Fenotipski i genetski parametri osobina mliječnosti prvotelki holštajn-frizijske pasmine

Cilj rada bio je utvrditi varijabilnost, nasljednost i povezanost tri proizvodne osobine 1409 prvotelki holštajn-frizijske pasmine; količina mlijeka tijekom laktacije (ML), količina mliječne masti tijekom laktacije (MM) i količina proteina tijekom laktacije (PR). Sukladno postavljenom cilju utvrđeno je da ML, MM i PR statistički značajno variraju (P<0,01, P<0,05, P<0,001) pod utjecajem sezone prvog teljenja I dužine trajanja prve laktacije. Također, ML i PR statistički su značajno varirali (P<0,01, P<0,001) pod utjecajem farme na kojoj su životinje uzgajane, dok su na varijabilnost MM signifikantan utjecaj (P<0.05) imali godina i starost prilikom prvog teljenja. Udio holstein gena i obrok koji su životinje dobivale nisu utjecali (P>0,05) na varijabilnost niti jedne od ispitivanih osobina, dok farma na kojoj su životinje uzgajane nije utjecala (P>0,05) na MM, a godina i starost prilikom prvog teljenja nisu imali (P>0,05) statistički značajan utjecaj na ML i PR. Koristeći model životinje, zasnovan na upotrebi matrice srodstva koja je sadržavala 3867 životinja, REML metodologijom ocijenjeni su koeficijenti heritabiliteta za: ML h2= 0,25; MM h2= 0,40; PR h2= 0,37. Utvrđeni koeficijenti genetskih i fenotipskih korelacija ukazivali su na potpunu i pozitivnu povezanost između ovih osobina, s intervalom vrijednosti od rg = 0,96 između ML i MM do rg = 1,00 između ML i PR.
The objective of this paper was to study variability, heritability and correlation of the three production traits in 1409 first-calf heifers of Holstein-Friesian breed; including the determination of the quantity of milk during lactation (ML), the quantity of milk fat during lactation (MM) and the quantity of protein during lactation (PR). According to the obtained results it could be concluded that there were statistically significant differences (P<0.01, P<0.05, P<0.001) between ML, MM and PR regarding the effect of season of the first calving and the length of the first lactation. In addition, there were also significant differences (P<0.01, P<0.001) between ML and PR with respect to the effect of farm on which animals were raised, while on MM variability the year and age at first calving had a significant effect (P<0.05). A share of Holstein genes and the ration which animals were fed had no effect (P>0.05) on variability of any of the examined traits, while the farm on which animals were raised had no effect (P>0.05) on MM, and year and age at first calving did not demonstrate (P>0.05) statistically significant effect on ML and PR. By applying the animal model, based on the use of kinship matrix which involved 3867 animals, by help of REML methodology following heritability coefficients were evaluated: ML h2= 0.25; MM h2= 0.40; PR h2= 0.37. Coefficients determined for genetic and phenotypic correlations indicated existence of complete and positive correlations between these traits the interval of values being from rg = 0.96 between ML and MM to rg = 1.00 between ML and PR.