches to a robust 10/12‐helix simply by inserting flexible β‐hGly spacer at alternate positions (1 : 1 β‐hGly/exoCDA heterooligomers), as evident by DFT‐calculations, solution‐state NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of crystalline‐state structure of left‐handed 10/12‐mixed helix, that is free from the conventional approach of employing β‐amino acids of either alternate chirality or alternate β2/β3 substitutions, to access the 10/12‐helix. The results also show that the homooligomers of heterochiral exoCDA don′t adopt helical fold, instead exhibit banana‐shaped strands, whereas the homodimers of the other diastereomer endoCDA, nucleate 8‐membered turns. Furthermore, the homo‐exoCDA and hetero‐[β‐hGly‐exoCDA] oligomers are found to exhibit self‐association properties with distinct morphological features. Overall, the results offer new possibilties of constructing discrete stable secondary and tertiary structures based on CDAs, which can accommodate flexible residues with desired side‐chain substitutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to discuss some results concerning the demiclosedness principle of generalized, nonexpansive mappings in uniformly convex spaces. Further, we present some new fixed-point theorems for generalized nonexpansive mappings in different settings of Banach spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rational design of unnatural amino acid building blocks capable of stabilizing predictable secondary structures similar to protein fragments is pivotal for foldamer chemistry/catalysis. Here, we introduce novel β‐amino acid building blocks: [1S,2R,4R]exoCDA and [1S,2S,4R]endoCDA, derived from the abundantly available R(+)‐camphor, which is traditionally known for its medicinal value. Further, we demonstrate that the homooligomers of exoCDA adopt 6‐strand conformation, which switches to a robust 10/12‐helix simply by inserting flexible β‐hGly spacer at alternate positions (1 : 1 β‐hGly/exoCDA heterooligomers), as evident by DFT‐calculations, solution‐state NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of crystalline‐state structure of left‐handed 10/12‐mixed helix, that is free from the conventional approach of employing β‐amino acids of either alternate chirality or alternate β2/β3 substitutions, to access the 10/12‐helix. The results also show that the homooligomers of heterochiral exoCDA don′t adopt helical fold, instead exhibit banana‐shaped strands, whereas the homodimers of the other diastereomer endoCDA, nucleate 8‐membered turns. Furthermore, the homo‐exoCDA and hetero‐[β‐hGly‐exoCDA] oligomers are found to exhibit self‐association properties with distinct morphological features. Overall, the results offer new possibilties of constructing discrete stable secondary and tertiary structures based on CDAs, which can accommodate flexible residues with desired side‐chain substitutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruits and vegetables are an integral part of our diet attributed to their appealing taste, flavor, and health-promoting characteristics. However, due to their high-water activity, they are susceptible to microbial spoilage and diseases at any step in the food supply chain, from pre-harvest treatment to post-harvest storage and transportation. As a result, food researchers and engineers are developing innovative technologies that can be used to reduce the loss of fruits and vegetables on-farm and during postharvest processing. The purpose of this study was to gather and discuss the scientific data on the disease-suppressive activity of nanoparticles against plant pathogens. The progress and limitations of innovative approaches for improving nanoparticles' efficiency and dependability have been studied to develop effective substitutes for synthetic chemical fungicides and pesticides, in managing disease in fruits and vegetables. The findings of this study strongly suggests that nanotechnology has the required ability for disease suppression in fruits and vegetables. Applications of specific nanoparticles under specified conditions can enhance nutrition delivery to plants, provide better antibacterial and disease suppression activity. Nanoparticles can also lessen the quantity of agrichemicals/metals released into the environment as compared to standard formulations, which is one of the most impressive advances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study how future Type Ia supernovae (SNIa) standard candles detected by the Vera C. Rubin Observatory (LSST) can constrain some cosmological models. We use a realistic 3-yr SNIa simulated data set generated by the LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration time domain pipeline, which includes a mix of spectroscopic and photometrically identified candidates. We combine these data with cosmic microwave background (CMB) and baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements to estimate the dark energy model parameters for two models – the baseline Lambda cold dark matter (ΛCDM) and Chevallier–Polarski–Linder (CPL) dark energy parametrization. We compare them with the current constraints obtained from the joint analysis of the latest real data from the Pantheon SNIa compilation, CMB from Planck 2018 and BAO. Our analysis finds tighter constraints on the model parameters along with a significant reduction of correlation between H 0 and σ8,0. We find that LSST is expected to significantly improve upon the existing SNIa data in the critical analysis of cosmological models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]