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There has been worldwide an increasing interest and more strict criteria for food/feed safety including absence or reduction of the total number of microorganisms (bacteria, moulds and yeasts). Besides heavy metals, materials of biological origin (plant extracts, bio waste, chitosan etc.), some mineral adsorbents also have antimicrobial properties. There is much information about the antibacterial activity of the modified bentonite, montmoriollonite, smectute, zeolites and antifungal activity of various metal ion-exchanged zeolites and natural mineral clay, but there is almost no information about the antimicrobial properties of pyrophyllite, a monoclinic mineral from the group of phyllosilicates. This work summarizes the recent developments of antimicrobial agents and their application, current research, and trends in the area, highlighting pyrophyllite and its potential applications. Pyrophyllite, an unexploited mineral, possesses antimicrobial properties such as antibacterial and antifungal activities against foodborne pathogens which contributes to the protection of consumer?s health and preservation of the environment. Results from preliminary investigations indicate that pyrophyllite showed antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, and antifungal properties against fungal pathogens (Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata and Rhizoctonia solani). This mineral can also be used for biological control of F. oxysporum in the soil for growing potato.

Mathematical modeling for genomic selection in serbian dairy cattle. - Genetika, Vol 53, No.3, 1105-1115. This manuscript has come as a result of an efficient breeding program in Serbian cattle populations for some economically important traits. Genomic selection in the last two decades has been the main challenge in animal breeding programs and genetics. Many SNP markers are used in statistical analysis in predicting the accuracy of breeding values for young animals without their performance. The new breeding tendency in the selection of young animals allows their genetic progress with reducing cost. In this study, 92 Holstein cows from various regions in Serbia were analyzed based on SNP molecular markers. Within this investigation, an empirical model was developed for the prediction of Yield Traits and Fertility Traits variables, according to Key traits data for dairy cattle. The developed model gave a reasonable fit to the data and successfully predicted Yield Traits (such as Fat and Protein Percent, Cheese Merit, Fluid Merit, and Cow Livability) and Fertility Traits variables (such as Sire Calving Ease, Heifer Conception Rate, Cow Conception Rate, Daughter Stillbirth, Sire Stillbirth, and Gestation Length). A total of 92 dairy cattle data were used to build a prediction model for the prediction of Yield Traits and Fertility Traits variables. The artificial neural network model, based on the Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno iterative algorithm, showed good prediction capabilities (the r2 values during the training cycle for the before mentioned output variables were in the range between 0.444 and 0.989).

The body weight of calves in the earliest period of their life (age from 0 to 7 days) is under the greatest influence of the farm and the season of birth. The farm manifests its influence most often through the conditions of nutrition and housing and the organization of the technological production process, while the influence of the birth season is manifested through microclimatic and nutritional conditions, as well. The most common deficiencies related to the nutrition of newborn calves are related to: inadequate colostrum supply in terms of quality, quantity and time of colostrum intake, which is closely related to the organization of the technological production process on