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Additive manufacturing techniques employing laser-based metal melting have garnered significant attention within the scientific community. Despite a decade of comprehensive research on the fundamentals of these techniques, there still remain unexplored facets related to heat flux impact on metallic alloys’ properties. Particularly, the effects of point-by-point laser operation on melt pool formation in metallic materials still remain unclear. Thus, this study focuses on the implications of laser metal melting, particularly investigating a point-by-point laser mode operation’s influence on melt pool formation and its geometry in the phase-transformation-sensitive material H11 hot work tool steel. To examine the melt pool, singular laser tracks with various laser parameters were scanned across H11 sheet metal, which allowed for the elimination of layer-by-layer heat cycles’ influence on the melt pool’s microstructure. Samples were examined by means of metallography, revealing significant differences in the melt pool’s depth, influenced mostly by exposure time rather than volumetric energy density. Heat-affected zone effects were found to have a limited range and thus potentially marginal effects in layer-by-layer manufacturing conditions. At the same time, retained austenite concentrations near fusion lines have been found within melt pools, suggesting potential micro-segregation of the alloying additions. The results present guidelines towards laser melting processes optimization.

The effect of Al and Ti additions on the microstructure and properties of CoNiFe alloys was studied in this paper. The investigations were conducted on four specially designed and produced arc furnace alloys (from 3 to 5 components, with medium to high entropy). Samples in various states were analyzed, i.e., as-cast, after homogenization, after solution heat treatment, and after solution heat treatment and aging. The obtained samples were characterized by: SEM observations, EDS, XRD, TEM analyses, and finally, hardness measurements. The solid solution strengthening coming from the addition of 5 at. pct. Al was negligible, while the effect from the 5 at. pct. of Ti addition was significant. The precipitation hardening effect related to the presence of the (CoNi)3Ti phase caused by the Ti addition is comparable with the total effect of the Al and Ti addition, which caused the precipitation of (NiCo)3AlTi.

The paper presents the simulation of the temperature effect on phase transformation in the heat-affected zone in the area of superheat temperatures. Five different tempera- tures were selected, i.e. 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 ̊C. Heating and cooling simulations were carried out on the L78 R.I.T.A high-resolution dilatometer. After austenitizing, the samples were cooled with two selected rates 5 and 1 ̊C/s. On the samples after cooling, microstructure analysis and hardness distribution analysis were performed. Based on the results, the influence of temperature on the increase of hardenability in the range of the tested cooling rates was determined and as a consequence changes in the microstructure and homogeneity of the obtained hardness maps. in polish Wpływ temperatury austenizowania na mikrostrukturę i twardość stali typu Hardox 450 W pracy przedstawiono symulację wpływu temperatury na zakres przemian fazowych w strefie wpływu ciepła w obszarze temperatur przegrzania. Wybrano pięć różnych temperatur austenityzowania, tj.: 900, 1000, 1100, 1200 oraz 1300 ̊C. Symulacje nagrzewania i chłodzenia wykonano na wysokorozdzielczym dylatometrze L78 R.I.T.A. Po austenityzowaniu, próbki chłodzono z dwoma wybranymi szybkościami 5 i 1 ̊C/s do temperatury pokojowej. Na próbkach po ochłodzeniu wykonano analizę mikrostruktury i twardości. W oparciu o przedstawione wyniki określono wpływ temperatury na hartowność w zakresie badanych szybkości chodzenia i w konsekwencji zmian w mikrostrukturze oraz jednorodności uzyskanych map twardości.