the farm. Dietary deficiencies affect the body weight of calves at birth and at 8 days of age. In a study conducted over a year (4 seasons), the colostrum diet of newborn calves of the HF breed on two farms (A and B) with a tied housing system was analyzed. Calves were fed colostrum on both farms at intervals, usually up to 2 hours, less often up to 4 hours after birth. The colostrum consumed came from the mother, most often, and less often from the other cow, while on one of the farms it was also used frozen. However, the amount of colostrum consumed was deficient, it was 1-2 l on farm A, and 2.5 to 3 l on farm B. The occurence of a deficient diet or other deficiencies in the diet of calves was indicated by the average body weight, measured at birth and at the age of 8 days. On farm A, a lower average body weight of calves (37.95 and 39.68 kg) was recorded than on farm B (40.00 and 41.80 kg) by age categories, respectively. The average body weight of calves was statistically significantly (p lt 0.01) influenced by the farm and the season of birth, as well as their mutual interaction, but the effect of the farm was more pronounced. Telesna masa teladi u najranijem periodu života teladi (uzrast od 0 do 7 dana) je pod najvećim uticajem farme i sezone rođenja. Farma svoj uticaj ispoljava najčešće kroz uslove ishrane i držanja i organizaciju tehnološkog procesa proizvodnje, dok se uticaj sezone rođenja ispoljava kroz mikroklimatske i uslove ishrane, takođe. Najčešći nedostaci vezani za ishranu novorođene teladi odnose se na: neadekvatno napajanje kolostrumom u smislu kvaliteta, količine i vremena uzimanja kolostruma, što je u tesnoj vezi sa organizacijom tehnološkog procesa proizodnje na farmi. Nedostaci u ishrani odražavaju se na telesnu masu teladi na rođenju i sa 8 dana života. U ispitivanju sprovedenom tokom 2013-2014 godine (4 sezone) analizirana je ishrana kolostrumom novorođenimh teladi HF rase na dve farme (A i B) sa vezanim sistemom držanja. Telad su napajana kolostrumom na obe farme u intervalu, najčešće do 2 sata, ređe do 4 sata nakon rođenja. Konzumirani kolostrum je poticao od majke, najčešće, a ređe od druge krave, dok se na jednoj od farmi koristio i zamrznut. Međutim, količina konzumiranog kolostruma bila je deficitarna, iznosila je 1-2 l na farmi A, a 2,5 do 3 l na farmi B. Na postojanje deficitarne ishrane ili drugih propusta u ishrani teladi ukazivala je prosečna telesna masa, merena na rođenju i u uzrastu od 8 dana života. Na farmi A je zabeležena manja prosečna telesna masa teladi (37,95 i 39,68kg) nego na farmi B (40,00 i 41,80kg) po starosnim kategorijama, redom. Na prosečnu telesnu masu teladi statistički veoma značajno (p lt 0,01) su uticali farma i sezona rođenja, kao i njihova međusobna interakcija, ali je efekat farme bio izraženiji.

Considering the fact that sheep production has an important role in agriculture of Serbia, lamb performance is essential. Objective of the study was to investigate effect of year, lambing season, sex and birth type on growth performances in lambs of MIS breed. Animal data (birth date, birth type, sex, birth weight -BW0, body weight after 30 days - BW30 and body weight after 90 days – BW90) are gained from control of productive parameters maintained from 2011 to 2020. Research was conducted on the sample of 1592 lambs. Average daily gain from birth to 30 days (ADG1), from 30 to 90 days (ADG2), and from birth until 90 days (ADG3), were calculated and included in analysis. Calendar year was divided in four seasons, each season consists from 3 months: winter, spring, summer and autumn. Average body weights (± standard deviation) at birth, after 30 and 90 days were 4.41 kg (± 0.99), 14.11 kg (± 2.80), 24.05 kg (± 3.86), respectively. Average daily gains were 319.87 g (± 74.97), 164.98 g (± 35.39) and 216.88 g (± 36.86) for ADG1, ADG2 and ADG3, respectively. Lambing type and sex of the lambs affected all of the observed traits very significantly (p < 0.01). Lambing year had very significant effect (p < 0.01) on BW30, on ADG1 and ADG2, while lambing season significantly (p < 0.05) affected BW90, ADG2 and ADG3.Based on the results it can be concluded that birth type and sex had strongest effects in early productive parameters of lambs. S obzirom na to da ovčarstvo ima važnu ulogu u poljoprivredi Srbije, produktivnost jagnjadi je od izuzetnog značaja. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita uticaj godine, sezone jagnjenja, pola i tipa rođenja na produktivne parametre jagnjadi MIS rase. Podaci o životinjama (datum rođenja, tip rođenja, pol, telesna masa na rođenju -BW0, telesna masa posle 30 dana - BW30 i telesna masa nakon 90 dana - BW90) su dobijeni kontrolom proizvodnih parametara održanih od 2011. do 2020. godine, na uzorku od 1592 jagnjadi. Prosečan dnevni prirast od rođenja do 30 dana (ADG1), od 30 do 90 dana (ADG2), i od rođenja do 90 dana (ADG3), izračunat je i uključen u analizu. Kalendarska godina je podeljena na četiri godišnja doba (zima, proleće, leto i jesen), a svako godišnje doba sastoji se od 3 meseca. Prosečna telesna masa (± standardna devijacija) pri rođenju, posle 30 i 90 dana bila je 4,41 kg (± 0,99), 14,11 kg (± 2,80), 24,05 kg (± 3,86), redom. Prosečni dnevni prirasti iznosili su 319,87 g (± 74,97), 164,98 g (± 35,39) i 216,88 g (± 36,86) za ADG1, ADG2 i ADG3, redom. Tip rođenja i pol jagnjadi značajno su uticali na sve ispitivane osobine (p < 0,01). Godina rođenja imala je veoma značajan uticaj (p < 0,01) na BW30, na ADG1 i ADG2, dok je sezona jagnjenja značajno (p < 0,05) uticala na BW90, ADG2 i ADG3. Na osnovu rezultata može se zaključiti da su tip i pol rođenja imali najjače efekti u ranim produktivnim parametrima jagnjadi.

The objective of the research was to investigate the significance of the main systematic effects on productive life of high yielding Black-and-White dairy cows. The average length of productive life reached 1494.18��463.66 days Observed by genotypes, the mean values were as follows: 1377.35 days (>73% HF), 1477.47 days (58-73% HF) and 1627.71 days (0.05)., {"references":["BERRY, D. P., HARRIS, B. L., WINKELMAN, A. M., MONTGOMERIE, W.: Phenotypic associations between traits other than production and longevity in New Zealand dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 88:2962–2974, 2005.","BOETTCHER, P. J., JAIRATH, L. K., DEKKERS, J.C.M.: Comparison of methods for genetic evaluation of sires for survival of their daughters in the first three lactations. Journal of Dairy Science, 825:1034–1044, 1999.","BOGDANOVIĆ, V., ĐEDOVIĆ, R., PERIŠIĆ, P., STANOJEVIĆ, D., BESKOROVAJNI, R., PETROVIĆ, M.D.: Karakteristike dugovečnosti kao funkcionalne osobine mlečnih krava. Radovi sa XXVI savetovanja agronoma, veterinara, tehnologa i agroekonomista Vol. 18. br. 3-4, str.23-33, Beograd, 2012.","CARAVIELLO, D. Z., WEIGEL, K. A., GIANOLA, D.: Prediction of longevity breeding values for us holstein sires using survival analysis methodology. Journal of Dairy Science, 8710:3518–3525, 2004.","CHIRINOS, Z., CARABAÑO, M. J., HERNÁNDEZ, D.:Genetic evaluation of length of productive life in the Spanish Holstein-Friesian population. Model validation and genetic parameters estimation. Livestock Science,106, 120–131, 2007.","DE VRIES, A., OLSON, J.D., PINEDO, P.J.: Reproductive risk factors for culling and productive life in large dairy herds in the eastern United States between 2001 and 2006. Journal of Dairy Science, 93: 613-623, 2010.","DE VRIES, A.: Productive life of dairy cows in Florida. Department of Animal Sciences University of Florida, Gainesville, 2003.","DUCROCQ,V.: An improved model for the French genetic evaluation of dairy bulls on length of productive life of their daughters. Animal Science, 80: 249-256, 2005.","HADLEY, G. L., WOLF, C. A., HARSH, S. B.: Dairy cattle culling patterns, explanations, and implications. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 2286-2296, 2006.","HARE, E., NORMAN, H. D., WRIGHT, J. R.: Survival rates and productive herd life of dairy cattle in the United States. Journal of Dairy Science, 899:3713–3720, 2006.","HARVEY, W.R. :Mixed model least squares and maximum livelihood computer program: User's guide for LSMLMW and MIXMDL, 1987.","LOPEZ DE MATURANA, E., UGARTE, E., GONZALEZ-RECIO, O.: Impact of Calving Ease on Functional Longevity and Herd Amortization Costs in Basque Holsteins Using Survival Analysis. Journal of Dairy Science, 90:4451–4457, 2007.","PÁCHOVÁ, E., ZAVADILOVÁ, L., SÖLKNER, J.: Genetic evaluation of the length of productive life in Holstein cattle in the Czech Republic. Czech J. Anim. Sci., 50, 493–498, 2005.","PRITCHARD, T., COFFEY, M., MRODE, R., WALL, E.: Understanding the genetics of survival in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, 96: 3296-3309, 2013.","SEWALEM, A., MIGLIOR, F., KISTEMAKER, G. J., SULLIVAN, P., VAN DOORMAAL, B. J.: Relationship Between Reproduction Traits and Functional Longevity in Canadian Dairy Cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 91:1660–1668, 2008.","TERAWAKI, Y., DUCROCQ, V.: Nongenetic effects and genetic parameters for length ofproductive life of Holstein cows in Hokkaido, Japan. Journal of Dairy Science, 92: 2144-2150, 2009.","TSURUTA, S., MISZTAL, I., LAWLOR, T. J.: Changing Definition of Productive Life in US Holsteins: Effect on Genetic Correlations. Journal of Dairy Science, 88: 1156– 1165, 2005.","VAN RADEN, P. M., DEMATAWEWA, C. M. B., PEARSON, R. E., TOOKER. M. E.: Productive life including all lactations and longer lactations with diminishing credits. Journal of Dairy Science, 89: 3213-3220, 2006.","VUKAŠINOVIĆ, N., MOLL, J., KUNZI, N.: Analysis of productive life in Swiss Brown cattle. Journal of Dairy Science, 8010:2572–2579, 1997."]}

Genetic parameters (heritability coefficients and genetic correlations) of the type of calving, number of stillbirths and birth weight have been evaluated in the population of Holstein Friesian cattle breed. Data sets have been analysed by means of the Mixed Least Square Model (LSMLMW). Besides a random effect of bull-sires, the model has also included the fixed effects of farm, season, sex, the evaluation of viability of calves and types of birth. Estimated heritability values and heritability errors for the type of calving (TC), number of stillbirths (SB) and birth weight (BWT) were low: 0.190 ± 0.062; 0.018 ± 0.006 and 0.149 ± 0.051, respectively. Heritabilities of the analysed traits were evaluated on the grounds of the calves` bull-sires additive value (direct heritability). The values of the genetic correlation coefficients between examined traits ranged from - 0.251 (correlation between the type of calving and number of stillbirths) to 0.340 (correlation between the number of stillbirths and birth weight). Genetski parametri (koeficijent heritabiliteta i genetske korelacije) tipa teljenja, broja mrtvorođene teladi i telesne mase pri rođenju ocenjeni su u populaciji krava holštajn frizijske rase. Setovi podataka analizirani su putem mešovitog modela najmanjih kvadrata (LSMLMW). Model je pored slučajnog uticaja bikova-očeva obuhvatao fiksne uticaje farme, sezone, pola, ocene vitalnosti teladi i tipa rođenja. Ocenjeni heritabiliteti i njihove greške za tip teljenja, broj mrtvorođene teladi i telesnu masu pri rođenju bili su niski i iznosili su: 0,190 ± 0,062; 0,018 ± 0,006 i 0,149 ± 0,051, odgovarajuće. Heritabiliteti analiziranih osobina ocenjeni su na osnovu aditivne vrednosti očeva teladi (direktan heritabilitet). Koeficijenti genetskih korelacija između ispitivanih osobina imali su vrednosti od -0,251 (povezanost tipa teljenja i broja mrtvorođene teladi) do 0,340 (povezanost broja mrtvorođene teladi i telesne mase pri rođenju).